Home Useful Tips Lakhta center building height. The whole city will stretch under the Lakhta Center tower. There are design differences

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Lakhta center building height. The whole city will stretch under the Lakhta Center tower. There are design differences

For more than two days, the foundation was continuously poured at the base of the Lakhta Center skyscraper, which is being built on the shores of the Gulf of Finland to replace the controversial project of the Gazprom tower, and this achievement will be included in the Guinness Book of Records. Despite the economic crisis, construction of the 462-meter tower is progressing according to plan and should be completed in 2018, NTD reports.

A new Guinness record for continuous concreting was officially registered during the construction of the Lakhta Center skyscraper in St. Petersburg. Within 49 hours, 19,264 cubic meters of concrete were poured into the base of the tower's foundation. This is 3000 cubic meters more than the previous record.

EVA NORROY, Judge of the Guinness Book of Records: I have already seen measurements on construction sites before, I know the technical requirements. And what I saw now is fantastic! I can say that everything is in line with our standards and our rules.

Lakhta Center should grow up to 462 meters. It is being built on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, where strong winds often occur. This will put additional stress on the building. In addition, during construction, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the soil and the unusual twisted shape of the skyscraper. Therefore, such a large and durable slab was required.

ELENA MOROZOVA, construction manager of the Lakhta Center: The uniqueness of the tower lies in its structural complexity and, as I said, in the peculiarities of the location where it is being built. First, it is the tallest building in the world at this northern latitude.

Construction of the skyscraper began last year and should be completed in 2018. Despite the economic crisis in the country, Lakhta Center intends to commission the building on schedule.

ALEXANDER BOBKOV, Director of MFC Lakhta Center JSC: It is impossible to deny that we are in a society with all other subjects of the Russian economy. And we, of course, feel the change in the market situation. But the terms of the project implementation remain directive, in 2018 we are obliged to open - and the current stages are proceeding exclusively within the directive terms.

The Lakhta Center project was developed instead of the unrealized Okhta Center project. This skyscraper was supposed to be built on the right bank of the Neva. This prospect aroused indignation among Petersburgers and criticism from specialists. They felt that the skyscraper would ruin the city's appearance. The organization of UNESCO also opposed the construction of the Okhta Center. As a result, the project was canceled.

source NTD USA North America tags

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Some time ago I managed to visit a unique construction site - the St. Petersburg skyscraper Lakhta Center. In general, skyscrapers are not a very common phenomenon for our country, but believe me, this structure is the most unique in Russia.

Before this trip, I asked you a question about what you would be interested in learning about this structure, what subtleties about the skyscraper you have not met on the Internet or cannot find information about it in any way.

After I have passed the entire building from the foundation to the very top, I am ready to answer your questions.

Photo 2.

We all remember how we were told that Peter I built Petersburg somehow and barely on the swampy and watery lands of the Neva delta. Many are surprised and ask - is it possible to build such huge structures here? How can they stand securely in such precarious ground? But what if...

In fact, experts say that you can build almost anywhere. The only difference will be in terms and cost. They also talked about the Crimean Bridge for a long time that it is not realistic to build in such soils - they did it! It is the same with the Lakhta Center - they applied modern technologies and built it with a large margin of safety.

Photo 3.

We walked through the construction site with Petr Sokolov (geodetic engineer of the construction control department of MFC Lakhta Center JSC) through the underground parking lot, which is designed for 2,000 cars.

Peter told how it all began here and how everything is calculated and reliable here.

Photo 4.

The construction of the St. Petersburg skyscraper was preceded by a year and a half of engineering and geological research. The authors of the project studied the geological, geodetic, ecological, historical and cultural features of the site.

It turned out that weak soils make up only the top layer. Below it lies the Vendian horizon - these are the oldest clays, which are 635-540 million years old. As strong as rock or concrete, these clays are an excellent support for a skyscraper. But getting to them is not easy: on the way near the construction equipment there are ice age deposits in the form of giant boulders and sandy loamy sand with gravel. Those. scientifically proven - you can build!

Photo 5.

The basis of the entire structure is a box-shaped foundation. Due to the fact that the top layer of soil is permeable and watered (after all, the bay is very close - the groundwater level is half a meter), it was necessary to create a protected space. Therefore, along the entire perimeter of the building, a “wall in the ground” was erected from reinforced concrete to a depth of 31 m. It isolated the entire pit, water inflows during excavation did not interfere with the work.

Subsequently, the "wall in the ground" will serve as additional protection of the underground part of the building from groundwater.

Photo 6.

Bored piles are used as the foundation for the foundation. These are 264 reinforced concrete piles with a diameter of two meters and a depth of minus 72 and 82 meters.

On the piles there is a foundation "box" consisting of a lower slab 3.6 m thick, an upper slab 2.0 m thick, a central stiffness core 28.5 m in diameter and 10 vertical stiffening diaphragms. The joint work of the lower and upper slabs of the box-shaped foundation is provided by stiffening diaphragms radiating from the core of the building in the radial direction.

Photo 7.

Concrete in the lower and upper slabs of compressive strength class B60 and B80, water resistance grade W8, frost resistance grade F150. Concrete in stiffness diaphragms and core walls within a box foundation of compressive strength class B80, water resistance grade W8, frost resistance grade F150.

By the way, in 2015, a unique operation was carried out for continuous one-time concreting of the lower slab of the skyscraper foundation. A new world record was set for the volume of non-stop poured concrete - 19 624 m3. Thirteen factories throughout the Leningrad Region prepared concrete around the clock, automatic mixers drove up to the construction site almost every minute. It was a unique process!

We began to climb to the first floors of the skyscraper, and I was told about one more unique thing - it turns out that the shape of the building is not just some kind of "cucumber", but a twisting pentagon. Have you noticed?

This also makes sense:

"The shape of the building symbolizes the energy of water, the flow of spaces, openness and lightness," the authors of the project explain. If we look at the floor section of the tower, we will see that the pentagon opens up and rotates around its axis. This achieves a unique cross-sectional shape of the building. No other object in the world has had such an architectural and geometric solution.

Photo 8.

Because Lakhta Center tower is twisted around its axis by 90 degrees, then there are certain peculiarities in the construction of such a building. For example, due to expansion, contraction and torsion, all 189 thousand of the tower's metal structures differ from each other (strictly speaking, only two are the same). The facade elements also differ in shape and bend: 16,505 panels cover an area of 72,500 square meters, while 71% of glass units differ from each other in size and geometry.

Photo 9.

But coming up with an interesting shape is not all. How will we build?

You can't just build a skyscraper "as long as there are bricks." There are various systems that ensure the stability of super tall buildings. At the Lakhta Center tower, it consists of a core, outriggers and supporting columns along the perimeter of the building.

The core is a "pipe" about 28 meters in diameter at the base, with a reinforced concrete wall 2.5 to 0.8 meters thick as it rises. This structure is responsible for vertical stability.

Outriggers - they are also technical floors, consist of a ring beam around the core and diagonal metal trusses and columns extending from it. These elements transfer forces from the core to the outer columns and reduce the support moment at the bottom of the building, as well as provide horizontal stiffness - for example, dampen the vibrations of the tower from the wind.

There are five outriggers in the Lakhta Center tower, four of which look like double floors, and the fifth is atypical, in the form of a reinforced concrete slab.

We looked at one of these floors. This is how the outrigger floor looks like inside - communications, communications and equipment.

Photo 10.

Columns also play a very important role:

Photo 11.

The columns are made of composite materials - a steel core with a reinforced concrete shell. This solution was used for the first time in high-rise construction in Russia. Thanks to him, the cost of the columns is significantly reduced, and the construction time is reduced by 40%, all other things being equal.

This is how they began to build the core:

Photo 12.

I then caught myself thinking that they were building some kind of pipe instead of a building!

It was then that Pyotr Sokolov, with great enthusiasm, told me about several methods of geodetic control over the construction of a structure. Everything was done using the most modern equipment.

Photo 13.

Since the main purpose of the core is stability, deviations from the vertical are really critical for it. To avoid such deviations, surveyors constantly verified the coordinates of the core and adjusted the course of the formwork.

Here is one of the control methods that was used:

By the way, there are 40 elevators in the core: two-level high-speed passenger and administrative elevators.

There are single-level elevators, and there are two-level elevators that serve two adjacent floors. Elevator speed from 2.5 to 8 m / s.

There are two interchange levels, at 31-32 and 51-52 floors. Accordingly, there is a lower, middle and upper group of elevators.

There are lifts that can stop on each floor. There are high-speed elevators that serve only the observation deck and the panoramic restaurant, and these elevators have stops only at the points of embarkation and destination, the speed of these elevators is 8m / s.

There is a control system for elevators by destination floors

I rode several elevators, but so far they are all in a protective shell and do not move at maximum speed. But you still feel the power and difference from the usual home elevator. For maximum effect, you will need to come here in a year.

Photo 14.

The vertical transport strategy is designed in such a way that the waiting time during rush hour does not exceed 30 seconds. In order to provide such temporary characteristics of the movement of elevators, it was necessary to implement and develop special elevator logistics.

In an ordinary building where there are a lot of people and there are 3-4 elevators, it happens that you wait for a free elevator for 3-4 minutes, and here employees and visitors, entering the building and not yet reaching the elevators, will indicate at special terminals on which floor they are want to get in. The system will immediately tell you which elevator they need to go to.

All elevators will operate on a single information platform and will automatically implement the optimal movement algorithm in the skyscraper.

Photo 15.

At its peak, about 12 thousand people worked on the construction of this gigantic structure. Taking into account the very small size of the construction site, imagine how clearly you need to organize the logistics of supplying materials and builders for round-the-clock and continuous support of the construction process.

Automation of logistics management is carried out using a special virtual model of a warehouse site, where every detail of the building is marked and the system knows at what moment it needs to be delivered to the warehouse and brought to the construction site.

Photo 16.

This is an airy free space - the Atrium, between the two buildings of the Multifunctional building of the complex. I will tell you about its purpose below.

Photo 17.

Climbing higher and higher in the building, one cannot but pay attention to the ventilation, heating and cooling system. It always seemed to me that these important systems are located on the upper level of a skyscraper, and from there air is drawn in and all the necessary technological processes. But it turns out that most of the equipment is located on the technical floors, the rest is located in the under-pinned space of the tower.

Grigory Volzhin, a leading heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineer at MFC Lakhta Center JSC, told me how these communications, most important for a skyscraper, are arranged.

Photo 18.

In general, if you look at the tower from above, you can compare it with a star. In its rays - at the corners of the tower, there are special spaces - buffer zones, which are designed to perform a very important function. The intelligent building management system measures wind direction and speed, air temperature. Deciding that a draft will not interfere, the system opens the technical valves in the buffer zones and releases excess heat. This lowers the temperature in the building and creates a comfortable microclimate. The tower "breathes".

This mechanism is auxiliary to the main ventilation and air conditioning system.

Here is an example of a small piece of the ceiling of a technical floor of a skyscraper:

Photo 19.

Each of these buffer zones, located along the perimeter of the building, is double-height, that is, it occupies two floors. For employees of a high-rise building, this is an opportunity to go out into the fresh air without leaving the building and enjoy stunning panoramic views.

Here we are standing in one of these buffer zones:

Photo 20.

In a smart skyscraper above Lakhtinskaya harbor, automation also decides what humidity should be in the building. She also determines whether there is enough light in the premises. The microclimate can be controlled by sensors that are installed throughout the building. They send signals to the “brain” of the system. For example, so that the air is not dry, the computer analyzes the data and regularly turns on the air irrigation chambers that spray water. Man no longer participates in these processes.

Photo 21.

The facade of the skyscraper is smart too. For the creators of the Lakhta Center, it was important not only to create an architectural envelope, but also to solve energy efficiency problems. The unique formula of glass used for facing the facade protects people in the building from overheating from direct sunlight and keeps the building warm in cold weather. According to the project, the workplaces of employees can be safely placed close to the windows - it will not be hot. In addition, the architecture of the Lakhta Center allows maximum use of natural light - the share of premises with such lighting is 75%. The efficiency at these rates increases by 15% - noticeably for the efficiency of the global energy company.

Another original technology that maintains the microclimate in a building in hot weather is cold accumulators. At night, when the energy consumption, as well as the price for it, are lower, ice will freeze, which will help the air conditioners to cope with the loads during the day. This technology significantly reduces energy consumption, and hence the impact on the environment.

Grigory Volzhin spoke about the modern fire extinguishing system in the skyscraper.

Photo 22.

Even on the lower floors, I noticed that all metal and concrete structures were treated with some kind of material. It turns out that this is just a treatment so that, according to safety requirements, these structures can withstand certain temperatures for a specified time.

For the core of the Tower, a degree of fire resistance is provided with increased limits up to R / REI 240, that is, 240 minutes (4 hours) - this is the maximum fire resistance limit existing today.

Reinforced concrete load-bearing elements of the underground part of the building, floor elements, steel-concrete and reinforced concrete load-bearing elements of the above-ground part of the building have protective concrete layers up to reinforcement of at least 45-70 mm.

Steel load-bearing elements of the building frame and secondary floor beams are lined with fire retardant materials (fire retardants, slab materials).

Steel bearing elements of exploited and unexploited coatings, elements of staircases and stairs are fire-retardant treatment with intumescent paints or are lined with fire-retardant materials.

Photo 23.

We looked at the fire dampers above the special lockable doors that provide smoke-free space for evacuation zones.

Here are the orange cables - fire control.

Photo 24.

In case of an emergency, a fire post will be on duty in the Lakhta Center around the clock - 20 people each shift. This helps to keep all fire extinguishing and alarm systems in readiness. It is these people who will be the first to be on the scene and provide assistance.

Photo 25.

I did not expect to hear such information either - it turns out that the cranes during the construction of the tower were the highest in Europe. When the final spire structure was installed, the tower height of the tallest crane reached its maximum value of 479.65 meters.

And here is how they were attached at one time to the core of a skyscraper. Yes, these braces were welded to the metal structures of the building core.

Photo 26.

When lifting the final spire structure from the ground, the crane cable length indicator showed 499.9 meters.

Photo 27.

Now all the cranes have been dismantled and you can admire the view of the skyscraper without them:

Photo 28.

When examining the facade of the building from the 40th floor, I noticed that the glass was all dusty and dirty - outside. How will they be washed and cleaned? Of course, this was not without a unique, interesting and unusual system.

Especially for the high-rise building of the Lakhta Center, a unique system of lifting mechanisms for maintenance (cleaning and maintenance) of glazed facades has been developed, which will successfully work on a building with a rolling shape.

Facade maintenance system for each "petal" is designed separately.

Photo 29.

The total area of the facades is more than 130,000 sq. m of glass, which must be kept clean and, if necessary, repair elements of structures.

Up to a height of 369 meters, a facade maintenance system (FSS) operates, consisting of ascent and descent carriages, a platform, and guide rails along the edges of the building.

Rubber rollers will prevent damage to the facade.

The entire system is lifted from ground level. One platform can accommodate two people. Three stages of safety - the main, backup cable, blocking system.

The top of the spire will be served by industrial climbers. In their arsenal there are electric lifts.

Photo 30.

In the multifunctional building of the complex, the North and South buildings have very complex facades with a negative angle of inclination. To service them, the following will be involved: two mobile cranes with a boom of 4.37 m, six cranes with a boom of more than ten meters, the Atrium from the inside - under the supervision of two more cranes with a boom of 12.5 m.

Along the entire facade, which has a negative slope, there will be fixation points for the cradle. With their help, the cradle can be fixed and pulled closer to the facade as it descends or ascends. A self-propelled articulated boom lift with a maximum operating boom height of 18 m will be used to service the Arch facades.

The total time for washing glasses in the tower is 94 days. There are 20 people in the brigade. Washing of the facades of two buildings - 119 days outside and 104 days inside. The brigade is 20 people.

Photo 31.

The main entrance to the multifunctional complex Lakhta Center is made in the form of an arch. It is one of the largest unsupported arches in the world. Its height is almost 24 meters. Length - 98 meters. This is not quite a classical arch, but a complex vaulted building. The projection of the roof on the horizontal plane has the shape of a curvilinear crescent trapezoid.

Photo 32.

Pay attention to the very beautiful, elegant solution with the Arch facades - they will be mounted on glass pillars-columns. The result will be an incredible airy and fragile-looking spectacle! Nobody has ever made such glass columns in our country, and for this it was necessary to create a STU from scratch to approve such an option.

Photo 33.

Photo 34.

I can't wait to see how it all looks without a protective shell.

Photo 35.

And here we are at the observation deck. An amazing view of St. Petersburg and the surrounding area opens from here. This is a very convenient location of the skyscraper on the very border of the city limits in order to survey the entire city.

I took a bunch of pictures, I'll show you some of them:

Photo 37.

I am sure that this site will be very popular among tourists and residents of the city, because you can see almost the whole city from here.

Photo 38.

For a long time I could not stop looking at Peter from a height. The observation deck at the level of 360 meters in the tower will be available to everyone.

Photo 39.

Photo 40.

Photo 41.

Here's another dream of mine - to go on a cruise on a liner. You see - there is a port at a glance.

Photo 42.

This will be the highest site in Europe!

Photo 43.

As I already said, a separate entrance to the building will lead to the observation deck, a separate elevator and tourists and city residents will enjoy the views of St. Petersburg.

And here I am on the highest floor of a skyscraper - 90. Look how the trunk of the building's core ends here and at the top - only the spire.

Photo 44.

Remember the amazing installer's video that filmed the tower spire maintenance process from the very top? Take your breath away:

https://www.instagram.com/p/Bil4GeCBuBQ,

It is worth dwelling in more detail on the Multifunctional building of the Lakhta Center. It will have even more usable space than the entire skyscraper.

Photo 45.

About a third of the area of the complex is allocated for public spaces, and almost all of them, with the exception of the observation deck and the panoramic restaurant, are concentrated in the Multifunctional Building. For example, there will be a planetarium, a swimming pool, an educational center, a transformable hall.

Here's a look at the construction of the planetarium:

Photo 46.

And here is the future pool, swimming in which you can look at the Gulf of Finland:

Photo 47.

Also, the installation of a unique theatrical site is underway. It will be able to transform itself for a variety of needs and themes of performances that will be attended by city residents.

And there is also a street amphitheater. Here, with a view of the city, you can also hold various mass events; it is open for walks and visits by everyone. I think this will be a good point of attraction for both tourists and residents of the city.

Photo 48.

The construction is coming to its end. And for all the time of such a complex project, there was not a single serious accident. This is the result of the excellent organization of the construction process by the labor protection service of the Lakhta Center. I myself, of course, before visiting the construction site attended the briefing and listened to the safety rules.

Photo 49.

I want to clarify one more point for you. You have probably seen a similar photo on the Internet with the Lakhta Center skyscraper and the sights of St. Petersburg. You can also find extensive discussions of these photos in the manner that they say the skyscraper spoils the historical view of the city.

Photo 50.

photo author

But, I think you have already guessed that this is simply an optical illusion and a skillful use of telescopic lenses and shooting points.

This is what the Lakhta Center looks like from St. Isaac's Cathedral without a TV set:

Photo 51.

The TV set, very roughly speaking, brings the building closer to the background, without changing the scale of the front one. Implemented by a sophisticated lens system. And if scientifically, then: a large focal length of the lens (500-600 mm) gives a "compaction" of distance and objects in perspective. You can't see that with your eyes. The focal length of the lens corresponding to the device of the eye is 43 mm according to some data, and 50-55 mm according to others. In reality, Lakhta Center from the point of view visually barely reaches the height of Isaac.

The distance between Isaac and the tower is almost ten kilometers.

Photo 52.

This photo is from the Cessna

The builders will commission the facility by the end of this year, and then finishing and equipment will begin with the customer - Gazprom. I really hope that next year it will be possible to visit the Lakhta Center not as a construction site, but as a unique and modern multifunctional complex in St. Petersburg.

For those for whom the information seemed insufficient, ask in the comments or look for it on the official resources of the Lakhta Center:

Lakhta Center channel on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/lakhtacenter
There is a video about the technologies of the project, its construction stages and simply beautiful flights.

Lakhta Center Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lakhtacenter/
The most recent and interesting photos of the project are published here. Answers questions.

Lakhta Center:
what is worth
behind high-rise
frontiers

Partner project

Skyscrapers are the vanguard of the construction industry. Superhigh-rise buildings always require a special approach from their creators. In 2018, the construction of the Lakhta Center will be completed in St. Petersburg, which will become the tallest skyscraper in Europe. What technologies are used to build the St. Petersburg giant?

Europe's new height

The public and business complex "Lakhta Center" is being built in the Primorsky district of St. Petersburg, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Its center will be the headquarters of the Gazprom group and the Gazprom Neft company, the other part of the square will be occupied by public spaces: a scientific and educational complex for children and youth, a planetarium, exhibition spaces, medical and sports centers, a multifunctional transforming hall and others.

The complex consists of four structures: a multifunctional building with an atrium, a stylobate (parking and auxiliary premises will be located there), an arch of the main entrance and a 462 meter high skyscraper. It is he who will become the highest not only in Russia, but throughout Europe. The supertoll "Lakhta Center" by 88 meters will outgrow the current European record holder - the "Federation" tower in "Moscow City" - and will be on the 11th place in the world high-altitude rating.

Swamp construction

There is an opinion that St. Petersburg was built on sticky soils, and it is impossible to build skyscrapers here. Experts answer: you can build anywhere, but you need a good calculation. The construction of the St. Petersburg supertoll was preceded by a year and a half of engineering and geological research. The authors of the project studied the geological, geodetic, ecological, historical and cultural features of the site.

Device: base

Piles and protective wall

The foundation is protected from pressure and water in the upper layers of the soil by a pentahedral underground structure along the perimeter of the base of the skyscraper. Its height is 30 meters, the length of the walls is over 300 meters. There are 264 piles installed inside the pentagon, extending to a depth of 82 meters. Their diameter is 2 meters. These are the widest piles in the world. The piles of the foundation of the skyscraper are not hammered in, but created right on the spot - in the ground. The shaft is drilled out, then the reinforcement cage is installed and poured with concrete.

Foundation

The foundation of the skyscraper rests on piles. It consists of three slabs, separated by ten radial walls, radiating "rays" from the core. The most famous of the slabs is the lower one, 3.6 meters thick. It was she who got into the Guinness Book of Records: the builders in 49 hours laid 19 624 cubic meters of concrete in the base of the building. Moreover, the uniqueness of the slab is not in the physical size, but in the technique that provides the necessary bearing capacity with the optimal dimensions of the structure.

More about the record at the Lakhta Center site

Each pile under the tower is a separate complex engineering structure as high as a 30-storey building. Control over its construction is a whole system that includes video monitoring cameras lowered into the shaft and ultrasonic sensors installed in the reinforcement of the pile frame to determine the density and the absence of voids.

Pressure test

The weight of the Lakhta Center tower will be 670 thousand tons, pressing on the ground of a relatively small area. Under pressure, the soil will be compacted, and the skyscraper will settle - like any other building. The main task is to ensure that this draft passes evenly and the building does not deviate from the vertical. To monitor the behavior of the soil, underground structures and their interaction, a geomonitoring system has been created, which combines 4800 sensors.

The sensors are located both in the ground and in all elements of the tower's underground structures. So, 95 sensors "monitor" vertical displacements, 40 - for pore pressure of the soil, 336 measure deformations in piles, 10 - pressure under the base of the foundation, 2136 - the dynamics of forces in the structure of the foundation. All sensors are integrated into an automatic system. After the erection of every five new floors of the tower, the system issues a full report on what is happening with the soil, piles, and foundation. Such knowledge is useful not only for builders, but also for scientific research.

Vertical control

The sediment can pass evenly. But the building itself can be built with a slope. This will not be surprising at a height of almost half a kilometer: an uncorrected deviation of 1 mm at the bottom will lead to a deviation of 1 meter at the top. Lakhta Center cannot afford a strong tilt: a skyscraper is stable "tilted" only if it is specially designed (like, for example, Capital Gate - the building with the largest tilt in the world: at 160 meters in height - 18 degrees of bank). The maximum deviation of the Lakhta Center core allowed by the project is 6 millimeters for all 462 meters. And the goal is to shift the deviation delta to zero, although in world practice no one has yet succeeded in reaching absolute zero.

How does the St. Petersburg supertoll not turn into the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

There are examples of buildings in the world that successfully exist in a state of deviation from the vertical by meters. For example, the 1382 church in Bad Frankenhuisen: the deviation of the spire from the vertical is 4.45 meters with a "growth" of 25 meters.

Device: construction

It is a "pipe" with a diameter of 24.5 meters with a reinforced concrete wall thickness of 0.8 meters. Responsible for vertical stability.

Outriggers

Outriggers located on technical floors consist of a ring beam around the core and diagonal metal trusses and columns extending from it. These elements transfer forces from the core to the outer columns and reduce the support moment at the bottom of the building, as well as provide horizontal stiffness - for example, dampen the swing of the tower from the wind. There are five outriggers in the Lakhta Center tower, of which four have the form of double floors, and the fifth is atypical, in the form of a powerful reinforced concrete "washer"

Made of composite materials - steel core with reinforced concrete shell. This solution was applied for the first time in civil engineering in Russia. Thanks to him, the cost of the columns is significantly reduced, and the construction time

reduced by 40%, all other things being equal.

Twisted shape

According to the creators, the Lakhta Center tower was conceived as a modern interpretation of the high-rise dominant, which stands out against the background of the traditional horizontal buildings of St. Petersburg. Its "brothers" - the spire of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the Admiralty Needle, the dome of St. Isaac's Cathedral - adorn the city center, while the new supertoll will become an organizing element in the rapidly developing Primorsky District. The new skyscraper will play the role of the main accent of the business space, which will appear on the line of the “sea facade” of the city.

“The shape of the building symbolizes the energy of water, the flow of spaces, openness and lightness,” the authors of the project explain. - The effect of weightlessness and maximum fusion of the future complex with the environment will be enhanced through the use of a special type of glass, due to which, depending on the time of day, the high-rise building will change color, which will create the feeling of a “living object”.

Device: facade

The Lakhta Center tower is twisted around its axis by 90 degrees. There are certain peculiarities in the construction of such a building. For example, due to expansion, contraction and "twisting" all 189 thousand of the tower's metal structures differ from each other (strictly speaking, there are only two identical). The facade elements also differ in shape and bend: 16,505 panels cover an area of 72,500 square meters, while 71% of glass units differ from each other in size and geometry. The size of each glass unit is 2.8 by 4.2 meters, weight is 740 kilograms. To service such a whimsical structure, a special facade maintenance system (abbreviated as SOF) has been developed, with its help the facades will be kept clean and, if necessary, repaired.

How to collect 189,000 parts and never make a mistake?

Backlog for the future

Climbing heights is always a matter of having the right technology. Elevator, ventilation, electricity - at one time it was high-rise buildings that were the first to experience all these "novelties". After a successful start, the production of technologies became widespread: from the category of exclusive goods, they moved to the category of minimum standards for the construction of already standard housing and public buildings.

The construction of skyscrapers is responsible for the development of modern lifting construction equipment, the invention of structures for the stability of buildings, the introduction of new fire safety technologies, modern high-strength building materials. High-rise construction is an area where an order is formed for high-tech solutions, which will then be transferred to other areas of our life.

"Walking" mechanisms for the construction of a skyscraper

Petersburg "Lakhta Center" is actively introducing technologies - something for the first time in the regional and Russian construction market, something in the world. The significance of this construction site for the construction industry can be assessed later, but already now it is clear how the environment is changing: joint production enterprises appear, qualified personnel are growing, suppliers are using new technical solutions - this is how new heights in quality standards are being mastered.

They were preparing for the pouring of the lower slab in advance, because it is impossible to "redo" the work. The participants rehearsed as much as possible. For example, 13 concrete batching plants trained in the manufacture of a unique mix of concrete until they reached its absolute identity.

The filling rate was over 400 cubic meters per hour, and the mixers made more than 2,450 flights. The process was organized in such a way that local residents learned about the event from the media - there was no additional traffic jam on the busy Primorskoye highway, no noise from the construction site.

The deviation delta is monitored by surveyors. They have seven equipment systems (optical and laser) in their arsenal, duplication helps to double-check the readings of the devices. Three of the seven geodetic systems are presented in Russia for the first time, but managed to prove themselves well at the world's leading construction sites.

World Geodetic Premiere - Pulsed High Speed Laser Scanner with Dual Axis Compensator. The device is used for the first time in the construction of a skyscraper. With its help, the builders of Lakhta Center check the position of metal structures inside the concrete environment when manufacturing, for example, composite columns with a steel core inside a concrete structure.

To guide the nucleus in a strictly vertical course, the "space" technology is also involved - the geodetic device Trimble 4D Control. It uses a satellite signal and a geo-sensor system installed at the construction site. Using GPS and GLONASS readings, the system determines the exact coordinates of the core and the offset delta, which is constantly being corrected based on the data received.

BIM is used for assembly - a relatively new technology for Russia. It is a virtual three-dimensional model of the building that brings together all the data of the design documentation. When adding a time dimension, a virtual technology for the construction of an object is built: projects for organizing construction, production of work, logistics of supplies. At Lakhta Center, one more application was added to the standard use of the model. Due to its complex geometry, the tower is assembled from metal structures, each of which has the only possible mounting location. The correctness of the assembly is monitored, including with the help of BIM. On-site structures have barcodes associated with the BIM model. The part code unambiguously indicates its place of installation in the overall structure.

Builders say about the St. Petersburg supertoll that it is “handmade”. We are talking about the uniqueness of the solutions, and as far as labor is concerned, they automate everything that is possible. For example, a “sliding” (automated) formwork system is used to erect the core.

Formwork is a form for concreting, formed by two rows of boards, the space between which is the future wall of the core. The concrete is poured between the boards and hardens.

Conventional formwork has to be loosened, repositioned and reassembled - a huge waste of time and productivity. And the automatic one "moves" as the concrete is poured with the help of hydraulic jacks.

Such self-propelled tools are very fond of at the Lakhta construction site. The wind protection on the tower works according to a similar principle - its panels slide after the formwork. The "walking" mechanisms include a crane in the core of the tower - the first of its kind in St. Petersburg.

Now let's see how they build IGLU GAZPROM

The whole story began with the project of the Okhta Center complex, or Gazprom City. The complex with a 396-meter skyscraper was again planned to be tied to the Neva - it was supposed to rise on the cape, which is formed by the Neva and the Okhta river flowing into it. On the opposite side of the Neva is the famous Smolny Institute, which at one time was the headquarters of the Bolsheviks, and now serves as the residence of the governor of St. Petersburg. The project then made a lot of noise, mostly uninvolved. The glass needle of the skyscraper radically disharmonized with the architectural style of the St. Petersburg center, creating a new high-rise dominant, arguing with the spiers of the Admiralty and the Peter and Paul Cathedral. Such interference in the historic low-rise urban landscape seemed blasphemous to many.

In the end, Okhta Center became Lakhta Center: the construction of Gazprom's skyscraper, now 462 m high, was moved to the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland. There is no urban development nearby, and the historic center is as much as 9 km away, so the “needle” will no longer invade the recognizable outlines of old St. Petersburg. The complex of a high-rise building, an auxiliary building and an extensive recreational area is planned to be completed in 2018, and then ...

Is there any practical sense in the construction of such tall buildings where there seems to be no shortage of land? Of course, Lakhta is not crowded with American downtowns, but architecture is not always designed to fulfill a utilitarian function. Sometimes her task is to create symbols, objects of attraction. Historically, such centers of attraction were temples, which were supposed to rise above the surrounding buildings. There was no other meaning other than symbolic in this. When elevators appeared and cities began to grow rapidly, high-rise buildings became leaders and dominants. Lakhta Center will greet cruise liners and ferries going to St. Petersburg like the Statue of Liberty in the New York Bay, it will become a new symbol of the city, and this is its main aesthetic goal. This is the opinion of the authors of the project.

Even those who are not strong in geography will probably remember: the city, built in the delta, rests on loose, water-saturated soils. Everyone remembers the St. Petersburg metro line, torn by quicksand for almost a decade. In contrast to the textbook Manhattan, which is essentially a bare rock, in the St. Petersburg area the granite shield lies below 200 m, and it is hardly realistic to support the building on it. How to build a skyscraper here? It turns out that from the point of view of geotechnics - the science of soils - there are no monstrous difficulties in this case. In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where two twin super skyscrapers were being built, the situation was even worse: the buildings stand on 120-meter piles. Of course, it is too difficult to lean on the rocky ground in Lakhta - this would require piles of unprecedented length in world practice, so you have to use those that hold the building due to the friction force. The upper layers of the soil are very loose, but already below 30 m, rather hard Vendian clays begin, and the piles are held securely in them.

The traditional construction of the foundation of a skyscraper is an array of piles on which a powerful slab rests. In principle, something similar has been done in Lakhta, but the foundation of the St. Petersburg skyscraper will have its own characteristics. It is a box-like structure buried in the ground to a depth of 17 m. Thus, the building will appear to be “sunk” in the ground, which will serve as a more even distribution of the structure's weight and will help to avoid a strong settlement of the skyscraper in the future.

The outer boundary of the foundation is a wall in the ground (in the plan - a regular pentagon, or pentagon). It is not a supporting element, but protects the power part of the foundation from soil pressure, and most importantly, from groundwater seepage. Inside the wall, a foundation pit is dug in the ground, and so that the wall does not collapse, it is gradually strengthened with four reinforced concrete structures located one above the other - the so-called spacer discs. When the pit is ready, the heads of the pre-installed piles are exposed. Piles 264, and the length of the most powerful of them is 82 m. At the bottom of the pit, a concrete slab resting on the tops is poured, and reinforcement for the main supporting structure - the lower foundation slab - is already mounted on it. The designers did not have a shortage of space, and therefore they were able to support the building on a substantial footing in order to ensure maximum stability.

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The tragedy of the WTC towers in New York, and especially the terrible picture of their collapse, is so clearly engraved in the memory of each of us that the question "what will happen if ???" arises quite naturally, as soon as we are talking about a new high-rise structure. It should be remembered here that the main customer of the complex is Gazprom, and we can say that this building is of strategic importance for our economy.

That is why the task was set to ensure the highest safety standards. In principle, the skyscraper will be built according to the well-known scheme: a cylindrical reinforced concrete core, floors, columns along the outer contour. The WTC towers had about the same design. These were sturdy buildings designed to withstand a Boeing-747 strike, but the destruction of some of the structural structures of the outer contour led to the progressive destruction of others, resulting in a domino effect, and as a result the skyscrapers collapsed. The high-rise building of the Lakhta Center is designed in such a way that it can be supported on one core. It is possible to blow up all ten columns running along the outer contour, but even then the skyscraper will stand. This is a real fortress, which, according to the calculations of the architects, should survive for many decades.

The stability of the structure is a special scheme for redistributing the load of the outer contour of the building to the core. Every 16 floors, ten powerful consoles extend from the reinforced concrete core - a kind of hanging foundations on which a section of the building will additionally rest. There are four such outrigger levels in the skyscraper.

As a result, Lakhta Center will have a margin of safety that is unique among buildings of this kind, significantly exceeding the established international standards.

The reluctance to economize on safety does not mean that the idea of increasing the efficiency of a structure and reducing operating costs is completely alien to the authors of the project. On the contrary, it is very important for Gazprom, given that it is constructing a building “for itself,” to maintain its adherence to modern energy saving technologies, especially in the unfriendly St. Petersburg climate. For example, a building will have a double facade, that is, there will be an insulating layer of air between two glazing lines. The heating system will use such highly efficient devices as infrared emitters. In addition, the heat accumulated in the building from working computers and other office equipment will be removed and then used in the heating system. The air conditioning system has its own peculiarities - it is based not on the usual scheme for removing heat from the room to the outside, but on the underground cold accumulators, which can produce up to 1000 tons of ice per night, and then give it cold to the premises in the daytime. Also, presence detectors will become ubiquitous, which, when there is no one in the room, will turn off the lighting devices.

But will the building be inhabited from the lowest floors to the highest point? High-rise buildings erected for purely commercial purposes are often inhabited from top to bottom, and there are no "frills". However, if we are talking about a symbol, be it the building of the Moscow State University on Vorobyovy Hills in Moscow or the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, a significant part of their height is an uninhabited spire, designed to give the structure an aesthetic completeness. Given that the height of the Lakhta Center skyscraper will be 462 m, all the inhabited floors will be below 400 m. Everything above is an architectural element that will help the building function as a city landmark and decorate the sea gates of St. Petersburg.

The skyscraper in Lakhta will have a helical appearance, that is, its facades will be distinguished by a rather complex and asymmetrical surface. Especially interesting is the use of cold-formed glass, which makes it possible to make the glazing absolutely smooth. Together with a double façade, this will give unusual optical effects - for example, the reflection of clouds, as if rising diagonally along the wall of the building.

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The construction of a business and public center in Lakhta is not only an attempt to turn St. Petersburg towards the sea with a “human face”, but also an aspiration to follow the centrifugal tendency in modern urban planning. New business parks are being created far from dense urban development, there are large territories, there are no problems with parking. The flow of cars to Lakhta Center will always be in opposition to the flow that moves to the city center in the morning and rushes to the outskirts and suburbs in the evening. This will partially unload the historical center of St. Petersburg, and business activity in the Lakhta Center, on the contrary, will intensify. Of course, the accessibility of the Lakhta Center will be ensured not only for motorists, but also for those who use public transport: the complex will be connected to the city center by a metro line.

However, the purpose of Lakhta Center goes far beyond the task of providing the city with additional office space. In the skyscraper and in the auxiliary building, the project provides not only business premises, but a large Center for entertaining science for children, conference rooms, exhibition spaces, sports and medical complexes, cafes, restaurants, shops and even an ultra-modern planetarium. The vast adjacent territory will house squares, parks, walking paths and an amphitheater overlooking the Gulf of Finland.

We can say that the history of "Lakhta Center" is connected not only with urban planning and architecture. It so happened that the clash of interests of a large national corporation and the aspirations of civil society in the Northern capital regarding the Okhta Center did not lead to the triumph of one side to the detriment of the other, but to a new quality and to a new stage in the development of St. Petersburg.

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The construction of a high-rise building in the area of a deep river delta is a difficult task, but not impossible. The upper layers of the soil have quicksand properties, but the so-called Vendian clays lie at a depth of 30 m, which are comparable in hardness to natural stone. In this regard, it became possible to replace the slotted foundations with bored piles, which will hold the building not due to the support on the rock, but due to the friction force. The piles, the most powerful of which reach a length of 82 m, are not driven in, but installed. Such piles are called bored: first, a well is drilled, then a casing is lowered into it (so that the walls of the well do not crumble), reinforcement is installed inside the pipe, and then concrete is poured.

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Friends, today, I propose to take a walk around the environs of the public and business complex "Lakhta Center" being built in the Primorsky district of St. Petersburg.

"Lakhta Center" is a skyscraper being erected on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, in a picturesque place on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, the future headquarters of the "national curse of wealth", whose dreams come true - "Gazprom".

1. The approximate height of the skyscraper is 462 meters (87 floors). G The general contractor for the construction is Renaissance Construction.

The complex will consist of:
Office spaces zAimut 130 thousand sq. m., 43% of the total area of the complex.

Medical center phorse - 2, 5 thousand square meters. Functional - medical and diagnostic departments.

Sports complex phorse - 4.6 thousand square meters. Functional - gyms, fitness center, health improvement and relaxation centers.

Children's Scientific and Educational Center "World of Science"horse - 7 thousand square meters. The concept of the center was developed jointly with specialists from the University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO) and is based on the principle: "Tell me and I will forget, show me and maybe I remember, let me participate and I will understand." The center will be located in the MFZ. In the South building there is an exploratorium with interactive exhibits designed for different age groups. In the Northern building there is a scientific center with laboratories and lecture halls. The blocks will be connected to each other by a bridge - from entertainment activities to serious and in-depth immersion in the world of science and technology. After opening, the Lakhta Center exploratorium will be included in ECSITE - the European Community of Science Centers and Museums.

Planetarium in the form of a ball infor up to 140 people.

Multifunctional hall - transformer, with a capacity of 494 people. The transformability of the hall will make it possible to set different heights of walls and seats, remove seats, remove entire rows of seats, making this place more spacious (Executive Director of the Okhta UDC Alexander Bobkov).

Panoramic two-level restaurant with a revolving platform, located on the 74th-76th floors of the tower, at an altitude of 330 m.

The highest observation deck in Europe. It will be located from the 83rd to the 86th floor of the Lakhta Center, at an altitude of 357 m. The telescopes will be equipped with an interactive map of St. Petersburg, which will allow visitors to learn about the sights at the time of observation. A visit to the observation deck will be possible without prior registration and passes.

Permanent and temporary exhibitions will be located in the southern part of the MFZ. The area of the exhibition areas will be 1,500 m2, the ceiling height will be 12 meters, which will allow placing oversized exhibits there. An open space for art objects, sculptures and installations is expected on the northern square of the complex.

Restaurants and cafes will be located on five levels of the MFZ. The total number of seats is 1500.

Outdoor amphitheater for watching water shows inseating - up to 2 thousand people. The open stage area will be 1495 m². The open stage area will be 1495 m². City events are planned.

Green area and pedestrian bridge connecting Lakhta Center with the Park of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg.
The covered pedestrian bridge between the park and the public and business complex will become part of a new walking route - the city embankment along the Park of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg, connected by a bridge across the Lakhtinskaya harbor with a promenade and an amphitheater near the Lakhta Center.

2. At the time of the preparation of the report, work was being carried out on the 83rd floor, which is over 348 meters high.

3. The title of the tallest building in Europe is less than 30 meters away (Federation (eastern tower) 374 m.).

4. On the sides of the high-rise dominant there will be two buildings, which will be built with a height difference of 22 to 85 m.
The highest point of the southern building will be farther from the tower, and in the northern one, on the contrary, it will be directed towards the tower and the city.

5. Creators of the future landmark of the city and the tallest building in Europe.

6. Every minute a new batch of workers is brought to the construction site and the previous shift is taken away.

7. The FMS checks at the general construction contractor, Renaissance Construction, quite often, and there are no illegal immigrants at the construction site. Work on the project is carried out around the clock. Hard workers - about 3.5 thousand people.

8. The Lakhta Center tower consists of 189 thousand metal structures and floor beams, of which only 2 are the same. This uniqueness of the components is obtained due to the fact that the building is twisted, and each floor differs from the next by 3 degrees.

9. The glazing area of the complex will be 130 thousand square meters, including the towers - 77 thousand square meters. The weight of one glass unit of the facade is 740 kg.

10. Opposite the "Lakhta Center" apartments "Lakhta Plaza" are being built. For such a loud name, the architecture is too secondary, even on the grounds of the 300th anniversary of the park.

12. We pass to the park of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg.

14. It just so happens that the main modern dominants of the city are concentrated in one place: the new stadium "St. Petersburg Arena", the WHSD with a beautiful cable-stayed bridge and the Lakhta Center. The Primorsky District and its residents are lucky with the location.

15. A rare sunny and warm day.

16. I propose to look at the Yacht Bridge.

17. Yacht Bridge is a pedestrian bridge in St. Petersburg between Krestovsky Island and the park of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg.Commissioned on May 27, 2017.

18. It offers gorgeous sea views.

19. View of the alluvial territories of the Krestovsky and Vasilievsky islands, the construction site of the Novokrestovskaya station complex and the sea passenger port "Marine façade".

21. The length of the bridge with the approach section is 1 km; NSroadway irina - 9 m (2 lanes 4.5 m each); NSone-bridge navigable span - 16 m.

25. The entire alluvial territory of the western part of Krestovsky Island is being converted into parking lots for the stadium, I hope that there will be enough imagination to plant trees. I remember how they promised to create a green walking area here with beautiful views of the bay and the Lakhta Center.

29. Stadium! The fact that the bowl of the stadium is oval and the roof is round does not create the most presentable angles.

I recommend that you look into my previous report on the construction of the Lakhta Center, especially since a whole year has passed since its release !!!
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