Bilateral planer The Logosol DH410 has many similarities with the PH260. The machine is based on the same principles and most of its components are identical to the PH260, i.e. This is a very robust machine with a cast iron work table and separate motors for each cutter and feed. Both machines also have the same knives and cutting heads.
The difference is that the DH410 works with two cutters instead of four. Four-sided planing is carried out by passing the board twice through the machine, with the initial rough processing of the board and subsequent refinement to dimensions of 310 mm in width and 100 mm in height.
The DH410 is primarily purchased by those who want a machine with the performance of a four-sided planer, but accept that production will take a little longer. The main advantage of the DH410 over the PH260 is that you get a reliable planer with a width of 410mm. Some of our customers have retrofitted the DH410 to planer tapered boards for decking or paneling. The machine can also be used as a vertical feed machine. If you will not plan the sides of the boards, replace the steel rollers with rubber ones.
Peculiarities
- Easy installation with clear scale in 0.1mm increments.
- Euro plug 16 A.
- Possibility of separately starting each of the three engines.
- 6000 rpm guarantees a smooth surface.
- Maximum dimensions processed surface: 410x260 mm.
- Stainless steel design for outdoor use.
- A low friction insert in the machine table ensures smooth feeding.
- Minimum maintenance.
Various equipment can be used to process wood. The type of equipment used depends on what kind of action will be carried out: cutting, grinding or planing. Thicknessing machines for wood are used for planing wood. It is important to note that there are three almost identical types of cutting: jointing, thicknessing and planing. IN Lately Thicknessing machines are becoming increasingly popular. This is due to the results that can be achieved when using them.
Features of the planing process
Various equipment is produced for the home that can be used for woodworking. In order to understand what features a thickness planer has, you should take a closer look at the planing process.
Wood planing is a type of cutting processing that is carried out by the reciprocating movement of the cutting tool or the workpiece itself. Such processing involves reducing the thickness of the workpiece in the longitudinal direction. Can be carried out at home in small-scale production or in industrial scale. Previously, a jointer was used, which performed a reciprocating movement.
The thicknesser machine is made according to the operating principle of jointers: the workpiece or cutting element performs a reciprocating movement to remove a certain layer in one pass.
Thickening is a type of planing that allows you to obtain workpieces with a given surface finish and the same thickness. The difference from using a jointer and the jointing process itself is the high accuracy of the resulting dimensions and degree of roughness.
Classic design
For your home, you can choose a mini thickness planer; for production on an industrial scale, you can choose a more powerful model. Both the home and industrial versions have approximately the same design, to key features which may include:
- a wide shaft with knives is used as a cutting tool. The number of knives may vary. In their manufacture it is used tool steel, which can withstand long-term exposure. In this case, sharpening of knives will be necessary only after a large volume of material has passed through a thickness planer;
The quality of processing, compared to using a jointer, is much higher, as is the speed of the operation. Due to the similarity of the thicknessing and planing processes, many manufacturers are creating planer-thicknessing machines, which significantly speeds up the process of obtaining the desired result.
Classification
The thicknessing machines under consideration can be divided into two main categories:
- unilateral. IN in this case Thickening is carried out only on top of the workpiece. The design has only one block with knives.
- A double-sided thicknessing machine has an additional blade with knives, which is located directly along the plane of the table. Double-sided models are widely used.
The effectiveness of the double-sided version is higher; it is rarely used at home.
Main technical characteristics
The machine has certain technical characteristics, among which we note:
- Maximum width of the processed workpiece. If it has a large width, then you will have to use a jointer. However, when jointing it is difficult to maintain the required thickness. The maximum width indicator practically corresponds to the width of the machine itself.
- Maximum thickness of the supplied workpiece. A mini machine, often household, can have a maximum thickness of the supplied wood of about 10 millimeters, industrial versions up to 160 millimeters. As a rule, the blades are located on top. The design has two stands that rise above the table along with a drum and knives, as well as an electric motor with a drive. The drum is movable and moves in a vertical direction. It also rotates with one centering axis. Many models have the ability to adjust the cutting depth via the control unit.
- Shaft rotation speed – up to 10,000 rpm. The rotation speed can be changed when installing a V-belt drive.
- The power of the electric motor, which is needed to drive all structural elements, can range from 1 to 44 kW and higher. For domestic use, thicknessing machines with low power are chosen. This is because reducing power results in lower energy consumption. Higher power allows faster processing of the supplied wood, as the maximum penetration per pass is higher. Powerful electric motors require three-phase power. Connection to high voltage and operation under load leads to heating of the electric motor. Therefore, powerful models have their own separate system cooling.
- Chip removal is carried out using a special mechanism or manually after stopping the equipment. Chips must be removed from the cutting area, as they can affect the accuracy of removing the wood layer.
- The amount of downforce. Wood blocks of a certain length, width and thickness are pressed close to the cutting zone. This is necessary in order to increase the accuracy of removing a certain layer of wood.
- Some models have a control panel with keys, others have pedals. The control unit, as a rule, has a standard set of functions.
Similar qualities characterize the double-sided and single-sided versions of the type of machine under consideration.
Model selection
Once you have decided what a surface thicknesser is and what it is needed for, and have examined the main characteristics and purpose of the structural elements, you can move on to the question of choice. When considering models for the home, many people think that purchasing a jointer will be cheaper and easier. However, you should not compare a thickness planer and a hand tool.
The machine has the following advantages:
- high performance. Without extra effort, if you abandon hand tools in favor of mechanized ones, you can process a large amount of material. For one volume, when using a manual jointer, planing takes almost the entire day; with a mini electric planer, it will take an hour or more; a surface planer will do the job in a few minutes;
- simplicity and safety of the device. When using a jointer, you can get injured, get calluses, and become physically exhausted. At the same time, only professionals with extensive experience can achieve the required result;
- making the surface as smooth as possible when using a jointer or electric planer is practically impossible, since a person cannot determine and accurately control the force of his influence. You can use a surface planer to obtain a surface with high-precision dimensions and degree of roughness.
Reasons why you buy a thickness planer for your home and industrial production quite a bit of.
There are several main criteria by which a thicknesser is selected:
- Budget. The magnitude of the upcoming costs worries almost everyone. You should not choose cheap options if you plan to pass more than 5 cubic meters of wood through the equipment per year. Cheap models are not designed for a large amount of work and can fail when subjected to high loads. Also, when creating them, non-energy-saving elements are used, since they have a high cost. The cost of hardy models is approximately 20 thousand rubles. For one-time repairs or construction of a house, a model whose cost does not reach 17 thousand rubles is suitable.
- The location of use and installation also plays an important role. The machine often must be installed indoors, as it has an electrical supply that is not protected from exposure to high humidity. When considering a machine, its dimensions should be taken into account: after installation, each side must be provided with Free access, which will allow you to carry out work conveniently.
- The main characteristics that are taken into account when choosing are the power of the electric motor, the depth of cut, the width of the workpiece, the shaft speed and the weight of the machine itself. All parameters, with the exception of weight, determine what material can be obtained after processing the workpiece. The weight of the structure determines the possibility of installing it at home. If the weight is very large, then you need a special plate that will withstand the load.
In addition to the above points, the popularity of the brand under which the machine model is produced is taken into account. How to choose a thickness planer for your home? Low cost, but also insignificant performance is typical for Hitachi P13F, Caliber PP-1900/330 or STURM TH14203. To set up production, you should choose the Makita 2012 NB, Metabo DH 330 0200033000 and DeWalt DW 733 models. They have high reliability and productivity.
Planing machines
TO category:
Woodworking machinery
Planing machines
Design
On single-sided jointing machines, one of the planes of the workpiece (usually the face) is aligned or sequentially, in two transitions, two planes of the workpiece. The working body is a horizontal knife shaft, on which two, less often four, legs are installed. The machines are designed for processing workpieces and panels up to 600 mm wide.
The diagram of a single-sided jointing machine is shown in Fig. 130 The machine bed is cast, box-type. The machine has front and back tables, a guide ruler. The guide ruler is cast, with well-processed supporting and vertical planes. It is mounted on the machine using a bracket.
The knife shaft is mounted horizontally on the frame in ball bearings. The shaft is covered with a fan guard, hinged on the machine. Thanks to the spiral spring, the guard is pressed against the guide fence, completely covering the knife shaft.
Each table is mounted on two eccentric rollers, movably mounted in separate slides for each table. The slides are attached to the frame with bolts. Eccentric rollers allow you to move the tables in height, and the slides allow you to move the tables closer or further away from the knife shaft.
Rice. 1. Schematic diagram single-sided jointing machine: 1 - back table, 2, 15 - eccentric rollers, 3 - thrust. 4 - bracket, 6 - nut, 6 - blade shaft, 7 - fan guard, 8 - bracket for fastening the guide bar, 9, 11 - screws, 10 - rod, 12 - guide bar, 13 - front table, 14 - mechanism handle lifting and lowering the front table, 16 - slide, 17 - installation location of the push-button station, 18 - hand brake levers, 19 - blade shaft lock, 20 - bed, 21 - electric motor, 22 - hand brake housing
The horizontal position of the tables when lifting and lowering is maintained due to the pairwise connection of eccentric rollers in rods-screws 3. The front table is lowered and raised by moving the handle in the plane of the sector with divisions; The height position of the rear table is adjusted by changing the position of the screw rod with nuts.
The starting equipment of the electric drive is built into the frame. A special device can be provided for sharpening and jointing knives directly on the knife shaft.
Double-sided jointing machines have a second working body - a vertical spindle, which allows them to simultaneously process two surfaces of workpieces (face and edge) with the formation of a right angle between them.
In addition, they differ from single-sided jointing machines by the presence of a composite guide ruler. The machines are equipped with automatic feeders, depending on the design of which, height changes are adjusted using a handwheel.
Rice. 2. Double-sided jointing machine S2F4-1: 1 - bed, 2 - rear table, 3 - handwheel for the mechanism for raising and lowering the car lift, 4 - automatic feeder, 5 - guide ruler, 6 - front table, 7 - handle for the table height adjustment mechanism, 8 - control panel
Rice. 3. Diagram of a vertical spindle and a composite guide ruler of a double-sided jointing machine: 1 - fixed part of the ruler, 2 - fixing screw, 3 - bracket, 4 - stand, 5 - V-belt drive, 6 - electric motor, 7 - screw for belt tension, 8 - plate for fixing the electric motor, 9 - handle for installing the bracket, 10 - eccentric for installing the movable part of the ruler, 11 - movable part of the ruler, 12 - cutter head, 13 - spindle
When changing cutting tools, the automatic feeder is moved to the side. To brake the knife shaft, an electromechanical brake is provided, interlocked with the “Stop” button of the machine.
The spindle (Fig. 3) is secured with a bracket on a fixed stand. The electric motor is connected to the spindle through a V-belt drive. The spindle rotates at a frequency of up to 7000 rpm, the cutting circle diameter is 104 mm. There is a cutter head on the spindle. The guide ruler is composite: its main part is stationary, the moving part is moved in a horizontal plane by turning the eccentric. When the eccentric is fully rotated, the moving part of the ruler moves relative to the fixed part by 2 mm.
Operating mode selection
First of all, it is necessary to determine the thickness of the wood layer to be removed, and if the machine is equipped with an automatic feeder, then the feed speed.
The thickness of the removed layer depends on the warpage of the workpieces, the magnitude of which is determined by trial processing of 3-5 workpieces.
If the processed workpieces have unplaned areas, the front table is lowered to the required amount. If the warp value is more than 2-3 mm, jointing is carried out in two passes.
Rice. 14. Surface processed by milling: a - general form, b - surface with the trajectory of movement of the cutting edge of the cutter
Knowing the amount of feed per knife, the cutting radius, the number of knives and the speed of rotation of the knife shaft, it is possible to calculate the numerical value of the amount of irregularities and thereby the class of processing roughness and, conversely, to determine the permissible feed rate based on a given class of surface roughness.
Setting up machines
Setting up single-sided jointing machines involves setting the rear and front tables in height, as well as the guide ruler.
The working surface of the back table must coincide with the horizontal tangent to the cylindrical cutting surface or be 0.02-0.03 mm below it. In this position, kinematic irregularities do not rest against the table sponge. To set the table in the required position, take a properly processed block of hardwood, place it firmly on the table and manually turn the cutter shaft. If the knives lightly touch the block, then the table is installed correctly, the block lies on the knife - the table must be raised. Raise the table by moving the nut with a wrench along the screw-rod connecting the eccentric rollers of the rear table. The back table is adjusted after each change of knives and their sharpening and jointing directly on the shaft.
The position of the front table relative to the back one depends on the thickness of the layer of wood being removed, which should not exceed 2 mm. It is determined by the distance from the working plane of the front table to the horizontal tangent to the cylindrical cutting circle. The table is moved in height using a handle, positioning it against the corresponding division marked on the sector. The design of the table movement mechanism allows you to quickly raise and lower the table by moving the handle, which is used for longitudinal milling of warped workpieces.
Having adjusted the tables in height, check the distance between the table jaws and the cutting edges of the knives. It should be within 2-3 mm. It is measured with a calibrated plate of appropriate thickness. The plate should fit easily, but without play, into the gap between the sponge and the knife blade. If the distance is more than 3 mm, tears appear on the workpiece; less than 2 mm, the cutting edge of the knife is chipped. Adjust the gap size by turning the shaft until the knife is against the jaw. By unscrewing the screws, move the slide with eccentric rollers until a gap of 2-3 mm is obtained along the entire length of the knife shaft. After this, the slide is securely fastened.
When jointing block workpieces, the distance between the guide ruler and the left end of the knife shaft should be slightly larger than the width of the workpiece being processed. As the knives become dull, the ruler is gradually moved to the right to ensure that the undull areas of the knives are involved in the work. The guide ruler is moved across the table by a rack and pinion mechanism driven by a handwheel. To longitudinally mill the edge of a part at an angle to the face (usually 90°), a guide ruler is installed using a metal square or (at an angle other than a straight line) an appropriate template. To do this, a control square (template) is installed on the rear table of the machine. The gap between the flange of the template square and the surface of the guide ruler should not exceed 0.05 mm over a length of 1001 mm. The guide ruler, installed at a certain angle, is fixed with a screw.
When setting up double-sided jointers, the tables and the stationary part of the guide fence (above the back table) are set up in the same way as in single-sided jointers. The plane of the moving part of the guide ruler (above the front table) should be separated from the plane of the fixed part of the guide ruler by the thickness of the layer of wood removed from the edge of the workpiece. It is installed in the desired position by turning the eccentric handle, which moves along the hob, which has the shape of a semicircle.
If the handle is in the middle of a semicircle, will the ruler take a position at which the thickness of the cut layer of wood will be equal to 1 mm? if the handle is located at 1/4 of the semicircle - 0.5 mm, etc. The tangent to the cylindrical cutting surface of the knives of the head mounted on a vertical spindle must coincide with the plane of the stationary part of the guide ruler or be 0.01-0 away from it .02 mm. To install the head, a block with aligned planes is pressed against the stationary part of the ruler and the bracket carrying the head is rotated until the cutter head takes a position in which the cutting edges of the knives lightly touch the block. In this position, the head is fixed by tightening the bracket locking screw.
Both automatic feeders and conveyor feeders are configured to feed workpieces of a certain thickness. Workpieces must be fed without “slipping” and with slight pressure on them from spring-loaded rollers, chains or claws.
The supply of workpieces also depends on the location of the automatic feeders. When processing sheets, it is better to install the automatic feeder behind the knife shaft (at a distance of 30-40 mm from it); when processing thick workpieces, the feeders can be located above the front table. The automatic feeder is installed at a slight angle to the guide ruler, which ensures that the workpiece being processed is pressed against it.
Automatic feeders are also used on single-sided jointing machines. To joint the edges of the workpieces, they are installed parallel to the guide line; in this position, the automatic feeder elements press the workpiece against the guide line and the machine table.
The setting is checked by test jointing. Deviation from plane should not exceed 0.15 mm over a length of 1000 mm and from perpendicularity - 0.1 mm over a length of 100 mm.
Working on machines
One worker works on a single-sided jointing machine, and two workers on a double-sided jointer. The machine operator takes the workpiece from the stack, inspects it and places it with the concave surface down on the front table. Pressing the workpiece against the guide ruler with both hands, he feeds it to the knives. Subsequently, when moving the workpiece with his left hand, he presses the processed part of the workpiece to the plane of the back table. After the next pass, the machine operator again inspects the workpiece and either puts it in a stack, or, in the case of a simple horn, sends it back to the machine. Workpieces with a heavily warped surface should not be planed, since the chips have to be removed in several passes and the thickness of the workpieces as a result of such processing is reduced to the size at which they are scrapped.
Rice. 5. Device for feeding short workpieces to the cutting tool: 1 - workpiece, 2 - pusher
If a part needs to be aligned with two mutually perpendicular surfaces, then first the wider one (for example, a face) is aligned, and then the workpiece is pressed with this surface to the guide ruler and the second surface (edge) is milled. On a double-sided jointer, this operation is performed in one pass.
On a jointing machine you cannot mill to size in thickness or obtain workpieces with parallel planes. This is done on other machines, for example thicknessing machines. The optimal length of parts processed on jointing machines is 1-1.5 m; shorter workpieces should be milled using special device(Fig. 5); Planing longer ones is inconvenient and difficult due to the large mass.
If the treated surface has curvature or wingedness, it is necessary to verify the position of the tables relative to the knife shaft. When “beating” the workpiece with knives, mossiness and arson appear on the treated surface, the knives should be sharpened; If two adjacent planes are not at right angles, you need to adjust the guide ruler.
When fed manually, workpieces shorter than 400 mm, 50 mm and thinner than 30 mm can be guided to the cutting tool only by pushers, and curved workpieces - by templates. It is prohibited to perform shaped longitudinal milling and quarter cutting on jointing machines.
Machine design. Planing machines are distinguished by the largest width of the workpiece processed: 250 mm (SFZ-Z, SFAZ-1, S2FZ-E), 400 mm (SF4-1, SFA4-1, S2F4-1) and 630 mm (SF6-1, SFK6- 1).
Depending on the number of cutting mechanisms, there are single- and double-sided machines. On double-sided machines (S2FZ-E, S2F4-1), two surfaces of the workpiece are milled simultaneously: the face and the edge.
Based on the type of feeding of the processed material, a distinction is made between jointing machines with manual and mechanized feed. Mechanized feeding is carried out by attached automatic feeders (SFAZ-1, SFA4-1) or a conveyor feed mechanism built into the machine (SFK6-1).
To collect and remove chips and dust, the machines are equipped with chip receivers connected to the factory exhaust network.
The single-spindle jointing machine SF6 is shown in Fig. 1. The cutter shaft, front and rear tables and guide ruler are mounted on the box-shaped frame. The knife shaft is mounted on ball bearings and is driven by an electric motor through a V-belt drive. The electric motor is located on the sub-motor plate inside the frame. To quickly stop the knife shaft there is a brake operating from an electromagnet.
Rice. 1. Single-spindle jointing machine SF6: 1 - bed, 2.8 - tables, 3 - guard, 4 - guide ruler, 5 - knife shaft, 6 - clamps, guide ruler fastenings, 7 - bracket, 9 - scale, 10 - table height adjustment handle
To change the thickness of the layer being removed, the front table can be moved in height relative to the knife shaft. The back table is designed for precise positioning of the machined surface of the part. It is made unregulated, i.e. rigidly attached to the frame, or adjustable in height. Having an adjustment mechanism makes it easier to set up the machine. The guide ruler is designed for precise lateral alignment of the workpiece. It is made in the form of a narrow plate and mounted on a bracket. It can be tilted towards the working surface of the table and moved across the width of the machine. The working area of the knife shaft is closed by a fan guard.
The double-sided jointing machine with horizontal and vertical spindles S2FZ-2 is designed for simultaneous milling of the face and edge of the workpiece. Unlike a single-sided jointing machine, it is additionally equipped with a vertical edge jointing head, front and rear guide rulers. The front ruler can be adjusted relative to the head to the thickness of the layer being removed. The edge jointing head is driven into rotation by an individual electric motor mounted on a bracket at the back of the bed. The processed material is fed by rotating rollers of the automatic feeder.
The jointing machine with a built-in conveyor SFK6-1 has a conveyor feed mechanism. It is made in the form of an endless chain put on sprockets, one of which is drive. Spring-loaded, pointed metal claws are attached to the chain links for a secure grip on the workpiece. The feed mechanism is mounted on two stands and can be moved in height by a separate electric motor through screw and worm gears.
Setting up machines. Setup includes installing knives in the knife shaft, adjusting the position of the tables, guide ruler and feed mechanism. Properly prepared knives should be installed in the knife shaft. They must be sharpened, balanced and balanced. Before installing knives into the knife shaft, you must:
turn off the input switch; turn the automatic feeder to the non-working position or raise the support of the conveyor feed mechanism; move the guide ruler to the extreme right position; lower the front table to its extreme position; secure the blade shaft with a locking device; loosen the screws securing the knives and remove dull knives; clean the grooves in the body and wedges from chips, dust and resin; install the prepared knives.
The knife is installed in the knife shaft so that its cutting edge protrudes beyond the edge of the pressure wedge (chip breaker) by 1.5...2 mm when the thickness of the cut layer (chips) is more than 0.2 mm and 0.5...1 mm when the thickness of the chips is less 0.2 mm. The non-parallelism of the cutting edge of the installed knife on the working surface of the rear table should be no more than 0.1 mm over a length of 1000 mm.
To achieve the required installation accuracy, control and installation devices are used (Fig. 2). The accuracy of installation is controlled with a ruler or a wooden block with a section of 30 X 50 mm and a length of 400 mm. The block is placed on the rear table of the machine at the end of the knife shaft (Fig. 2, a). The shaft is rotated manually and, having loosened the fastening screws, the position of the knife is changed so that the cutting edge touches the block. The fastening screw closest to the bar is lightly tightened. When relocating the block, check the position of the other end of the knife. Adjust the position of the knife so that its edge along its entire length is positioned equally relative to the block. The following knives are adjusted in the same way. The adjusted knives are finally secured with screws. A gap between the knives and the housing jaws is not allowed. The quality of installation of knives is controlled by the force of turning the knife shaft manually and by the sound that occurs when the knife comes into contact with the working surface of the template.
In some cases, to achieve installation accuracy, a template made in the form of a C-shaped bracket is used (Fig. 79.6). The bracket is equipped with base supports with which it is installed on the knife shaft housing. The template is pre-configured. Using the screw, adjust the base stop to ensure optimal protrusion of the knife relative to the body. When setting up, bring the cutting edge of each knife until it touches the base stop. By moving the bracket along the knife shaft, ensure that the knives are parallel to the shaft body.
The device with an indicator (Fig. 2, c) has a body with precisely ground plates, in which a dial-type indicator is fixed. The device is installed on the back table so that the stop touches the cutting edge of the knife. The position of the knife in the body is adjusted using the indicator scale. The device allows you to achieve the installation of knives on the same cutting circle with an error of up to 0.02 mm while ensuring parallelism and the necessary release of the knives relative to the working surface of the rear table.
After final tightening of the spacer bolts, the knives may move. Therefore, you should once again check that they are installed correctly, rotate the shaft idle and make sure that the knives are securely fastened.
The back table is installed so that its working surface is tangent to the circle described by the cutting edges of the knives, or 0.02...0.03 mm below it (Fig. 3, a). If a verified template (control ruler) is used when setting up the knife shaft, then the knives will be installed tangentially. If a control and adjustment device is used during adjustment, basing it on the cylindrical surface of the knife shaft housing, it is necessary to adjust the position of the rear table in height. The table is adjusted by turning the eccentric rollers through rod-screws 2 with a nut 3, and the accuracy of the installation is controlled by a verified template or an indicator device.
Rice. 2. Alignment of knives in the knife shaft of a jointing machine: a - with a control ruler or a wooden block, b - a template, c - a device with an indicator; 1 - block, 2 - table, 3 - blade shaft, 4 - stop, 5 - bracket, 6 - lock nut, 7 - screw, 8 - housing, 9 - indicator
When processing bar parts, the guide ruler is positioned so that the distance to the left end of the knife shaft is slightly greater than the width of the workpiece being processed. As the knives become dull, the ruler is moved to the right and the parts are processed with that part of the knife shaft on which the knives have not yet become dull. When processing parts with non-perpendicular adjacent surfaces, the guide ruler is positioned so that the angle between its working surface and the knife shaft is obtuse.
The fence guides on a double-sided jointer perform the same functions as the front and back tables. The rulers are adjusted relative to the edge jointing head using a handle, and the amount of the layer to be removed is set using a scale mounted on the frame.
The automatic feeder or conveyor feed mechanism is adjusted in height (Fig. 3, b) using a handwheel, depending on the thickness of the workpieces being processed. The distance from the working surface of the front table to the feed rollers (conveyor fingers) should be 2...3 mm less than the thickness of the workpiece. The automatic feeder is positioned above the knife shaft so that the first feed roller is above the front table at a distance of 50...60 mm from the knife shaft, and the other rollers are above the rear table.
The automatic feeder is oriented relative to the guide ruler so that the rollers are not parallel to the axis of the knife shaft (angle 1...30), for which the automatic feeder is rotated relative to the vertical axis. This arrangement of the feed rollers allows the workpiece to be pressed against the guide ruler and improves the conditions for its basing.
The pressure of the feed elements on the workpiece must be sufficient to feed without slipping. Excessive pressure causes increased wear of the automatic feeder mechanisms and deformation of the part in the cutter shaft area.
Rice. 3. Setting up a jointing machine: a - setting up tables, b - installing an automatic feeder; 1 - rear table, 2 - screw rods, 3 - nut, 4 - blade shaft, 5 - front table, 6 - handle for adjusting the thickness of the layer being removed, 7 - scale, 8 - eccentric roller, 9 - rods
The front table is installed so that its working surface is below the upper generatrix of the circle described by the cutting edges of the knives. The amount of protrusion of the knives relative to the front table determines the thickness of the layer to be removed. Since the thickness of the largest layer depends on the degree of warping of the workpiece, the table height is adjusted before processing each workpiece. By rotating the eccentric rollers through the rods, handle 6 raises or lowers the table. The amount of lift is controlled on a scale.
Working on machines. When processing small workpieces, a manually fed planer is operated by one worker. The machine operator takes a workpiece from the stack, visually evaluates the convex and concave edges of the workpiece and places it with its concave surface on the front table. Severely warped or defective workpieces should be rejected
Pressing the workpiece to the table and the guide ruler from the side with your left hand, right hand feed it onto the knife shaft. When moving, the front end of the workpiece moves the fan guard and thus provides access to the rotating knives.
After processing the front end of the workpiece, you should firmly press the processed part to the plane of the back table with your left hand and continue feeding.
When feeding, carefully monitor the position of your hands relative to the knife shaft and keep them at a safe distance. When processing small parts, there is an increased risk of injury, so workpieces shorter than 400, narrower than 50 and thinner than 30 mm are fed into the machine only with a special pusher (Fig. 81). After each pass, the machine operator evaluates the quality of the processing and, if the surface is not planed, re-planes it.
If two surfaces of a part need to be aligned, then first the face is milled, and then the edge, pressing the part with the previously processed surface against the guide ruler. On double-sided machines, these operations are performed in one pass.
When processing massive and large-sized parts, the machine is operated by two workers. The machine operator positions and feeds the workpiece, and the second worker, standing behind the machine, helps at the final stage of processing, receives the finished part and places it in a stack. If necessary, additional roller tables are installed in front and behind the machine.
The manual feed speed on the machine is selected individually for each workpiece, depending on the defects and the required milling depth. When counter-cutting and milling against the grain, the speed should be reduced. The milling depth depends on the processing allowance and the size of the defects.
Rice. 4. Scheme of processing small parts using a pusher
Removing stock in one pass usually does not allow obtaining the required quality of processing. best effect are achieved in two or more passes at a small milling depth, since in this case the deformation of the part under the influence of clamping forces and internal stresses in the workpiece material is reduced.
In machines with mechanized feed, the feed speed is selected according to a schedule based on the condition of maximum load of the cutting motor and ensuring the specified surface roughness.
The resulting parts must be checked for accuracy of processing. By applying the treated surfaces one part to another, the size of the processing error is visually judged by the size of the gap between them. In addition, the flatness of the machined surface can be checked with a straight edge and feeler gauge. The deviation from the plane should not exceed 0.15 mm over a length of 1000 mm. Adjacent treated surfaces must be mutually perpendicular. The permissible deviation is 0.1 mm at a height of 100 mm. Perpendicularity is checked with a test square and feeler gauge. The roughness of the treated surface should be 60... 100 microns. If the parts do not meet the specified requirements, the machine should be adjusted.
The SF6-2 jointing machine consists of a bed and a work table, which consists of two horizontal smooth cast-iron plates (back and front), equipped with thin steel jaws on the side of the knife shaft. The purpose of the sponges is to protect the ends of the slabs from abrasion, reduce the gap between the knives and the slabs and support the fibers when cutting chips. A knife shaft is placed between the plates. The knife shaft is located so that the cutting edges of the knives mounted on it are flush with the back plate. Each plate can be raised and lowered separately using a screw.
Rice. 1. Device for balancing knife shafts
A guide ruler is fixed on the table, which can be moved along the width of the table. The jointer operates directly from an electric motor through a V-belt drive.
When planing, the material being processed is placed on the front plate of the table, if possible at a right angle to the knife shaft and, pressing it tightly against the plate with the left hand near the knives, with the right hand farther from them, slide it onto the knives that are planing bottom surface details.
Rice. 2. Jointer SF6-2:
a - general view: 1 - electric motor, 2 - back plate of the work table, 3 - guide ruler, 4 - handle for the height indicator of the front plate, 5 - knife shaft, 6 - fan guard, 7 - front plate of the work table, 8 - starting device , 9 - bed; b - planing diagram: 1 - rear plate, 2 - front plate, 3 - thickness of chips removed
When the front end of the part passes the knives, the part is taken with the left hand to the surface of the rear plate, and with the right hand to the surface of the front plate. The pressure should be as uniform as possible, and the feed should be smooth and uniform.
First, the wide side of the part (face) is touched, and then the narrow side (edge). When planing the second adjacent side The part should be pressed against the table and against the guide ruler.
To avoid excessive scuffing of the fibers, planing should be done layer by layer. When planing parts made of pine wood, it is recommended to wipe the work table with a rag moistened with kerosene, since the resin released from the wood sticks to the table and makes it difficult to move the parts.
With very careful installation of the knives on the knife shaft, it is still not possible to position their cutting edges exactly along the same circle, and a difference of 0.5-0.1 mm is obtained in the cutting radii. Because of this, waves appear on the treated surface. To reduce this difference, a device is used for jointing and straightening knives at the installation site. The device is produced together with a folding and separately attached machine. After jointing and straightening the knives, the difference between the cutting radii decreases to 0.03-0.02 mm and the planed surface becomes smoother.
The sharpening part of the device is brought into contact with the blade of one knife on the knife shaft and secured in this position. Then turn on the device and move it along the guide along the entire length of the knife, aligning the blade and straightening it. Having finished editing one knife, turn the knife shaft, bring the second knife under the sharpening part of the device and repeat the jointing and straightening. The blades of all knives mounted on the knife shaft are processed in this way.
To feed the material, you need to use special pusher blocks that ensure safe operation and prevent your fingers from coming into contact with the knives.
The planing width on the SF6-2 machine is 600 mm, the thickness of the removed layer is 6 mm, the cutting diameter is 125 mm, the number of knives on the shaft, the number of revolutions of the knife shaft per minute is 5000, the power of the electric motor of the knife shaft is 4.5 kW. Machine weight 860 kg.
The SF4-4 planing machine is designed for planing and leveling the surface along a plane and for milling boards and bars into corners. The machine has a round two-knife shaft with wedge fastening of knives. The spindle for vertical milling consists of front and rear guides and a spindle block with a two-knife head. The front ruler is movable, it is moved in accordance with the specified milling depth; the back ruler is fixed motionless. The spindle is driven by an individual electric motor via V-belts. The machine is equipped with an automatic feeder UPA-3, which automatically feeds the workpieces.
Planing width on the machine is 400 mm, the thickness of the removed layer is 6 mm, the diameter of the knife shaft is 125 mm, the cutting diameter is 128 mm, the number of knives on the shaft, the power of the electric motor of the knife shaft is 2.8 kW, the number of revolutions of the knife shaft per minute is 5000, the weight of the machine is 620 kg .
The SF4-4 jointing machine makes it possible to perform jointing and milling, that is, to combine several operations on one machine that require two different machines. Production space is saved and equipment productivity increases. Labor productivity is doubled by speeding up feed and reducing the number of workers.
Rice. 3. Jointer SF4-4
To prevent accidents, a protective shield or safety curtain is installed above the knife shaft, which is moved to the side during operation of the workpiece itself, and after the part has passed, under the action of a spring, the entire knife shaft is closed again.
To mechanize the feeding of workpieces, you can use attached roller automatic feeders, in which the rollers are driven into rotation by an electric motor through a gearbox. The body of the automatic feeder, with the help of levers and a stand, can be installed so that the rollers will press the workpiece to the table or to the guide ruler.
Existing fences for woodworking machines are mostly bulky and lack versatility. The Kurgan Woodworking Machinery Plant produces the UPA-3 automatic feeder, which can be used as a universal fence on circular saws, planers and milling machines.
Using a UPA automatic feeder, a stand with a device is installed either on the machine table, or on a platform fixed next to the machine, as well as on a separate foundation to the right or left of the machine.
Rice. 4. Safety guards for the jointer:
a-Erokhin shield; b - fan fence; 1 - spring shield, 2 - curtain; c - automatic feeder with top clamp: 1 - stand, 2 - automatic feeder, 3 - front table
The body of the automatic feeder, using hinges and a stand, can be installed so that the rollers will press the workpiece when processing it to the table or to the guide ruler.
On a jointing machine, the UPA-3 automatic feeder is installed so that the first pair of rollers is located above the front of the table, the second and third pairs are located above the back. Along the width of the machine, feed rollers are installed in the middle of the material being planed.
Rice. 5. Universal fencing - automatic feeder UPA-3 (view from the side of the processed material)
The distance between the rollers and the machine table is set less than the thickness of the supplied material. The material is fed manually up to the second pair of rollers, and then by an automatic feeder.
The S2F-4 double-sided jointing machine with mechanical feed and edge jointing head is shown in Fig. 6. The machine is used for simultaneous planing and jointing of the bottom face and the right edge of one workpiece (corner planing). The machine consists of a cast-iron frame on which two plates are located on eccentric supports - front and rear, between them there is a knife shaft with a diameter of 125 and a length of 410 mm, which has a fan guard. The knife shaft rotates on ball bearings and is driven by a 4.5 kW electric motor through a V-belt drive. There is a guide ruler on the plates. The front plate serves as a guide for the workpieces before planing, and the rear plate is designed to move the workpieces during planing. The size of the removed layer of wood is adjusted by raising or lowering the front table using a handle on which there is a height indicator. The rear plate is adjusted using a screw or nut. Planing width of the machine is 400 mm. The thickness of the workpiece being processed is 15-100 mm, the thickness of the removed layer is 6 mm, the number of knives on the shaft is 2-4, the number of revolutions per minute of the knife shaft is 6000, the weight of the machine is 800 kg. On the machine, in addition to the horizontal knife shaft, a vertical knife head is mounted, through which the edge of the workpiece is planed. The vertical cutter head is mounted on an edge jointer spindle mounted on a special support. The automatic feeder and edging head have individual electric motors. Therefore, the drive of the spindle of the vertical cutter head is carried out from one electric motor with a power of 1.7 kW through a V-belt transmission. Workpieces and lumber are fed to the horizontal cutter shaft using an automatic feeder, which is driven by another electric motor through a gearbox. The automatic feeder is located on the side of the machine on a vertical rod and, depending on the thickness of the workpieces being processed, can move in the vertical and transverse directions. Push-button control.
Rice. 6. Double-sided jointing machine S2F-4 with automatic feeder and edge jointing head:
1 - control buttons, 2 - fan guard of the knife shaft, 3 - rear table, 4 - automatic feeder, 5 - edge jointer spindle, 6 - rear table height adjustment screw, 7 - guide ruler, 8 - eccentric mechanism handle for front table height adjustment , 9 - front table
Planing machines with mechanical feed of parts are more productive than the machines with manual feed discussed above.
The device for mechanized feeding of parts has rubber-coated rollers or a conveyor chain. The rollers are driven into rotation by an electric motor through a gearbox. The conveyor chain has spring pins. Endless chains of fingers, moving towards the knife, grab the workpiece and move it over the knife shaft of the machine. Depending on the thickness of the parts being processed, the conveyor chain can be installed at different heights. The chain is driven by a built-in individual electric motor with a power of 0.6 kW.
The SF6A-2 jointing machine with a conveyor feed is more powerful; it is used for processing one or several workpieces up to 600 mm wide. The four-knife shaft of the machine is driven through a belt drive by an electric motor. To quickly brake the knife shaft, an electromagnetic brake is used, acting on the end surface of the disk mounted on the end of the shaft. Along the circumference of the disc there are holes for a stopper that fixes the position of the shaft when sharpening knives. The material is supplied by a double-chain conveyor equipped with transverse bars with spring claws. Thanks to the large number of claws, the pressure of each of them on the workpiece is insignificant and therefore the workpiece does not deform when moving along the table. Chains with bars are tensioned on two pairs of sprockets - one drive and the other tension. There are removable devices for sharpening and jointing knives directly on the machine.
Rice. 7. Jointer and device for mechanical feeding of parts:
a - general view of the machine; b - diagram of the conveyor mechanism on a jointing machine: 1 - knife shaft, 2 - workpiece, 3 - back plate, 4 - pressure fingers, 5 - conveyor chain, 6 front plate
Rice. 8. Kinematic diagram of a jointing machine with a conveyor feed:
1 - mechanism for adjusting the height of the rear table, 2 - rear table, 3 - mechanism for driving the conveyor, 4 - conveyor, 5 - front table, 6 - mechanism for adjusting the height of the front table, 7 - mechanism for adjusting the height of the conveyor to the thickness of the workpiece, 8 - knife shaft
The diagram of the working place at the jointing machine is shown in Fig. 9. The parts processed on the machine should be placed near the machine so that the worker does not have to make unnecessary transitions and movements.
Sharp steel pads should be installed on the work table at the slot of the knife shaft, fixed flush with the table surface. The distance between the edges of the pads and the surface that the knife blades describe is no more than 3 mm.
The knife shaft must have a quick-release device for securing the knives.
Rice. 9. Diagram of the working place at the jointing machine:
1 - machine operator's place, 2 - blanks, 3 - planed parts
Workpieces shorter than 400 mm, narrower than 50 mm or thinner than 30 mm when fed manually must be planed only using special blocks - pushers. Planing of thin and short parts in batches can only be done using tsulagi. Shaped and curved planing is prohibited.
After installing both halves of the table to the required height lifting mechanism must be securely secured in this position. The plane of the back table should be tangent to the cylindrical surface described by the blades of the knives.
The non-working part of the knife shaft must be covered with a guard that automatically moves with the guide ruler. Fastening the guide ruler with clamps is prohibited.
On jointing machines with mechanical feed, simultaneous planing of two or more parts of different thicknesses is allowed only if each of them is securely pressed.
The Logosol DH410 planer is primarily purchased by those who need a machine with the processing quality of a four-sided planer, but who accept that the production of products will take a little more time. The main advantage of the DH-410 over the PH-260 is that you get an inexpensive, reliable planer with a spindle width of 410 mm.
Demonstration of PH-260 / DH-410 operation:
DH-410 can also be used as a vertical feed machine. If you do not need to plane the sides of the boards, replace the steel rollers with rubber ones.
The Logosol DH410 double-sided machine is capable of processing workpieces with a width of 410 mm and a thickness of 260 mm. This is sufficient for most products. For profile planing, profiling and planing are possible at the same time. On the left side of the bed there is a side cutter that planes or mills the sides of the workpieces. To achieve four-sided profiling or thicknessing, the workpiece is planed twice. The maximum dimensions for four-sided profiling are 310 mm width and 100 mm thickness. The machine can produce everything: from logs for log houses to profiled thin slats. By increasing the width of the cast frame, you can produce thin blanks such as lining and floor strips. The difference in gripping depth between the cutter knives is only a thousandth of a millimeter, due to which the surface of the final product is extremely smooth and even.
Available for the machine big choice profile knives for moldings. If necessary, it is possible to produce knives of a special configuration. The machine can plan deep, beautiful shapes. The machine has the ability to correct cutting errors because The upper horizontal cutter can plan to a depth of 8 mm per pass, and the side cutter planes even deeper.
As standard, the planer is equipped with flat thicknessing knives HSS for the upper horizontal cutter and 50 mm. for side cutter. All knives are made from standard steel. The spindle diameter of the side cutters is 30 mm, which allows you to select cutters from existing ones.
| Workpiece size for single-sided planing, mm | 410 x 260 |
| Workpiece size for double-sided planing, mm | 410 x 260 |
| Horizontal cutter size, mm | D=72, L=410 |
| Max. horizontal cutter diameter, mm | D=72, L=410 |
| Electric power, kW | 2x3 kW. |
| Speed, rpm. | 6000 |
| Planing depth with horizontal cutter, mm | up to 8 |
| Depth of profiling with a horizontal cutter, mm | to 10 |
| Vertical cutter size, mm | D=90, H=40 |
| Depth of profiling with a vertical cutter, mm | up to 30 |
| Max. Diameter, mm | 140 |
| Planting diameter of cutters, mm | Doxi=30 |
| Horizontal knives, mm | 2 x 410 |
| Side knives, mm | 2 x 50 |
| Electrical supply power, kW. | 0,18 |
| Standard feed speed, m/min. | 6 |
| Additional feed speed, m/min. (Option 1) | 2-12 |
| Additional feed speed, m/min. (Option 2) | 4-24 |
Positive features of the machine:
Cast bed
Possibility of separately starting each of the three engines.
6000 rpm guarantees a smooth surface.
Maximum dimensions of the processed surface: 410x260 mm.
Stainless steel design for outdoor use.
A low friction insert in the machine table ensures smooth feeding.
Requires minimal maintenance.
PH-260 Four Sided Machine Brochure download (*pdf, 0.85 Mb)
PH-260 Quadruple Machine Operating Manual download (*pdf, 1.03 Mb)
Catalog of planing knives download (*.pdf, 3.96 Mb)
In the catalog of planing knives you can see examples of profiles of molded products that can be obtained when using them. Planing knives can be used both as leveling knives and as profiling knives. Swedish knives are made of high quality steel and one sharpening of knives is enough for 300-600 m.p. material. The number of sharpenings is 5-10 times.
Using a jointing machine, perpendicular surfaces are planed and chamfers are formed at the ends of the workpiece at a given angle. Devices with similar functionality are produced trademarks Jet, Zauber, Dewalt, Makita, Felisatti and some others.
The units are quite easy to use and allow you to produce wooden parts of the required size.
Types
Depending on the number of cutting elements, jointers are single-sided or double-sided. Equipment may differ in other characteristics:
- width of the planing surface (400 mm, 500–520 mm, 600–630 mm);
- tabletop length (up to 2500 mm, 2500–3000 mm);
- blade shaft speed (4700–4800 rpm, 5000 rpm).
Home tools are compact, the processing width is smaller than that of industrial models. Long tabletops allow you to plan large workpieces, and the quality improves. An engine installed on an industrial machine can exhibit high rotation speeds, reaching 12,000 rpm. The motor that comes with a household unit has lower performance.
Work principles
Single-sided jointers designed for small private workshops can be operated by one operator. The lumber is laid with the convex side up on the front half of the tabletop. In this case, the workpiece is held with both hands and fed to the cutting element. The processed part of the board is pressed with the left hand to the back of the work table. Each side is planed 1–2 times depending on the initial condition of the wood.
When processing perpendicular sides with a one-sided machine, first a large plane is fed to the planing cutter. The double-sided unit allows you to trim two planes at the same time. Defects in the form of moss and burns on the surface of the board indicate that the knife has become dull and requires sharpening or replacement. Parts less than 400 mm long and no more than 30 mm wide are held by pushers when fed to the jointing unit. If the workpiece has a complex configuration, it is held with templates.
If after sawing the surface of the board becomes curved and takes on the shape of an impeller, it is necessary to set up the jointer and re-check the level of the plates and the knife shaft.
Wood dust can be removed with an industrial vacuum cleaner pre-installed on the equipment.
Setting rules
It is best to place parts 1–1.5 m long on the machine for further processing. If the workpiece is shorter, it may slip out from under the knife and injure the operator. Lumber that is too long is inconvenient to plan. Before starting work, you need to determine the thickness of the wood layer to be removed. In the case of equipment equipped with automatic feed, it is necessary to set the speed.
The thickness of the layer to be removed is determined by eye or after trial planing. If, after the completed sawing cycle, untouched areas are noticeable, the table needs to be lowered a little. If the error is more than 2.5 mm, two cutting cycles are performed. After setting the height, the distance between the edges of the knives and the plates is measured. The optimal gap is 2–3 mm. If the parameters are exceeded, the wood will tear into pieces; with a gap of up to 2 mm, the cutter will be deformed.
It is also necessary to determine the location of the guide rail. The distance between it and the left edge of the knife shaft should exceed the width of the bar. If the knife becomes dull, the ruler will move in right side, engaging all segments of the cutter. To make an angular chamfer on the edge, the guide is mounted using a square.
The correctness of adjustment of devices and mechanisms is determined experimentally. In this case, the maximum permissible errors are taken into account (plane - 0.15 mm per 1 m, perpendicular - 0.1 mm per 10 cm).
Models
When choosing equipment, you need to take into account the size of the workpiece and the volume of work performed. If you plan to process small bars, you can purchase a compact model with a power of 4 kW. For large lumber, you will need a larger unit with a high-performance engine.
- Joining machines "Kraton"
Model Kraton WMPT-260 (39,300 rubles) performs jointing and thicknessing, has a power of 1500 W, is compact, and is equipped with automatic feeding of workpieces.
- Jointer JET
Combined machines JET JPT-10B (34,000 rubles) with a power of 1.5 kW are distinguished by their small dimensions and the ability to extend the working surface.
JET JPT-310 machines (80,000 rubles) have a power of 5 kW and are distinguished by double motor insulation. It is possible to connect a vacuum cleaner.
The JET Jointer 6’’ jointing machine (193,000 rubles) with a capacity of 3.5 kW is equipped with a shaft with 48 knives. This is equipment for jointing and thicknessing.
- SF-4 machines
The single-sided jointing unit SF-4 (179,000 rubles) has a two-knife round shaft that makes 5000 rpm. The machine is equipped with a three-phase squirrel-cage asynchronous electric motor.
- Holzstar ADH 305 machine
Planer-thicknesser unit desktop type, with a power of 1.8 kW, is equipped with two knives and a rubber-coated output shaft. The average price is 44,900 rubles.
- Brand Corvette
Series 106 (29,960 rubles) with a power of 1.5 kW is equipped with special pushers and a shaft with three knives.
The Enkor Corvette-24 sample (18,130 rubles) has a power of 1.25 kW and allows you to quickly switch planing from thicknessing to jointing mode.
- Machines MB5026
The single-sided model MB5026 (54,900 rubles) made in China is equipped with a shaft with three cutters and has a power of 3 kW.
- Brand Scheppach
Planer-thicknesser machines Scheppach HT-1050 (23,000 rubles) with a power of 1.5 kW and a productivity of 9000 rpm demonstrate reliable operation and clean processing of lumber.
The Scheppach HT-850 sample (17,000 rubles) of combined action with a 1.25 kW motor is compact and allows for a smooth surface of the workpiece.
The HT-650 jointer (18,020 rubles) is equipped with a 1.28 kW engine, has a mobile design, and provides for manual feeding of lumber.
| Manufacturer | Model | Power, W | Average price, rub |
| Kraton | WMPT-260 | 1500 | 39 300 |
| JET | JPT-10B | 1500 | 34 000 |
| JPT-310 | 5000 | 80 000 | |
| Jointer 6'' | 3500 | 193 000 | |
| Kurgan woodworking machinery plant | SF-4 | 2800 | 179 000 |
| Holzstar | ADH 305 | 1800 | 44 900 |
| Corvette | 106 | 1500 | 29 960 |
| Enkor Corvette-24 | 1250 | 18 130 | |
| — | MB5026 | 3000 | 54 900 |
| Scheppach | HT-1050 | 1500 | 23 000 |
| HT-850 | 1250 | 17 000 | |
| HT-650 | 1280 | 18 020 | |
| Makita | 2012NB | 1650 | 41 000 |
| DeWalt | D27300 | 1600 | 78 900 |
The price of Makita and DeWalt machines depends on the type of device and its configuration. The Makita 2012NB planer-thicknesser has a power of 1.65 kW, the price is about 41,000 rubles. The DeWalt D27300 machine with a power of 1600 W costs 78,900 rubles.
Video review of the Enkor Corvette-24 jointer.
