Home Vegetables The concept of socially significant personality traits. What is included in the "registry" of the most significant social qualities of a person? Organization and research methods

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The concept of socially significant personality traits. What is included in the "registry" of the most significant social qualities of a person? Organization and research methods

As a person, a person is characterized by the level of development of his consciousness, the correlation of his consciousness with social consciousness, which, in turn, is determined by the level of development of a given society. In the properties of the personality, the possibilities of this person to participate in social relations are manifested..

The totality of personality traits - temperament, abilities, character

The totality of mental properties forms mental warehouse of personality. The structure of the mental properties of a person

The following can be distinguished as relatively independent components of the personality structure (its substructures):

1) dynamics her mental processes - temperament;

Temperament - a set of typological features of a person, manifested in the dynamics of his mental processes: in the speed and strength of his reactions, in the emotional tone of his life.

Various combinations of these properties form the following four types of higher nervous activity:

I. Strong, balanced (the process of excitation is balanced with the process of inhibition), mobile (the processes of excitation and inhibition easily replace each other). This type of higher nervous activity corresponds to sanguine temperament.

II. Strong, unbalanced (the process of excitation prevails over the process of inhibition), mobile. This type of higher nervous activity corresponds to the choleric temperament.

III. Strong, balanced, inert (the processes of excitation and inhibition are not very mobile). This type of higher nervous activity corresponds to phlegmatic temperament.

IV. Weak (the nervous system cannot withstand a large and prolonged load), unbalanced, inert. This type of higher nervous activity corresponds to melancholy temperament.

Along with the totality of the properties of nervous activity that determine one or another temperament, the following mental features can be distinguished, which in various combinations are included in the corresponding temperament.

1. Speed and intensity of mental processes, mental activity.

2. The predominant subordination of behavior to external impressions - extraversion or its predominant subordination to the inner world of a person, his feelings, ideas - introversion.

3. Adaptability, plasticity, adaptability to external changing conditions, mobility of stereotypes. (Reduced adaptability, inflexibility - rigidity).

4. Sensitivity, sensitivity, emotional excitability and strength of emotions, emotional stability.

Types of temperament:

Sanguine temperament. The sanguine person is distinguished by easy adaptability to changing living conditions, increased contact with people around him, and sociability. Feelings of a sanguine person easily arise and quickly change. A sanguine person quickly forms temporary connections, his stereotypes are quite mobile. In a new environment, he does not feel constraint, is capable of quickly switching attention and activity. People with a sanguine temperament are most suitable for activities that require quick reactions, significant efforts, and distribution of attention.

choleric temperament. The choleric person is characterized by increased emotional reactivity, fast pace and sharpness in movements, great energy and straightforwardness in relationships. The increased excitability of a choleric person under adverse conditions can become the basis of irascibility and even aggressiveness.

With the appropriate motivation, the choleric is able to overcome significant difficulties, to give himself to business with great passion. It is characterized by a sharp change of mood. A person with a choleric temperament achieves the greatest effectiveness in activities that require increased reactivity and a significant one-time effort.

Phlegmatic temperament. The reactions of the phlegmatic are somewhat slowed down, the mood is stable. The emotional sphere is outwardly little expressed. In difficult life situations, the phlegmatic person remains quite calm and self-possessed, does not allow impulsive, jerky movements, since the processes of inhibition in him always balance the process of excitation. Correctly calculating his strength, the phlegmatic shows great perseverance in bringing the matter to the end. Switching attention and activity is somewhat slow. His stereotypes are inactive and behavior in some cases is not flexible enough. The phlegmatic achieves the greatest success in those activities that require a uniform exertion of strength, perseverance, stability of attention and great patience.

Melancholic temperament. The melancholic is characterized by increased vulnerability, a tendency to deep feelings even about minor events. His feelings arise easily, are poorly restrained, outwardly distinctly expressed. Strong external influences hinder its activity. He is introverted, withdrawn, refrains from contact with strangers, avoids new surroundings. Under certain conditions of life, shyness, timidity, indecision and even cowardice are easily formed in him. In a favorable stable environment, a melancholic can achieve significant success in activities that require increased sensitivity and reactivity.

Thus, temperament is an individually peculiar set of naturally conditioned mental characteristics of an individual. These features include: general neuropsychic activity - intensity, tension, pace and rhythm of reactions, actions, features of their growth and decay, which are manifested in the motor, intellectual and communicative spheres of the individual; emotional organization of the individual - excitability, reactivity, stability, controllability of emotions.

Temperament determines only the dynamic features of the ways of activity and behavior.

2) mental capabilities personality, in certain types of activity - abilities;

Ability - a set of congenital anatomical, physiological and acquired regulatory properties that determine a person's capabilities in a particular type of activity.

Abilities are the functional integration of such personality traits that are most necessary for the performance of this type of activity. Abilities are a measure of the correspondence of personality properties to the requirements of a particular activity. Each activity imposes a set of requirements on the physical and mental capabilities of a person.

There are general abilities that are inherent in one way or another to all people, that is, such properties of people that are necessary for all types of activity: in work, in knowledge, communication, etc.

General abilities are divided into complex ones - the ability to assimilate new knowledge, observation, the general level of intellectual development, etc., and elementary ones - the ability to mentally reflect reality, the necessary level of development of perception, memory, thinking, will, etc.

The main individual personality traits associated with special abilities.

Psychomotor organization of personality- features of mental regulation of movements; they are manifested in the trajectory, speed, pace and strength of movements, in their freedom or tension. The sharpness of a person's movements makes it difficult for him to master those professions that require accuracy of movements, and insufficient coordination of movements makes it difficult to work in the field of gymnastics, choreography, etc.

Sensory organization of personality- the level of development of the sensitivity of various analyzers characteristic of a person and their integration into a sensory system.

The sensitivity of the analyzers varies significantly depending on the content of the activity (sensitization). Thus, experienced grinders are able to see gaps of 0.05 mm, while all other people see gaps of only 0.1 mm. Steelmakers with extensive experience determine its temperature and the presence of certain impurities in it by the barely noticeable light shades of molten steel. Artists are able to see the difference in the size of two objects even when they differ by one hundredth.

Perceptual organization of personality- individual features of perception (analytical or synthetic type).

People with an analytical type of perception tend to highlight, first of all, details, particulars, details. They sometimes have a somewhat difficult understanding of the phenomenon as a whole.

People with a synthetic type of perception are prone to a generalized reflection of objects and phenomena without a clear isolation of details and individual elements.

It is also possible to single out an emotional type of perception, which is characterized by a concentration of attention not so much on the object of perception as on the experiences caused by this object. It is also essential such a quality of personality as observation, especially for the profession of a lawyer.

Mnemic organization of personality- the predominant development of certain types and qualities of memory. For example, philosophers, mathematicians, etc. logical memory is more developed, for artists - emotional and figurative, for composers - auditory.

Intellectual organization of personality - individual features of thinking: 1) consistency and conclusiveness of thinking; 2) the ability to generalize factual material; 3) the ability to correlate the conditions of the problem with the available data, to determine the missing links and the sequence of tasks in solving a particular problem; 4) establishing essential links between phenomena and clearly separating them from non-essential random links; 5) the ability to abandon the prevailing patterns of thinking, to show the flexibility of the mind, to find a new point of view on certain circumstances.

The emotional sphere of the personality - emotional reactivity, excitability, the degree of influence of emotions on other mental processes - emotional stability, sthenic or asthenic nature of emotions.

Each person has his own sphere of the most pleasant experiences for him 1 . This determines the type of emotional orientation of the individual. In the emotional sphere of a person, aspirations for pleasure, for cognitive emotions, for aesthetic pleasure, for emotions associated with practical activities or the fulfillment of a moral duty, as well as such typical states as cheerfulness, anxiety, aggressiveness, etc., may prevail.

Volitional sphere of personality characterized by such properties as willpower - the ability to make the necessary volitional efforts, tensions, stamina, the ability to perform repeated volitional acts, independence or suggestibility, as well as decisiveness - the ability to quickly assess the situation and make specific decisions.

The volitional qualities of a person, being character traits, are directly related to the abilities of the individual.

The development of individual general abilities creates an opportunity for the formation of special abilities. But each person has abilities inherent only to him in certain types of activity and at the same time a certain incapacity for other types of activity, that is, such properties that are unfavorable for certain types of activity.

The set of abilities that determines the successful activity of a person in broad areas of activity is called giftedness.

A high ability for a specific type of activity in which a person achieves great creative results is called talent. Unique abilities that allow you to achieve outstanding results, which are the achievements of the era, are called genius.

3) appearing in the corresponding generalized ways of behaving, orientation determines the nature of the individual.

Character - acquired in specific social conditions, the general ways of interaction of the individual with the environment, constituting the type of her life.

The originality of the character of each person is determined by his orientation (sustainable motivational sphere of the personality) and the peculiarities of the implementation of activities - volitional qualities.

Character is an individual typological combination of value orientations and regulatory features of the personality.

Character traits and types of characters differ.

Character traits are expressed in certain general features of behavior, and the type of character is expressed in general ways of interacting with the environment. Diverse character traits are combined into the following groups.

1. Strong-willed character traits- stable individual typological features of conscious, conceptually mediated regulation of activity and behavior. These include: focus, independence, determination, perseverance, etc.

Purposefulness- the ability to bring to the fore those motives of behavior that are associated with the basic principles and goals of the individual.

The promotion of the main goal in a certain period of life and the subordination of one's behavior to it is purposefulness.

Independence- the ability to subordinate behavior to one's own views, principles and beliefs, this is relative independence from the diversity of requirements of various small groups; critical evaluation of advice and guidance. This character trait should not be confused negativism- counteraction to any influence emanating from other people. The tendency to unreasonably resist any influences, as well as increased suggestibility, is a sign of weak will.

Independence implies initiative in setting goals, finding ways and means to achieve them.

Independence also implies an increased activity of the individual, which should not be confused with fussiness, when the increased expressiveness of the individual, verbosity, and excessive mobility hide the vacuity of behavior. If activity is the need to carry out actions that are necessary at the moment, then fussiness is inappropriate activity.

Determination- the ability in difficult, conflict circumstances to make a well-founded, sustainable decision in a timely manner and enforce it. The opposite negative quality is indecision, which manifests itself in excessive hesitation, in delaying the decision-making or in excessive haste of the decision, when a person seeks to avoid the tension associated with the struggle of motives.

Decisiveness is also manifested in the ability of a person to stop performing an action when the situation changes, when it ceases to be appropriate. Decisiveness is associated with a person's confidence, with the presence of a stable orientation base.

persistence- the ability to achieve the goal through overcoming significant difficulties, endurance to moral and physical stress, persistent attitude to failures and even defeats, persistent search for new means to achieve the previously set goal. In many cases, perseverance is associated with tolerance, the patience of a person - the ability of a long-term opposition to adverse influences and opposition from other people.

Endurance and self-control- the ability to control one's behavior in difficult conflict conditions, the ability to refrain from unnecessary actions, restrain one's emotions and feelings, prevent impulsive actions, regulate one's mood, not lose one's presence of mind in difficult and even dangerous situations, endure hardships, failures, physical suffering . This quality is essential for high moral behavior.

Courage- ability to self-control in dangerous situations, readiness and ability to achieve goals, despite the danger,

Courage- the ability to show courage in extremely life-threatening conditions, readiness for self-sacrifice in the name of achieving high goals. Opposite negative qualities are cowardice, cowardice - hypertrophied fear for one's life and well-being, disregard for principles and moral feelings in dangerous situations.

Discipline- the ability to subordinate behavior to the rules, norms, requirements of society as a whole and individual social groups; the ability to exert great effort to best meet these requirements.

A different combination of volitional qualities determines strong-willed temperament personality. The main features of the strong-willed personality are:

wholeness character - the stability of the positions and views of the individual in various situations, the consistency of words and deeds;

strength character - ergicity (energy and endurance) of a person, his ability to long-term stress, to overcome difficulties in stressful situations;

hardness character - strength of character combined with integrity;

equilibrium- the optimal ratio of activity and restraint, evenness of behavior, the use of all their capabilities in any conditions.

2. Emotional character traits- stable individual-typological features of direct, spontaneous regulation of behavior.

According to the emotional qualities, natures differ: emotionally impressionable(increased emotional reactivity), sentimental(increased passive-contemplative emotionality), passionate, expressive (increased emotionality associated with violent, rapid activity), unemotional(emotions do not play a significant role in activity).

The most important emotional feature is the prevailing mood of a person, his emotional stability,

Along with emotions, personality traits are determined by the characteristics of feelings. The breadth and depth of stable feelings, their effectiveness and harmonious combination with the intellectual and volitional spheres are the most important characterological feature of a person.

3. Intellectual Traits- stable individual typological features of mental abilities.

Intellectual qualities distinguish between natures with a theoretical or practical mindset, with varying degrees of flexibility and depth of intellect, the speed of thought processes, with different abilities for creative transformation of elements of experience; independence in posing and solving new problems. Among the qualities that characterize the intellectual warehouse of a person, there are productivity mind, his originality, clarity and others, that is, general intellectual giftedness, possession of generalized ways of thinking, as well as sustainable intellectual orientation personalities - curiosity, prudence, thoughtfulness and etc.

Intellectual character traits, as well as his volitional and emotional qualities, are formed on the basis of his predominant interactions with the environment.

The same qualities of character in different people manifest themselves in a peculiar way. It depends on the type of higher nervous activity, temperament, biological characteristics of the organism, on the state of the nervous system, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, age, etc.

A character consists of two groups of properties - motivational and performing. Sustainable motivational properties, that is, the orientation of the individual, are an indicator of the level of development of the individual. This area of personality is most associated with intellect, emotions and feelings.

The performing sphere of the personality - the features of its conscious self-regulation, are determined by the volitional qualities of the personality. But various volitional qualities of a person can be developed to an unequal degree. So, a great strength of character can be combined with some of his imbalance, firmness of character - with his lack of purposefulness, etc. It depends on the circumstances of life, on the requirements that were mainly presented to a person on his life path.

Along with individual character traits, one can single out a general way of adapting a person to reality - a type of human character. When determining the type of character, that essentially common in the characters of individual groups of people is distinguished, which determines the style of their life, the way of adaptation to the environment.

Character types:

1. Harmoniously holistic type well adaptable to different situations. This type of character is distinguished by the stability of relationships and at the same time high adaptability to the environment. A person with this type of character has no internal conflicts, his desires coincide with what he does. This is a sociable, strong-willed, principled person.

2. Internally conflicting type, but externally consistent with the environment. This type of character is distinguished by the inconsistency between internal impulses and external behavior, which, in accordance with the requirements of the environment, is carried out with great tension.

A person with this type of character is prone to impulsive actions, but these actions are constantly restrained by volitional efforts. The system of his relations is stable, communicative properties are quite developed.

3. Conflict type with reduced adaptation. This type of character is characterized by conflict between emotional urges and social obligations, impulsiveness, the predominance of negative emotions, and underdevelopment of communicative properties.

4. Variable type, adapting to any conditions as a result of the instability of positions, unscrupulousness. This type of character indicates a low level of personality development, the absence of a stable general way of behavior. Spinelessness, constant adaptability to external circumstances is a surrogate for the plasticity of behavior; it should not be confused with genuine plasticity of behavior, with the ability to take into account circumstances in order to achieve one's main goals, while not deviating from socially positive norms and requirements.

4) orientation personality - its characteristic needs, motives, feelings, interests, assessments, likes and dislikes, ideals and worldview

Need - the need to equalize deviations from the parameters of life that are optimal for a person as a biological being, individual and personality.

Needs determine orientation the psyche of a given person, its increased excitability to certain aspects of reality.

Needs are divided into natural and cultural. Cultural needs are divided into material, material and spiritual(books, art objects, etc.) and spiritual. Human needs are socially determined. Depending on the range of social requirements these needs are associated with, their different levels differ.

Human needs are hierarchized, i.e. organized in a specific subordinate scheme. The hierarchy of individual needs is the main distinguishing feature of the personality - its orientation. But despite the significant variety of individual needs of the individual, it is possible to isolate the basic scheme of personal needs.

The need for self-realization

Korobitsyna T.L. characterizes the upbringing of a person by various social qualities, reflecting the various attitudes of the individual to the world around him and to himself. She believes that together these qualities determine the richness and originality of each individual, its uniqueness. In the characteristics of an individual, some qualities may be absent and may represent a wide variety of combinations.

If an important task of upbringing is to promote the flourishing of each individual, then an equally important and responsible task is to ensure that any individual meets the basic criteria accepted in society. In this regard, the task arises of establishing relatively few, but the most important socially significant qualities that can be considered mandatory for the citizens of our country. Such qualities can serve as indicators of upbringing, i.e. the level of social development of the student, which characterize the measure of his readiness for life in society.

Monakhov N.I. singled out social qualities that can be formulated in younger students.

Partnership - proximity based on comradely (friendly) relations; joint participation in something on an equal footing.

Respect for elders is a respectful attitude based on the recognition of their merits.

Kindness - responsiveness, sincere disposition to people, the desire to do good to others.

Honesty - sincerity, directness, conscientiousness and impeccability.

Industriousness is the love of work. Labor - work, occupation, effort aimed at achieving something.

Thrift - careful attitude to property, prudence, frugality.

Discipline - subordination to discipline (mandatory for all members of a team, obedience to the established order, rules); keeping order.

Curiosity - a tendency to acquire new knowledge, inquisitiveness.

Love for the beautiful is a constant strong inclination, a passion for what embodies beauty, corresponds to its ideals.

The desire to be strong, dexterous is a persistent desire to achieve a physical or moral opportunity to actively act.

English teacher of the highest category Ponasenko I.I. highlights other significant qualities of the student's personality:

initiative;

independence and responsibility for the result of their own decisions;

willingness and need to work with modern sources of information in the professional and domestic fields of activity;

the ability and willingness to live and interact in a modern multicultural world;

readiness for education and self-improvement throughout life.

The teachers of the Tomsk secondary school compiled a more complete list of the social qualities of schoolchildren into a table and identified two types of personal qualities:

intellectual	Cognitive qualities + mental processes affecting cognitive activity	Independence receptivity to new Consistency Analytic Argumentation
	Right expressiveness Accuracy Relevance Logic
reflexive	Ability to highlight risks
Psychosocial	Emotionally sensual	Ethical (love, dignity, honor). Aesthetic (sense of beauty). Culture of emotions and feelings
Behavioral	Activity Will (purposefulness, perseverance, inner discipline) A responsibility
Communicative	Tolerance Ability to listen and hear Ability to navigate the audience Openness
Creative	Research, artistic, technical abilities

However, this is rather a basic set of social qualities of people, which should be formed in each person. It is much more interesting for us to find out what social qualities are inherent or should be inherent directly in lawyers.

Consider the socially significant qualities of lawyers based on professional factors that affect their personality.

The first factor - a high level of social (professional) adaptation forms the following social qualities:

high level of legal awareness; honesty, civil courage, conscientiousness; adherence to principles (irreconcilability) in the fight against violators of law and order; commitment, conscientiousness, diligence, discipline.

The second factor is the neuropsychic (emotional) stability of the lawyer's personality. This factor suggests:

resistance to stress, a high level of self-control over emotions and behavior, performance in critical situations that cause frustration; developed adaptive properties of the nervous system, strength, balance, mobility, sensitivity, activity, dynamism, lability, plasticity of nervous processes, allowing at the official level to maintain working capacity in a state of fatigue, the ability to adequately respond to various events.

The third factor is a high level of intellectual development, cognitive (cognitive) activity of a lawyer. This factor is due to the following social qualities of the individual:

developed intellect, broad outlook, erudition; flexible, creative thinking, mental performance, the ability to highlight the main thing; activity, mobility of mental cognitive processes (perception, memory capacity, productive thinking, attention); developed imagination, intuition, ability to abstract, reflection.

The fourth factor is the communicative competence of a lawyer. Communicative competence implies the following personality traits:

the ability to establish emotional contacts with various participants in communication, maintain a trusting relationship with him, within the necessary limits;

insight, the ability to understand the inner world of the interlocutor, his psychological characteristics, needs, motives of behavior, mental state;

benevolent, polite attitude towards people, the ability to listen to the participant in the dialogue, empathy (the ability to emotionally respond to the experiences of the interlocutor);

free, flexible possession of verbal and non-verbal means of communication;

the ability in conflict situations to carry out, adequate to the situation, a strategy of communicative behavior, to change the style of communication depending on the circumstances;

the ability to cooperate, reach compromises, agreements, developed self-control over emotions, mood in extreme situations;

adequate self-esteem;

sense of humor.

The fifth factor is organizational skills. They allow a lawyer, regardless of the type of his professional activity, to exert a controlling influence on various people with whom he has to enter into a dialogue in the process of professional communication. Therefore, a lawyer must have the following social qualities:

activity, initiative, resourcefulness, courage, determination, perseverance, purposefulness, the ability to highlight the main thing, predict the consequences of decisions made, independence, a sense of responsibility for one's actions and deeds, organization, composure, accuracy in work.

The following properties also play an important role in organizational skills: communicative competence; neuropsychic stability; adequate self-esteem; high motivation for success.

Important neuropsychic social qualities of the profession include: emotional stability; plasticity of nervous processes; reduced level of anxiety tolerance resistance to neuropsychic overstrain.

Thus, there are a lot of types of social qualities of people and even sociology itself cannot list them all, since every profession, every nationality, every age, in addition to the generally accepted basic one, has its own special set of social qualities.

They are the main characteristic of the individual, thanks to which it is integrated into society, the system of relations inherent in it. In connection with the above, the following definition can be proposed: personality is an integral characteristic of an individual, acting as a set of his socially significant properties and qualities that allow him to be included in the system of social relations and diverse forms of activity and communication.
The socially significant properties and qualities of a person in the first place include:
the purpose of the activity;
performed social roles and functions;
occupied social statuses;
norms, values, customs (i.e. elements of culture);
sign systems (primarily language, gestures);
body of knowledge;
socio-psychological features;
level of education and training.
Historically, in sociology, a situation has developed in which certain of the listed qualities and properties were used to determine the personality: either social roles and functions, or statuses, or values, norms, etc. Sometimes a combination of a number of qualities and properties appeared. On this basis, sociological and socio-psychological theories of personality arose: the theory of the mirror self (C. Cooley, J. Mead), role theory (R. Linton, J. Moreno, T. Parsons), the theory of the moral development of personality (L. Kohlberg) , the theory of crisis development of personality (E. Erickson) and others. Thus, in the theory of the mirror self, personality was considered as an objective quality acquired by a person in the process of social life, as a function derived from the socially conditioned self. In role theory, personality is characterized as a function of the totality of social roles performed by the individual in society. In some theories, personality is considered in connection with the stages of its formation in the process of socialization (for more details, see Chapter 27).
Today, in domestic sociology, attempts are being made to follow this path and characterize a person as, for example, a stable set of value orientations, beliefs, traditions, morality of society, as well as knowledge, skills, habits, etc., necessary to perform numerous social roles *. By no means denying the usefulness of such a definition of personality, it seems significant to use, first of all, a more general approach, which was justified above.

More on the topic Socially significant properties and qualities:

19. The value of mechanical and physical properties during the operation of products Properties as indicators of material quality

A personality is a set (system) of socially significant qualities that characterize an individual as a member of a particular society, as a product of social development. This is a social characteristic of a person, which is determined by the measure of assimilation of social experience by him.

It is necessary to distinguish between such concepts as "personality", "individual", "man". When we talk about personality, we sort of single out one of its elements from the general social structure. Moreover, this element (personality) is the bearer of social qualities inherent in the entire social structure (social community). It can be said that the personality, like a drop of water, reflects the basic properties (qualities) of the whole society. Man is one of the representatives of the human race. Speaking of a person, we kind of single out one of the types of living organisms from the mass of other organisms. A person who does not have social qualities is not a person.

An individual is a separate, isolated member of a social community. If we use the concept of "personality" to study the social qualities of a person characteristic of many people, then the concept of "individual" in sociology is used in order to highlight the social qualities of a particular person.

Individuality - a set of features that distinguish this individual from all others.

A person becomes a personality, acquiring social qualities in the process of socialization. If he is not able to assimilate social qualities (for example, mentally ill) or does not have such an opportunity (a child who grew up outside of society), then such a person is not a person.

Typology of personality. Each person included in the system of social relations has countless social ties, is endowed with many statuses, performs a whole range of different roles, is the bearer of certain ideas, feelings, character traits, etc. It is almost impossible to take into account all the diversity of the properties of each individual, but in this is not necessary. In sociology, not individual, but social properties and qualities of a person, that is, qualities possessed by many individuals who are in similar, objective conditions, are of essential importance. Therefore, for the convenience of studying individuals who have a set of repetitive, essential social qualities, they are typologized, that is, they are attributed to a certain social type.

The social type of personality is a generalized reflection, a set of recurring social qualities inherent in many individuals who are part of any social community (for example, European, Asian, Caucasian types; students, workers, veterans, etc.).

Typology of personalities can be carried out for various reasons. For example, by profession or type of activity: miner, farmer, economist, lawyer; by territorial affiliation or way of life: city dweller, village dweller, northerner; by gender and age: boys, girls, pensioners; according to the degree of social activity: leader (leader, activist), follower (performer), etc.

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SOCIAL QUALITIES OF PEOPLE:CONCEPT, TYPES, MECHANISMS OF FORMATION

Kazan, 2011

FROMcontent

Introduction

The concept of human social qualities

Types of social qualities of a person

Mechanisms for the formation of human social qualities

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

Despite the fact that the social qualities of a person are studied by a large number of scientific disciplines, such as: sociology, pedagogy, philosophy, linguistics, psychology, etc., the topic remains controversial and not sufficiently developed, and therefore very relevant.

The purpose of this study is to define the social qualities of a person, the types and mechanisms of formation.

Research objectives:

1. Analysis of the literature on the topic of the test. Theoretical study of socially significant qualities of people based on the materials of scientific literature.

2. Conducting an empirical study of the social qualities of people.

3. Analysis of the obtained results.

Hypothesis: the social qualities of people are not inherited and arise exclusively in the process of socialization.

Object of research: social qualities of people.

Subject of research: concept, types, mechanisms of formation of social qualities of people.

Research methodology: analysis of selected scientific and practical literature.

The work consists of three chapters, introduction, conclusion, list of references.

The work is done on 18 sheets.

The concept of human social qualities

The most complete definition is given by sociology, explaining social quality as a concept that fixes certain socially defined characteristics of an individual, social groups and classes, inseparable from the mode of existence and activity of historical subjects. The very concept of "personality" designates in sociology the historically established, socially conditioned typological unity (quality) of an individual. Therefore, a personality is a concrete expression of the social essence of a person, a certain way realized integration in an individual of socially significant features and social relations of a given society. The term "personality" was formed from the Latin words "persona" (actor's mask, role, position, meaning, face) and "personare" (to speak through). Thus, it used to denote the stylized mask of an actor. Therefore, in a sense, all people wear "social masks". For many years, people have been learning how to become a person among people, to comply with certain norms, rules, role instructions. In this sense, the word "personality" denotes the totality of such social qualities (expressed in certain stereotypes of behavior) that an individual demonstrates in front of an "audience". So, personality is a product of social development, and in this regard, the main thing in it is its social quality.

Social qualities are not reduced to individual qualities, no matter how complex they may be in themselves. The evolutionary precursors of the social qualities of a person are forms of inherited biological behavior, i.e., such psychological constructions that are partially used in the subsequent genesis of the social. These include the need for an animal to stay in a group, the ability to obey the "norms" of behavior, i.e., the ability to self-restraint, the transfer of the form of parental relations to other people's cubs and weak individuals, overcoming "zoo-psychological individualism" under pressure from the needs of the community.

The natural forces of man, especially the higher forms of the psyche, are filled with social content only when they begin to perform certain social functions.

Thus, the social qualities of people are common qualities that are repeated and stable in the behavior of various groups and communities of people.

The Philosophical Encyclopedia interprets the concept of social qualities in this way - it is the concentration of human experience, the joint and individual activities of people, their various combinations, compositions, syntheses. Social qualities are contained in the being of people, in their abilities, needs, skills, knowledge, their inherent forms of behavior and interaction. Social qualities are developed, distributed, complicated (or simplified) in the process of development of human contacts, cultural exchanges, economic and other interactions between social communities. Acting as mediators between various social qualities, they themselves are part of these qualities, become forms of realization of their being. In other words, social qualities "come to life" and "live" only in the social process, in the interactions of people and people, people and things, in the dynamics of reproduction and renewal of social life.

Linguist Kim I.E. this is how this concept is explained - the social qualities of a person represent his ability to social activity and the characteristics of his social behavior.

A feature of the expression of qualities is the presence of a reference morphological class intended for their designation - an adjective. The meaning of the quality, however, can be expressed by nouns, verbs and adverbs, as separate lexemes, and (in the case of a noun and a verb) separate forms or particular paradigms of forms.

Quality can manifest itself in different quantities, which is reflected in the grammar of the adjective (category of the degree of comparison), in its derivational potential (the presence of regular derivatives with a value of low and high intensity of quality), as well as in its semantic and syntactic valencies, namely, the presence of dependent adverbs of measure and degree. There are other grammatical, derivational and lexical means of expressing the gradualness of qualities: a noun with a person meaning, a noun with a quality meaning, an adjective, short (predicative) or full (attributive), verb or verb phrase.

Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Kostyuchenko A.A. under the socially significant qualities of people he understands the qualities that contribute to the solution of socially significant tasks, the formation of the individual as a citizen: organization, independence, social activity, social initiative, responsibility, sociability, reflection, emotional stability, empathy.

Psychologists agree that with the general lack of development of the problem of personality traits, it is rather difficult to outline the range of its socio-psychological qualities. And although the problem is at the very initial stages of its development, however, at least one can agree on one point: the socio-psychological qualities of a person are qualities that are formed in joint activities with other people, as well as in communication with them. Both the one and the other series of qualities are formed in the conditions of those real social groups in which the personality functions.

Types of social qualities of a person