This complex of equipment is intended for workshops for processing and packing bulk substances such as sapropel, peat-sapropel and organic-mineral mixtures, soils, building and molding sand, garden soil, soil and recultivators, soil formers, stale manure and droppings, caked clays, grain forage, etc.
The production line of the workshop for the production of bulk products is shown in the figure below.
General view of the sapropel processing and packing workshop
The basic set of equipment includes:
1. Grizzly bars for screening out large-sized inclusions
2. Loading hopper
3. Inclined belt conveyor with magnetic metal catcher
4. Disc grinder ID-300
5. Inclined belt conveyor
6. Drum sifter of products
7. Screw inclined conveyor
8. Packing complex of bulk products
9. Pallet with finished products
The technological process is carried out as follows: raw material - sapropel with a moisture content of no more than 40% from the base warehouse is loaded with a TO-28 loader and delivered to the processing and packaging workshop.
It is desirable to equip the front-end loader with a screening bucket crusher of the ZTM type. The sapropel mass coarsely crushed by the bucket crusher is loaded through the grate 1 into the loading hopper 2. Part of the coarse inclusions in the mixture is sifted out, the second part is fed to the ID-300 crusher by means of an inclined belt conveyor 3. After crushing to a fraction of max 2-3 mm, the raw material is fed into a drum sifter 6, sifted into two fractions and fed by a screw conveyor 7 into the hopper of the packing unit 8. The material is packed into packages, bags, buckets or other containers, stacked on a pallet 9 and delivered to the warehouse.
The capacity of the line with the filling of bulk product into bags of 10-25 liters is equal to 10 m 3 / h
Power consumption, kW - no more than 26
Service personnel on the equipment - 3 people.
Line for processing and packaging of sapropel fertilizers with a moisture content of no more than 40%
Specification of the main equipment of the workshop for the preparation and processing of sapropel into commercial products
1. Site preparation
Processing and packaging area
DESIGN JUSTIFICATION OF PRODUCTION AND FILLING BUSINESS
Work contract
Introduction
Chapter 1 Sapropel (bottom sludge) as a highly effective organo-mineral fertilizer
1.1. Granular and free-flowing sapropel (bottom sludge)
Chapter 2. DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS
2.1. Sapropel (bottom silt) fertilizers market
Chapter 3. PROPOSED PACKING OF PRODUCTS ON THE SAPROPEL MARKET
Chapter 4 work area
5.1. RF standards for the production of fertilizers from bottom sludge (sapropel)
5.2. Raw material warehouse - sapropel with a moisture content of no more than 40%
Chapter 6 Data on laboratory research of raw materials - sapropel in a warehouse
CONCLUSION OF SUITABILITY
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CONCLUSION
DESIGNING A FULL CYCLE OF PROCESSING SAPROPEL INTO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
8.1. Specification of the main equipment of the workshop for the preparation and processing of sapropel into commercial products
Applications
List of Graphics Applications
Bibliography
Special literature on the extraction of sapropel
Graphic Applications
1. An interactive map with sampling points at the sapropel warehouse. In the SasPlanet program
2. Sheet 1. SCHEME OF LOCATION OF RAW MATERIALS WAREHOUSE FOR FERTILIZER PRODUCTION. In the Kompas V.13 program
3. Line for the production of stale sapropel products. In Sketch Up
4. Video file of the basic set of equipment for the workshop for processing sapropel into fertilizers and fertilizer mixtures with packing in valve bags. In the Scketch Up program
7. Summary table of data on sampling of sapropel at the warehouse.doc
8. Instructions for using programs.doc
9. Sheet 2. Layout of equipment in the production line. In the Kompas V.13 program
10.GOST R 54000-2010. pdf
11. Crushing and screening of soil, sapropel.pdf
12. Screening bucket Robi MM.pdf
13. Allu - equipment for sifting and grinding sapropel.pdf
Terms of preparation of design feasibility study of production - 1.0 months. Cost - 96 thousand rubles.
Terms of manufacture and delivery of equipment - no more than 2 months.
The cost of a set of equipment for the processing and packaging workshop (as of 25.07.2015) without a bucket screening crusher is from 2,460,000 rubles. up to RUB 2,860,000 depending on the required performance and the initial properties of the raw material.
The company "Raduga-LKM" manufactures and supplies unique, mobile equipment (mini-plant) for the rapid organization of production of varnish-and-paint water-dispersion materials of various viscosity (paints, putties, primers, enamels, varnishes, fire retardant paints) with the possibility of packing in containers from 1 or more liters (regardless of product viscosity).
Equipment performance:
- Medium viscosity (paints, enamels) - 250 kg / hour, taking into account the pumping out (packing) of the finished product.
- Liquid (primers, varnishes) - 400 kg / hour
- High viscosity (putty, plaster, fire retardant paint) - 150-200 kg / hour
Specifications:
- The power consumption of the dissolver is 3 kW.
- Disolver volume - 215 liters,
- The power consumption of the pump is 1.5 kW.
- Filtration system - installed to order.
- Electronic control of the cutter speed from 0 to 1500 rpm.
When buying this equipment from us, we constantly provide technological support, help to choose one or another raw material, and consult by telephone. Products (water-dispersive paints and varnishes) are not subject to mandatory certification, at your discretion you can acquire voluntary compliance.
How to open your own paint and varnish business
The production of paints and varnishes has been and remains one of the most promising and profitable investments. Varnishes and paints are the most common and one of the most affordable finishing materials. Despite the fact that the domestic industry is developing quite actively in this segment, nevertheless, the competition is still not so high, and the new business has every chance of success.
Over the past 6-7 years, the volume of the market of paints and varnishes has been constantly increasing. However, this growth was mainly due to imports, whose share before the crisis was more than 20%. Over the past two years, this market has shrunk by 2.4%.
Russian manufacturers mainly produce solvent-borne materials (paints, varnishes, primers, putties), water-dispersible paints and varnishes, intermediate (drying oils, solvents) and oil paints. Moreover, in the segment of the chemical and petrochemical industry, the production of varnishes and paints accounts for only 2.5% of the total output.
Analysts note that there is a shortage of domestic products on the market of paints and varnishes, although the production capacity for the production of these finishing materials is less than half loaded. Only ten Russian factories produce about 70% of the total production of varnishes and paints. However, small businesses still retain a significant share of local and regional markets.
According to the forecast of experts, by 2015 the market volume will reach 1,511 thousand tons, which is 31% more than in the crisis year of 2009.
Classification of paints and varnishes
To begin with, let's understand the definition and classification of varnishes and paints produced.
Paints and varnishes, according to 28246-2006, are a liquid, pasty or powder material that, when applied to the surface to be painted, forms a coating that has protective, decorative or special technical properties. All paints and varnishes are usually divided into three groups: basic, intermediate and others. The main materials include:
- varnish - a paint and varnish material that forms a transparent coating when applied;
- paint is a liquid or paste-like pigmented material that contains varnish of various brands or an aqueous dispersion of synthetic polymers as a film-forming substance and which forms an opaque coating when applied;
- enamel is a liquid or paste-like pigmented paint and varnish material having a paint and varnish medium in the form of a solution of a film-forming substance and forming an opaque coating when applied;
- a primer that, when applied to the surface to be painted, forms an opaque or transparent homogeneous with good adhesion to the painted surface itself and to the coating layers;
- putty - a paste-like or liquid paint and varnish material that is applied to the surface before painting to level out irregularities and obtain a smooth surface.
Intermediate paints and varnishes are used primarily as semi-finished products. These include:
- drying oil - a product of processing vegetable oils with the addition of driers (substances that accelerate the film formation of paints and varnishes) to accelerate drying;
- resin - a solid or semi-solid organic material that softens or melts under the influence of a certain temperature;
- solvent - a one- or multicomponent volatile liquid that evaporates upon drying and completely dissolves varnish or paint;
- thinner - one- or multicomponent volatile liquid that does not adversely affect the properties of varnish or paint;
- drier - an organometallic compound that is usually added to certain paints and varnishes to speed up the drying process.
There is also one more type of paints and varnishes - the so-called auxiliary and auxiliary materials. This group of materials includes:
- remover designed to remove old paintwork;
- mastic - adhesive, finishing or sealing compounds based on organic binders and other substances that form a plastic mass, which, under certain conditions, can turn into a solid state;
- hardener - a substance introduced into a varnish or paint to "cross-link" macromolecules of a film-forming substance;
- accelerator - a substance that accelerates the process of cross-linking between molecules and promotes rapid drying of the paint layer.
In addition, several types of paints and varnishes are distinguished according to the type of the main binder. According to this classification, paints and varnishes can be distinguished:
- based on polycondensation resins;
- based on natural resins;
- based on polymerization resins;
- based on cellulose ethers.
Production of paints and varnishes
For the production of paints and varnishes, it is necessary to select a heated room with an area of 3 sq. m with plumbing and water storage, as well as a voltage of 220 V. As you can see from the requirements, at the first stage of your work, a garage of sufficient area will be enough. The best place to start is to choose a specific type of product that you will be producing. In the future, when your income allows you, you can think about expanding the range.
Many entrepreneurs considering the segment of paints and varnishes from the point of view of attractiveness for investment, note that the market for water-dispersion paints and varnishes has the greatest development potential. Domestic manufacturers are mainly focused on the production of oil and alkyd paints and enamels. As a result, almost a third of the consumed water-dispersion materials are imported products.
Indeed, the share of this type of product on the Russian market is significantly inferior to world indicators, despite the fact that these materials are convenient to use, environmentally friendly and relatively durable. In addition, the production of water-based paints requires a lower budget than the production of other paints and varnishes.
There is only one significant drawback in the production of water-dispersible materials. Due to the fact that for a long time these products manufactured by domestic manufacturers were distinguished by a low price and even lower quality, the promotion of Russian paints and varnishes (even if they are high and competitive prices) in our market is associated with high costs and difficulties. Therefore, at the very first stage of organizing and setting up your own production, think over the possible distribution channels for your products.
The production of paints and varnishes consists of two stages: the production of semi-finished products (varnishes, pigments, etc.) and their mixing. As a rule, small enterprises buy the bulk of the materials, while large ones produce them on their own.
The choice of technological lines for the production of paints and varnishes depends on what materials and in what volume you are going to produce. The approximate cost of such equipment ranges from 100 to 200 thousand rubles.
For example, a line for the production of primers, impregnations and other low-viscosity materials with a mixer capacity of 1000 kg / h will cost about 160 thousand rubles. A technological line for the production of paints, varnishes and other low- and medium-viscosity materials costs about 180 thousand rubles. Equipment for the manufacture of building fillers will cost a more modest amount - up to 140 thousand rubles.
From raw materials you will need various fillers, pigments, binders, thickeners. The purchase of the first batch will take about 150 thousand rubles. Additional costs (approximately 50 thousand rubles) will go to the packaging of finished paints and varnishes.
The technology for the production of varnishes and paints is quite simple. For example, for the production of water-dispersible materials, a dissolver-mixer is used, which mixes all the components and at the same time disperses the bulk paint elements with a milling mixer. For pumping the finished paint and dispersion through pipelines, special screw pumps are used, which do not destroy the dispersion and retain all the consumer properties of the paint. If necessary, the finished paint is filtered and packaged in a polymer container. Please note that water-based paints are aggressive media with a pH value of 8 and above. Therefore, in production it is highly desirable to use equipment and communications - stainless steel pipes.
If you plan to work on your own for the first time, you will need the help of another worker. In the future, with an increase in production volumes, you will have to organize round-the-clock duty and, accordingly, increase your staff. In addition to the working staff, you can hardly do without the help of an accountant (he may be coming), as well as a sales manager for finished products, if you have no experience in this.
So, to organize your own small production of paints and varnishes, you will need at least 350-400 thousand rubles. Add to this the monthly expenses for rent, communications and wages (if employees are available).
The cost of finished goods, your profit and the profitability of your business directly depend on what materials and in what volume you produce, as well as on whether you can create sufficient demand for them. With proper business conduct, the payback of such a production is very high and can be from 2-3 months.
Profitability of production of paints and varnishes
The profitability (the ratio of net income to gross proceeds) of the production of paints and varnishes depends on the specific product and averages 15% in the industry, while the profitability of retail sales of such products is 3-4 times higher. According to the most optimistic calculations, the profit from one ton of paints and varnishes can reach 30-35 thousand rubles, and the monthly income with average production volumes - 300 thousand rubles.
Pavel Biryukov
(c) www.openbusiness.ru - portal of business plans and guidelines for starting a small business
Video about the production of paints and varnishes
The modern range of cement mortars is very wide, however, in traditional construction, when laying ... view ... view Kondratenko V. Peshkov V. Slednev D. Modern technology and equipment for the production of ceramic ... viewEquipment for the production of primers
The delivery set includes technological and regulatory documentation for the organization production of acrylic and latex primers:
Draft technical conditions TU 2316-002-00080679-2006 "Water-dispersive primer".
Technological regulations for the production of acrylic and latex primers.
Recipe and production flow charts:
- Primer for expanded polystyrene boards VD-AK 055
- Strengthening front styrene-acrylate primer VD-AK 010
- Strengthening primer for external and latex VD-KCh 012
- Universal strengthening primer for external and internal works styrene-acrylate VD-AK 012
- Strengthening primer for interior work VD-AK 020
- Primer (concentrate) VD-AK 010
- Universal deep penetration acrylic primer for external and internal work VD-AK 011
- Deep penetration acrylic primer for interior work VD-AK 021
The price of the installation for the production of primers "VD-100": RUB 130,000 VAT is not provided
Reference Information:
Primers are compositions applied in the first layer to a surface prepared for finishing to reduce its porosity and ensure the required adhesion of the subsequent coating.
They differ from coloring compositions (paints) by a lower concentration or complete absence of dry fillers, and also by the fact that the primer cannot serve as a final coating, incl. with decorative properties.
An additional property of primers is the protection of various primers against moisture, corrosion and decay.
Water-dispersive primers are divided into (depending on the type of dispersion), and subspecies (depending on the purpose). Let's take a closer look at the classification of primers .
1. Acrylic primer
Binder type - acrylic or styrene-acrylate dispersion. Primers based on acrylic dispersions are applicable to almost all construction surfaces (concrete, aerated concrete, asbestos cement, fresh and old plaster, wood, fiberboard and chipboard, brick).
For priming surfaces, special types of primers are used - with corrosion inhibitors (usually phosphating primers).
Acrylic and styrene-acrylate primers differ from latex (styrene-butadiene) primers in their increased UV resistance.
Subtypes of acrylic primers:
Facade primer;
Deep penetration primer (including concentrated);
Strengthening primer for interior use;
Deep penetration primer for expanded polystyrene boards;
Primer (concrete contact).
A deep penetration primer differs from a strengthening primer primarily in its transparency. The deep penetration primer is translucent, which is due to the size of the dispersion particles (less than 0.05 microns.).
Milky-colored firming primer. Pay attention when buying.
2. Latex (styrene-butadiene) primer
Binder type - styrene-butadiene latex dispersion. Suitable for almost all building surfaces (concrete, aerated concrete, asbestos cement, fresh and old plaster, wood, fiberboard and chipboard, brick). Not suitable for priming metal surfaces. Less UV resistance compared to acrylic (styrene-butadiene latex degrades within 5-6 years).
Subtypes of latex primers:
Facade primer (for local repairs);
Universal strengthening primer for facade and interior work;
A strengthening primer for interior use.
Latex deep penetration primers, in contrast to acrylate - does not exist, due to the difference in particle sizes of the dispersion.
Additional Information:
- Paints and varnishes. General characteristics
- Equipment for filling paintwork materials
- Protection of metal surfaces against corrosion by paints and varnishes
Aquarella
We design and manufacture equipment for the production of expanded clay concrete building blocks ( cinder blocks) in accordance with GOST 6133-84. Three models are serially produced block making equipment- from vibrating machine 1IKS with a form for 1 block, to a mobile vibrating machine "Comanche" with a form for 4 simultaneously pressed wall blocks (cinder block).
Everything machines for the production of cinder blocks- palletless molding type, the so-called "layers".
Vibrating tables for the production of sidewalk series ВС-700 and ВС-1200
Molding vibrating tables intended for the production of vibrocasting paving slabs, elements of architectural decor, fences and similar concrete products by vibrocasting.
Equipment for the production of paints
Equipment for the production of paintwork materials(acrylic, latex, polyvinyl acetate) - paints, enamels, primers, "concretecontact", putties, decorative plasters and coatings - installations of various degrees of automation and productivity, from simple dissolvers / dissolvers (dispersants) to semi-automatic mini-factories for the production of paints and varnishes (LKM).
Equipment for the production of paints in all configurations it is supplied with a set of normative, technical and technological documentation.
Gravity concrete mixers (concrete mixers)
Gravitational concrete mixers are used for the preparation of concrete and mortar mixtures of various degrees of hardness. The volume of the bowl of concrete mixers is from 130 to 180 liters. Concrete mixers are completed with electric motors powered by a 220V household network.
Modular mini-plants for the production of polystyrene foam
Semi-automatic mini-factories for industrial foam production(expanded polystyrene) with adjustable equipment.
The principle of movable modules allows you to install equipment for the production of foam in almost any production facility.
Received sheet Styrofoam fully complies with the requirements of GOST 15588-86.
Vibropress V-50 for the production of expanded clay concrete blocks
Pallet vibrating pressВ-50 for the production of cinder blocks, expanded clay concrete building blocks - the next step after vibrating machines "layers". Performance vibrating press V-50 is 50 blocks / hour, shape for 2 blocks, three types of produced building blocks in accordance with GOST 6133-84: SKTs-1, SKTs-2, SKTs-3.
Equipment for the production of permanent formwork
Line performance for production of permanent formwork is up to 300 pcs. per shift. Wide degree of automation equipment for the production of permanent formwork... Block production fixed formwork- a necessary addition to the line for the production of polystyrene foam.
Equipment for the production of precast-monolithic floors
Equipment for the production of precast-monolithic floors... The overlap is formed by laying hollow liner blocks on reinforced concrete beams, installing additional reinforcement, steel mesh on top and then pouring with heavy concrete.
Equipment for the production of construction fillers
Equipment for the production of construction fillers- latex, acrylic, oil-glue, PVA-based. Time-tested Soviet technologies coupled with modern chemical components give impressive results.
In addition to the production of traditional putties, the capabilities of the equipment allow the production of decorative coatings, for example, the well-known Venetian plaster and energy-saving coating based on perlite.
Thermal insulation coating "Aquarella TM-150"
Ultrathin heat-insulating coating "Aquarella TM-150" TU 5768-001-99799327-2010 for application on mineral and metal surfaces.
Equipment for the production of prefabricated chimneys
We design and manufacture equipment for the production prefabricated chimneys- enclosing structures made of expanded clay concrete blocks (with and without a ventilation duct) and fiber-reinforced concrete cover slabs.
Equipment for the production of primers
Equipment for the production of water-dispersible primers- acrylic and latex. Performance equipment for the production of primers- 500 l / h. The basic set of equipment for the production of primers includes an electronic dispenser of acrylic / latex dispersion, a pre-filter for water purification, syringes-dispensers of modifying components.
Equipment for filling paintwork materials
Equipment for filling (packing) technical liquids, dispersions and emulsions on a water and organic basis - acrylic paints and varnishes, machine oil, antifreeze, adhesives, etc. materials.
Several levels of automation - installations with visual control over weight and semi-automatic machines with CNC. The liquid is pumped by a diaphragm pump of the Swedish manufacturer Tapflo with a Teflon membrane, the dosage of the material is an accurate electronic scale with a discreteness of 10 g.
Industrial and domestic steam generators
Development and production steam generators- industrial and household steam generators(for saunas and baths). Steam generators are serially produced, with a power of 2 kW with a working pressure of 0.7 atm - 2.5 kg / h, up to steam generators 160 kW with a pressure of 5.5 atm - 205 kg / h. Three-level protection system steam generators from overloads, built-in unit for preliminary water treatment, phytocontainers.
Equipment for shaped cutting of foam plastic
We produce machines for shaped cutting of expanded polystyrene- assortment from manual cutting to CNC machines. The use of high-precision Hiwin profile, precision manufacturing of machine tool parts, and professional assembly ensure the level of cut products unattainable until now.
Tool for manual cutting of polystyrene foam
The RI-01 hand tool is designed for cutting blocks of expanded polystyrene (polystyrene) at a construction site. Model "RI-01" tool for manual cutting of foam easy to operate, provides uniform, controlled heating of the cutting wire from 0 to 100%, which guarantees high quality of cutting of almost any density of expanded polystyrene.
Paint grinder (millstone mill) SO-116A
We produce serially paint mill(millstones), modified versions of the classic model SO-116A. Paint grinders millstones are intended for grinding and paste-like non-explosive compositions used for painting outside and inside premises (chalk pastes, putties, glue colors). The original components (chalk, pigments, adhesives) are pre-soaked in water before grinding.
Each person seeks to increase their income using different ways of earning. Unfortunately, hired human labor today is not valued highly enough to live without counting every penny. Therefore, many people try to go about their own business, trying their hand at various areas of business.
Cultivation of crops as a business.
You can work for yourself and earn a rather big income not only in the city, but also in the countryside. If you have a certain area of land, then with proper technical processing and full-fledged crop rotation, you can earn good money by selling the crop.
To start your land business, you need to set a goal for which you will strive. The main task of any business is to get the maximum income at the lowest cost. Therefore, you should try to involve in the work as much fixed assets and labor as necessary for a quality result. Remember, “the miser pays twice,” and overspending may not be worth it.
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When cultivating the land, you need to take into account such factors that affect the final result:
1. Choosing the culture with which you will work.
2. Provision of machinery and machine-tractor equipment.
3. Hiring labor.
4. Control of soil fertility.
5. Availability of storage space for the crop.
You should figure out what kind of crop you will plant on your property. To make the right choice, analyze the climatic conditions of your region, soil properties. It should be borne in mind that each crop has its own favorable seeding and harvesting period. Based on this, you will need to create the correct crop rotation in order to get the maximum profit without depleting the land.
Take care of the equipment that will work your land. Tractors and machine-tractor equipment, if it is not at your disposal, you can rent. You can also hire private owners of agricultural machinery, who will yell, cultivate and sow your fields for a fee. So, you will provide yourself not only with equipment, but also with labor.
If you yourself are unable to cultivate your land, you should hire workers who will be competent in this area. Try to hire qualified people who will be most productive.
If you seriously decide to take up this business, then you need to check the readiness of the soil to yield a crop. Statistics say that 50% of the crops planted are dying because of the farmer's careless attitude to cultivating their land. Therefore, in order to protect yourself as much as possible from possible losses, get rid of weeds and pests, and also take care of full soil fertilization.
After harvesting, the harvest can be sold immediately. This is convenient, since it does not oblige you to search for a warehouse. If you do not find a buyer or wish to sell the crop later, when its price is at its peak, then you need a storage facility. The warehouse can be rented, which is cheaper than building.
How much should you invest and how can you earn on the land?
To start any business of your own, you need to have initial capital. Own or credit funds must be invested in the business in order for it to be profitable. Therefore, we will calculate how much money is needed so that the land business not only pays for itself, but also brings benefits.
If the land is in your possession, then you only pay tax. If you rent fields, then you will pay rent at approximately 3% of the value of the land. Today, land lease costs about 2190 rubles / ha.
Suppose you decide to plant sunflower seeds in your fields. This culture is relatively hardy to harsh climatic conditions. Calculation of grain for planting on one hectare is about 5-10 kg, when the yield is 2.5 t / ha. Considering the current prices, you will spend about 73-146 rubles / ha for raw materials, and you will receive about 32120 rubles. from the sale of seeds per hectare.
If you have your own tractors and combines, you will only have to spend money on maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. The cost of hiring a tractor for cultivation, processing and sowing of the field is approximately 3650 rubles / ha, as well as harvesting from one hectare.
If you do not want to sell the crop directly from the field, you need to take care of building or renting a hangar for storing grain. Construction of one square. m. warehouse costs more than 7300 r. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the possible yield from the cultivated land and build a hangar for the future.
So, you can see that you will need to invest about 7300 rubles in your land business. per hectare of land, as well as pay hired workers and allocate funds for the construction or rent of a hangar. If the land is not yours, then an amount is added to these costs, approximately 2,190 rubles / ha.
By selling grain from one hectare, you can get about 32,850 rubles. Taking into account the costs, your revenue will be at least 21,900 rubles / ha. By multiplying this amount by the area of cultivated land, you will see how much income you will receive. From this money, you have to pay the salaries of workers and income tax, as well as allocate funds for the next sowing of the fields.
After the sunflower, your land will be depleted and you will be wasted on fertilizers. It is not advisable to plant sunflowers often, therefore, after harvesting the seeds, it is advisable to plant winter crops or legumes.
The amounts calculated above are approximate reality. Prices for raw materials, agricultural machinery and labor are constantly fluctuating, so this information should be taken with account of possible errors.
Thus, the cultivation of the land not only pays off, but also brings some profit. Your income and experience will grow every year. It should be borne in mind that the larger the land area, the more profitable the business becomes.
Doing your own thing, you will see the result of your work. All income will be at your disposal and no one can deceive you or underestimate your work.
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All business ideas are based on three pillars: innovation, profitability, and start-up capital. If everything is more or less clear with the first two points, then the availability of start-up capital and its size for many becomes a stumbling block, about which crystal dreams are smashed to smithereens. Are there any areas of entrepreneurial activity for which a lot of money is not needed and time is not needed and after a while a certain net income is guaranteed. What the conversation is, of course, is.
- Humus - the power of the earth
- Step-by-step opening plan
- Manufacturing technology: we bury the garbage - we dig up the money
- How much can you earn from a humus business?
- How much can you earn on humus?
- How much money is needed to start a business
- What equipment to choose
- What is the OKVED for a business for the production of humus
- What documents are needed to open
- Which taxation system to choose
- Do I need permission to start a business
Humus - the power of the earth
The richest and most fertile soils of the planet, the steppe chernozems, owe their tremendous productivity to humus, an organic compound formed as a result of complex combined aerobic and anaerobic processes as a result of humification of residues of vegetative parts of plants and their root systems. It was the steppe forbs, perennial deposits of plant parts that led to the formation of fertile soil, truly one of the miraculous wonders of the world.
What does the regular introduction of humus give, from the point of view of agricultural chemistry and agricultural technology?
The systemic soil fertility increases dramatically, since humus itself is a complete organic fertilizer with a set of trace elements and a long-term aftereffect
Due to its high moisture capacity, soil fertilized with humus perfectly retains moisture in the root zone, and capillary crusts that form in hot and dry weather are easily destroyed by surface loosening
Having a pronounced micro-lumpy structure of humus, it perfectly aerates the upper soil horizon. By creating optimal conditions for the formation of a powerful and developed root system, especially when cultivating row crops
It interacts perfectly with local plant feeding with inorganic fertilizers, ensuring their optimal transport to the root zone and minimizing the loss of basic nutrients to leaching and weathering as much as possible
Contains carbon dioxide in a bound form, gently releases it, providing an optimal gas balance of the soil
Attracts earthworms and inhibits the activity of moles
Significantly reduces the cost of mulching the soil, in some cases allows you to abandon this operation altogether
By introducing humus, it is difficult to overfeed the plants and burn the root system, which is very often manifested when other types of organic matter, such as chicken droppings and slurry, are introduced.
Step-by-step opening plan
- Choosing a place for the production of humus (from 1.2 by 1.2 m to 2 by 2 m);
- The primary component is the manure of herbivores. Rabbit droppings are preferred. But you can cow, sheep or horse. Avoid pig and goat dung.
- Herbal component in the form of dry hay, cereal straw or legumes. Hay weeds or garden plants are good for compost, but not for humus.
- Protection of the decaying mass from sediments in order to exclude leaching of components at intermediate stages of the process. Otherwise, you get compost instead of humus.
- The ripening period of the mass in the pile: 3-5 years. In the future - more often, if you lay a couple of heaps for every 1st, 2nd year.
- Implementation of the finished product.
Manufacturing technology: we bury the garbage - we dig up the money
So, in order to get humus at no extra cost, we need a flat, dense sole on any inconvenience.
There are two main methods of cooking, the so-called French method, or lump, and American, or box cooking. Since we save money, we stop at the French method, since we do not need extra spending. The boundaries of the site are set aside by boards, old doors, low boards and other rubbish capable of performing protective functions. The bottom of the fenced area is covered with broken bricks, pieces of plaster, crushed concrete and other solid construction waste. It will act as a drainage and support plane, preventing the future heap from spreading and preventing leaching of the finished product by atmospheric precipitation. In addition, the bottom layer cuts off possible infestation by weeds and pests.
After that, a layer of reeds, hay, straw, and other plant residues is laid on the sole. The next layer is manure, with the most valuable being rabbit, cow and horse manure, and to a lesser extent pig manure.
After laying the manure layer, a layer of organic waste is laid, which may include rotten hay of legumes, cereal straw, cabbage leaves, potato peelings, and more. Above, the organic layer is covered with a layer of lean earth, and then the stacking of the pile is alternated in the same order.
For the convenience of work, the side of the shoulder should be no more than 3-3.5 m, and the height should not be more than 3/4 of this indicator. After the end of laying, the collar is twitched by the ground and in the autumn-winter period is covered from atmospheric precipitation. In the summer, the southern side is shaded by any available means in order to prevent overdrying of the mass, which leads to serious loss of quality.
Ripening lasts 3 years, during this time the pile settles and loses in its original volume up to 30-40%.
A high-quality product has a brown color with various shades, a pronounced smell of a spring field, a fine lumpy structure, does not emit water when pressed. The weight of a cubic meter of humus is 0.55-0.82 tons, deviations from the density indicators in either direction indicate a violation of technology.
How much can you earn from a humus business?
As already indicated above, this type of activity is not associated with any capital investments and does not even require the arrangement of a pit, as in the case of composting. All expenses are tied to the cost of personal time and, in essence, represent a system for the rational use of waste.
The only significant disadvantage is that you can plan the release of the finished product and the receipt of the first income no earlier than 3 years from the moment of laying. In subsequent years, by laying new heaps, you organize a continuous process of obtaining ready-made humus and, as a result, profit.
How much can you earn on humus?
The initially laid raw pile with a side of 5 m has a volume of 75 cubic meters, at the exit, taking into account the maturation processes, we will receive at least 19-23 cubic meters. commercial humus of nominal humidity. It is economically feasible to sell the product using bag rather than machine norms. So a 50-liter bag of humus for the end consumer costs about 75 rubles in retail. Machine rate with a volume of 4 cubic meters. ordinary humus of the order of 4000 rubles. The difference in the cost of one cubic meter is 2000 rubles in favor of bag packing.
In general, from one pile, you can get 115 thousand rubles of income, subject to the sale of goods at retail prices in bag norms.
Taking into account the practically zero initial costs, waste disposal and the cost of only personal time, without the use of mechanization means, this is more than a decent result. The increase in profits is possible by directly increasing the pledged volumes and systematic collection of raw materials for the formation of collars on the side. Undoubtedly, this will entail a certain amount of expenses, in particular for transport and employees, but you will already have the start-up capital for all this.
How much money is needed to start a business
Making humus at home is convenient if you keep livestock yourself. On your site (summer cottage or backyard), you can organize production with a minimum contribution at the start. Using substandard building materials, unnecessary boards and so on for the equipment of the place of humus maturation. Also, the original components can be purchased at minimal prices or for free, for example, from neighbors who keep rabbits.
Straw-hay of cereals or legumes is in any farm. The price of cereal hay is 6,500 -7,500 rubles. per ton with delivery, one roll weighs 270 kg. To start a business, one roll will be more than enough for you. If you need to purchase a gardening tool, then another 20 thousand rubles in addition.
What equipment to choose
For the production of compost, gardening tools will be needed: carts, shovels, pitchforks, etc., devices for measuring the temperature and acid-base medium of the substrate. In the future, you will need packing material and scales.
What is the OKVED for a business for the production of humus
According to the OKVED classifier 2) Section C: Manufacturing.
Main: 20. Chemical production. substances and chem. products. The sub-item responsible for basic chemicals, nitrogen compounds, fertilizers, etc. - 20.1.
Namely, Manufacturing of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds - 20.15.
What documents are needed to open
To register an individual business, you need a passport, an application for state registration, a receipt for payment of state duty, a copy of the TIN certificate.
Which taxation system to choose
UTII is suitable - that is, a single tax on imputed income.
Do I need permission to start a business
No special permits or documents are required for the production of humus.
From different components in the proportions required by the Customer. The composition of the soil mixture is proposed according to the results of the analysis of the soil of the Customer's site, the recommendations of specialists, and the wishes of the Customer. The universal fertile is close in its characteristics to the necessary requirements for the soil for most of the work on landscaping and landscaping.
Lawn soil
Production of fertile soil from raw materials (vegetable, peat, biohumus, mineral fertilizers) by the Sophora company at a production site located near Moscow between Dmitrovskoye and Leningradskoye highways. The productivity of the workshop for the production of soil mixtures is up to 200 m3 of soil per day. For example, to create a fertile layer of 20 cm on a plot of 6 acres, approximately 120 m3 of soil will be required.
In the near future, in addition to packing in bags of 50 liters, the product will be packed in flexible top-loading containers with a capacity of 1 m3. The main activity of the Sophora company is the production and supply of compost, fertile soil and landscaping. Work is underway to build and repair facilities of varying complexity.
By organizing a new production, the company seeks to satisfy the growing demand of consumers for high-quality, inexpensive, fertile soil made from natural, environmentally friendly components.
Closer to earth and in harmony with Nature.
Currently, for landscape work, they use natural - plant, industrial fertile and peat soils. Most of the landscape companies use natural vegetation - gray loams from the Moscow region and the regions adjacent to the West, North and East, as well as from the more southern regions (Tula, Lipetsk, Ryazan), which are purchased from agricultural enterprises. It is designed for mass demand on a peat basis, it is produced by about 20 companies that sell their products mostly in various small packaging through retail outlets. A number of companies supply European production.
The consumers of our products are landscape and construction companies, gardeners, summer residents, and indoor floriculture lovers.
In 2005, the Sophora company, in cooperation with the Ermolino industrial farm, began the production of organic - compost using modern technologies.
Technology
The compost production technology is based on the method of aerobic composting of a mixture of organic substances in piles.
The mixture in piles placed on a concrete site with drainage or concrete ridges decomposes 
aerobic meso- and thermophilic microorganisms, for the life of which oxygen is needed. The vital activity of aerobic microorganisms causes an increase in temperature in the mass of piles to 60-70 ° C, which in turn leads to deworming and deodorization, as well as to the loss of germination of weed seeds.
Since the most important factor affecting the temperature regime in the piles and the intensity of the biothermal process during composting of the mixture is the degree of its aeration, it becomes necessary to periodically turn (tedding) the piles and forced ventilation. For this, special equipment is used - a mobile heap turner, air compressors. 
This method of aerobic composting allows you to get ecologically clean organic with high quality N-P-K content, which does not contain germinating seeds of weeds, helminth larvae and does not require the introduction of pesticides.
Compost application
Microbiological activity and saturation of compost with minerals provide it with an indisputable advantage over peat and black soil, traditionally used in Russia for landscaping, landscaping and ornamental gardening. In addition, the price of compost is lower than the price of peat substrates or high-quality black soil.
The use of compost provides: improving fertility and soil safety for the environment, reducing the cost of fertilizing any type of soil ...
produced on the basis of organic waste, is widely used in the USA, Australia and Western countries in organic agriculture, for landscaping and reclamation. When fertilizing agricultural land (arable land), a single dose of pure nitrogen should not exceed 170 kg per 1 hectare of cultivated land. The use of compost allows you to ensure the necessary fertility by introducing 15-20 cubic meters of compost per hectare once every 7 years.
Offer
The Sophora company offers the most valuable organic - and on its basis for: landscaping and landscaping, decorative and industrial gardening, plant growing, land reclamation, quarries, landfills, etc. , organic farming, arrangement of sports grounds, fields, etc.
Shipment from the site in the village. Bely Rast, Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Region.
The minimum shipment rate is 0.5 tons.
Compost quality
According to its fertilizing properties, it is an N-P-K fertilizer with a reduced content of trace elements such as zinc, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, etc.
Chemical composition:
Compost provides balanced nutrition for plants, as it contains everything necessary in the necessary proportions.
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