Plan
1. Invasion of Khan Batu.
2. Defense of the north-western borders Alexander Nevsky.
1. Invasion of Khan Batu.
By the middle of the 12th century, Russia disintegrated into separate principalities. Each prince wanted independence.
The map of that time is multi-colored.
The 13th century fell on hard times. Ancient Russia was attacked from the east nomads - Mongols
... The princes were unable to protect Russia from the invasion. At that time there was no agreement between the Russian princes.
Late 1237 grandson Genghis Khan - Batu Khan - led a huge army to the borders of Ancient Rus. Ryazan was the first on the way of the Tatar hordes. The inhabitants of the city defended for 5 days, but on the sixth day the city was defeated and burned. Almost all of its defenders were killed.
In February 1238, the Mongol-Tatar army occupied Vladimir, Kolomna, Moscow, Tver, All cities were destroyed.
However, to Novgorod khan Batu did not go, but turned back. A small town stood in his way Kozelsk , which the Mongols called the evil city. The small town of Kozelsk was stormed by the enemies for 7 weeks. Four thousand enemy soldiers fell under the walls of Kozelsk, but the defenders of the city were also killed. The enemies got only ruins.
In 1240 Kiev was plundered and destroyed.
Almost all of Ancient Russia was devastated by the Mongol-Tatars. Russia fell into dependence and paid tribute to the Golden Horde. The princes went to the ruler (khan) of the Golden Horde for permission to own the principalities. For about three hundred years the Mongols ruled over the Russian land.
However, in the fight against Russia Golden Horde began to weaken. Internal contradictions began to tear apart the Golden Horde. They could not subordinate Europe to themselves.
2. Protection of the north-western borders. Alexander Nevskiy.
On the northwestern borders, a new threat appeared from the Swedish invaders and German knights-crusaders (they had a cross on their clothes).
In July 1240, Swedish ships dropped anchor at the mouth of the Neva. Alexander, the son of the Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, reigned in Novgorod. He stepped forward to meet the Swedes. The Swedes were taken by surprise and completely defeated on July 15, 1240. For this victory, victory on the Neva, Prince Alexander got the nickname Nevsky .
After 2 years on Lake Peipsi Alexander Nevskiy defeated the knights-crusaders. In battle, the knights, in order to break through the strongest defense, were built in a wedge. The battle was completed by foot soldiers, who stood inside and behind the clique. I know the tactics of the enemy, Alexander Nevsky placed cavalry on the edges. In the center were soldiers, armed with bows, axes, swords and hooks, with which they pulled the knights from their horses.
Started battle
April 5, 1242
... The knights were clad in heavy armor. Each of them weighed about 120 kg. It was difficult to contain the enemy's onslaught. However, having crushed the center of the Russian troops, the knights themselves were trapped. Piled up in a heap, they became the prey of the Russian cavalry. The Germans realized that they were trapped and began to retreat. The ice began to crack under the weight. Only a few of the knights managed to escape by fleeing across the ice of the lake.
The battle on Lake Peipsi went down in history as Battle on the Ice. The order for officers was named after Alexander Nevsky for the leadership of a successful operation, as a result of which great damage was inflicted on the enemy. 1995 day April 5 was announced Day of military glory of Russia .
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At various times, Russia regularly experienced enemy pressure. Many conquerors tried to get hold of this "tidbit". However, in the 13th century, truly difficult times began on Russian soil. The existence of the ancient Russian state was under great threat.
Russia in the 13th century
In those distant times, Russia was a fragmented country, divided into numerous principalities. There was no unity and friendly relations between them: each prince strove for sole power and was for himself. In some principalities, there was no prince at all, and the boyars, the local wealthy nobility, ruled over him.
In Russia there was no single cohesive army, there was no wise and strong ruler who could protect the homeland from enemies.
It is not surprising that such a large, rich, but at the same time weakened by endless strife, the country was a simple prey for the enemy invaders.
Invasion of Batu
After the death of the invincible Genghis Khan, his grandson, Batu, came to power in the Golden Horde (the state of the Mongols). Gathering a huge army at that time - about 140 thousand people - he sent it towards Russia. The autumn of 1237 was marked by the invasion of the Mongol-Tatar yoke into the territory of the ancient Russian state.
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Rice. 1. Khan Batu.
Their offensive took place in the following sequence:
- Ryazan became the first Russian city that found itself on the way of Batu Khan's troops. Local residents held the defense for five days, but on the sixth day the city fell at the feet of the Mongols, who ravaged it and burned it to the ground. Almost all Ryazan residents died in this battle.
- The glorious city of Vladimir became the next target of the Mongol-Tatar army. When the invaders defeated it, they very quickly subjugated many other Russian cities.
- The path to the rich Novgorod was free, but Batu Khan turned back and captured Kiev.
Almost all of Russia was in ruins after the invasion of the Golden Horde. The Russian state turned out to be completely dependent on its invaders, and from now on it had to pay a monetary tribute.
Rice. 2. Army of the Golden Horde.
Tribute is the payment that the victors took from the defeated people. Russian princes were obliged to go to the Horde Khan to pay tribute and humiliatingly ask permission to own their own lands.
In the fight against Russia, the Mongol-Tatars weakened noticeably, and were no longer able to subjugate the whole of Europe, as they had originally planned. But from that moment on, difficult times came for the Russian land: for two centuries it groaned under the hardest yoke of its invaders. Each conquered principality was obliged to pay a considerable tribute to the Tatar rulers. Russia was freed from these shackles only in 1480.
Threat from the northwest
However, not only in the east and south, Russia experienced defeat. In the western regions, battles with the Germans, Lithuanians, and Swedes were regularly fought. The knights sought to seize Novgorod, the only Russian city not ravaged by the Mongols.
Warriors from European countries were called knights. They were well-armed and protected by strong armor, warriors who rode on strong enduring horses.
In the 13th century in the history of Russia, two battles with Western invaders stand out especially clearly:
- Battle of the Neva ... In July 1240, the Swedish fleet approached the banks of the Neva. The Novgorod prince Alexander with his retinue went out to meet the enemy ships. He managed to cope with the Swedish army, armed to the teeth. At that time, the Russian hero was only 20 years old, and thanks to his brilliant victory over the enemy, he went down in history as Alexander Nevsky.
- Battle on the Ice ... In 1242, Alexander Nevsky, at the head of his faithful squad, dealt a crushing blow to the knights-crusaders. This historic battle took place in winter on Lake Peipsi, enclosed by ice. There were so many victims among the knights that the Livonian Order did not attempt to attack the Russian lands again for the next ten years.
Rice. 3. Alexander Nevsky.
The 13th century became one of the most difficult and bloody for Russia both for the ruling elite and for the common people. Numerous fierce battles and the hardest tribute to the Tatar khan had a very strong impact on the development of Russia, which took a long time to get stronger and declare itself to the whole world.
What have we learned?
When studying the topic "Difficult times on Russian soil" according to the 4th grade curriculum of the world around us, we found out which events had such a strong impact on the ancient Russian state. The invasion of the Golden Horde and the battles with the Swedes severely crippled Russia, which was not soon able to regain its strength and power.
Test by topic
Assessment of the report
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Lesson from the outside world "Difficult times on the Russian land."
4th grade
Tasks:
To acquaint with the history of the Mongol-Tatar invasion; with the historical figure Alexander Nevsky; battles - the Neva and the Battle of the Ice; show the role of Alexander in the history of Russia.
Develop attention, observation, learn to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Foster a sense of pride in their people, interest in native history.
Develop the skills of independent work in groups, the ability to work with a map and additional material,
Equipment: computer, projector, screen, interactive whiteboard, computer presentation, video clips “Alexander Nevsky”, additional material, historical dates.
During the classes:
Organization of the class (music sounds)
1 slide. I would like to start our lesson with a winged expression "Without knowing the past, we have no right to the future." Keeping these words in mind, let's check how we studied the pages of the history of Ancient Russia.
Knowledge update
Solving a crossword puzzle.
2 slide. You need to solve the crossword puzzle based on the material studied and write down the key word.
What important event happened in 988? (baptism)
What were the good fellows of Ancient Russia called? (Heroes)
The name of the prince whom people called Vladimir Krasnoe ---------? (Sun)
Which Russian prince became famous for his military exploits against Byzantium? (Oleg)
What was the other word for the temple in Russia? (the cathedral)
What did they write on in Ancient Russia? (Birch bark)
What was the nickname of Prince Oleg? (prophetic)
Records of the most important events (Chronicle)
Who were the prince's advisers and assistants? (Boyars)
What is the keyword that came out? How do you understand this word? (invasion) how can one say in other words - what is an invasion? Let's see how this word is explained in the dictionary.
3. Introduction to the topic (the student reads a poem to the music).
- 3 slide. Let's listen to the poem "Rus", which was written by the famous poet Ivan Savvich Nikitin.
Under a large tent
Blue skies -
I see the distance of the fields is turning green.
You are wide, Russia,
On the face of the earth
It unfolded in regal beauty!
And in all parts of the world white
There is a loud glory about you.
And there is something for that, mighty Russia,
To love you, to call you a mother,
To stand up for your honor against your foe,
For you in need to lay down your head!
Can you guess what will be discussed in the lesson? (About the invasion of Russia)
Today we will get acquainted with the heroic pages of the history of the Fatherland, we will learn how Russia defended its independence.
- 4 slide. In the summer of 1223, a comet appeared in the sky. It flew so close to the Earth that its tail, illuminating the sky, was clearly visible even during the day.
Since at that time there was no scientific explanation for this phenomenon, people took the comet for a bad sign, foreshadowing misfortune and grief. And many people associated the appearance of a comet with tragic events in Russia.
5 slide. Indeed, hard times soon fell in Russia.
4. Learning new material.
In the 13th century, hard trials fell upon Russia. Today in the lesson we will talk about three events that occurred during difficult times in Russia.
6 slide.
(Map of Russia). Pay attention to the map - Russia was divided into principalities, which lived separately at that time, there was no agreement between them. Everyone was for himself. In some principalities, there was no prince. It was ruled by rich people - boyars. Russia turned out to be a tidbit, not protected from enemies.
And who is in love with Russia? We will find out in the process of research.
Now you will unite in groups of historians and researchers. Each group will be given a task: to find out who the invaders were. I hope that in each group there will be an atmosphere of creativity, mutual assistance, friendship.
(children work according to the textbook and plan)
1st group
-
7 slide.
Yes, look what the Mongol warriors looked like, how they were armed, in what dwellings they lived. And how the Russian soldiers were dressed.
Ryazan turned out to be the first Russian city on the way of Batu. The year was 1237. Prince Yuri asked for help from the princes who ruled in Chernigov and Vladimir. But he waited in vain for help. No help came. The city was destroyed, and all of its inhabitants died.
In February 1238, the hordes of Batu laid siege to Vladimir. The Vladimir prince was waiting for help from the Kiev and Novgorod princes. But none of them came to the rescue. The city fell. The last defenders of Vladimir died in a fire in the Assumption Cathedral.
The capture of cities continued. Batu opened the road to the rich city of Novgorod. However, he turned back. On his way stood the fortress city of Kozelsk. The siege and assaults lasted seven weeks. Thousands of soldiers died under the walls of Kozelsk. When all the townspeople were exterminated, the Mongols called Kozelsk "the evil city".
In 1240 the city of Kiev was captured and destroyed.
After that, the conquest of Russia ended. Batu turned back and in the lower reaches of the Volga founded the capital of his state, which was called the Golden Horde. 
Most of the Russian lands fell into dependence on the Golden Horde. Now Russia had to pay tribute to the Horde.
From what word did the word "tribute" come from? (give, gift)
Tribute is tribute, the payment the winner takes from the conquered people. The princes had to go to the ruler of the Golden Horde for permission to own the principality.
Think! Why, despite the heroic resistance of the Russian people, did the Mongol-Tatars win? (They were excellent riders and archers. Iron discipline reigned in their army. If 1 in 10 soldiers fled from the battlefield, then his entire family was destroyed.)
Popular wisdom says: one misfortune does not come. A new threat appeared on the northwestern borders of Russia. The danger came from the Swedish invaders. 
We give the floor to group 2.
Group 2.
Quite right. The Swedes were defeated. 
The Russian army lost only 20 people. For the victory on the Neva, Prince Alexander received the nickname Nevsky. 
And what were the goals of the Swedes? (seizure of territory and enrichment)
Think! Why did the Swedes begin their offensive in 1240? Why were they confident of success? (Rus was weakened from the enslavement of the Mongol-Tatars, Novgorod - the rich city was not captured by the Mongol-Tatars and the absence of the prince)
The trouble also came from the west from the German knights-crusaders. 
Group 3 is in charge.
Group 3.
And now we are mentally transported to 1242. How many years have passed since the Battle of the Neva? (2 years) The picture with the crusaders and the video with the priest.
Think why the knights were called crusaders? (A cross was depicted on clothing and weapons)
Let's take a look at the knight's armor. What can you say about them?
Viewing a fragment from the film "Alexander Nevsky" about the crusaders.
What words did the leader of the knights say? (I invite you to hunt the Russian beast)
What did he mean? (They wanted to enslave the Russian people, seize their territory and convert them to their faith).
Listen carefully to what Alexander Nevsky is talking about with the people of Novgorod.
A fragment from the film "Alexander Nevsky" (the boyars name is Alexandra) is shown.
What new misfortune has come to the Russian land? (Germans)
What did Alexander urge the Novgorodians to do? (beat the enemy for insulting the Russian land)
Having collected enough strength, Alexander decides to give the main battle on April 5, 1242 on the ice of Lake Peipsi.
Why did Alexander Nevsky lure the knights to Lake Peipsi? What was his goal? Knowing that some of the ice on the lake melted slightly. (The armor of the crusaders is heavy, they will sink)
This battle went down in history as the Battle of the Ice.
Indeed, this is what happened. Now we'll see animation"Battle on the Ice" and we will answer the questions:
1. How did the crusaders build their troops?
5. Musical pause.
2. How did Alexander build his troops?
3. How did the battle go and how did it end?
Video clip on Lake Peipsi.
50 captive knights were led in disgrace through the streets of Novgorod. In a time of grave disasters, we managed to defend the north-western borders of our Motherland.
6. Testing knowledge (test).
"Difficult times on Russian soil"
The march of the Mongol-Tatars was led by the khan:
a) Batu; b) Genghis Khan; c) Temujin.
Which city was the first on their way?
a) Novgorod; b) Ryazan; c) Vladimir.
What Russian city was nicknamed "the evil city" for stubborn resistance?
a) Smolensk; b) Kiev; c) Kozelsk.
What was the name of the Mongol-Tatars state?
a) the Golden Horde; b) the Mongol Horde; c) Tatar Horde.
The capital of the Mongol-Tatar state was the city:
a) Galich; b) Shed; c) Polotsk.
What did Russia pay to the Horde?
a) tribute; b) redemption c) tax.
Who struck at the northwestern borders of Russia?
a) the Swedes; b) Mongols; c) Tatars.
The Novgorod prince gave a decisive rebuff to the enemies:
a) Vladimir; b) Yaroslav; c) Alexander.
What nickname did the Novgorod prince receive for his first victory over enemies?
a) Wise; b) Prophetic; c) Nevsky.
The Crusader Knights were defeated on the ice:
a) Lake Ladoga; b) Lake Peipsi; c) Lake Onega.
Who attacked from the East? When? (Mongol-Tatars in the 13th century, in 1237)
Who led the campaign against Russia? (Khan Batu)
Which cities were attacked? (Ryazan, Vladimir)
Which city on the way of the invaders turned out to be an "evil" city? (Kozelsk)
What is the Golden Horde? (Mongol-Tatars state)
What did the Russian princes pay to the Mongol-Tatars? (tribute)
When did the Battle of the Ice take place?7. Lesson summary.
Alexander Nevsky is a great man. He was elevated to the face of the saints. Slide with icon. Monuments were erected to him in many cities ... Slide. And in our area there is a monument to Alexander Nevsky on the "Somov" mountains. Slide. Not so long ago, the first channel hosted the project "The Name of Russia". Alexander Nevsky was chosen in the name of Russia. The role of Alexander in the history of our country can hardly be overestimated. It was not for nothing that after his death, Metropolitan Kirill said: "The sun of the Russian Earth has gone down." Hear what Alexander said after the Battle of Lake Peipsi.
Demonstrated movie fragment"Alexander Nevskiy".
How do you understand his words? What is their main point? (Defense of the Motherland is the sacred duty of every citizen)
I think you will always follow this advice.
Well done! Thank you for the lesson!
8. Homework.
Make a book for each group.
1st group
Children: (In the 13th century in 1237 Khan Batu attacked Russia. The cities of Ryazan and Vladimir were attacked. Kozelsk turned out to be an "evil" city. Russian princes paid tribute to the Mongol-Tatars.)
Group 2.
1. Who attacked from the northwest? (Swedes)
2. In what year did this happen? (1240)
3 On which river was the battle fought? (Neve)
4. Which prince with his retinue opposed them? (Alexander)
5. How did the battle end? (the Swedes were defeated)
6. What nickname did Alexander get after this battle? (Nevsky)
Children: (In 1240, the Swedes attacked Russia from the north-west. This battle took place on the Neva River. Prince Alexander and his retinue defeated the Swedes. After this victory, they began to call him Alexander Nevsky.)
Group 3.
Who attacked from the west and in what year? (Knights-crusaders in 1242)
Where did it happen? (on the ice of Lake Peipsi)
What is the name of this battle? (Battle on the Ice)
How were the knights-crusaders built in battle? (wedge)
What were the Russian soldiers armed with? (bows, axes, swords and hooks)
Why were the knights-crusaders defeated? (due to heavy armor).
Children: In 1242, knights-crusaders attacked Russia from the west. The battle took place on Lake Peipsi. In battle, the knights-crusaders lined up in a wedge. Russian soldiers were armed with bows, axes, swords and hooks. Due to heavy armor, the knights fell through the ice and drowned in the lake.
Lesson type: combined
Target
the formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of a person's place in it on the basis of the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and emotional-value comprehension of the child's personal experience of communication with people and nature;
Characteristics of student activities
Understand educational tasks of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.
Trace Batu's invasion of Russia on the map, discuss the reasons for the defeat of Ancient Rus during the Mongol invasion, describe according to the illustrations of the textbook, the armament of ancient Russian and Mongolian soldiers, tell about the Mongol invasion according to the textbook plan, find on the map of the place of the battles of Alexander Nevsky with the Swedish and German invaders. Fill"Heroic Chronicle of Russia" in the workbook. Work with a terminological dictionary. Formulate conclusions from the material studied, reply to the final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson
Planned results
Subject
Know concepts: tribute, khan Batu,
Golden Horde,
Alexander Nevskiy.
Why Russia could not organize a worthy rebuff to the Mongol-Tatar hordes, why the Swedes began their offensive in 1240.
Be able to
retell the text of the textbook in your own words (about an event, historical figure, cultural monument) and discuss it in class.
Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. Communicative)
P. - to search for the necessary information to complete educational assignments using various sources.
Pose and formulate problems.
R. - independently assess the correctness of the performance of the action and make the necessary adjustments to the performance, both in the course of its implementation and at the end of the action.
K. - to formulate their opinion and position.
Personal results
The foundations of civic identity, their ethnicity in the form of awareness of "I" as a citizen of Russia, a sense of belonging and pride in their homeland, people and history.
A broad motivational basis for educational activities, including social, educational and cognitive and external motives.
Basic concepts and definitions
concepts: tribute, Batu Khan, Golden Horde, Alexander Nevsky.
Preparation for assimilation of new material
Let's find out how Russia defended its independence. Let us compare the warriors' weapons on the map and illustrations, describe the Battle of the Neva and the Battle of Leo. Let us try to understand what role these events played in the history of Russia. We will learn to compose a story about an outstanding person. Remember what you know about cities and military affairs in Russia.
Learning new material
Difficult times on the Russian land
BATY'S INVASION
By the middle of the XII century, Ancient Russia split into separate principalities. The princes wanted to be independent and not obey anyone. Map of Russia of that time resembles a multi-colored mosaic.
In the XIII century, hard trials fell upon Russia. From the east, from Asia, the steppe nomads attacked - the Mongols
Russian princes failed to unite to repel the enemy
The campaign to Russia was led by Khan Batu. Ryazan was the first Russian city on the way of the hordes of Batyev. The enemies approached its walls at the end of 1237. The Ryazans defended for five days, but on the sixth the Mongols defeated and burned the city. Almost all of its defenders were killed.
In February 1238, Batu's hordes besieged and then burned Vladimir. At the same time, the invaders also smashed other cities. The annals say: "There was no place where they would not have fought."
The road to the rich Novgo-eod was opened for Batu. However, he turned back. On the way back to the southern steppes of Batu's army, for seven weeks they rode under the small town of Kozelsk, whose inhabitants staunchly and stubbornly resisted. The Mongols called Kozelsk the evil city.
The same sad fate awaited Kiev. In 1240 it was captured and destroyed.
Almost all of Russia was devastated by the Mongols, many Russian cities were burned. Most of the Russian lands fell into dependence on the Golden Horde - this was the name of the Mongol state. From now on, Russia had to pay tribute to the Horde. The princes had to go to the khan - the ruler of the Golden Horde - for permission to own the principalities.
In the struggle against Russia, the forces of the Mongols weakened. They could not subjugate the whole of Europe.
Russian warriors Mongolian warrior
Comprehension and understanding of the knowledge gained
Working with a historical map
Trace the invasion of Batu to Russia according to the text of the textbook and the map.
Find on the map the places of the battles of the Russian troops with the Swedish and German invaders.
PROTECTION OF THE NORTH-WESTERN BORDERS. PRINCE ALEXANDER NEVSKY
A new threat appeared on the northwestern borders of Russia. The danger came from the Swedish invaders and the German knights-Crusaders (a cross was depicted on their clothes and weapons).
The first blow was struck by the Swedes. In early July 1240, Swedish ships dropped anchor at the mouth of the Neva. A young and determined Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich with his retinue came forward to meet them. Caught by surprise, the Swedes were utterly defeated on July 15, 1240.
Battle on the Ice
For the victory on the Neva River, Prince Alexander received the nickname Nevsky.
Two years later, Alexander Nevsky, at the head of the army, defeated the knights-crusaders on the ice of Lake Peipsi. In history, this battle remained under the name of the Battle of the Ice.
In battle, the knights lined up in a wedge. His blow was so strong that it pierced the strongest defense. The foot soldiers were inside and behind the wedge. They usually
completed the defeat of the enemy. Knowing about this enemy's technique, Alexander placed cavalry at the edges, and in the center - fighters armed with bows, axes, swords and hooks to pull the knights from their horses.
The battle began on April 5, 1242. It was difficult to contain the onslaught of the knights, clad in heavy armor. But it turned out that the knights, having managed to crush the center of the Russian forces, themselves found themselves in a trap. Piled together, they became easy prey. Like a whirlwind, the Russian cavalry swooped down from the sides. The knights wavered and began to retreat. And here the ice began to crack. Many knights drowned in the lake due to heavy armor.
Let's discuss!
1. Why do you think Russia was unable to organize a worthy rebuff to the hordes of Batu?
2. Why did the Swedes start their offensive in 1240? Why were they confident of success?
Self-application of knowledge
check yourself
1. Tell us about the Mongol invasion of Russia according to the plan: who are the Mongols, who led the army of conquerors, when the invaders invaded Russia, how the Russian cities defended. 2. How did Alexander Nevsky's leadership talent manifest itself in the battle on Lake Peipsi? 3. What is the significance of the victories of Alexander Nevsky?
Output
In the XIII century, Russia fell into dependence on the Golden Horde for a long time. In a time of grave disasters, we managed to defend the north-western borders of our Motherland. Russian soldiers defeated the Swedes on the Neva River and the German knights-crusaders on the ice of Lake Peipsi.
Homework assignments
1. Draw a red pencil around the border of Russia at the beginning of the 13th century.
Mark on the map with arrows the path of Batu Khan across Russia.
2. Write down the dates when Batu Khan attacked the cities.
Ryazan- end of 1237
Vladimir - in February 1238
Kiev- in 1240
3. Read a poem by N. Konchalovskaya.
Previously, Russia was specific:
Each city is separate,
Avoiding all neighbors
The appanage prince ruled,
And the princes did not live amicably.
They would need to live in friendship
And one big family
Defend your native land.
I would be afraid then
Horde attack them!
Answer the questions:
- What does an appanage prince mean? By the middle of the 12th century, Russia split into separate principalities, which were ruled by appanage princes
- How did the princes live? The princes did not live amicably, there were civil strife.
- Why weren't the Mongol-Tatars afraid to attack the Russian lands? The Russian princes were unable to unite to repel the enemy due to the fragmentation of the Russian principalities.
4. Relate the battle to its date.
5. Read the description of the battle on Lake Peipsi.
The Russians fought violently. And how not to fight without rage, when children and wives are left behind, villages and cities are left, there is a native land with a short and sonorous name Rus.
And the crusaders came as robbers. But where there is theft, there is cowardice alongside.
Fear took the knight-dogs, they see - the Russians are pushing them from all sides. Heavy equestrians cannot turn around in a crush, do not break free. And then the Russians started using hooks on long poles. Hook up a knight - and off the horse. He crashes on the ice, but he cannot get up: it hurts awkwardly in thick armor. And then his head was gone.
When the carnage was in full swing, the ice suddenly crackled under the knights and cracked. The crusaders went down, pulled on their heavy armor.
Until that time, the crusaders did not know such a defeat.
Since then, the knights looked to the east with fear. They remember the words spoken by Alexander Nevsky. And he said this: "".
(O. Tikhomirov)
Answer the questions:
- Why did the Russians fight violently? They defended their native land
- Why was it difficult for the cavalry of the crusaders in battle? The Crusader horsemen were heavy and clumsy.
- What did the Russians use the hooks for? They hooked the knights with hooks and pulled them off the horse.
- What words of Alexander Nevsky did the knights remember? Underline these words of the Russian prince in the text. Remember them.
