The history of the world has already met dozens of specialists in oratory, whose speeches we still remember. The most recent geniuses of this art were Hitler, Khrushchev, and other politicians who held a campaign speech. More often, it is politicians who give an example of how to turn ordinary speech into something more, an element of history. You should know that writing texts for speeches brings money, because the topic of the speech can be any, including earnings.
But it is not always the case. For example, the last "strong" speech was given by Steve Jobs in 2005, and it was not a presentation of a new product. With the help of oratory, he encouraged students at Stanford University to strive for dreams and about the benefits of looking for opportunities in life's failures. Using the techniques of speech, Jobs touched on vital topics, endearing himself to the audience, and the speech went down in history.
For some, this is a hobby, while someone studies eloquence so that the presentation will receive the highest marks and be useful.
“Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved it. You need to find what you love. And this is as true for work as it is for relationships. Your work will fill most of your life and the only way to be completely satisfied is to do what you think is a great thing. And the only way to do great things is to love what you do. If you haven't found your business yet, look for it. Do not stop. As with all things of the heart, you will know when you find it. And like any good relationship, it gets better and better with age. So seek until you find. Do not stop".
“Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't fall into the trap of dogma that says to live on other people's thoughts. Don't let the noise of other people's opinions drown out your inner voice. And most importantly: have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know who you really want to be. Everything else is secondary."“Stay hungry. Stay reckless."
If you analyze any speech by Steve Jobs, you will notice that it resembles a conversation - it is very understandable, natural and laid-back. Constant pauses, which are an integral part of speech, give emotionality to the text.
Despite the fact that this speech is considered one of the best delivered in modern times, some experts believe that Jobs lacks the correct gestures and body movements and the speech is not the limit of oratory. But do not forget that for this person this was not an activity, rather it was a hobby and duties, as the owner of the company. By the way, the presentation of new technology always looked very exciting.
Where can you find this art?
Yes, almost everywhere, in everyday life, we are constantly surrounded by such moments. Sports, friendships or other part of your life is filled with them. Maybe you don't always remember it, but if sport is a part of your life for you, then where do you look for motivation? That's right, in the words of athletes when they talk in public about their results. Sport, like business or war, requires motivation.
What is the art of oratory
If the topic of eloquence is a hobby for you, then you can not delve too deeply into the subtleties, but you should know the basic components of a good speech.
- Training. The key to a successful performance depends on your preparation for it. The clothes in which the performance will take place require careful selection.
It is important for a girl not to wear a lot of makeup and to have a modest appearance. This will put the audience at ease and not be distracting.
For men, it is important to look neat and ironed. Show success and confidence, otherwise the listener may simply not attach due importance to the words.
You need to pay attention to the elements depending on your audience. Indeed, for businessmen, money and the high cost of style will be an important element. For schoolchildren or students, a simpler and more casual look is suitable.
- Introduction. You can start with a story from life or an unusual phrase that should hook the listener. This technique is called "hook". In the speech of Steve Jobs, which we talked about above, the “hook” was used in the form of a joke.
Always use pauses between main parts of speech. It helps to digest what has been said and at the same time you can see the reaction of people.
Oratory is based on the ability to draw images, but only the right images. It should be what can be visually represented, and if it's about numbers, then you need to use slides or translate into something that can be visually measured.
- Main part. Of course, there are no specific rules for the main part, but a couple of tips can be given. Break the speech into blocks in a logical way so that it is clear where you are moving into another part of the speech.
Do not make a monologue out of the speech, otherwise the listeners will simply get bored and will feel like guests. Ask rhetorical or direct questions, draw someone from the audience into a conversation, you can call on the stage. Ask to do something. Talk energetically.
- Conclusion. You can end your speech with a beautiful phrase or take a step back. No need to stretch the conclusion and tell something else.
You can emphasize the main thing from the speech and at the end start to lower the tone. Then everyone will understand that the performance is over. The art of ending a speech briefly and clearly requires mandatory practice.
- Personal examples and stories. Now it is difficult to surprise with some facts or insert something completely new for the target audience into the text of the main part.
Therefore, personal stories are on a par with pauses and images in the foundations of the art of successful performance. Let's say if you are a businessman, it would be good to tell you how you earned your first money. Telling a story from life, you bring the viewer closer to you, give you the opportunity to imagine yourself in your place. And if you write a speech correctly, then you can integrate key points into the story and convey the necessary information to the viewer.
Genre of speech
Oratory is divided into types and a person can delve into any genre. Here are the main directions of this art:
- scientific genre;
- political;
- judicial speech;
- church genre;
- other types of eloquence.
Money as the goal of oratory
Currently, trainings and seminars, where the topic of how to make money is discussed, has swept the Internet. Actually, the Internet has contributed to this. He opened up opportunities for earning, and hence for learning. After all, before the main source of self-study was the book.
An example of speeches by millionaires at universities or online seminars in the Internet space - this all relates to business topics, where the main task is to make money. The purpose of these speeches is to motivate the listener, charge them with emotions and the desire to do something. All this is driven by the desire to have a lot of money and be independent. A good way to convert the knowledge of oratory into money is to open a school for the practice and study of eloquence.
court speech
Judicial speech as a genre came to us from ancient Greece. In connection with the growth of the population, politicians studied oratory, and judicial speech was of great importance at that time. The fate of a politician could be decided by the ability to speak in public. In Greece, this skill was trained and paid a lot of money for it.
Since in the courts at that time everyone had to defend himself, citizens who had money paid logographers for the text, and court speech made it possible to avoid punishment.
The court speech, like any other, consisted of an introduction, main part and conclusion. The man thus tried to pity the judges and make them believe that his court speech was not fictitious.
Judicial practice in ancient times was the property of the people, and many people gathered for the court, so it was problematic to speak without proper preparation.
Judicial speech, as a genre, has a place to be and develop in modern times and can bring money to professionals. All prosecutors and lawyers prepare the text of the speech in advance, this is what distinguishes a good lawyer. In order for a court speech to impress the judge and jury, techniques in rhetoric are used.
An example of Lincoln's speech
In 1863, a few months after the bloody battle, Lincoln delivered the famous Gettysburg Address. There is no need to talk about oratory and attitude to professional rhetoric here, there simply would not be enough space for receptions in it. But the text written by Lincoln, forced to shed tears and cling to the soul
The public speech lasted only about two minutes, but history will not forget those two minutes. As a result, this speech was carved on a monument in the Lincoln Memorial.
“Eighty-seven years have passed since our fathers founded a new nation on this continent, owing its birth to freedom and devoting itself to proving that all people are born equal.”
“Now we are going through the great test of civil war, which will decide whether this nation, or any nation like it by birth or calling, is able to endure. We met on the field where the great battle of this war was fought. We have come to consecrate a part of this land - the last resting place of those who gave their lives for the life of this nation. And that in itself is quite appropriate and worthy.”
“But still it is not in our power to consecrate this field, make it sacred, spiritualize this land. By the deeds of the brave men, the fallen and the living, who fought here, this land is already sacred, and it is not in our modest power to add or subtract anything. What we say here will only be glimpsed and soon forgotten, but what they did here will never be forgotten. Let us, the living, devote ourselves to the unfinished business that these warriors were doing here. Let us dedicate ourselves here to the great work that lies ahead of us, and be even more determined to give ourselves to the goal to which those who have fallen here have given themselves to the end. Let us solemnly swear that their death will not be in vain, that this God-protected nation will find renewed freedom, and that the power of the people, by the will of the people and for the people, will not disappear from the face of the earth.
Historians say that Lincoln decided to write the text for the speech himself, taking as a basis the principle of equality from the Declaration of Independence and relying on the great figures of the past. According to eyewitnesses, the speech was so strong that it made the people believe that all the victims were not in vain, and they are not fighting against other states, but are fighting for the freedom of the people and the future of their native state. Just one text allowed people to unite, like a family, to resist the enemy.
Example of Chaplin's text
Charlie Chaplin's speech test is called in Russian translation "How I fell in love with myself" and became our story and the main speech of a person. He said it on his seventieth birthday.
True, there are rumors that in fact the example of the text could have been written by fans from Brazil. There is no clear evidence that this was the work of Charlie Chaplin, as well as exact evidence of forgery.
Despite this, the speech on the topic of self-love turned out great and deserves attention - this is an example that you can use for your own purposes.
“When I fell in love with myself, I realized that longing and suffering are only warning signs that I am living against my own truth. Today I know it's called "BE YOURSELF".
When I fell in love with myself, I realized how much you can offend someone if you impose on him the fulfillment of my own desires, when the time has not yet come, and the person is not yet ready, and this person is myself. Today I call it “SELF-RESPECT”.
When I fell in love with myself, I stopped wanting another life, and suddenly I saw that the life that surrounds me now provides me with all the opportunities for growth. Today I call it "MATURE".
When I fell in love with myself, I realized that under any circumstances I am in the right place at the right time, and everything happens only at the right moment. I can always be calm. Now I call it "SELF CONFIDENCE".
As I began to love myself, I stopped stealing my own time and dreaming of big future projects. Today I only do what gives me joy and makes me happy, what I love and what makes my heart smile. I do it the way I want and at my own pace. Today I call it SIMPLE.
When I fell in love with myself, I freed myself from everything that harms my health - food, people, things, situations. All the things that led me down and out of my own way. Today I call it "LOVE FOR YOURSELF".
When I fell in love with myself, I stopped always being right. And that's when I started making fewer and fewer mistakes. Today I realized that this is "MODITY".
When I fell in love with myself, I stopped living in the past and worrying about the future. Today I live only in the present moment and call it "SATISFACTION".
When I fell in love with myself, I realized that my mind can interfere with me, that it can even make me sick. But when I was able to connect him to my heart, he immediately became my valuable ally. Today I call this connection "WISDOM OF THE HEART".
We no longer need to be afraid of arguments, confrontations, problems with ourselves and with other people. Even stars collide, and out of their collisions new worlds are born.Today I know that this is “LIFE”.
Churchill's public speech (part)
Churchill is a master at writing text for speeches. A speech on a military theme in 1940 did not leave anyone indifferent and provides an example to follow.
“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We are facing a severe test. Before us are many long months of struggle and suffering. What is our policy, you ask? I answer: to wage war on sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the power that God can bestow upon us; wage war against a monstrous tyranny that has never been equaled in the grim and mournful list of human crimes.
That is our policy. What is our goal, you ask? I can answer in one word: victory - victory at any cost, victory in spite of all the horrors; victory, no matter how long and thorny the path to it may be; without victory, we will not survive. It is necessary to understand: the British Empire will not be able to survive - everything for which it existed will perish, everything that humanity has defended for centuries, what it has strived for for centuries, and what it will strive for will perish. However, I accept my duties with energy and hope. I am sure that people will not let our cause perish.
Now I feel entitled to demand help from everyone, and I say: "Let's go forward together, joining our forces."
Churchill was allowed to write this text by the techniques of the art of eloquence. Historical this text made directness and honesty of statements.
A month after the speech of the ally of England, the Germans defeated and captured, on this subject he wrote another text and spoke with it. Parts of his speech should be found and read, this is a good example if you want to write a speech or your goal is to make a cool presentation.
Sports, friendship, family, hobbies are topics on which you can write professional texts and apply oratory. Examples or parts of oratory texts can be found on the Internet or seen on television. This is a must if you want to write a text that is good for reading and speaking. A book on public speaking will also help with learning, reading specialized literature has made my ability to properly conduct a dialogue, thanks to which friendship with people has become stronger, and a recent hobby has begun to pay dividends.
Regional intelligence - festival "Politics around us"
Section "Russian language"
Ministry of Education of the Saratov Region
Municipal educational institution
"Secondary school of the village of Pervomaisky"
Sports reporting as a genre of journalism
11th grade student
MOU "Secondary School Pervomaisky"
Saratov region, Dergachevsky district
Pervomaisky settlement, st. Molodezhnaya, 22, apt. 1
Scientific adviser:
Shukhrina Valentina Mikhailovna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
MOU "Secondary School Pervomaisky"
Saratov region, Dergachevsky district,
Content
page Introduction ……………………………………………………... 2 1Features of sports reporting ………………………… .. ………. four
2 The image of a sports report commentator
2.1. Vadim Svyatoslavovich Sinyavsky - the founder of sports reporting ………………………………………………………………………. 5
2.2. Nikolai Nikolaevich Ozerov - an example of the creation of acting in sports journalism ................................... 6
2.3. Modern television commentators………………………………………… 6
3. Analysis of speech style in modern sports reporting…………… 8
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 13
List of used literature……………………………………… 14
Application (presentation)
Introduction
The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that recently an increasing number of people have shown interest in sports. The achievements of our athletes allow the citizens of Russia to be proud of their country. Sports reports attract a lot of attention. The commentator helps people who do not understand the details of sports rules to understand why this or that team won or lost, why the player was fined.
The paper examines the traditions and features of sports reporting, examples of the best football reports and the continuation of these traditions in the activities of modern television commentators. In addition, a study was made of the style of sports reporting. The study of the style of speech within the framework of a sports report helped to find out how a sports report is rich, expressive and attractive to the audience that perceives it.
object research is television sports reporting as a genre of journalism.
Subject studies are sports reports D. Guberniev.
Target of this work is to consider the features of sports reporting from the point of view of linguistics, which implies the solution of a number of specifictasks:
Description of sports reporting as a genre, analysis of the features of this type of speech;
Analysis of the image of a commentator, ways of expressing thoughts in a sports report.
Work structure is conditioned by the tasks set and includes three chapters: a description of a sports report, an analysis of the stylistic and compositional features of a sports report, and consideration of specific examples. The main conclusions are summarized in the conclusion.
Practical value of this work is that the results of the study can be used in the lessons of the Russian language, as well as the knowledge of children in the field of sports journalism will expand.
Mainhypothesis of this study is that the entertaining form of presenting information about a sporting event determines the structure of a sports report, as well as the journalist's choice of stylistic means of influencing the reader.
Chapter 1 Special Features of Sports Reporting
Reporting from a sports competition is the leading genre of modern journalism, which has the richest traditions in domestic television and radio broadcasting, glorified by the names of remarkable masters of sports journalism, such as V. Sinyavsky, N. Ozerov, V. Maslachenko.
Translated from Latin, the word “reportare” means “to transmit”, “to report”. In the 19th century, newspaper pages began to appear materials about the course of court hearings, meetings of various societies, which began to be called reports.
The essence of a sports report is a description of the event directly occurring on the spot. The commentator should be able to supplement the story about what is happening with other relevant information. If we talk, for example, about football - the most rated sport - what is happening on the playing field provides an excellent opportunity for a diverse and meaningful connection of the two main elements of the report - description and additional information. It is not enough for listeners to know in which half of the field the ball is currently located, who passed it to whom and where such and such a midfielder is running. You can tell how many people are in the stadium, what are the weather conditions, tell what place the teams occupy in the standings and how the result of the match will affect them in the future. At the same time, the report is not a stringing of statistical data, not a means of demonstrating the commentator's sports erudition. The journalist is obliged to enable the audience to empathize with all the moments of the match.
During a report, a sports commentator has no right to show his own likes and dislikes. He must remember that among the listeners there are adherents of both teams, and those and other athletes. Even if you have to talk about international competitions, when almost the entire audience is worried about their national team, you should maintain objectivity in evaluating performances. In a sports report, sometimes the atmosphere of the competition speaks no less than the most qualified commentary. When the hum of the stands is more expressive than words, the commentator should pause. The sharp whistle of the referee, the indignation of the fans, the tense silence on the sports ground - all these are additional means of expression that should not be neglected.
The problem of language and style is nowhere more acute than in sports reporting. The overly emotional language of the fans is not suitable for a sports commentator. At the same time, the abuse of specific sports jargon is dangerous.
Chapter 2 The image of a commentator in a sports report
Sports enthusiasts from a variety of professions got on television in the Soviet years. But the quality that united them was the love for sports, for competitions, for wrestling. In the traditions of the Soviet school of sports reporting, there was a common culture, goodwill, good Russian, imagery, the ability to create intrigue, to convey the nature of wrestling. The founder of the genre wasVadim Sinyavsky (190601972). The well-known TV commentator Georgy Sarkisyants recalled: “He talked about football matches on the radio so entertainingly that the listeners could not do anything else.” One of the main rules of Vadim Sinyavsky, for example, was never to overwhelm the listener or viewer with his categorical statements.The first football report on television was made by Vadim Sinyavsky in 1951. Sinyavsky did not become as popular a TV commentator as he always was on the radio, but the vast majority of famous Soviet TV commentators called him their teacher. At the request of Sinyavsky, composer Matvey Blanter wrote the "Football March", to the sounds of which all football matches in the USSR began for many years.
The most famous voice for the fans was the voiceNikolai Ozerov who came to television in 1950. Tennis player, Honored Master of Sports, actor of the Moscow Art Theater Nikolai Nikolayevich Ozerov (1922-1997) broadcast the most prestigious international sports competitions for 38 years. According to the memoirs of his contemporaries, his reports charged with positive energy, he always helped novice commentators, did not refuse people help in a variety of situations. Ozerov himself was a good player, and his language style was a model of speech culture.
Nina Alekseevna Eremina (b. 1933) first appeared in the sports edition of the Vremya program on March 14, 1974. Before that, she had already worked as a commentator for 13 years - since 1961 she had been reporting on basketball, volleyball and handball on the radio. Eremina recalled that she was not trained to work on television, but she was taught to work on the radio for four years: they set breathing, diction, taught to follow the stresses, the construction of the phrase, etc. According to her, she learned diction from Vadim Sinyavsky, artistry - Nikolai Ozerov.
In the 2000s, the main commentators on Channel One were Viktor Gusev, Andrey Golovanov, Konstantin Vybornov, Vladimir Gendlin (also works for NTV). The channel tries not to attract former athletes, as athletes, according to the heads of the Sports Broadcasting Directorate, often do not have the correct, literate speech.
Dmitry Viktorovich Guberniev was born in 1974 in the Moscow region. Graduated from the Pedagogical Faculty of the Russian Academy of Physical Culture and the Institute for Advanced Studies of Radio and Television Workers. Master of sports in rowing. Since 1997 - sports commentator of TVC. Since 2000, he has been a sports commentator and host of the Rossiya television company. He comments on cyclical sports - biathlon, cross-country skiing, rowing, swimming. Fans of Guberniev appreciate in him optimism, emotional charge, brightness, charisma, the ability to improvise and create interesting speech turns, as well as patriotism and devotion to "our" athletes.
The owner of outstanding growth and a thunderous voice, Dmitry Guberniev is very emotional. He calls himself a "sick commentator." He likes to tell details about athletes, and sometimes he does it to the point of annoying athletes and fans. He loves sports jargon and professionalism - I am convinced that they adorn the report. When you have to comment on an unfamiliar sport, it attracts experts, special literature and the Internet. At the same time, I am sure that different sports have a different reporting culture. For example, restless biathlon cannot be commented in the same style as elite tennis or "phlegmatic" billiards.
Vladimir Alexandrovich Gomelsky was born in 1953 in Leningrad, in a family of basketball players. Has higher economic and higher sports education. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences. Since 1989 he has been working with television. He commentates on basketball, as well as key world-class sports events, including the Olympic Games. In particular,“commented on the Beijing blanket, under which Elena Isinbayeva was hiding before the jump” . Basketball author.
He believes that a good commentator should always know the answer to the question of what is happening on the site, and most importantly - why. Commenting, Vladimir Gomelsky, according to him, usually imagined that he was doing it for friends, but suddenly he discovered that young people were also watching his reports. Since then, in his reports, he not only analyzes and explains what is happening to experienced fans, but also promotes and educates young spectators, and sees his commentary mission in this - to talk about the rules, about famous athletes in the past, to show newcomers the beauty of basketball.
Vasily Vyacheslavovich Utkin was born in 1972 in Moscow. Father is a physicist, mother is a doctor. He has a higher pedagogical education. Since 1994 - sports journalist. Since 1996 - football commentator . I also had to comment on tennis, rowing and cross-country skiing. The host of the Football Club program, which existed on NTV since 1994 with short interruptions, and since 2005 “moved” to NTV Plus, and which Utkin left from July 2010 to April 2011.
Chapter 3 Speech style analysis in modern sports reporting
In a sports radio report (as opposed to a TV report) you have to give a wider and at the same time more lively commentary, since the listeners cannot see what is happening on the field. Perhaps that is why the speech of commentators, correspondents is more voluminous and colorful. Note that any reportage - television and radio - is characterized by a newspaper-journalistic, and often colloquial-everyday style .. For a more emotional impact on the audience, commentators often turn to irony as a subtle mockery:
“How the midfielder of the Russian national team managed to miss the goal from 10 meters, only he knows”, “Ah, the German woman misses ... it's time to order a memorial service for the German coach”; “that’s all, now even the GRAD system will not help Bjorn-dalen” (D. Guberniev. Biathlon World Championship. Broadcast by Sport. TV channel).
In a modern football television report, repetitions of various types and inversion are frequent as figures of expressive speech: “My fathers, that’s why Janker was needed, why this Janker was needed!” (V. N. Maslachenko. World Championship, the game "Russia" - "Tunisia", 06/05/2002).
For expressiveness of speech in modern sports topics, football vocabulary is sometimes used in a figurative sense: “Valery Gazzaev's hattrick. After victories in the UEFA Cup and the Russian Cup, the army team also won the championship ”(Pryakhin, 2005: 2)..
In the report, both emotionality, vivid epithets, and one's own assessment of the event are appropriate. Often, in search of the right epithet, the commentator finds something quite unusual that can make the viewer smile. This happens not only because of the rich imagination of the commentator, but also because of the extreme conditions in which these words are chosen.
The fact of excessive saturation of the Russian speech of sports journalists with words of foreign origin deserves special attention. And if in different years of the twentieth century. attempts were made (successful and not so) to replace borrowed words with native Russian counterparts, then in recent years this idea was abandoned, and our viewer is already accustomed to foreign special vocabulary, moreover, he himself is trying to use it in everyday life.
The speech of sports journalists on different TV channels today is full of terms copied from English. For example, in broadcasts you can often hear such words as forward, goalkeeper, offside, conner, linesman, insider, which are recorded in dictionaries and have been actively used for several decades. In sports terminology, borrowed words are indeed quite actively used, despite the fact that there are similar words in Russian. During the reporting, in order for the speech to be more beautiful and easy to understand, it is necessary to use as many synonyms as possible. The journalist is faced with a difficult choice: either a set of identical words will sound in each sentence, or he will use foreign or borrowed words.
As in texts of other styles, the use of stamps in teletexts is highly undesirable. Often, instead of sports terminology, the viewer hears commonly used analogues, which are also unacceptable. Examples include expressions that are so common today, such as “leather sphere” (ball), “got Victoria”. Along with stylistically neutral terms, colloquial terms and slang are also used: the upper corner of the gate (neutral) - nine (colloquial); major league (neutral) - tower (slang); yellow card (neutral) - yellow card (slang); field (neutr.) - clearing (colloquial) and garden (field of poor quality, slang). It would seem that their use in large quantities and in those places where they can be replaced by neutral expressions is highly undesirable, since in this case the journalist's speech acquires a colloquial familiar coloring. However, if the commentator wants to make the text expressive or uses colloquial words as synonyms for frequently used neutral terms, then the appearance of such words and expressions can even be considered justified.
In order to perceive the text from the screen, brevity of the phrase is appropriate. So, on the 14-16th word, the ability to perceive the message without tension may be impaired, attention weakens.
Let's analyze the speech of Dmitry Guberniev
Constantly interested in his creative activity, his skill as an orator, I came across unusual, sometimes contradictory, judgments about the commentator Dmitry Guberniev on the Internet. On the one hand, they say about him that he is not just “a good commentator, he is a person who brings a small piece of his soul into each report”, “Guberniev knows how to enchant the listener (and viewer). It is always nice to see a person who is fluent in speech, capable of experimenting and joking ... "," D. Guberniev is smart! On the other hand, there are also such judgments: “However, how D. Guberniev periodically squeals does not make me happy either”, “Guberniev personally scares me with his constant bubbling aimless and meaningless energy” To understand the inconsistency of relations with the commentator, I decided to explore Guberniev's reports from a linguistic point of view. Collecting video recordings of Guberniev's reports, she drew attention to the peculiarities of his speech: the use of colloquial expressions and words.
In my work, I purposefully observe the live speech of sports commentator D. Guberniev in live coverage of the Biathlon World Cup in Austria, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Italy, fixing colloquial phrases, individual words in order to analyze them from the point of view of linguistics.
"Colloquial speech is used in cases where there is an unpreparedness of the speech act, the ease of the speech act and the direct participation of the speakers in the speech act."
It should be noted that in Guberniev’s speech there are “draws” in speech, such as “uh”, “hmm”. However, this forces the viewer to focus their visual attention, to unite in a single experience with the commentator.
As observations have shown, Dmitry Guberniev can be recognized by intonation: rhythmic alternation of stressed and unstressed segments of speech (correct articulation, clarity of pronunciation).
It should be noted that the reportage is a public speech, expressive, saturated with words from different layers of vocabulary. So, for example, there are words of military vocabulary in Guberniev's comments: “attacks” (“overtakes”), “occupies” (“captures”). In this case, the use of such words is justified: they have become the norm in sports reporting, emotionally designate climaxes. Colloquial expressions take on an expressive coloring: “the Germans poked around” (slow down), “she ate Maharani” (overtook), “this is what they are doing” (doing), they make the viewers stop looking, see a decline in the development of the action. Synonyms for the word “well done” are such phrases and words: “Young man, young man, Yaroshenko”, “Katya is a good fellow”, phraseological unit “breathe in the back of the head” - a synonym for “catching up”. Conveying the optimism of the pursuit race, the communicator uses the expression "almost immediately, without swinging" ("outstripped"). In the colloquial expressive speech of Dmitry Guberniev, participles and participles are almost never found. The temporal forms of the verb are used freely, and non-prefixed verbs are changed to prefixed ones: the commentator's intention to involve the viewer-fan in the length of the moment: “the Germans lay down” (cf.: “lay down”) intonation saturates the expression with light irony and intrigue. The use of diminutive suffixes in nouns: “Katya; girls" convey to the viewer and listener a sense of trust, empathy, a kind of family closeness to the athletes (in character, in spirit).
While working on this topic, I decided to find out how passionate my classmates and acquaintances are about sports. I conducted a survey among school students and adults about which commentators they know. As a result, I found out that on the eve of the Winter Olympics in Sochi, interest in sports competitions increased. Everyone noted that they were looking forward to the opening of the games. Among sports commentators the most famous are D. Guberniev, V. Gomelsky. Only 10% and 5% of students and 50% of adults know N. Ozerova and N. Eremina.
Conclusion
Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed that the entertaining form of presenting information about a sporting event determines the structure of a sports report, as well as the journalist's choice of stylistic means of influencing the reader.
Exploring the TV reports of sports commentators, including Dmitry Guberniev's report, determining the role of colloquial words and expressions in the unity of sports information, I made the following conclusions:
Words and expressions of a colloquial style are used by a commentator without special training, they express the emotional mood of sports competitions;
The speech intentions of the commentator allow the use of words and expressions of various styles depending on the situation, the situation of communication.
Speech actions in the use of colloquial vocabulary are aimed at establishing contact with viewers.
Colloquial speech, unlike other varieties of the Russian language, does not follow any special rules, therefore it is widespread among cultural speakers of the Russian language.
List of used literature
Boikova N. G. Reportage // Modern newspaper journalism: Problems of style. - L .: Publishing House of the Leningrad University, 1987.
Kaida L. G. Stylistic resources of modern sports reporting // Sport in the mirror of journalism: about the skill of a sports journalist / Comp. G. Ya. Solganik. - M.: Thought, 1989.
Maidanova L. M., Duskaeva L. R. Genres of journalistic style. Reportage // Stylistic Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language / Ed. M. N. Kozhina. - M.: Flinta: Science, 2003.
Cherepahov M.S. Reportage // Newspaper genres. - M.: Politizdat, 1971.
Shibaeva L. V. Genres in the theory and practice of journalism. - M., 2000.
Shmeleva T.V. Model of speech genre // Genres of speech. - Saratov, 1997.
peoples/state/correspondent/utkin/interview1.html
skisport/doc/read. php? id=215 - official site of the magazine "Skiing"
bbs. nashalife/showthread. php? s=&postid=293097 -forum fans
The ability to speak beautifully is always valuable, and public speeches by famous politicians can change the world. But not all of them are remembered for their significance. Often famous people make unforgivable or rather ridiculous mistakes, and sometimes their speeches have a truly soporific effect. But the most striking performances will forever remain in history.
Fidel Castro records
Exactly 53 years ago, Cuban leader Fidel Castro went down in history and set a Guinness Book record as the politician who gave the longest speech within the walls of the UN. The Prime Ministers, gathered at the XV session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, were forced to listen to him for a whole 4 hours and 29 minutes. After that, restrictions were introduced into the regulations.
But this is far from the only long and fiery speech of Fidel. At the third congress of the Communist Party in Havana in 1986, according to some testimonies, he held the hall for 7 hours and 10 minutes, according to others - as much as 27 hours. And in 2005, when rumors spread that Castro had Parkinson's disease, he spoke for five hours to students and teachers at the University of Havana. All this time, the 79-year-old Comandante spoke standing up and never strayed. Moreover, he claimed at the same time: "I have never felt better than now."
Dreams of Martin Luther King...
On August 28, 1963, African-American preacher Martin Luther King delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech - "I have a dream." A black rights activist in the United States spoke of a future in which people will be equal regardless of skin color. About 300,000 Americans listened to it that day.
I dream that one day in the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit together at a fraternal table, as Martin Luther King saw the future.
This speech went down in history and is still considered one of the best masterpieces of oratory. And in 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize "for his work in favor of the equality of blacks."
…and their opponents
If Martin Luther King Jr. was rather brief in presenting his dream, then her opponents used much more time to convince people. Thus, in 1957, US Senator Strom Thurmond spent 24 hours and 18 minutes trying to prevent the enfranchisement of the black population of the United States. The regulations did not prohibit such long speeches, which the politician took full advantage of. But his idea was in vain - the law was still adopted.
Pope's last word...
In early 2013, Pope Benedict XVI abdicated. The 85-year-old pontiff explained this decision by the fact that he did not have enough strength. On February 27, in the Vatican, the head of the Roman Catholic Church addressed the parishioners for the last time. About 200 thousand people gathered to listen to the speech of Benedict XVI.
I do not renounce the cross, I remain in the bosom of the church. I will no longer be the first person of the church, but I will remain here in the city of St. Peter. The path that I went through is very difficult, but also very happy. I will continue this path with prayer, consecration of myself to the Lord, and I will always do this, - the farewell words of the Pope that day won a lot of applause and went down in history forever.
...and Boris Yeltsin
"I'm tired. I'm leaving" - these words of Russian President Boris Yeltsin became winged. This is how he began his farewell speech. On New Year's Eve, December 31, 1999, in a traditional address to the people, he announced that he was leaving his post. This came as a shock to most people and even to politicians. After all, he planned his speech in secret. And even his wife found out about the resignation only on the morning of December 31, when Boris Yeltsin was going to record the appeal.
By the way, Yeltsin also owns the shortest inaugural speech, he delivered it on August 9, 1996. There were only 33 words in the circulation. The speech was shortened due to the fact that Boris Nikolaevich did not feel well at that time.
Horror stories by Paul Hellier...
A speech delivered by former Canadian Defense Minister Paul Hellier at the Spring 2013 Citizens Hearings on Declassification conference in Washington DC was a bombshell. The politician said that aliens do exist. True, the fact that "UFOs are as real as the planes flying over our heads," Hellier said at a symposium at the University of Toronto as early as September 25, 2005. And yet, the speech at the hearings in front of a solid audience, replete with details and loud statements, became a YouTube super hit. After all, the politician is absolutely convinced of the presence of an alien mind. In addition, he told how many types of aliens visited our planet, and also stated that "there are living aliens living on Earth at the present time." And while two of them work for the US government.
Perhaps the most imaginative and vivid can be called the speeches of the former President of Venezuela Hugo Chavez. An ardent opponent of the United States was remembered by many after his speech at the UN General Assembly on September 20, 2006, where he called the American president the devil. It was about George W. Bush who spoke the day before. At the same time, Chavez, standing on the podium, even crossed himself.
The devil came here yesterday. Yes, he was here yesterday. Right here. And today it still smells of sulfur, - said the President of Venezuela. This 7-minute performance by Chávez caused mixed feelings among the politicians, but the applause in the hall was loud.
By the way
The longest speech in the world belongs to the French official Louis Colet. He spoke non-stop for 124 hours. This fact is recorded in the Guinness Book of Records.
We bring to the attention of readers the full text of Yu. Kokov's speech, distributed on Wednesday evening by the press service of the head and government of the KBR.
Our meeting is one of the first events within the framework of the Year of Culture that has begun in the country.
It should become a year of appeal to the rich heritage of our peoples and modern cultural achievements. Not only people of culture and art, teachers, journalists, employees of museums and libraries, but also political parties, public organizations, in a word, the whole society are called upon to participate in this work.
I hope that in such a professional, caring audience today we will be able to give an objective assessment of the current state of our culture, to discuss the accumulated problems in an unbiased and frank manner, and to outline tasks for the future.
Culture is a multifaceted phenomenon: it is theater and cinema, painting and literature, folk art. We must consider the problems of all cultural genres in the broadest, most capacious sense: from high art, creativity to the culture of everyday life and relations between people.
An important role in the implementation of this task belongs to theaters, which have always played the role of real centers of education and social life. And today it is very important not only to revive, but also to develop, to support interest in the theater in every possible way, to create conditions for talented theatrical performances to be seen not only by the residents of Nalchik, but also by rural residents. We need serious, high-quality productions for children and adolescents that will teach them to think, empathize, and believe in the power of good. It is necessary to educate the new generation of theatrical spectators with a good artistic taste, the ability to understand and appreciate the theatrical, dramatic art.
Much remains to be done to strengthen the material and technical base of theatrical art. First of all, the Musical Theater should be put into operation in the near future. Along with this object, it is necessary to complete the reconstruction of the buildings of the Nalchik Kursaal and the Kabardian Drama Theater. A. Shogentsukov, as well as to work out options for completing the construction of the Palace of Theaters.
Our common task is to draw special attention of society to high-quality literature, to create an environment in the republic in which knowledge of literary classics and modern literature would become good manners.
Today in this hall there are representatives of such an important creative sphere as literature. It is in the book that people find answers to their questions. One of the most numerous and authoritative writers' organizations in the region and in the country has long been formed in our republic. In the recent past, our writers and poets created brilliant works that were admired not only in the republic and in Russia, but throughout the world.
Our common task is to draw special attention of society to high-quality literature, to create an environment in the republic in which knowledge of literary classics and modern literature would become good manners.
It is necessary to instill an interest in reading, in good literature from an early age, so that young readers know not only the classics, but also recognize modern authors and new heroes.
And, of course, it is important to concentrate efforts on solving the problems of the literary sphere. This is the creation of conditions for the creativity of writers and the revival of the traditions of literary criticism, the provision of a balanced publishing work and the active use of the possibilities of libraries.
As for our artists, the Ministry of Culture, together with the Union of Artists of the Republic, should delve deeper into the current problems of artists, help and stimulate the creative process in their desire to create bright, highly artistic, relevant and diverse works of art.
We expect that the Ministry of Culture, in close cooperation with the Union of Composers, will be able to develop and implement a set of measures to ensure the worthy development of the musical art of Kabardino-Balkaria
It is difficult to overestimate the role and importance of musical art in the spiritual life of the people. We have a wonderful galaxy of composers, musicians and performers. Recent years have brought fame to more than a dozen new bright names in the field of contemporary music. But at the same time, it is important to remember the need to preserve and increase everything valuable in the musical culture created by our peoples in the previous period. We must be able to pass on to future generations folk music, folk song as an invaluable gift of our ancestors, at the same time enter the modern world of musical art without losing our individuality.
We hope that the Ministry of Culture, in close cooperation with the Union of Composers, will be able to develop and implement a set of measures to ensure the worthy development of the musical art of Kabardino-Balkaria.
I cannot but dwell on the activities of professional groups and, above all, our dance ensembles.
I want to emphasize that national dances have been and remain the property and pride of the republic, and we will do everything necessary to support our state professional dance ensembles.
We have to do everything necessary to create proper conditions for libraries and those who work in them
Special mention should be made of libraries. The most important function of the library network is to provide the public with free access to textbooks, periodicals and, what is very important, fiction. I think it is clear how important this is for all segments of the population, especially in the matter of educating children. To ensure the full and effective functioning of the library system, it is necessary to solve a number of problems that have accumulated here. This is the repair and equipment of buildings and premises, and most importantly - the replenishment of book funds, ensuring their safety, the introduction of modern information technologies. We must do everything necessary to create the right conditions for libraries and for those who work in them.
This applies equally to museums and museum workers. Our museums have unique exhibits. But in order to ensure their safety, to hold exhibitions, a number of issues related to strengthening and updating the material base, repairing buildings and premises, and ensuring the safety of museum funds will have to be resolved here.
Museums located in the districts require a more careful attitude. Their role and significance are determined not only by the value and number of exhibits, but also by the uniqueness and originality of materials and documents on the history of our peoples. And our duty is with you - to save them, not to lose this priceless heritage.
The performance of the entire cultural system as a whole largely depends on the level of organization of the work of club institutions.
An important role in the moral improvement of society, in familiarizing the population, and especially young people, with national culture and professional art, in organizing cultural leisure belongs to club institutions.
However, the level of work of most of them cannot satisfy us. The activities of many cultural centers, especially in villages, are limited to holding one-time events dedicated to holidays or showing films. The effectiveness of the entire cultural system as a whole largely depends on the level of organization of the work of club institutions. We must do everything necessary to ensure that club institutions function at the level of the requirements of the time, the demands and interests of the population and become genuine centers of culture in the localities. We must revive their work, ensure efficient and rational use, and more actively introduce new forms and methods of work of these institutions.
A culture that withdraws into itself has no future
The most important task remains the preservation of the unique ethnic cultures of the indigenous peoples of the republic, as a natural environment for the existence and development of ethnic groups. Without native languages, without national culture, people of any nationality - Russians, Kabardians, Balkars - would lose a huge part of their personality and soul. Therefore, our duty is to do everything possible so as not to lose even a small part of our spiritual heritage, to ensure equality in the development of languages and national cultures.
At the same time, a culture that closes in on itself has no future. Our peoples have always been distinguished by their readiness to accept other different cultures. And it is very important that there are ample opportunities for this in the republic. We are talking about our national cultural centers. Today we have 18 of them. These are Ossetian "Nykhas", Azerbaijani "Azeri", Armenian "Akhbyur", Tatar "Tugan Tel", Belarusian "Syabry", Polish "Druzhba", Ukrainian "Dnipro", Greek "Elada", Turko- Meskhetian "Vatan", Dagestan "Dagestan", Estonian "Kodumaa", Georgian "Rioni", Terek-Malka Cossack society and Terek-Malka district of the Terek Cossack army, Jewish "Tavushi", Society of Russian history and culture "Veche", Balkar " Alan" and Kabardian "Adyge Khase".
Each national cultural center is unique in its own way, because it represents the original national culture of its people. Together, they enrich the cultural life of Kabardino-Balkaria with the diversity and multicolored languages, traditions, folklore and folk art. And what I would especially like to note is that without exception, all national cultural centers take a balanced constructive position in assessing the development of the socio-political situation in the republic, share successes and failures, joys and bitterness with the titular peoples. I want to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to them for such involvement, for their loyalty and devotion to our common small homeland.
We do and will do everything necessary to ensure that every representative of the non-indigenous inhabitants of Kabardino-Balkaria always and in everything feels comfortable and cozy at home, having an equal opportunity for full self-realization in education and science, culture and art, in public life and in the public arena.
In accordance with the May 2012 decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin this year it is planned to increase the average salary of cultural workers to 13,420 rubles, and by 2018 it should double
The key link that determines success in any business, including the development of culture, is the human factor. The entire cadre corps - from club and library workers to well-known figures of culture and art, from auxiliary stage workers to recognized masters, singers and dance masters - should become a reliable foundation and the main driving force of culture.
It is important to make better use of the capabilities of educational institutions of the republic and, above all, the North Caucasian Institute of Arts in the training of highly professional personnel. We need to improve the practice of selecting and supporting young talents.
It's no secret that the wages of cultural workers today are lower than in a number of other industries. In accordance with the May 2012 decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin this year it is planned to increase the average salary of cultural workers to 13,420 rubles, and by 2018 it should double.
The implementation of large and responsible tasks in the field of culture, of course, should be in the focus of attention of the Government, authorities and local authorities. But still, the main role here belongs to the Ministry of Culture, which should become the headquarters, organizer and coordinator of the efforts of the authorities, interested ministries and departments, and public organizations.
Without joint daily efforts, we cannot build that spiritual and cultural space, outside of which our full-fledged development is unthinkable. Therefore, I call on everyone to joint interested work in the name of a worthy future for the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria.”
