The origin of the skullcap The word “skullcap” received its name from the Turkic “tyube”, which translates as “top, top”. Skullcaps are worn by peoples Central Asia, as well as in Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, in the Volga region Tatars, Bashkirs. Along with saving common features, the skullcap is always distinguished by the individual handwriting of the masters who created it.
Skullcap ornament. It’s worth talking about ornaments in particular. Almost all of them, even the simplest ones, once had a symbolic meaning. For example, a wavy circular closed pattern meant the annual cycle, the infinity of life, and the wish for longevity. Braided "rope" - union, commonwealth, marriage ties. Floral ornament is a symbol of earthly life, gratitude to the Creator for the beauty and generosity of nature. One of the main elements of the floral ornament of the Turkic peoples, especially loved by the Tatars, is a simplified image of a tulip, a memory of distant steppes, a symbol of spring rebirth. Ornaments in the form of paired curls, reminiscent of ram horns, also go back to the distant nomadic past - so that the owner would not lose his cattle, he would be rich and prosperous. And there are ornaments common to Eurasian peoples, for example, solar, sun signs - these are amulets that, according to legend, ward off illnesses and misfortunes
Purpose of the skullcap Since ancient times, the skullcap has been an integral part national clothes. The skullcap was not only a simple headdress, but emphasized a person as modest, well-mannered, and a believer. Therefore, about a person who was a true believer, living according to the rules of the Koran, they said that “he was born in a skullcap.”
Skullcap shapes Russian Tatars wear skullcaps with a flat or pointed top. The shapes of skull caps are varied: low, high, pointed and with a flat top, with and without a brush, in the shape of a cylinder. Skullcaps are usually sewn from velvet, embroidered with multi-colored silk threads, decorated with gold or silver thread, beads, sparkles, stones, and later with beads, bugles, and pearls.
Kalyapush and taqiya There was a time when Tatar men could not be imagined without a skullcap. According to Muslim customs, the hair was shaved bald and a skullcap was worn. There are two types of skullcaps - kalyapush and taqiya. Takiya is similar in shape to a knitted hat, sewn from four parts. Among the Tatars, the skullcap is usually called kalyapush. Kalyapush is a Farsi word: kala - head, pushidan - covering, i.e. “Before prayer, cover your head.”
The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said the following about the remembrance of Allah (dhikr): “Do not talk much without remembering Allah, for talking too much without remembering Allah hardens the heart, and the one furthest from Allah is the one who has a hard heart.”(Tirmidhi).
He also said: “The house in which the Almighty is remembered and in which the Most High is not remembered are like the living and the dead.” (Muslim)
In this article, we have collected some of the most important prayers as well as hadiths that Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) encouraged us to use frequently.
1. The best dhikr
The best form of remembering Allah is: "La ilaha illallah"(There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah).
The best form of praising Allah is: "Alhamdulillah"(All praise belongs to Allah). (Tirmidhi)
2. The best prayer for praising Allah
“SubhanAllahi wa bihamdihi adada halkihi wa ridda nafsihi vazinata arshihi wa midada kalimatihi”
(Glory and praise belong to Allah as much as His creations, as much as it suffices Him, as much as His Throne weighs and as much as the ink for His words).
3. The best prayer (dua)
“Rabbana atina fid-dunya hassanatau wa fil-ahirati hassanatau wa kyina gazabannar.”
(Oh, our Lord! Grant us blessings in this life and the next, save us from the torment of Hell!)
4. The best prayer for repentance
The hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) narrated by Shadad ibn Aws states:
"The most perfect prayer about repentance - the slave’s appeal to his Creator:
« Allahumma anta Rabbi, la ilaha illa anta, halyaktani wa ana abduk, wa ana ala ahdikya, wa wa'dikya mastatatu. Auzu bikya min sharri ma sanatu, abuu lyakya bi – ni’matika aleya va abuu lyaka bizanbi fagfir lii fa – innahu la yagfiruz – zunuba illya anta» .
(My Allah! You are my Lord. There is no deity except You, worthy of worship. You created me. I am your slave. And I try to the best of my ability to keep the oath of obedience and loyalty to You. I resort to You for protection from the evil of the mistakes and sins I have committed . I thank You for all the blessings You have given, and I ask you to forgive my sins. Grant me forgiveness, for there is no one but You who forgives sins).
5. The best prayer for protection
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “No harm will come to him of you who says to Allah three times morning and evening:
“Bismillahi llazi la yadurru maasmihi shayun fil ardy wa la fi ssamai wa huva Ssamiul Alim.”
(In the name of Allah, in whose name nothing will cause harm either on earth or in heaven, because He is the Hearing, the Knowing!).
6. The best prayer for depression
Prophet Yunus, being in the belly of a whale, addressed Allah with the following prayer:
“La ilaha illya anta subhanaka inni kuntu min az-zalimin.”
(There is no god but You! Most pure are You! Truly, I was one of the oppressors! (Sura Al-Anbiya, verse 87).
“Without a doubt, if a Muslim does not address this prayer to anyone other than Allah, his prayer will be accepted.” (Tirmidhi)
7. Best prayer to achieve inner peace and pacification
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him!) reported: “The Messenger of Allah turned to me: “Should I lead you to one of the treasures of Paradise?”
I replied: “Yes, O Messenger of Allah!” To which he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said:
"Repeat: “La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah”(Strength and might belong only to Allah).
Our life is woven from difficulties. They break some, and make others stronger. The outcome depends on the person. He decides to cave in or accept them as part of Allah's plan and try to solve them. The most worthy example of how overcoming difficulties makes us stronger, more pious and more successful is the life of the prophets. They gradually solved all the problems and difficulties accompanying the prophetic life, overcoming and turning to the Almighty in prayer.
Prayer of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is an example for every Muslim. His lessons are the most valuable, and his example is the most worthy.
After the uncle of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) Abu Talib and his wife Khadija left the world, the Quraish began to oppress and persecute the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) even more.
Disappointed in them, he went to Taif with the hope that they would believe in the religion of Allah.
Arriving in Taif, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called for Islam, but the residents responded very aggressively. They threw stones at the prophet until his feet were bleeding. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was accompanied by Zayd son of Haris. He covered the prophet with his body as best he could, and received several wounds to the head. They had to leave Taif. They reached Utbat's garden. Tired and weak from wounds, the Prophet (peace be upon him) sat down under a tree, raised his head and read the dua:
“O Most Gracious of all the merciful! You are the Lord of the weak, You are also my Lord. To whom do You leave me: to the enemy who looks at me with malice, or to the enemy who rules over me? [everything is connected with the Almighty. It’s not that anyone is to blame] If you are not angry with me [these difficulties and problems are part of life, something you need to go through with dignity, and not a manifestation of your anger], then no problems [I will go through all this], however, then what are you giving vitality- uppermost. By the radiance of Your greatness, which illuminated the darkness, with which worldly and akhirat affairs improved, I seek protection from Your anger over me, and from sending it down on me, there is no strength and power except from You.”
At a very difficult moment, when the number of companions numbered only in the dozens, when loved ones left this world, when people pushed the truth away from themselves, throwing stones and shouting words of humiliation, the prophet did not complain, conjure those bad atheists, sending thousands of troubles and curses, but just said: “If You are not angry with me [these difficulties and problems are just part of life, something you need to go through with dignity, and not a manifestation of your anger], then no problems [I will go through all this].”
The Prophet (peace be upon him) did not look for the culprits and did not waste energy on accusations. He knew that everything is from Allah. And at that moment it was important for him to know only one thing - Allah is not angry with him. For him, only the wrath of Allah is terrible, and not the stones thrown by the pagans.
Prophet Ayub's prayer
Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was very rich, pious, generous and kind. He had a wonderful big family: devoted wife and 14 beautiful children (7 boys and 7 girls). The Almighty loved him very much and praised him in every possible way before the angels. Because of this, Iblis (shaitan) hated Ayub and said that Ayub would not serve Allah so faithfully if he were a beggar.
“If all his property is given to me, I am sure he will stop worshiping Him.”- said Iblis.
Then the Almighty said to Iblis: "I give you authority over his property". Iblis immediately hurried to the fields. He destroyed all the livestock and set fire to all the crops that came in his way. Then he came to Ayub (peace be upon him) to report that the Almighty had burned all his possessions. But he answered restrainedly:
Then Iblis decided that Ayub would turn away from the Almighty as soon as he lost his main wealth - his family. And then the Almighty gave Iblis power over the children of Ayub. Shaitan approached the house in which the children of Ayub (peace be upon him) were and shook it so that the roof collapsed and everyone who was in the house found themselves under the rubble. And then he hurried to Ayub with a message that the Almighty had killed all his children. And then Ayub only answered: “Praise be to Allah, He took away what He Himself gave.”
But Iblis did not stop there and asked the Almighty for power over Ayub’s body. And this time Allah gave him permission. Then Iblis brought upon the prophet such an illness that exhausted him and made him absolutely powerless.
After all these misfortunes, all of Ayub's relatives, friends and followers turned away from him. Only him remained with him faithful wife. And these hardships and difficulties continued for Ayub (peace be upon him) for 7 years. And at the peak of all these difficulties, Prophet Ayub, in addressing Allah, only said:
“Verily, evil has touched me, and You are the Most Merciful of the merciful.”
(Holy Quran 21:83)
Think about this prayer!!! He lost everything he had: wealth, children, authority and influence in society. And after all these hardships, Ayub only says: “Verily, evil has touched me, and You are the Most Merciful of the merciful.”
What kind of faith, piety, patience, wisdom do you need to have in order to say this prayer at the peak of hardships and hardships?
We hasten in prayer to complain to the Almighty about how difficult it is for us, tearfully asking him to resolve this, this, this and this situation. We describe our hardships in detail and detail, as if the Almighty does not know about them. What kind of conviction must a person have in the Wisdom and All-Awareness of the Almighty in order to say only: “Verily, evil has touched me, and You are the Most Merciful of the merciful.”
After 7 years of difficulties and hardships, the Almighty gave him recovery and returned his family and wealth.
We answered his prayer, removed the evil that befell him and gave him his family and in addition as many more as a mercy from Us and as a warning to those who worship.
(Holy Quran 21:84)
Verily, we belong completely to Allah and, verily, we all return to Him. Almighty, give us vital energy, wisdom and patience. Allah, you erase and confirm what you wish, if You have predetermined misfortune for me, help me cope with it, or replace it with happiness.
“I am pleased with Allah as a Lord, with Islam as a religion and with Muhammad as a prophet!”
رَضِيتُ بِاللهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَبِيًّا،
((Razitu bi-Llyahi Rabban, wa bi-l-Islami dinan wa bi-Muhammadin salla Allahu alayhiyi wa sallama rasulyan))
There are many hadiths that talk about great benefit, the greatness and merits of this dua.
A hadith narrated by Abu Salam from a servant of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) states that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ خَادِمِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ قَالَ: رَضِيتُ بِاللهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَبِيًّا، حِينَ يُمْسِي ثَلَاثًا، وَحِينَ يُصْبِحُ ثَلَاثًا، كَانَ حَقًّا عَلَى اللهِ أَنْ يُرْضِيَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
“To the one who says three times in the morning and three times in the evening: ((Razitu bi-Llyahi Rabban, wa bi-l-Islami dinan wa bi-Muhammadin salla Allahu alayhiyi wa sallama rasulyan)) - “I am pleased with Allah - as the Lord, Islam “as a religion and Muhammad as a Messenger,” Allah Almighty will certainly show His favor on the Day of Resurrection.”
It was also narrated from Sa'd ibn Abu Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
وعن سعدِ بن أَبي وقَّاصٍ - رضي الله عنه - عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أنَّه قَالَ: «مَنْ قَالَ حِيْنَ يَسْمَعُ المُؤَذِّنَ: أشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إلَه إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، رَضِيتُ بِاللهِ رَبًّا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولًا، وَبِالإسْلامِ دِينًا، غُفِرَ لَهُ ذَنْبُهُ». رواه مسلم
« To the one who, having heard the words of the adhan, says: ((Ashhadu alla ilaha illa Allahu wahda-hu la sharika la-hu wa ashhadu Anna Muhammadan 'abdu-hu wa rasulyu-hu, razytu bi-Llahi Rabban, wa bi-Muhammadin rasulyan va bi-l-islami dinan)) - “I testify that there is no god but Allah alone, Who has no partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger. I am pleased with Allah as a Lord, with Muhammad as a messenger, and with Islam as a religion,” his sins will be forgiven" (Muslim)
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) also reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه، أن رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: مَنْ قَالَ رَضِيتُ بالله ربا، وبالإسلام دينا، وبمحمد -صلى الله عليه وسلم- نبيًّا ورسولًا؛ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الجَنَّةُ
« The one who says: ((Razitu bi-Llyahi Rabban, wa bi-l-Islami dinan wa bi-Muhammadin salla Allahu alayi wa sallama rasulian)) will definitely enter heaven) - “I am pleased with Allah as the Lord, Islam as a religion and Muhammad - as Messenger" (Abu Dawud)
It is also reported from the words of Sauban (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
عن ثوبان رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: مَنْ قالَ حِينَ يُمْسِي: رَضِيتُ بالله رَبَّاً، وبالإسلام دينا، وبمحمد صلى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم نَبِيَّاً، كانَ حَقّاً على الله تعالى أنْ يُرْضِيَهُ
« Allah Almighty will certainly show His favor towards the one who begins to speak in the evenings : ((Razitu bi-Llyahi Rabban, wa bi-l-Islami dinan wa bi-Muhammadin salla Allahu alayi wa sallama nabiyan)) - “I am pleased with Allah as the Lord, Islam as a religion and Muhammad as a prophet.” (Tirmidhi)
In one of the versions (rivayat) of this hadith, cited by Abu Dawud and other muhaddis, it is said: “... and Muhammad as the Messenger ((... wa bi-Muhammadin rasulyan)),” while the version of Tirmidhi says: “ ...as the Prophet ((...nabiyan)).” Thus, it is advisable to combine these words and say: “...as the Prophet and Messenger ((...nabiyan wa rasulyan)).” But if a person limits himself to only one of them, he will be considered to have acted in accordance with what is said in this hadith.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say:
عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «ذَاقَ طَعْمَ الْإِيمَانِ مَنْ رَضِيَ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ
« The person who has felt the sweetness of iman (faith) is pleased with Allah as his Lord, Islam with his religion, and Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) with his Prophet. " (Muslim)
Abu Saeed Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
من قَالَ رضيتُ بِاللَّه ربّاً وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دينا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم رَسُولا وَجَبت لَهُ الْجنَّة قَالَ فَفَرِحت بذلك وسررت بِهِ
« The one who says: ((Razitu bi-Llyahi Rabban, wa bi-l-Islami dinan wa bi-Muhammadin salla Allahu alayhiyi wa sallama rasulyan)) - “I am pleased with Allah as a Lord, with Islam as a religion and Muhammad as a Messenger." Abu Said Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “I was very happy about this " (Nisai)
So, the advantages of this dua are that whoever reads it in a given situation, Allah Almighty
1. will show His favor to him on the Day of Resurrection;
2. forgive his sins;
3. will lead him into heaven;
4. that person will feel the sweetness of iman (faith).
"Prayer is best view worship"
(Abu Daoud).
It is reported that the entire life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was filled with worship and prayers addressed to the Lord.
Below we briefly summarize the prayers often recited by the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
- “My Lord, I ask You to guide me to true path"(Muslim).
- “My Lord, guide me to the true path, grant me piety, abstinence and wealth” (Muslim).
- “O Allah! You change our hearts! Make our hearts obedient to you" (Muslim).
- “Allah, grant me the truth and protect me from the evil of my soul (nafs)” (Tirmidhi)
- “O Allah! You are the One who changes our hearts. Strengthen my heart in Your religion” (At-Tirmidhi).
- “My Lord! I ask You for useful knowledge, a pleasant life (rizq) and those deeds that will be accepted by You” (ibn Masud).
- “Lord, forgive me, be merciful to me. Grant me health and rizq” (Muslim).
- “My Lord, forgive me my sins, be merciful to me, grant me health and rizq” (Muslim).
- “My Lord, I seek Your protection from the evil that I have committed and did not commit” (Muslim).
- “I seek the protection of Allah from calamities, misfortunes, evil rock and the machinations of enemies" (Bukhari-Muslim).
- “My Lord, grant us good in this world and in the hereafter. Protect us from the torment of Hell" (Bukhari-Muslim).
- “My Lord, I seek Your protection from the fire of Hell, the torment of Hell and the evil of poverty or wealth” (Abu Dawud).
- “My Lord, I resort to You from hunger. This is a very bad friend. I resort to You from betrayal. This is a very bad travel companion" (Abu Dawud).
- “My Lord, I resort to You so that Your blessing leaves me. I ask you to preserve the health You have given me. I resort to you from sudden torment and any pain” (Muslim).
- “My Lord, illuminate my heart. Give light to my tongue, my ears, my eyes, everything behind me, in front of me and below me. My Lord, increase my light" (Bukhari-Muslim).
- “Allah, I seek help only from You alone! Put my life in order and do not leave me alone with my nafs even for the blink of an eye” (Hakim).
- “My Lord, I ask You for such deeds that will give me Your Love, the love of those whom You love and love for You. My Lord, make my love for You more precious to me than my desires and passions, my family or cold water"(At-Tirmidhi).
- “My Lord, I resort to you from weakness, cowardice, old age and stinginess. I come running to you from the torment of the grave. I seek refuge in you from the worries of this life and death." (Muslim)
- “My Lord, I thank You. Grant me the benefit of this thing and the benefit of what is done for its sake. I seek refuge in You from the evil of this thing and the evil done for its sake” (At-Tirmidhi).
- “My Lord, I ask You for that which will grant Your mercy and Your forgiveness. I ask You to remove me from all sins and achieve the best, reach Paradise and be saved from Hell" (Muslim).
- “My Lord, improve my religion, which protects everything, that is what I do. Improve my world, which ensures my existence. Improve mine eternal life Where will I go after death? My Lord, may You be the means of seeking all the blessings of this life for me. Save me from the evil of death" (Muslim).
- "In the name of Allah. I rely on Allah. My Lord! I take refuge in You from losing my way and causing someone else to lose their way. I come to you in order to be humiliated or to humiliate someone. I come to you from being oppressed or from oppressing someone. I seek refuge in you from ignorance and from leaving anyone ignorant” (At-Tirmidhi).
- “All my gratitude belongs to Allah. Allah is enough for me. All praise be to Allah. Allah will give me food. He grants me all the blessings and I am grateful that Allah has made me the most revered of all mankind.” I ask You to protect me from Fire!” (Abu Daoud).
- “My Lord, I submit to You, I believe in You, I rely on You, I pray to You and turn to You. Forgive me for everything I have done before and forgive me for what I will do. Forgive me for everything I have done openly and secretly. You are the only One who can hasten and delay. There is no God but You" (Bukhari-Muslim).
- “My Lord, I seek Your protection from weakness, laziness, stinginess, old age and the torment of the grave. My Lord, purify my nafs and make me God-fearing. Only You can cleanse me the best way. You are the creator and owner of my soul. My Lord, I resort to You from useless knowledge, a fearless heart, an insatiable nafs and prayers that are not accepted” (Muslim).
- “My Lord, grant me health in this world and the hereafter. My Lord, grant me health and forgiveness in my religion, my life, my family and my property. My Lord, cover my shame. Free me from my fears. Protect me from them in front, behind, right, left and above me. I take refuge in Your greatness from the fears that are beneath me” (Abu Dawud).
- “My Lord, forgive me my mistakes and my ignorance. Forgive me for my excess in my affairs. Forgive me for what You know better than I do. My Lord, forgive me for what I have done intentionally and unintentionally. My Lord, forgive me for what I left for later and for what I did not do. Forgive me for what I have done openly and secretly. Forgive me for what You know better. You decide the fate of this” (Bukhari-Muslim).
- “My Lord, You are my Lord. There is no God but You. You created me and I am Your slave. I will keep the covenant I made with You until my strength fails me. I come to you because of the evil I have committed. All the goods that I have acquired belong to you. I admit my sins. Protect me and forgive me. No one except You will forgive my sins" (Bukhari).
- “My Lord, all thanks to You. You are the light of this earth, heaven and everything that is in them. Thank you. You alone control the earth, the heavens, and everything in and between them. All praise belongs to You. Verily, we will return to You. Heaven and Hell are true. Prophets are the truth. Doomsday is true. My Lord, I submit to You, I believe in You, I rely on You, I turn to You. I offer my repentance to You, I fight in Your name. You are my Judge. Forgive me all my sins. Forgive me for the sins I have committed in the past and present. Forgive me for sins committed openly and secretly. You are my Lord. There is no God but You. There is no power and strength except that of the All-Glorious Allah” (Bukhari-Muslim).
- “Creator of the heavens and the earth, He who knows the visible and the invisible, the Lord of all things, the ruler and sovereign Allah! I witness that there is no God but You. I resort to You from the evil of my nafs, shaitan and his followers. I resort to You, Allah, from the evil of my nafs and its impulses to commit crimes against Muslims" (At-Tirmidhi)
