The spiritual center of the settlement was the Rogozhskoe Old Believers' cemetery, which was called in the old days the Rogozhsky almshouse - the largest and richest center of the Old Believers.
The formation of the Rogozhsky cemetery was facilitated by the pestilence (plague) epidemic of 1771.
By order of Empress Catherine II, in order to prevent an epidemic, all cemeteries within the city were closed, including two of the Old Believers - at the Serpukhovskaya and Tverskaya outposts.
Count Grigory Grigorievich Orlov, who arrived in Moscow to fight the plague
allowed the Old Believers to bury the dead during a pestilence in the field behind the Rogozhskaya Zastava to the right of the Vladimirsky tract (the modern name is the Entuziastov highway) on the ground, earlier
belonging to the peasants of the village of Novoandronovka.
Considering the great contribution of the Old Believers in the fight against the devastating epidemic, Catherine II allowed them to build two of her summer and winter churches near the cemetery.
Alongside the churches, almshouses, houses for clergy and clergy, monastic cells, a large hospital named after S. I. Morozov, the Rogozh school, an orphanage, five convents and even a shelter for mentally ill women were erected over time.
As a complete architectural ensemble, Rogozhskaya Sloboda was finally formed by 1860-1880. The planning axis of the ensemble is emphasized by three temples located on one straight line.
A boulevard running from the southern gate through the temples to the necropolis separates the residential area from the churches. From the altar of the temples - a flowing pond with spring water.
At the end of the 19th century, a wooden bell tower stood on the boulevard in front of the Nikolskaya Church. At the beginning of the 20th century, opposite the Holy Gates on the territory of the cemetery, a new stone bell tower and a large hospital named after S.I. Morozov were erected.
Temples of the Rogozhsky cemetery.
Intercession Cathedral of the Old Believers' Rogozh community
(Summer temple in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos)
Most of the Old Believer churches in Russia were called in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, since it was traditionally believed that the patronage of the Mother of God allows the Old Believers
Churches to overcome hardships and hardships.
The Intercession Cathedral is the main cathedral church of the Rogozh Old Believer community.
Built in 1790-1792 by the outstanding Russian architect Matvey Fedorovich Kazakov in the style of classicism.
Initially, the Old Believers began to erect a huge temple, exceeding the size of the Kremlin's Assumption Cathedral, but the commander-in-chief of Moscow, Prince Prozorovsky, made a report to Empress Catherine II about such a proud intention, and also made his St. Petersburg Metropolitan Gabriel.
After that, an investigation was carried out and it was ordered to "break off the inlets for the altar" (they broke the altar part), instead of five chapters, "make a plan with one head and a cross", "humiliate" and subtract "the spitz. The building was lowered, as a result of which the proportions of the temple turned out to be disproportionate and the temple found itself without the usual altar part from the east.
However, the interior decoration of the temple impressed both the Old Believers and those who fought with them.
The walls and vaults were painted in the Old Russian style, the temple was decorated with huge candlesticks, icon lamps, chandeliers. The cathedral housed the richest collection of ancient Russian icons
XIII-XVII centuries And today you can see rare icons here, for example, an icon depicting the Oglavny Savior of the XIV century.
In the 19th century, on major holidays, this huge temple barely accommodated the pilgrims who came from all over Moscow. "Before the ancient icons in precious vestments, shining with gold and stones, pood candles were lit, the service proceeded decorously with all observance of the charter, a good choir of singers sang in the choir in the old way."
The temple inside is really very beautiful and austere. The icons are amazing - old, prayed for.
There are no such people as they write now, as Palekh pictures.
Under Catherine II and Alexander I, the Old Believer cult was not persecuted and the temples of the Rogozhsky cemetery prospered, but since the accession to the throne of Nicholas I, hard times began for the Old Believers.
In 1827, Old Believers were prohibited from accepting priests who were transferred from the official church. But they accepted it anyway. There were many reception places, although Irgiz and Kerzhenets were ruined.
On July 7, 1856, at the insistence of Metropolitan Philaret, the altars of the Intercession Cathedral and the Church of the Nativity of Christ were sealed. A thick cord was passed through the walls of the iconostasis and the royal gates, and huge seals lay on it.
The temples turned into simple chapels, and the Church of the Nativity, built by this time, was converted into one of the same faith. Only on April 17, 1905, on the basis of the tsarist manifesto on religious tolerance, the Rogozhsky altars were unsealed, and the liturgy was resumed in the churches.
By the mid-1930s, almost all Moscow Old Believer churches were closed, but in the Intercession Cathedral, unlike other churches in the Rogozhsky cemetery, services did not stop, although there were attempts to take away the temple and turn it into a theater.
Shrines from the closed Moscow Old Believer churches were transferred here, singers from closed Old Believer churches, in which there were strong singing schools (Karinkinskaya, Apukhtinskaya, Zamoskvoretskaya), also moved here.
Services were conducted here during the war.
Now services are held here every day. All the most important events in the Old Believer world of Russia take place in the Intercession Cathedral.
So, in 2005, the 100th anniversary of the unsealing of the altars was celebrated here.
Today, the unsealing of the altars is solemnly celebrated annually on the Day of the Myrrh-Bearing Wives; on this day, a particularly solemn service is held here, which is attended by the priesthood and laity from different parts of Russia.
An evening of spiritual chants is also traditionally held.
Church-bell tower of the Resurrection of Christ.
Since 1947 - the church-bell tower of the Assumption of the Mother of God.
Next to the Intercession Church rises the church-bell tower of the Resurrection of Christ with one high dome and two lower side ones.
The bell tower was erected in 1907-1912 in memory of the printing of the altars of the churches of the Rogozhsky cemetery by the architect Fyodor Fedorovich Gornostaev.
The bell tower was erected in two years, it took several more years to finish it, six months after the start of work on the bell tower, bells weighing 1000, 360 and 200 pounds were raised, and in September
In 1909, a cross was installed on the dome of the bell tower.
In 1913, a small Resurrection Church was consecrated in the lower tier of the bell tower.
The iconostasis of the temple was decorated with ancient icons of Novgorod and Moscow writing of the 15th-17th centuries.
A storage room for rare books and ancient manuscripts was also arranged in the bell tower.
The funds for the construction of the church-bell tower were donated by the families of famous Old Believer entrepreneurs: Kuznetsov, Morozov, Pugovkin, Rakhmanov.
The bell tower has a height of about 80 meters, which is only a meter lower than the Ivan the Great bell tower in the Kremlin, and is a semblance of ancient pillar-like temples and belfries.
The facade of the bell tower is decorated with relief images of the owl bird - the pelican. One of the ancient symbols of Christ.
In the mid-1920s, the bells were removed from the bell tower, and in 1933 the Church of the Resurrection of Christ was closed.
Unique books and manuscripts were transferred to the Lenin Library, and the bells were removed and sent for melting. The largest bell was given to the Moscow Art Theater.
The bell tower building was used as a warehouse.
After a thunderstorm in 1938, a huge cross fell from it. During the war, an explosion destroyed the porch and the lower part of the bell tower. But the building itself survived, and in 1947 the bell tower was transferred to the Old Believer Archdiocese.
Soon the temple was restored, an extension was made to it in the name of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos and the temple was rededicated in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God.
In 1990, the bell was again raised on the bell tower, cast in 1910 by the efforts of the hereditary honorary citizen Feodosia Ermilovna Morozova at the plant of the partnership of P.I. Olovyanishnikov (as evidenced by the inscription on the bell) and since the 1930s. stored at the Moscow Art Theater.
Bell weighs 262 pounds 38 pounds (4293 kg.).
Now the premises for the library have been restored in the bell tower, and exhibitions of rare books, manuscripts, and church utensils are held in the chambers on the first and second floors.
Church of the Nativity of Christ of the Rogozh community.
Winter (warm) church in the name of the Nativity of Christ.
The winter one-domed church in the name of the Nativity of Christ, located to the south of the Intercession Cathedral, was built in 1804 according to the project of the architect I. D. Zhukov "with the permission of the Moscow mayor A. A. Bekleshev", who was in a quarrel with Metropolitan Platon, an ardent opponent of the Old Believers ...
The temple had a heating system and was used for divine services from the Intercession (October 14) to Holy Saturday of the next year, the rest of the time the services were conducted in the unheated Intercession Cathedral. Inside the church, two independent boundaries were built, consecrated in the name of St. Nicholas, the Archbishop of the Miracle Worker of Mirlikia and the Archangel Michael.
The temple was decorated with murals in the ancient style and many icons. The altars of the Church of the Nativity were sealed on July 7, 1856 until April 16, 1905, at which time the temple acted as a chapel. In 1812, the temple was robbed by the French, as evidenced for a long time by icons with traces of saber blows.
Since the first half of the 19th century, in addition to divine services, church cathedrals and conferences have been held here.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the temple served as the venue for several Old Believer cathedrals.
In 1929, the Church of the Nativity was closed.
In the 1920s, the dome and rotunda were damaged by fire and were dismantled, the wall paintings were destroyed, and the liturgical utensils were rastascan.
On August 25, 2008, during the afterfeast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, at the Church of the Nativity of Christ in Rogozhskaya Sloboda, the frame of the dome was restored, which had been absent from this church for more than 70 years.
On December 2, 2008, a solemn ceremony of installing the cross on the dome of the temple took place.
Together with the installed cross, the height of the temple was 47 meters.
On December 24, 2008, the temple was completely freed from scaffolding.
Opposite the Church of the Nativity of Christ there are two two-storey buildings from the mid-19th century.
Before the revolution, one of them housed monastic cells, the other served as a priest's house.
At the entrance to the complex, we are greeted by the Balashevs' two-story almshouse with a hotel for pilgrims. It is still used as a hotel for pilgrims.
The church of St. Nicholas, Archbishop Mir of Lycia, the Wonderworker, is located in the corner of the northern part of the Rogozhsky village, in front of the entrance to the cemetery of the same name.
Nikolsky Cathedral, crowned with five domes, is a pearl of 19th century church architecture. It resembles a snow-white ship, as if floating between two low hills. Once, before 1934, there was a beautiful pond in front of him, from which the fast river Maya flowed. Due to the numerous underground springs, the water in them was very cold even in the summer. Old-timers remember that rarely did anyone dare to swim even in the hottest season.
The construction of the temple began in the 19th century. on donations from parishioners who converted to common faith from the Old Believers' Belo-Krinitskaya (Austrian) community of priestly consensus, on the site of a small wretched Old Believer chapel of 1771. The construction was given - in agreement with the government of Emperor Nicholas I and the Holy Synod - the highest blessing of the Moscow Metropolitan, St. Philaret (Drozdov). This event is evidenced by the letter of the Metropolitan himself, which has survived to this day in the main altar of the church. When the report of Metropolitan Philaret was presented to the emperor, he wrote on it: "Thank God, a good start."
Back in 1800, the Moscow Metropolitan Plato-in Russia was confirmed by unanimity. According to the definition of the first co-religionist bishop sshmch. Simon (Shleeva), “common belief ... is the totality of the parishes of the Russian Church, united with her in faith, but differing from her in ritual. Unity is a department of the Old Believers, admitted on the basis of unity in faith in communion with the Russian Church ... Unity is the Old Believers reconciled with the Russian and Ecumenical Church "(S. Shleyev Unity in its internal development. M., 2004, p. 7). In the XIX - early. XX century unanimity was considered the “conditional union” of the Old Believers with the Orthodox Church, in contrast to the unconditional accession of the Old Believers to the Orthodox Church, which presupposed a rejection of the old rite. Old Believers who had converted to common faith were allowed to perform services according to the old rites, but only by the priests of the Russian Orthodox Church. Due to the fact that the temple was built exclusively by co-religionists, it began to be officially called the Nicholas Church of the Same Faith at the Ro-Gozhsky cemetery in Moscow.
In those days, the Rogozhsky co-religion community was in the very center of the Old Believer priestly schism and contributed a lot to the spread of unanimity among the Rogozhsky schismatics. However, unanimity here began to assert itself more than half a century later.
The highest was allowed to convert the smallest and wretched St. Nicholas chapel into a church of the same faith. A prominent role in this was played by the first headman of the temple, Vladimir Andreevich Sapelkin (1800-1864). In 1855, he also built the side-altar of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Grand Duke Vladimir.
In a short time, the temple was so decorated with the works of converts that the parishioners who knew the former chapel did not recognize it in its new form.
In subsequent years, under the leadership of the architect N.V. Karneev and at the expense of the merchant Nikandr Matveyevich Alasin, work began on the reconstruction of the entire, already rather dilapidated church. A three-tiered bell-and-column was rebuilt with a hip top and two hip hanging weights. The vaults of the main volume of the temple were raised by three arshins. Instead of the Vladimir side-altar in 1872, a northern side-altar was arranged in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, and in 1881 - a southern side-altar in the name of the Three-Handed Icon of the Mother of God. The building became cruciform in plan. The decor used motives of Russian architecture of the 17th century.
Bells with a total weight of 660 pounds were raised on the bell tower. The main one weighed 360 pounds. Unfortunately, they decorated the temple until 1933. Their further fate is not known. Perhaps someday the bells will be found again. 70 years later, new bells appeared on the bell tower, but they are far inferior to the previous ones in sounding power.
The final architectural completion of the temple was received at the beginning of the XX century. Note that the architecture of the temple corresponds to the prevailing in the XIX century. Russian or Byzantine-Russian style. The platbands of the building resemble the forms of the Naryshkin Baroque, and the tent lockers with tiers of keeled kokoshniks are structures of an even earlier period. The completion of the main volume of the church and side-altars is made up of five large blue chapters, with faceted white drums. The central drum is larger than all the others and has windows. Wooden crosses on the heads, in iron shirts. The temple has a polychrome color: the white plane of the wall, red shoulder blades, blue and green details of the cornice, kokoshniks and the decoration of the bell tower.
In Soviet times, despite repeated attempts to close the temple, it did not close. From 1923 to 1994 The Pokrovsky side-altar was transferred by the secular authorities to the Old Believers-Beglopopovtsy and was separated from the main side-altar by a wall, which has now been abolished. Somehow in the 30s of the last century, due to the temporary absence of the father of the abbot, the enemies of the faith decided to hang the castle on the temple. On the night before this event, the highly revered nun Sevastiana (Leshcheva) (+ 1970), who then carried almost all church obediences, saw through the doorway a light-like elder, very similar to the iconographic image of the saint of God, St. Nicholas. The elder looked affectionately at Mona-hiny, blessed with the sign of the cross and became invisible, leaving in her soul a good hope for his heavenly help.
In the 30s of the last century, Orthodox believers from neighboring churches began to come to the temple.
In the 60s, co-religionists, due to their small number, moved to the right side-altar in the name of the Three-Handed Icon of the Mother of God, and the Orthodox - to the main Nikolsky side-altar. At the same time, the icon of the Mother of God "Three-handed" was transferred to the main chapel. After the co-religionists were given the opportunity to perform services in the church of the Mikhailovskaya Sloboda in the Moscow region in 1988, and the Beglopopovites in 1993 - in the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on Novokuznetskaya Street in Moscow, the temple was completely transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.
I would especially like to say about the completely unique architecture of the church of St. Nicholas of Mirliki. Entering the church, the parishioner finds himself in a light and high vestibule, the blue vault of which is decorated with gilded stars. On the right, on the wall in front of the entrance to the main chapel, there is a memorial plaque from the 19th century, on which the words are inscribed about the founders and beautifiers of the temple.
Behind the narthex is the main side-altar, where the gaze of the parishioners is in front of the majestic five-tiered iconostasis, and on the left and right - the aforementioned side-altars: Pokrovsky and the icon of the Mother of God "Three-handed". The interior painting of the temple is made in the Greek style. The icons of the main icon-nostasis are old, well-written, but not paramount. Here are, for example, rare icons of large size - the holy martyr Uar and the Nativity of the honest glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John.
The vault and walls of the main and right side-chapels are decorated with wall paintings depicting scenes from the Holy Scriptures. In the main aisle there are large icons of the Mother of God in arches: "Iverskaya", "Kazan", "Joy of All Who Sorrow", "Unexpected Joy", as well as an icon with five images of the Mother of God. There are also icons of many revered saints: three saints, the Hieromartyr Hermogenes (with a particle of relics), the Blessed Princess Anna of Kashinskaya (with a particle of relics), St. Nicholas of Mirlikia with a life.
One very interesting and instructive parish tradition is associated with the icon of St. Nicholas. The icon itself was brought in 1856 from some northern monastery. And a little earlier, in 1855, the heir to the Russian throne, Grand Duke Nikolai, the son of Emperor Alexander II, who, some time later, sent this icon as a gift to the temple through the metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov), visited the Nikolsky temple. Upon arrival in Moscow, the icon was placed by Metropolitan Philaret on the relics of St. Alexy of Moscow in the Chudov Monastery of the Moscow Kremlin. From there, the next year, it was carried to our temple. The icon was greeted by all the clergy of the same faith, headed by the Metropolitan. The temple could not accommodate all the worshipers, and they stood for seven hours under the scorching rays of the sun. In the bottom line of the icon, there is no empty square in the middle. What does this mean? According to the right-glorious tradition, icons of St. Nicholas have different names, for example: winter Nikola, summer Nikola, wet Nikola, Nikola Zvenigorodsky, etc. In our parish, apparently, since the transfer of the icon to the church, its they call it in a special way - Nicholas Ever-acting, that is, always acting, since the church consciousness has faith that the Lord through his saint Nicholas worked miracles, creates and will work until the end of the century. The unknown pious icon painter, and perhaps not he alone, leaving an empty square, sincerely believed that someday in the future, an extraordinary miracle would take place in front of this icon, which the new icon painter would depict on it. When this happens - soon or not: God knows! But that it will happen without fail - none of the parishioners doubts it.
Each side-altar of St. Nicholas Church has only its own inherent beauty and peculiarity. In the right side-altar of the Mother of God "Three-handed" there are very large icons: the Lord Almighty and St. Nicholas of Myra. But what is especially remarkable, here the soul of the parishioners is pleased and comforted by the icon of the Mother of God "Theodorovskaya". One amazing event is also associated with this icon.
In 1946, a carved kivot was made for this icon. However, it turned out to be three centimeters narrower than the icon itself. Then the carpenters decided, so as not to trouble themselves with parsing the kivot, to saw off the “extra” centimeters from the icon. The work was almost half completed, when suddenly a lightning-forward fire burst out from under the saw. At first the workers were frightened, but after a while, having calmed down a bit, they resumed work. And again a very bright light illuminated everything around, the flame broke away from the icon with force, leaving behind a charred seal and the torn off right corner of the icon. Further work of the master was stopped, they called the father of the abbot and with horror told about the event. The next day this was reported to the Moscow Patriarchate. But since the times were not easy for the Church at that time, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy I suggested that this event should not be made public. The torn-off piece of juice was glued to the icon, but a trace of it in the form of a seam is still visible. And this extraordinary miracle was forever imprinted in the memory of the parishioners.
Among the especially revered shrines of the temple, sixteen particles of the relics of saints who were glorified before the Lord should also be attributed.
In 2013-2014 the complex restoration of the temple was carried out. In April 2014, the main - Nikolsky - side-chapel was consecrated. The chapels in honor of the Mother of God - Pokrovsky and "Three-handed" - are still awaiting their illumination.
The parish of the church of St. Nicholas of Mirliki is a small Orthodox family. Everyone who enters the temple is made a real or possible parishioner. And this means that he finds himself under the blessed shelter of the Most Holy Theotokos and the prayerful protection of St. Nicholas. Silence, reverent services, the very environment of the temple: icons, icon lamps in front of them, candlesticks and much more - can work a miracle and set a person up to become a clean temple himself, to become a "home church" as St. Philosophy. M., 1884, II. P. 293).
In the month of August, I already rented this temple. Then there was a reconstruction, he was in the woods. The reconstruction has now been completed. The temple was painted, some decorative elements were replaced. The only thing I regret is the door to the technical rooms. Now, instead of it, a banal metal door with a peephole. But this does not spoil the overall impression of the temple.
Let's just see the pictures:
Entrance to the right side-chapel.
Bell tower.
Once again the left side chapel.
Entrance to the temple.
Church territory.
Memorial plaque.
The second time I find myself in the central hall of the temple. The murals and iconostasis are well preserved (it seems to me that they are still pre-revolutionary). There are not even attempts to replace something with more modern details. The church is visited by people from nearby houses, of which there are not many in the area. Therefore, everything is very calm and free, even at home. Not for nothing, the address of the temple: Rogozhsky village, 1.
A little help ():
Constructed in 1776, first as an Old Believer chapel of priestly consent on the site of a wooden chapel in 1771, at the expense of the Moscow merchant society of priestly Old Believers, at the Rogozhskoye cemetery (founded in 1771 during the plague epidemic). Rogozhsky name according to the located here in the XVII-XVIII centuries. Rogozhskaya Yamskaya Sloboda, which served the tract on the village. Rogozh (from 1781 - Bogorodsk, after 1917 - Noginsk). Popovtsy - current in the Old Believers, recognizing priests and the church hierarchy. In 1854 the church of St. as one of the same faith (newly blessed), in which the divine service was performed according to the old, pre-Nikon rite, but obeyed in the hierarchical relation to the ROC. Perestroika. in 1863-66 (architect NV Karneev) at the expense of the merchant NM Alyasin. Adj. hipped quadrangular bell tower, raised the vaults of the temple, pristr. two aisles. The main iconostasis is 1905.
Didn't close. In the 1930s, sowing. The side-altar was occupied by the Old Believer community of the Beglopopovites (a trend among the priests, which included fugitive priests who had left the ROC, mainly persons who were hiding from the tsarist authorities), which fenced off it with a blank wall. The main temple and the south. the side-altar of the icon of the Mother of God "Three-handed" until the 1960s were considered to be of the same faith and were administratively subordinate to the Moscow Patriarchate. Since 1989, with a decrease in the number of parishioners, the services of the same faith in the church have ceased. By 1993, the Beglopopovtsy, representing a small group of Old Believers, went to the Church of the Intercession on Novokuznetskaya Street.
The main throne is St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, side-altars - icons of the Mother of God "Three-handed" (south.) And Venerable. Seraphim of Sarov (north). Shrines - in the bottom row of the iconostasis of the icon of the Savior, the Mother of God "Odigitria", St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, "The Nativity of John the Baptist" (XVI-XVII centuries), icons of the Three Saints, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the Mother of God "Three-handed" in the south. aisle, blg. book Anna Kashinskaya with relics, especially revered - the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. At the church there is a children's Sunday school and a library.
In the second half of the XIX century. the merchant N.M. Alasin sponsored the reconstruction of the Nikolsky Church, which by that time had become rather dilapidated. The work was supervised by the architect N.V. Karneev. A three-tiered hipped-roof bell tower with two hipped-roof hanging weights was rebuilt (its main bell weighed 360 pounds). The vaults of the temple itself have become more than 2 meters higher.
Nicholas at the Rogozhskoe cemetery
In 1872, the northern side-altar was consecrated in honor of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos, and in 1881, instead of the Vladimir side-altar, the southern side-altar was arranged and consecrated in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Three-handed". The shape of the building has become cruciform. Decor elements were borrowed from the motives of Russian architecture of the 17th century.
The last changes in the exterior of the Church of Nicholas at the Rogozhskoye cemetery were carried out at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, its architecture corresponds to the Russian or Byzantine-Russian style characteristic of the 19th century.
The interior of the temple is mesmerizing: a high, light vestibule with a blue vault, decorated with gilded stars; the pompous five-tiered iconostasis in the main church amazes with ancient rare icons; beautiful painting in the Greek style; the vaults and walls of the side-chapels are decorated with biblical scenes.
In Soviet times, the monastery was not closed, but now it is wholly owned by the RCP.
Old Believers began to build in 1791. They received permission from the Moscow authorities, attracted the architect M.F. Kazakov, who decided to build a large building in the classicism style, and began to lay the monastery. However, the plans had to be revised ...
Metropolitan Gabriel of St. Petersburg complained to Catherine II about the construction of a temple exceeding the volume of the Assumption Cathedral, which clearly humiliates the first in Russia. After debriefing, it was ordered to adjust the building plan.
So the altar apse was eliminated, the church spire was reduced in size, and instead of five chapters it turned out to be one. The cathedral has three portals - the northern, southern and western (where the entrance is located), as well as the northern and southern side-altars - in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and Sergius of Radonezh, respectively.
In 1856, through the efforts of Metropolitan Filaret, the altars of the churches at the churchyard were sealed. They were printed in 1905, and the Old Believers still consider that day a holiday. In honor of the joyous event in 1910 it was built.
Voskresenskaya at the Rogozhskoye cemetery
The architect of the temple was FF Gornostaev (in addition, the most famous historian of Russian architecture). The height of the structure is about 80 meters, and the largest bell weighed 1000 pounds (more than 16 tons). The façade of the bell tower adorned with relief images of birds of paradise and an owl (pelican) feeding the chicks with its blood.
At the base of the bell tower there was a small Resurrection Church. Its interior was decorated with paintings in the Novgorod style of the 16th century; its iconostasis consisted of ancient icons. The second tier housed a book depository.
In 1933 g. Resurrection temple was closed. His books and manuscripts were sent to the Leninist library, and most of the bells were melted down. A warehouse was set up in the building.
During the war, it was decided to blow up the bell tower so that it would not attract the attention of German artillery. They planted explosives, an explosion occurred, but the building survived. Only a crack appeared along its entire length. In some places it is still visible today.
Resurrection Church at the Rogozhskoye cemetery
After the war, the church-bell tower was transferred to the Archdiocese. The temple was soon restored, an extension was made to it and consecrated in the name of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos. In 1990, a huge bell was again hoisted on the bell tower (it is preserved in the Moscow Art Theater). And in the 2000s, restoration of its facades was carried out.
In December 2013, restored crosses were installed on the domes of the church, solemnly consecrated by Metropolitan Cornelius. On February 1, 2015, the bell tower was consecrated in the name of the Resurrection of Christ.
Now there is an archive of ancient books here, open to everyone who wants to get acquainted with the history of ancient Orthodoxy (Old Believers).
Today the Intercession Cathedral and the Resurrection Bell Tower are objects of cultural heritage of federal significance.
Behind the Church of the Intercession is the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, built in 1776 on the site of the original wooden chapel. Has side-altars - the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos, the icon of the Mother of God "Three-handed", the Monk Seraphim of Sarov. Nikolsky temple in 1854 was transferred to co-religionists. If you go through the covered passage connecting the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the former cells, you can get to the Old Believers' Rogozhskoye cemetery.
Back in 1771, at the Rogozhskoye cemetery, a wooden chapel was built in the name of St. Nicholas, which five years later was replaced by a stone church that still exists today. The church was built in 1776 and originally belonged to the Rogozhskaya Old Believer community. Temple in the name of Nicholas the Wonderworker, built at the expense of Moscow merchants-Old Believers. After the Unity of Belief was approved in Russia in 1800 by Metropolitan Plato of Moscow, in 1854 the temple was handed over to the co-religionists and became officially called the Nicholas Church of the Unity at the Rogozhskoye cemetery in Moscow. The church was rebuilt in the Russian style at the expense of the merchant N.M. Alyasin in 1866 according to the project of the architect N.V. Karneev. A three-tiered bell tower with a hipped roof was erected anew, on which bells with a total weight of 660 pounds were raised, the main of which weighed 360 pounds. Instead of the Vladimir side-altar in 1872, a northern side-altar in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was arranged, and in 1881 - a southern side-altar in the name of the Mother of God "Three-handed". In Soviet times, the temple was not closed. From 1923 to 1993 The Pokrovsky side-chapel was transferred to the Old Believers-Beglopopovtsy and was separated from the main side-chapel by a wall, which has now been abolished. The main temple and the south side chapel until the 1960s. was listed as one of the same faith. In 1988, the church of the Mikhailovskaya Sloboda of the Moscow Region was provided to co-religionists for the performance of services. The runners in 1993 went to the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on Novokuznetskaya Street. At the same time, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker at the Rogozhskoye cemetery was completely transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. Since the 1970s, the church has undergone numerous renovations, both inside and out. Currently, the temple has the main throne of St. Nicholas, side-altars of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos and the icon of the Mother of God "Three-handed", the Monk Seraphim of Sarov. The church has a Sunday school and a library. To the west of the Nikolsky Church is the house of the Moscow Old Believer Archbishop connected to it by a covered passage.
The church of St. Nicholas of Mirliki is located in the corner of the northern part of the Rogozhsky village, in front of the entrance to the cemetery of the same name. Nikolsky Cathedral, crowned with five domes, is a pearl of church architecture of the 19th century. It resembles a snow-white ship, as if floating between two low hills. Once, before 1934, a beautiful pond stretched out in front of him, from which a fast rivulet May flowed out. Due to the numerous underground springs, the water in them was very cold even in the summer. Old-timers remember that rarely did anyone dare to swim even in the hottest season. The construction of the temple began in the 19th century. on donations from parishioners who converted to Unity from the Old Believers' Belo-Krinitskaya (Austrian) community of priestly consent, on the site of a small wretched Old Believer chapel of 1771. The construction was given - in agreement with the government of Emperor Nicholas I and the Holy Synod - the highest blessing of the Moscow Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov). This event is evidenced by the Letter of the Metropolitan himself, which has survived to this day in the main altar of the church. When the report of Metropolitan Philaret was presented to the emperor, he wrote on it: "Thank God, a good start." As early as 1800, Unity Belief was established in Russia by Metropolitan Plato of Moscow. Old Believers who had converted to Unity were allowed to perform divine services according to the old rites, but only by the priests of the Russian Orthodox Church. In view of the fact that the temple was built exclusively by co-religionists, it began to be officially called the Nikolo-Edinovo Church at the Rogozhsky cemetery in Moscow. In those days, the Rogozhsky co-religion community was in the very center of the Old Believer priestly schism and contributed a lot to the spread of Unity among the Rogozhsky schismatics. However, Unity here began to assert itself more than half a century later. The highest was allowed to convert the smallest and wretched St. Nicholas chapel into the Church of the Common faith. A prominent role in this was played by the first headman of the temple, Vladimir Andreevich Sapelkin (1800-1864). In 1855, he also built the side-altar of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Grand Duke Vladimir. In a short time, the temple was so decorated with the works of new converts that the parishioners who knew the former chapel did not recognize it in its new form. In subsequent years, under the leadership of the architect N.V. Karneev and at the expense of the merchant Nikandr Matveyevich Alasin, work began on the restructuring of the entire, already rather dilapidated church. The three-tiered bell tower with a hipped roof and two hipped hanging weights was rebuilt. The vaults of the main volume of the temple were raised by three arshins. Instead of the Vladimir side-altar in 1872, a northern side-altar in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was arranged, and in 1881 - a southern side-altar in the name of the Mother of God "Three-handed". The building became cruciform in plan. The decor used motives of Russian architecture of the 17th century. Bells with a total weight of 660 pounds were raised on the bell tower. The main one weighed 360 pounds. Unfortunately, they decorated the temple until 1933. Their further fate is unknown. Perhaps someday the bells will be found again. 70 years later, new bells appeared on the bell tower, but they are far inferior to the previous ones in sounding power. The temple received its final architectural completion already at the beginning of the 20th century. Note that the architecture of the temple corresponds to the prevailing in the XIX century. Russian or Byzantine-Russian style. The platbands of the building resemble the forms of the Naryshkin Baroque, and the hipped roof lockers with tiers of keeled kokoshniks are structures of an even earlier period. The completion of the main volume of the church and side-altars is made up of five large blue chapters, with faceted white drums. The central drum is larger than all the others and has windows. Wooden crosses on the heads, in iron shirts. The temple has a polychrome color: the white plane of the wall, red blades, blue and green details of the cornice, kokoshniks and the decoration of the bell tower. In Soviet times, despite repeated attempts to close the temple, it did not close. From 1923 to 1994 The Pokrovsky side-altar was transferred by the secular authorities to the Old Believers-Beglopopovtsy and was separated from the main side-altar by a wall, which has now been abolished. Somehow in the 30s of the last century, due to the temporary absence of the father of the abbot, the enemies of the faith decided to hang the castle on the temple. On the night before this event, the highly revered nun Sevastiana Leshcheva (1970), who then carried almost all church obediences, saw through the doorway a light-like elder, very similar to the icon-painting image of Saint Nicholas, the Pleasant of God. The elder looked affectionately at the nun, blessed the sign of the cross and became invisible, leaving in her soul a good hope for his heavenly help. In the 30s of the last century, Orthodox believers from neighboring churches began to come to the temple. In 1960, the co-religionists, due to their small number, moved to the right side-altar in the name of the Three-Handed Icon of the Mother of God, and the Orthodox - to the main Nikolsky side-altar. At the same time, the icon of the Mother of God "Three-handed" was transferred to the main chapel. After in 1988, fellow believers were given the opportunity to perform services in the church of the Mikhailovskaya Sloboda, Moscow Region, and in 1993, in the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on Novokuznetskaya Street in the city of Beglopopovtsy. Moscow, the temple was completely transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. I would especially like to say about the completely unique architecture of the church of St. Nicholas of Mirliki. Upon entering the church, the parishioner finds himself in a light and high vestibule, the blue vault of which is decorated with gilded stars. On the right, on the wall in front of the entrance to the main chapel, there is a memorial plaque from the 19th century, on which the words are inscribed about the founders and beautifiers of the temple. Behind the narthex is the main chapel, where the parishioner's gaze is faced with a majestic five-tiered iconostasis, and on the left and right - the aforementioned chapels: Pokrovsky and the icon of the Mother of God "Three-handed". The interior painting of the temple is made in the Greek style. The icons of the main iconostasis are old, well-written, but not paramount. Here are, for example, rare icons of large size - the holy martyr Uar and the Nativity of the honest glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John. The vault and walls of the main and right side-chapels are decorated with wall paintings depicting scenes from the Holy Scriptures. In the main aisle there are large icons of the Mother of God, in the arches: "Three-handed", "Iverskaya", "Kazan", "Joy of All Who Sorrow", "Unexpected Joy", as well as an icon with five images of the Mother of God. There are also icons of many revered saints: the Three Hierarchs, the Hieromartyr Hermogenes (with a particle of relics), the Blessed Princess Anna of Kashinskaya (with a particle of relics), St. Nicholas of Myra with his life. One very interesting and instructive parish tradition is associated with the icon of St. Nicholas. The icon itself was brought in 1856 from some northern monastery. And a little earlier, in 1855, the heir to the Russian throne, Grand Duke Nikolai, the son of Emperor Alexander II, who, some time later, sent this icon to the temple through Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov), visited the Nikolsky temple. Upon arrival in Moscow, the icon was placed by Metropolitan Philaret on the relics of St. Alexy of Moscow in the Chudov Monastery of the Moscow Kremlin. From there, the next year, she was transferred to our church. The icon was greeted by all the clergy of the same faith, headed by the Metropolitan. The temple could not contain all the worshipers, and they stood for seven hours under the scorching rays of the sun. The bottom line of the icon has an empty square in the middle. What does this mean? According to the Orthodox tradition, icons of St. Nicholas have different names, for example: winter Nikola, summer Nikola, wet Nikola, Nikola Zvenigorodsky, etc. In our parish, apparently, since the transfer of the icon to the church, it is called in a special way - Nikola the Incessant, i.e. always valid. Since the church consciousness has faith that St. Nicholas worked miracles, does, and will continue to do so until the end of the age. An unknown pious icon painter, and perhaps not he alone, leaving an empty square, sincerely believed that sometime in the future an extraordinary miracle would take place in front of this icon, which the new icon painter would depict on it. When this happens - soon or not: God knows! But that it will happen without fail - none of the parishioners doubts it. Each side-altar of St. Nicholas Church has only its own inherent beauty and peculiarity. In the right side-altar of the Mother of God "Three-handed" there are very large icons: the Lord Almighty and St. Nicholas of Mirliki. But what is especially remarkable, here the soul of the parishioners is pleased and comforted by the icon of the Mother of God "Theodorovskaya". One amazing event is also associated with this icon. From the lips of old parishioners, I have heard the following more than once. In 1946, a carved kivot was made for this icon. However, it turned out to be three centimeters narrower than the icon itself. Then the carpenters decided, so as not to trouble themselves with parsing the kivot, to saw off the “extra” centimeters from the icon. The work was almost half done, when suddenly lightning fire burst out from under the saw. At first, the workers were frightened, but after a while, having calmed down a bit, they resumed work. And again, a very bright light illuminated everything around, the flame tore away with force from the icon, leaving behind a charred seal and the torn off right corner of the icon. Further work of the master was stopped, they called the father of the abbot and with horror told about the event. The next day this was reported to the Moscow Patriarchate. But since the times were not easy for the Church at that time, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy I suggested that this event should not be made public. The piece that was torn off was glued to the icon, but a trace from it in the form of a seam is still visible. And this extraordinary miracle was forever imprinted in the memory of the parishioners. Years pass ... There are fewer and fewer witnesses of that amazing event. Therefore, on the advice of the late respected church church leader Pavel Ivanovich Bulychev (2000), I decided to preserve in writing such a wonderful reminder of the Mother of God herself from oblivion. Five years ago, in 2002, this icon was restored using church funds, and parishioners saw their native, original image of the Most Pure Face. Among the especially revered shrines of the temple, sixteen particles of the relics of saints glorified before the Lord should also be attributed. They are brought out of the main altar for worship on Saturdays and holidays. Already in our time, since the 1970s, the temple has been repeatedly restored both inside and outside. Restoration work is ongoing. Currently, the northern Pokrovsky side-chapel is being restored. The work is coming to an end. With the help of one God-loving family, a beautiful semi-antique oak iconostasis was built and several new icons were painted by the zeal of parishioners. http://uv-vikariatstvo.ru/index.php/hramy/khram-mirlikiyskogo
