The plural of French adjectives is an important topic to understand. French adjectives have a number. Usually the plural of adjectives is formed by adding an ending -s To singular(petit - petits). This ending is not pronounced, except when binding occurs (les grands amis)... But there are also special cases of the formation of the plural of adjectives, which we will consider below.
So Le pluriel des adjectifs.
The basic rule for the formation of plural adjectivesIf the singular adjective ends in – s, -x, then it does not change when the plural is formed. In oral speech, the ending is not pronounced, therefore, the article is most often the determinant of the plural. For example:
- Un vieux plafond - des vieux amis - old ceiling - old friends
- Un sourire faux - des billets faux - fake smile - fake tickets
If singular adjectives end in -al, then in the plural they change that ending to -aux:
- Un geste amical - des gestes amicaux - friendly gesture - friendly gestures
- Un problème principal - des problemes principaux - main problem - main problems
Exceptions: banal, fatal,glacial,natal,naval,final,pascal- these adjectives acquire an ending – plural s:
- Un conflict banal - des conflicts banals - banal conflict - banal conflicts
- Un concours final - des concours finals - final competition - final competitions
If singular adjectives end in – eau, in the plural they add a -x ending:
- Un beau matin - des beaux jours - beautiful morning - beautiful days
Feminine adjectives are plural, respectively. In this case, the plural of the same adjectives in the feminine and masculine gender may not coincide. For example:
- Masculine: Faux - plural faux
- Feminine: Fausse - plural fausses
If in the context of what has been said, some adjectives refer to the masculine and feminine gender at the same time, then in the plural they take the masculine form. For example:
- Paul et sa soeur Anne sont blonds. - Paul and his sister Anna are blonde.
- Michel et Marie sont bons amis. - Michelle and Marie are good friends.
If we use the pronoun in speech on in the meaning of "we", "they", "you", the plural is meant. In this case, we use the appropriate form of the plural adjective, which in its meaning refers to this pronoun. For example:
- André et moi, on est jumeaux. - Andrey and I are twins.
- Nadine et moi, on est jumelles (moi means feminine). - Nadia and I are twins.
But if the pronoun on is used in the meaning of "all", "people", then in this case the adjective is used in the masculine singular:
- On est satisfait de tout cela. - People (they) are happy with all this.
- On est bien aise de vous voir. Everyone is glad to see you.
If the pronoun on is used in the meaning of "man" or "woman", then we use the masculine or feminine form, respectively, but in the singular.
- Quand on est belle, on est capricieuse et coquette. - When you are beautiful, then you are capricious and flirtatious.
- Quand on est mère, on est heureuse. - When you are a mother, then you are happy.
And a few more important rules ...
Some adjectives for color remain unchanged. In most cases, these are adjectives that are derived from nouns. For example:
- Un pullover marron - des pullovers marron - des chaussures marron - brown pullover - brown pullovers - brown shoes
- Un pantalon orange - des bas orange - des blouses orange - orange pants - orange socks - orange blouses
But there are also exceptions:
- Ecarlate-écarlates (purple)
- Rose-roses (pink)
- Fauve-fauves (fawn)
- Mauve-mauves (purple)
- Pourpre-pourpres (purple)
Compound adjectives, which consist of two, both agree in number and gender with the related noun:
- Sourd-muet - sourds-muets - deaf and dumb - deaf and dumb
Compound adjectives that consist of two, if the first ends in -i or -o, only the second agrees in number and gender with the noun related to them, and the first does not change:
- Un cas tragi-comique - des cas tragi-comiques - tragicomic case - tragicomic cases
Complex adjectives for colors, both adjectives remain unchanged.
- Une blouse bleu foncé - des blouses bleu foncé - dark blue blouse - dark blue blouses
The plural of French adjectives is formed according to certain rules. They need to be remembered, they will be needed in the performance of practical exercises, as well as in speech.
§ 1 Determination of the gender of adjectives
In this lesson, we will consider the morphological features of an adjective. Let's remember that an adjective is an independent part of speech that denotes the signs of objects and answers the questions of what? which? which? which?
In a phrase and a sentence, the adjective is associated with the noun.
The noun is the main word, and the adjective is the dependent. A question for an adjective is asked from a noun, for example:
They bought me a blue ball. The ball (which one?) Is blue.
We saw a little dachshund. The dachshund (what?) Is small.
When determining the gender and number of a noun, it must be remembered that gender is a permanent feature of a noun, and number is variable.
An adjective always appears in the same form as a noun, in other words, it agrees in gender and number with an adjective. The connection between these parts of speech is called agreement.
Let's learn how to determine the gender of an adjective. To do this correctly, you need to find out what gender the noun belongs to, with which the adjective is associated. The name of the adjective will have the same gender.
The word ball refers to the masculine gender, which means
adjectives are also masculine.
The noun forget-me-not refers to the feminine gender, which means that adjectives are also feminine.
The word cloud is neuter, and adjectives are neuter too.
Pay attention to nouns and related adjectives. When you replace a noun of one gender with a noun of another gender, the ending of the adjectives changes. This means that adjectives change according to gender. Gender is a variable attribute of an adjective.
§ 2 Determination of the number of adjectives
The next morphological feature that we will consider in this lesson is a number. Let's take nouns of different genders, change them in numbers and see how this affects the endings of adjectives.
|
knife (what?) sharp |
knives (what?) sharp |
|
|
shovel (what?) sharp |
shovels (what?) are sharp |
|
|
blade (what?) sharp |
blades (what?) are sharp |
We see that adjectives, like nouns, change in numbers. But the gender of plural adjectives cannot be determined. The ending and question of a plural adjective do not change depending on the gender of the associated noun. Plural adjectives answer the question what? and have the endings -th, -th.
Let's summarize the lesson.
Adjectives change in numbers and in the singular in gender. Adjectives are associated with a noun and agree with it in gender and number.
In the plural, the gender of an adjective cannot be determined.
Let's reveal the secret of the endings -s, ee. To do this, you need to determine which sound ends in the stem of the adjective. A stem is a part of a word without an ending.
The roads are funny, sad,
Now near, now far,
Both light and hard,
Winding, mountainous.(S. Mikhalkov)
(Torny means smooth, even)
In words funny, sad, torny, winding, mountainous stem ends in solid sound l, n, T.
In words near, far, light stem ends in a soft consonant n", To" .
If the stem of an adjective ends in a solid sound, the ending is written: s.
If the stem ends in a soft sound, the ending is different: no.
There are exception words. Let's find them in riddles.
In the summer in the garden they are fresh, green, and in the winter they are salted in a barrel.(Cucumbers)
When she looks into the garden
The grapes will become more transparent
Big apples are redder
And late pears are tastier.(Autumn) (I. Kulskaya)
Fresh, large, green, salty - the stem ends in a solid consonant, but write zhi-shi with the letter I, so the ending -ee is written.
Late - the stem ends in a soft consonant, the ending is -ie. Another spelling is an unpronounceable consonant sound, the test word is late.
Let's choose adjectives and write them down, following the commands of nouns.
Birds of Paradise.
Bird feathers…,…. ,….,… .. In form they are…. : some -…, others -…. with tassels on the wings, others -…. Legs …. and .... because they live in trees. …. birds!
Help Desk: yellow, orange, green, black, unusual, wide, narrow, fluffy, strong, tenacious, fabulous. (see Fig. 2)
Birds of Paradise.
Bird feathers (what?) Are yellow, orange, green, black. They are (what?) Unusual in shape: some are wide, others are narrow with tassels on their wings, and still others are fluffy. Legs (what?) Are strong and tenacious, because they live in trees. Fabulous birds!
People admiring the beauty of birds of paradise are often surprised by their croaking. And there is nothing surprising: these birds are close relatives of our common crow.
What nouns can be used with an adjective tasty?
vermicelli
Orange
Delicious oranges, zucchini, sweets, cucumbers, pies, salads.
Nouns from the first column do not change numerically. Nouns bread, butter, milk, jam, chocolate, noodles are singular.
Funny people.
In the distant ... times in Russia there lived merry ... people - amusements. Holidays, folk ... festivities were not complete without these people. The buffoons staged puppet shows ... performances right on the streets. Druzhn ... mobs could be seen in villages and cities. The amusers carried balls of different colors ... yes boxes of massacres ..., next to them were mummers ... goats and bears on chains. The musicians carried their musical ... instruments.(According to I. Nikitina)
What times? distant, what kind of people? funny, th, what kind of festivities? folk, th, what representations? puppet, th, mobs (these are noisy crowds) what? friendly, th, what balls? multi-colored, th, what boxes? carved, th, what kind of goats? mummers, th, what tools? musical.
Matryoshka.
Matryoshka is a (wooden) doll. The (Russian) masters have endowed the matryoshka with beauty. Matryoshka has a (ruddy) face, (blue) eyes, (scarlet) lips, (sable) eyebrows. A (smart) shawl and a (bright) dress complement the beauty of the toy. (Russian) matryoshka - (best) gift.
What is the doll (is she)? wooden, singular, ferrous
What are the masters? Russians, plural
What face (is it)? ruddy, singular, Wed.
What eyes? blue, plural
What sponges? scarlet, plural
What eyebrows? sable, plural
What shawl (is she)? smart, singular, f.
What dress (is it)? bright, singular, Wed.
What kind of matryoshka (is she)? Russian, singular, f.
What gift (is he)? best, singular, m.r.
Matryoshka.
Matryoshka is a wooden doll. Russian masters have endowed the matryoshka with beauty. The matryoshka has a rosy face, blue eyes, scarlet lips, sable eyebrows. An elegant shawl and a bright dress complement the beauty of the toy. Russian nesting doll is the best gift.
Put adjectives in the form you want. Determine the number of adjectives and gender in the singular.
Tundra in summer.
The summer tundra is multicolored. On the melted water there are motley ... birds. On the hummocks there are bright ... flowers. Reindeer lie lazily fed ... Their branchy ... horns at the golden sunset are like a fabulous ... bone forest. And there is endless ... silence.(According to N. Sladkov)
Tundra in summer.
The summer (what?) Tundra is multicolored (f.y.). On melt water, motley (what?) Birds (plural). On the hummocks there are bright (what?) Flowers (plural). Well-fed (what?) Deer (plural) lie lazily. Their branched (what?) Horns (plural) at golden sunset are like a fabulous (what?) Bone forest (m.w.). And all around the endless (what?) Silence. (female units) (According to N. Sladkov)
In the lesson, you learned that a plural adjective always has one command - which ones? The adjective, obeying this command, is used in the plural. For adjectives in the plural, the gender does not differ, since the endings are always the same: -th or non.
- MS Soloveichik, NS Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Textbook. Grade 3: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- MS Soloveichik, NS Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Workbook. Grade 3: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. Grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- T. V. Koreshkova Practice! A notebook for independent work in the Russian language for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - SPb .: KARO, 2003
- G.T.Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008
- School-collection.edu.ru ().
- School-collection.edu.ru ().
- Festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson" ().
- Insert letters. Guess on what basis the words are combined. Find the "extra" combination of words.
fast ... rivers
far away ... mountains
fragrant ... lilies of the valley
mighty ... pine
rare ... forest
autumn ... mushrooms
- Write plural phrases.
Friendly team - …
Friendly family - …
Friendly link - ...
City Park - …
Town Square - …
City building - ...
- Solve spelling problems in the endings of adjectives.
Chuck and Gek Walk.
Children walked to the spring along a narrow ... path. Above them a cold ... blue sky shone. How fabulous ... the castles rose to the sky high ... the cliffs. In the frost…. in the silence curious ... magpies chirped sharply. Ser… yurk… squirrels were jumping between the cedar branches.
Kalinina O.P.
6 cl. Topic: Declination of adjectives in plural. number.
Target:
To acquaint students with the peculiarities of the declension of adjectives
in plural.
Develop speech, attention, memory, fine motor skills, vocabulary.
Foster positive motivation to learn.
During the classes
1. Actualization of knowledge and difficulty in individual activities
Target:
Update educational knowledge and skills necessary for perception
new material
- What do you know about adjectives? (Adjectives are
a part of speech that denotes a sign of an object and answers the questions what ?,
what?, what?, what? Adjectives vary in number, gender and
cases)
1.Add to noun App. Apple-cucumber-sky-mom-friendship-table-hair-
Add to adj. Exs. Smooth - Soft - Round - Hard - Sweet - Juicy
2. On the chalkboard, inflect adjectives: delicious tomato, funny baby,
- What do these adjectives have in common? (Singular, masculine)
- And what are the endings? (The same)
- So how do adjectives in the singular change? (V
singular adjectives change by gender and case)
- How to determine the case of an adjective in the singular? (Death
the name of the adjective is determined by the case of the noun to which
it applies)
- Put phrases interesting lesson in the nominative case
plural.
- Is it possible to determine the gender of adjectives in the plural. In what
difficulty? (Gender not determined)
This means that the gender cannot be determined for plural adjectives.
2.New material
Agree on the purpose and topic of the lesson.
- Can we say that plural adjectives change
by cases? (Not really-?)
- What do you think we will work on today in the lesson? Who
will formulate the topic of the lesson? (Declination of adjectives in plural
number)
Let's decline now
Option I - Interesting books
Option II - Happy days
Those who want to try their hand independently go to the board.
- In what cases do plural adjectives have the same
endings?
- How can you determine the case of an adjective in the plural?
(The case of an adjective in the plural can be recognized by the case of the name
noun)
- What's new about the plural adjective? Make a conclusion.
3. Initial consolidation Working with the textbook (exercises)
- Read the rules to yourself and out loud.
- What have you learned about changing plural adjectives?
4. Physical education
I will name phrases that include nouns and
adjectives. If I use plural adjectives
then you squat. if in unit. raise your hands
Faithful friends, about forest plants, in the wilderness steppes, in the dense
forests, warm April, bright stars, deep rivers, blue pencil,
in huge cities, a fragrant flower, in the dark
caves, small village, kind hearts, bright sun.
5.Work in groups
You have cards on your table. Read
assignment and explain in your own words what needs to be done. (Insert and select
endings, determine case)
On the blue couch
To the old house
With a red ball
By a tall tree
In wide open spaces
On a country road
- How to determine the case of plural adjectives?
Make a sentence from the given words.
South, from, flew in, from, birds, spring, offensive.
- Underline the main members of the proposal. Determine the gender and case of names
adjectives.
6. Differentiated task
Green card.
Copy the text by inserting adjectives that are appropriate in meaning. Determine the case
Spring has come with ... birds, ... streams, ... flowers. In the ... forest in the snow patterns of ... footprints are visible.
Run ... streams.
RED CARD
Copy the text by adding words that match the meaning. Determine the case
plural adjectives.
Winter came with ... frosts, ... blizzards, ... snowdrifts. In ... the forest in the snow are visible
patterns ... traces. Run ... streams.
Blue card.
Write down the text by inserting missing adjective endings. Determine the case
plural adjectives.
Spring has come with choristers ... ... birds, with bells ... streams, with bright ... flowers. In the spring ...
in the forest in the snow patterns of animals ... traces are visible. The bell is running .. streams.
7. Reflection of educational activities
- How do plural adjectives change? (Only by
cases)
- How do the names of plural adjectives not change? (Not
vary by gender).
Sections: Primary School
Target:
- To acquaint students with the peculiarities of adjectives in the plural, with the peculiarities of the declension of adjectives in the plural.
- To form the ability to inflect and use plural adjectives.
- Develop speech, memory, thinking, the ability to analyze and draw conclusions.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
(2 slide)
– Today in the lesson there will be difficult work, we will need your knowledge, a bright mind, and, of course, your great desire to learn and learn new things. .
- How would you like to see a Russian lesson today?
(Opens chalkboard entry :)
Lesson
- interesting
- informative
- developing
- fruitful
- Explain each concept. What do these words have in common?
II. Repetition of the past
(4 slide)
- What is an adjective?
- What role do adjectives play in our speech?
- How does the singular adjective change? ( Ending repeat according to the table)
- How to find out the gender, number and case of an adjective?
- How should unstressed endings of adjectives be checked?
- So you said that the lesson should be ______________
- To get a lesson like this, the actions of one teacher are not enough, your help is also needed.
- What should be the students in the lesson? (students answer)
Writing on the blackboard
Students:
- active
- thinking
- workable
- attentive
- neat
- disciplined
- Can you become like that?
- What is common in these words?
- Tell me, what part of the speech are we going to talk about today?
– What is the topic of the lesson.
III. Topic: "Declension of adjectives in the plural"
(7 slide)
- What do you think you should learn and learn
Goals.
- Today in the lesson we will continue our acquaintance with plural adjectives.
- We will learn to write correctly the case endings of plural adjectives
We will continue to learn how to competently answer questions, write beautifully and competently.
IV. Calligraphic minute
(9 slide)
- Select the endings of adjectives in the plural.
- Name them.
- For a minute of spelling, we will write the letters, which in our example are plural endings of adjectives.
- Determine the order of writing the letters in this chain:
eeeeeeeeee
(In the first chain, after the end of the hard-stemmed plural adjectives, the endings of the soft-stemmed adjectives are written twice, and vice versa in the second)
Write this chain of letters in the specified sequence to the end of the line.
V. Vocabulary work
Scenic(yazyavnosip), active ( yyatniv), delicate(one-to-one), silver(esnyrbeyare)
Working in pairs
- Decipher the words and write them down in a notebook.
- Determine the genus.
Examination
- Read the words
- Check the spelling of words on the board
- What are the letters to remember?
- Determine the genus
- Which word caused the difficulty?
The question arises, will the plural adjective change at all by gender?
This, we have to find out
Vi. Working on new material
(9 slide)
Uch .: Today we will conduct a study of educational material on the topic of the plural adjective, you will answer the questions posed to you, draw your own conclusions and explain the educational material to others.
- Questions you will have to answer.
(On the desk.)
We work in groups.
- Let's start the study of the adjective.
Group 1: How do plural adjectives change?
- (on sheets)
- Do the endings of adjectives change?
- In what cases are the endings similar in what are different?
Questions: Make a conclusion. Write it down.
Group 2: What are the plural endings of adjectives? Create a table of endings
- How to inflect plural adjectives: slender birches, small bushes(on sheets)
- highlight the endings of adjectives.
- Create a table of endings.
- In which cases are the endings similar, in which they are different?
| Im.p. | Which? | -th, -th |
| R. p. | Which ones? | -th, -th |
| D. p. | How? | -th, -im |
| V. p. | Which? | -th, -th |
| Ect. | Which ones? | -mi, -imi |
| P. p. | (about) what? | -them, -them |
Output. Write it down in the table.
Group 3: How to check the spelling of unstressed plural endings of adjectives?
- How to inflect plural adjectives: slender birches, small bushes(on sheets)
- Put stress on adjectives
- Compare drums and unstressed endings.
- How can you check unstressed adjective endings?
Group 4: Do adjectives change in the plural by birth?
- Decline adjectives in the plural: slender, small (birches, bushes, trees)
- Highlight the endings of adjectives.
- What kind of nouns did you inflect adjectives with?
- Did the adjective endings change?
- Do plural adjectives change by gender?
Output. Make a conclusion. Write it down.
Group 5: How to determine the case of an adjective in the plural?
Winter forests, about huge pines, from green leaves, delicious buns, thin branches, to small islands, rich harvest, with funny monkeys, in the forest twilight, mighty heroes, interesting people
- Highlight the endings of adjectives.
- Determine the case of words in a phrase (Remember how the case of adjectives in the singular was determined)
- How to determine the case of an adjective?
Output. Make a conclusion. Write it down.
Examination
Everyone worked with phrases: slender birches, small bushes
1. Let's check how you declined these phrases, each group names the phrase
What endings did you write in adjectives?
Uch: -each group conducted research and answered the questions posed
We listen to their findings
2. A representative from the group speaks
Generalization by plan
How do plural adjectives change?
Do plural adjectives change by gender?
How do you know the case of an adjective in the plural?
- How does a plural adjective change?
- What are the plural endings of adjectives? Create a table of endings.
- How to check the spelling of unstressed plural endings of adjectives?
- Do plural adjectives change by gender?
- How to determine the case of an adjective in the plural?
Registration of memos
Securing the new
1. Physical minutes (sitting at the desks)
I call adjectives, if you spread your hands to the sides, if you raise your hands in the plural
low clouds, about houseplants, silver sparks, winter days, a loved one, slender trees, a balloon, carved patterns, on a bright fire, deep roots, wavy clouds, along a night street.
2. Insert the ending and determine the case
(On the desk)
About frosty days (P. p.), In winter coats (P. p.) Snow flakes (R. p.) Cold weather (P. p.), Tall trees (I. p.), In luxurious, winter headwear (P. p.), In snow mittens (P. p.), Fluffy snow (T. p.), In silver frost (D.p.), slender birches (I.p.)
1. Write down in a notebook and determine the case
2. Verification
Frontal work
Read the phrases, name the endings, case
Creative work
Using these words, write a mini-essay on the theme "Winter Forest"
Preparatory work
- Look at the illustrations of the winter forest, how magnificent the picture of the winter forest is!
And this is how our artist depicted the winter forest
Redvanskaya Vlada (Student painting)
Now you will listen to the work of P.I. Tchaikovsky Seasons
Listening to the music, write how you imagine a winter forest
Examination
Children read essays at will
Vii. Lesson summary
Complete the sentences.
At the lesson
- I found out …
- I learned …
- I like it…
Sources:
- Rick T.G. "Hello, Noun!"
- G.A. Bakulin "Intellectual development in the Russian language"
