1. Reach the handle
In Ancient Russia, rolls were baked in the shape of a castle with a round bow. The townspeople often bought rolls and ate them right on the street, holding this bow or handle. For reasons of hygiene, the pen itself was not consumed, but given to the beggars or thrown to be eaten by dogs. According to one of the versions, about those who did not disdain to eat it, they said: got to the handle. And today the expression "to reach the pen" means to completely sink, to lose a human appearance.
2. Bosom friend
The ancient expression "pour over the Adam's apple" meant "to get drunk", "to drink alcohol." Hence the phraseological unit "bosom friend" was formed, which is used today to denote a very close friend.
3. Pour in on the first number
In the old days, schoolchildren were often flogged, often without any fault of the person being punished. If the mentor showed special zeal, and the disciple was hit especially hard, he could be freed from further vice in the current month, until the first day of the next month. This is how the expression "pour in the first number" arose.
4. Get screwed
Prosak used to be the name of a special machine for weaving ropes and cords. It had a complex structure and twisted the strands so strongly that getting clothes, hair, beard into it could cost a person his life. It was from such cases that the expression "get into a mess" came from, which today means being in an awkward position.
5. The last Chinese warning
In the 1950s and 1960s, American aircraft frequently violated Chinese airspace for reconnaissance purposes. The Chinese authorities recorded every violation and each time sent a "warning" to the United States through diplomatic channels, although no real action was followed, and hundreds of such warnings were counted. This policy has led to the emergence of the expression "last Chinese warning", meaning threats without consequences.
6. Hang the dogs
When a person is blamed, accused of something, you can hear the expression: "They hang dogs on him." At first glance, this phrase is completely illogical. However, it is not connected with an animal at all, but with another meaning of the word "dog" - burdock, thorn - now almost unused.
7. Silently
The word sape in French means "hoe". In the 16-19 centuries, the term "glanders" was used to denote a method of opening a trench, ditch or tunnel to approach the fortifications. Gunpowder bombs were sometimes placed in the trenches to the walls of castles, and specialists trained to do this were called sappers. And from the secretive digging of tunnels came the expression "sly glanders", which today is used to denote cautious and inconspicuous actions.
8. Big shot
The most experienced and strongest barge haule, walking in the strap first, was called a bump. This has morphed into the term "big shot" to refer to an important person.
9. Case burned out
Previously, if a court case disappeared, then the person could not be legally charged. Cases often burned out: either from a fire in wooden court buildings, or from deliberate arson in exchange for a bribe. In such cases, the accused said: "The case is burned out." Today this expression is used when we talk about the successful completion of a major undertaking.
10. Leave in English
When someone leaves without saying goodbye, we use the expression “left in English”. Although in the original this idiom was invented by the British themselves, but it sounded like "to take French leave". It appeared during the Seven Years War in the 18th century in a mockery of the French soldiers who voluntarily left the location of the unit. Then the French copied this expression, but in relation to the British, and in this form it was fixed in the Russian language.
11. Blue blood
The Spanish royal family and nobility were proud that, unlike the common people, they trace their ancestry to the West Goths and never mixed with the Moors who penetrated into Spain from Africa. Unlike the dark-skinned commoners, the upper class had blue veins on their pale skin, and so they called themselves sangre azul, which means blue blood. Hence, this expression to denote aristocracy penetrated into many European languages, including Russian.
12. And a no brainer
The source of the expression “And a no-brainer” is a poem by Mayakovsky (“It's clear even a hedgehog - / This Petya was a bourgeois”). It became widespread, first in the Strugatskys' story "The Land of Crimson Clouds", and then in Soviet boarding schools for gifted children. They recruited adolescents who had two years left to study (grades A, B, C, D, E) or one year (grades E, F, I). The students of the one-year stream were called “hedgehogs”. When they came to the boarding school, biennial students were already ahead of them in a non-standard program, so at the beginning of the school year the expression “no brainer” was very relevant.
13. To wash the bones
The Orthodox Greeks, as well as some Slavic peoples, had a custom of secondary burial - the bones of the deceased were seized, washed with water and wine and put back. If the corpse was found not rotted and swollen, this meant that during his lifetime the person was a sinner and the curse lies on him - to leave the grave at night in the form of a ghoul, vampire, ghoul and destroy people. Thus, the rite of washing the bones was needed to make sure that there was no such spell.
14. The highlight of the program
The opening of the nail-like Eiffel Tower was timed to coincide with the 1889 World's Fair in Paris, which caused a sensation. Since then, the expression "the nail of the program" has entered the language.
15. Do not wash, do it by rolling
In the old days, village women, after washing, “rolled” the linen with a special rolling pin. Well-rolled laundry turned out to be wrung out, ironed and clean, even if the wash was not very good.
(Collection of aphorisms and winged words for the course of history 5-11 grades)
Novoselova E. Ya.
history teacher and
social studies.
qualifying
Introduction. In the world of wise thoughts - winged words.
Section 1 History in epigraphs and catchphrases
1 History - epigraphs
2. The history of Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the XX century in winged terms.
The history of Russia from the earliest times of the century in winged words and expressions
3. History of the XX century in winged terms.
4. History of Ancient Greece in winged terms.
5. The history of Ancient Rome in winged terms.
6. The history of modern times in winged terms.
Applications:
Competition 1. "Objects and Winged Expressions"
Competition 2 "Zoo in the Ancient World".
Competition 3 "Unusual Names".
Competition 4. "Choose expressions. Associations "
Competition 5 "Unusual nicknames".
Competition 6 "Unusual Names".
In the world of wise thoughts - Winged words.
"I appreciate all kinds of short sayings."
I. Goethe - German poet
Winged words - their names go back to ancient history, to Homer, in whose poems (The Iliad and The Odyssey) they are encountered many times (“he uttered a winged word”, “quietly exchanged winged words among themselves”). Homer called the words "winged" because from the mouth of the speaker they seem to fly into the ear of the listener.
Today, winged words are called short words (eureka), quotes (“I think, therefore, I exist”), figurative expressions (“I’m going to you”), sayings of historical persons (“Cross the Rubicon), mythological names (Cerberus )
and literary characters (Mitrofanushka), which have become common nouns (for example, Maecenas), figurative condensed characteristics of historical figures (for example, "the father of Russian history"). The stock of winged words and sayings is very large.
Winged words and sayings are great wealth, but you need to skillfully use this verbal wealth.
The collection contains only those of them that are most often found in the General History and the history of Russia, have the widest circulation.
There are materials on historical periods: the history of the Ancient World, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, the history of the Middle Ages, Modern and recent history and history of Russia, which is most convenient for the teacher to study and use both in the classroom and in extracurricular activities. The application of the collection includes contests on various topics using winged words and expressions
Story
1. "Always honor the traces of the past." Statius Caecilius, ancient Roman historian
2. "The roots of history go to the future." L. S. Sukhorukov, Russian writer
3. "History teaches nothing, but only punishes for ignorance of the lessons."
V.O. Klyuchevsky, Russian historian.
4. "Knowledge, not born of experience, the mother of all certainty, is fruitless and full of mistakes." Leonardo da Vinci, Italian painter.
5. "The past is easier to blame than to correct." Titus Livy, ancient Roman historian.
6. “If you want to see what happened a thousand years ago, delve into the present;
if you want to know a huge number of things, start with one or two.
Xun-Tzu, Chinese sage.
7. “The past is not perfect, but it is pointless to reproach it,
but it is necessary to study. " A. M. Gorky, Russian writer.
8. "History is exclusively the process of humanizing humanity" -
L. Feirbach, German philosopher.
9. "Only a person who is completely undeveloped mentally can dislike history."
N. G. Chernyshevsky, Russian writer.
10. The native land becomes even closer and dearer when you know its history. "
M. I. Kalinin, Soviet politician
11. “To be proud of the glory of your ancestors is not only possible, but also must; not to respect it is shameful cowardice. "- A. Pushkin, Russian poet and writer
12. "Respect for the past is the trait that distinguishes an educated person from savagery." - A. Pushkin, Russian poet and writer
13. "One must know the past in order to understand the present and foresee the future." -
V.G.Belinsky, Russian writer and public figure
14. “A nation dies when it becomes a population. And he becomes a population when he forgets his history. " F Abramov, Soviet writer.
15. "To know history means to be a good master and defender of your state."
L. N. Tolstoy, Russian writer.
16. "The people are bad who do not value and do not love their history."
V.M. Vasnetsov, Russian artist.
17. "To know history in the strict sense of the word is to know everything." S. I. Taneev.
18. "History is a witness of centuries, a torch of truth, a soul of memory, a teacher of life."
Cicero, ancient Roman orator.
19. “When Don Quixotes are gone, let the history book close!
20. "Patriotism should not blind us: love for the Fatherland is the action of a clear mind, and not blind passion." N.M. Karamzin, Russian historian.
21. "Not a single nation in the world is gifted with any ability predominantly in front of others." G. Lessing, German philosopher.
22. “The legitimate degree of popular pride in their history ... must be deeply distinguished
from arrogant self-adoration. DI Mendeleev, Russian scientist - chemist.
23. “From Ivan the Terrible to Boris Yeltsin, there is a commonality in the main:
social irresponsibility, political and legal lack of control of the authorities.
The people are still viewed as a fiefdom for arbitrariness. " Anonymous
24. "The one who, turning to the old, is able to discover the new, is worthy to be a teacher." Confucius is a Chinese sage.
« Story in a sense, there is a sacred book of peoples: the main, necessary; a mirror of their being and activity; a tablet of revelations and rules; the testament of ancestors to posterity ... an explanation of the present and an example of the future "- Nikolai Karamzin.
The history of Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century in winged expressions
№ p / p
Topic of section, chapter, lesson.
Epigraphs
Introduction.
“Respect for the past is the trait that distinguishes an educated person from savagery.” - A. Pushkin.
The oldest humanity.
“Let the ancestor lived a half-beast life, but we value his legacy. He did not know how to mold a pot of clay, he was afraid of the spirits invented by him. "- V. Berestov.
The first farmers and pastoralists.
“Labor is the source of all wealth” - F. Engels.
“The powers of iron by sweat and copper were discovered, little by little then swords made of iron prevailed, but the sight of a sickle made of copper became an object of ridicule, they began to use iron, and then to cultivate the soil.” - Lucretius Carus.
Slave society
"The archaeologists, rejoicing, discover this layer, the temple, the palace, and the workshop between ash and ash." -
V. Berestov.
Slave society crisis
People lived here, and their house stood ... ..
Here the city was, cheerful and rich …….
Bend over him, look at these stones, and you will understand how great a man is ... - B. Ryabichkin.
Feudal states.
"A person's dignity is determined only by his actions" - proverb
Culture of the Middle Ages.
“The colonnade is shining like an immortal sun.
Its gates lead to the blissful world. ”- And Bunin
Ancient Russia.
“Glory to our side! Glory to our old times!
And we must not forget the traditions of antiquity "-
N. Konchalovskaya.
"Where did the Russian land come from?"
“In a narrow monastery cell, within four blank walls, a monk wrote about the land, about the Old Russian story. He wrote in winter and summer. He wrote from year to year, about our great people. ”- N. Konchalovskaya.
Kievan Rus
"Kievan Rus was a grain from which an ear grew, which numbered several new grains of the principalities." - B. Rybakov.
Velikiy Novgorod
“Old and eternally new, the city rises above the river.” - S. Narovchatov.
Men are fighting.
Fight against the Polovtsians.
“The brother said to his brother: this is mine, and this is mine too!
And the princes began to argue about the small, as if about the great, and forge sedition against themselves "-
“Brothers and retinue! Better to be killed than full. I want to break a spear on the edge of the Polovtsian steppe ... "" A Word about Igor's Regiment "
Old Russian culture - Architecture
“Oh, the bright and beautifully decorated Russian land! You are glorified by many beauties. You are filled with everything, Russian land ...
"A word about the destruction of the Russian land."
Old Russian culture
Literature
“Tombs, mummies and bones are silent, - Only the word is given life: From the ancient darkness, on the world churchyard, only Letters sound” - I. Bunin.
“What you can do, don’t forget the good, and what you don’t know how, learn that” -
"The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh"
"If you look for wisdom in the books, you will find great benefit to your soul." - From the chronicle.
Russia and Mongol Tatars.
“The Mongol-Tatars swept over Russia like a cloud of locusts, like a hurricane crushing everything that came in its path. They ravaged cities, burned villages, plundered. It was during that ill-fated time, which lasted about two centuries, that Russia allowed itself to be overtaken by Europe. " - A. I. Herzen.
Russia and the Crusaders.
"And the enemies turned to flight, and killed them, chasing them, as if through the air, and there was nowhere for them to run away ..." "The Simeon Chronicle.
Battle of Kulikovo.
Rise of Moscow
"There was such a great groan, there was a battle with such blood that the Don was painted crimson to the very bottom" -
N. Konchalovskaya
"Those who have not been to Moscow have never seen the beauty." - Folk proverb
Time of Troubles
"A good monument was erected to the two heroes by the whole country as a sign that the native land was delivered from dishonor." - N. Konchalovskaya.
The enslavement of the peasants.
"A serf peasant plows the land for the owners, the owner has a lot of them: two hundred, three hundred, eight hundred ... He watches them strictly, as he keeps track of cattle." -
N. Konchalovskaya
Autocracy
"Royal favors are sown in the boyar sieve"
Folk proverb
Popular uprisings
"In Russia, not all crucians - there are ruffs."
Folk proverb.
Peasant War of the 17th century.
“But the glow of the Russian freedom flared up around - against the power of the sovereign city suddenly revolted.
Razin's victorious glory across Russia has gone now ... ".
N. Konchalovskaya.
Peoples of Siberia
"From century to century, from century to century, a strong Russian man walked uncontrollably to the far North and East, like a stream," - an old song.
The era of Peter the Great.
"No nation has ever existed and could not exist in such a remote position from the sea, in which the state of Peter the Great was originally located." - K. Marx.
Base
Saint Petersburg
"I love you Peter's creation ..." - A. Pushkin
Battle of Poltava
"And the battle broke out - the Battle of Poltava." - A. Pushkin
Results of the Northern War
"Russia has become the dominant maritime power in the Baltic Sea." - K. Marx.
Serfdom.
"Baram velvet and lace, but our brother is neither shoes, nor clothed, nor is it hurt by a spoon."
"The master lives well with peasant calluses."
"The lordly chambers are red, but the peasants have huts on their side." - Folk proverbs.
Peasant War of the 18th century.
“A peasant and a naked man, but he has a stake in his hand; there is hope - that there will be clothes. " “Volosts are not getting up for good.” Folk proverb.
Russian-Turkish wars
"Courage is the sister of victory."
"They fight not with strength, but with skill." "He who is brave and staunch, is worth ten." - Folk sayings.
Russian foreign policy at the end of the 18th century
"We are immortal forever, giants of Russia, brought up in battles amidst bad weather."
Achievements of Russian military art.
"I ask my offspring to take my example ... to be faithful to the exhaustion ... to the Fatherland."
“It's hard to learn - easy to fight!
More sweat in learning, less blood in battle. "
“Every warrior must understand his own maneuver.
They fight not by number, but by skill. " -
A. V. Suvorov from the book "The Science of Winning"
Struggle against serfdom and autocracy
"Greedy beasts! The drinkers are insatiable! What do we leave to the peasant? What we cannot take away is air. ”- AN Radishchev.
"The rebel is worse than Pugachev." - Catherine II.
"Following Radishchev I glorified freedom" -
A.S. Pushkin.
Age of Enlightenment
“Oh, unforgettable century! You grant truth, freedom, and light to joyful mortals. ”- AN Radishchev.
“There is no other nation in the world that would become so outstanding in all areas in such a short time.” - Voltaire.
Culture of Russia in the 18th century
“Where did beauty come from in everyday life, in carving, lace, embroidery, song, dance, painting? Yes, from the soul of a Russian man, where else did it come from. " - V. Soloukhin.
The era of Alexander I
“Raised under a drum, our tsar was a dashing captain: he fled near Austerlitz, trembled in the twelfth year” - A. Pushkin
The era of Nicholas I
He reigned little, but he did a lot: he sent one hundred twenty-five to Siberia and hanged five "-
A. S. Pushkin
My friend, we will devote our souls to the Fatherland with wonderful impulses! A. Pushkin.
19th century is the Golden Age of Russian culture.
Our children and grandchildren will not even be able to imagine the Russia in which we once (that is, yesterday) lived, which we did not value, did not understand - all the power, complexity, wealth, happiness ... I. Bunin. "Cursed days"
20th century - "The Silver Age of Russian Culture
Twentieth Century…
Promises us, inflating veins,
Everything, destroying the frontiers, unheard of changes,
Unprecedented riots. - A Block
The history of Russia since ancient times in winged words and expressions.
Backlash beat
Know by mouth.
Betrayed without flattery
Not every bast to string
To beat with a forehead
Without further ado
For the whole Ivanovskaya
Let's not put the Russian land to shame
Free Cossack
Our ancestors saved Rome
Issue with your head
No one will embrace the immensity
On the back burner
Down the sleeves
Business is time, and fun is an hour
One swallow does not make spring
Domostroy
An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth
I go to you
From the board to the board.
Nick down
Fully
Leavened patriotism
Stream and plunder
Young lady
Oh, you are heavy Monomakh's hat !
Sharpen the lyas
Winners are not judged
Mamaevo massacre
Put on the back burner
Disservice
Get into bondage
The dead have no shame
After the rain on Thursday
We plowed
Potemkin villages
Ride on blacks
Nailed to the pillory
For the whole Ivanovskaya
Between the devil and the deep sea.
For a long ride
The delay of death is like
It is written on my forehead
Red line
Everything is calm on Shipka
Go all bad
Saddle bag
Thought spread over the tree
Gibberish letter-gibberish
Stand to the death
Pip your tongue
Wall to be ashamed
To drag and not to let go
To drag chestnuts out of the fire
Silently
Trishkin caftan
Tarusa on wheels
Mind chamber
Get away with your nose
Walk gogol
The Road to Calvary
Even though the eye sees, but the tooth doesn’t
In an hour, a teaspoon
So that it was discouraging ahead
So as not to tease the geese.
Chur, me! Chur, me!
Shemyakin court
Inside out
We make noise, brother, we make noise!
St. George's Day. Here's your grandmother, and St. George's Day
General history of grades 5-8 in winged terms.
Everything in the world is afraid of time, and time is afraid of pyramids.
Arabic proverb
№p / p
№p / p
Annibal's oath
Hit, but listen!
Throw down the glove
Prodigal son
Donquixotism
Tempest in a glass
If the mountain does not go to Mohammed, then Mohammed goes to the mountain
Fall into tartarars
Gimp pull.
Babel
Cannibal manners
Valaam's donkey
Spears to break
Belshazzar's Feast
Crusade
The eighth wonder of the world
Flying Dutchman
A pair of every creature
Puppets
Bean guessing
Knight of the Sorrowful Image
Holy simplicity
Sword of Damocles
Blue stocking
Solomon solution
Blue bird
Bury the talent in the ground
Deadly sin
Finest hour
The seven deadly sins
Stars of the first magnitude
Three whales. Three elephants.
There are lees to every wine
Thousand and One Nights
Jericho Trumpets
Peace pipe
Judas. (Traitor, kiss of Judas)
Cain. Cain's seal
Fig leaf
Caliph (Caliph) for an hour
doubting Thomas
Scapegoat
Colossus with feet of clay
Chameleon
Rich as Croesus
Grab stars from the sky
Manna from heaven
Knight's move
Guiding star
El Dorado
Fifth column
I think therefore
I exist
Disassemble by the bones
Newton's apple
Gardens of Babylon
Vanity Fair
Sesame, open up
Hit, but listen!
Garden and Gomorrah
Prodigal son
History of Ancient Greecev catch phrases
Augean stables
Palm tree
Argonauts
Panic fear
Ariadne's thread
Homeric laughter
Achilles' heel
Danaid barrel
Under the auspices of
I carry all my things with me
Dance to someone else's tune
Carve the sea
Plato is a friend, but the truth is dearer
Pillars of Hercules (works)
Know yourself
Glory of Herostratus
Get into the maze
Hydra hundred-headed
Promethean fire
Penelope's work
Gordian knot. Cut the Gordian knot
Cornucopia
Give me a foothold and I'll turn the earth!
Hand of Nemesis
Greek gift. Trojan horse.
Dress up in other people's feathers
Draconic measures (laws)
Gardens of Artemis
Elena the beautiful
Sardonic laugh
The riddle of the Sphinx
Seven wonders of the world
Golden age
Burn your ships
Make an elephant out of a fly
Sisyphean labor
Icarus. Flight of Icarus
With a shield or on a shield
Sink into oblivion
Crocodile tears
Vulnerability
Smoke incense
Laurels to reap
Lantern of Diogenes
Laconicism
a swan song
Between Scylla and Charybdis
Tantalum flour
Q.E.D
On the seventh sky
Narcism
Aesopian language
Not one iota
All I know is that I know nothing
Olympian calm
Apple of discord
Pandora's Box
History of Ancient Romev catch phrases
Augurs. Augur Smile
With fire and sword
White crow
To deprive of fire and water
The eternal City
Suck with mother's milk
Cross the Rubicon
The mountain gave birth to a mouse
Pyrrhic victory
Two-faced Janus
Raise to the shield
Before the Greek calendars
Poetic license
If you want peace, prepare for war.
Dress up in a toga
Die is cast
Wash your hands
Caesar's wife must be above suspicion
Fortune. Wheel of Fortune
Golden mean
And you Brute!
Meal'n'Real
Drop hollows the stone
Carthage must be destroyed!
Lucullean banquet
I am a human being, and nothing human is alien to me.
Better to be the first in the village
than the second in the city.
White crow
Geese saved Rome
Woe to the vanquished
All roads lead to Rome
The history of modern times in winged terms.
P / p No.
New history - grade 7
New history - grade 8
Man is the highest value on earth
1. One hundred days. Great army.
Paris is worth mass
2.Little Corsican
Invincible armada
3 Napoleon's sun
St. Bartholomew's night
4 triumphal arch
Sheep ate people
Freedom, equality, brotherhood, happiness!
6. Iron and blood.
Glorious revolution
7 big uncle's little nephew
The state is me!
8. Redshirts.
Thousand Garibaldians
Eastern wisdom.
9. Proletarians of all countries, unite!
Eastern sweets
10 Victorian era
New World
11 Loygeorgism
Two Americas
12. Iron Chancellor
Age of Enlightenment
13. Congress is cheaper than revolution.
Renaissance
14 the king of steel The king of electricity.
Middle state
15. Dancing Congress.
"And yet it turns!"
16. Live - working, or die fighting!
Boston tea party
17. Union of three emperors.
Enlightened absolutism
18.Exceptional Law
Fatal hard times
19. Bloody week. Commune Council.
Founding fathers
20. The king is a banker.
Westphalian system
21. State of War
Land of the Rising Sun
22. The proletariat is the gravedigger of the bourgeoisie.
England is the world's cab.
23.Sacred Union.
England is the world banker.
24. Big uncle's little nephew.
England is the workshop of the world.
25. "And the king is naked!"
Pearl of the British Crown
26 Battle of the Nations
1. History of the XX century in winged terms.
P / p No.
Russian history
General history
Bloody resurrection
1) heartfelt consent
Khodynskaya tragedy.
2.The dream factory. Great dumb.
Zubatov socialism
3 verdun meat grinder
June third monarchy
4 Nevel's massacre
Polusakhalinsky
5 the Versailles-Washington system
Duma monarchy
6 the Versailles world
Black redistribution
7 the American dream
Stolypin wagons
8 dry law.
Stolypin tie
9 beer coup
silver Age
10. New course.
Diaghilev seasons
11 People's Front
Miriskusniki
12. Fascism is war.
Illusion
13 Movement of disobedience.
Brusilov breakthrough
14.Three People's Principles
Ministerial leapfrog
15. Gandhism.
Non-Aligned Movement.
Somersault - board
16 Berlin - Rome - Tokyo.
Devilry. Holy devil
17 Munich Agreement
Lenin Guard
18 the sedentary or strange war
Autocracy without an autocrat
19.Third Reich.
April theses
20. Sea lion.
Kornilov revolt.
21 Barbarossa. Ost.
Peace to the peoples! Land for the peasants!
Factory workers! Power to the Soviets!
22 non-aggression pact
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Peace of Brest.
23.Rootal fracture.
White terror. Red terror.
24. The Big Three.
He who does not work, let him not eat.
25 Second Front
White Guard. Black Baron.
26 Fulton speech
Budenovka.
27. Cold War.
Proletarians, unite of all countries!
28. Japanese spirit, European education
Cadres are everything.
29. Iron Curtain
Great turning point
30 political pendulum
Five years at four
31. The third way.
Stakhanov movement
32. Countries of the third world.
Dizzy with success
33. Countries of the first, second echelon
Cult of personality
The country of victorious socialism.
35 Beer Hall Putsch
2. History of the XX century in winged terms.
P / p No.
History of the Second World War.
History of the Great Patriotic War
General history. Russian history
2nd floor 20th century
Barbarossa. Ost.
1. The apogee of Stalinism
Our cause is right. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!
2. Thaw. Virgin land
Radical fracture
3.Khrushchev
4. Cold War.
Kursk Bulge. Fiery arc
5 iron curtain
Volga stronghold. Fortress on the Volga
6 the Fulton speech
House of Yakov Pavlov
7. Third world. Third World countries
Panfilov
8. Personnel revolution.
"Russia is great, behind Moscow there is nowhere to retreat!"
9.Discharge Policy
"There is no land for us beyond the Volga."
10 stagnation.
Motherland Mother - calls!
11 strategy of acceleration
The road of life
12.Rebuilding
Eastern shaft.
Second front
14. Dialectics of New Thinking
The Big Three.
15 the Caribbean crisis
Ten Stalinist blows
Meeting on the Elbe.
17 White House.
For the Motherland! To the west!
18.Black Tuesday
Victory parade
19. Liberalization of prices.
Marshal of victory.
21. Space age.
Typhoon. Uranus. Ring. Spark.
22.Policy of peaceful coexistence
Bagration. Citadel
23. West. East.
Hero City. City of Military Glory
24 The Berlin Wall
Small land
25 economic miracle
26. Green Revolution.
"A medal for a battle, a medal for labor is poured from one metal."
27 Velvet Revolution
Front - rear
28. Countries of the first, second echelon
Big land.
29 political pendulum
Applications
Competition 1. Subjects and Winged Expressions.
Thing. Image
Idioms
Casket
Put on the back burner.
Pandora's Box
Apple of discord. Apple of knowledge
Newton's apple
Glove
Throw down the glove
With a shield or on a shield. Raise to the shield.
In the bag
Sword of Damocles.
Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword
Breaking spears.
Clothing sleeves
Through the sleeves.
Gordian knot
Trojan horse
Raise the visor.
Open visor
Competition 2 "Zoo in the Ancient World".
"Animal"
Historical Zoo
Geese saved Rome
Capitoline wolf
Cerberus - Cerberus
Trojan horse
The Golden Fleece
Tragedy is the song of the goats
Cretan bull
Nemean lion
Lernean Hydra
Sacred animal in India
Sacred animal in Egypt
Competition 3 "Unusual Names".
"Unusual names"
Historical figure
Father of history
Herodotus (490-424 BC) Ancient Greek scientist historian
Incorruptible
Maximilian Robespierre (1758-1794)
King-Sun
Louis XIV, King of France (1638-1715)
Scary blind man
Jan ižka leader of the Taborites in the Hussite Wars (1360-1424)
Furious Vissarion
Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky (1811-1848),
Russian revolutionary-democrat, writer
Iron Felix
Felix Edmundovich Belinsky (1877-1926),
Revolutionary. Chairman of the Cheka
Iron chancellor
Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)
First Chancellor of Germany
Velvet Chancellor
Gorchakov Alexander Mikhailovich (1798-1883)
Foreign Minister, diplomat
State Chancellor
World spider
Louis XI (1423-1483) King of France
Money bag
Ivan Kalita (1325-1340) Moscow prince
Friend of the people
Jean Paul Marat (1743-1793)
French revolutionary, Jacobin, publisher of the newspaper "Friend of the People"
Competition 4. Choose expressions. Associations "
"Expression"
Associations
Expression meaning easy work
"Beat your thumbs up". "Sharpen the fringes."
"Play Spillikins".
"Working carelessly." "Wander around."
Expression for slow work
"To pull the red tape." "Pull the gimmick."
An expression that means harsh criticism
"Razovomoyka". "Lather your head."
"Ask a bath"
Expression denoting impartial judgment
"Court of Themis". "Regardless of faces"
An expression meaning to postpone a case for a long time.
"Put it back on the back burner."
"To be shelved." "Until the second coming"
An expression meaning to recognize a person
"The bird is visible in flight."
"A lion is recognized by its bones"
An expression meaning a loud cry, noise.
"To sound the alarm." "Shout to the whole Ivanovskaya".
Ring all the bells.
Expression meaning delight.
"Get to the seventh heaven." "Float in the clouds."
"Be in seventh heaven."
An expression meaning endless suffering
"Tantalum flour". "Promethean torment".
An expression meaning ridicule
"Glory of Herostratus". Become the talk of the town
An expression meaning to start over
"From A to Z". "From alpha to omega".
"Fully".
An expression meaning
way out of a difficult situation
"Cut the Gordian knot".
"Solomon's solution"
An expression meaning
pointless work
"Sisyphean Labor". "Penelope's Cloth".
"To invent a perpetuum mobile."
"Barrel Danaid"
An expression meaning
praise too much
"Sing praises". "Smoking incense."
"Eulogize". Stump Hallelujah.
"Sing akathist"
Expression calling for vigilance
"Beware of the Trojan Horse"
"Fear the Danes who bring gifts"
An expression meaning
wait long, postpone indefinitely
"Put it back on the back burner."
"To be shelved." "Until the second coming."
"Before the Greek calendars." "After the rain on Thursday"
An expression meaning to take a plunge.
"Cross the Rubicon". Die is cast".
"Burn the ships." "Burn the bridges"
An expression meaning to create the impression of something that does not exist.
"Potemkin villages", "Rub glasses".
Competition 5 "Unusual nicknames".
"Unusual nicknames"
Historical figure - the ruler of Russia, Russia.
Bloody
Nicholas II (1894-1917)
Liberator
Alexander II (1855-1881)
Nicholas I (1825-1855)
Peacemaker
Alexander III (1881-1894)
Blessed
Alexander I (1801-1825)
Oleg I (882-912)
Macedonian Eastern Europe
Svyatoslav I (962-972)
Baptist
Vladimir I (980-1015)
Yaroslav (1019-1054)
Vladimir II (1113-1125)
The quietest
Alexey Mikhailovich (1645-1676)
Competition 6 "Unusual Names".
"Unusual names"
Names. Events
Father of horror
The Great Sphinx, which inspired fear in the desert.
St. Bartholomew's night
Event of 1572 in Paris, death of Protestants
Boston tea party
Event of 1773 in the North American colonies
War of the Scarlet and White Rose
Feudal wars in England, between York and Lancaster.
Standing on the Eel
Battle of 1480 between Ivan III and Akhmat.
Rus and Horde
Bloody resurrection
Khodynskaya tragedy
The death of people during the coronation of Nicholas II
Stolypin tie
The name of the gallows at the beginning of the 20th century
Land of the Rising Sun
Name of Japan
The road of life
Road on the ice of Lake Ladoga during the Great Patriotic War
silver Age
The era of the development of culture at the beginning of the 20th century in Russia
Custom search
Speaking in literary language, a catch phrase (phrase) is a stable phraseological unit that appeared from any literary sources (for example: the phrase "Appetite comes with eating" belongs to the French writer Francois Rabelais (c. 1494 - 1553), who first used her in the novel "Gargantua", part 1, chapter 5.). Or the source of the emergence of winged expressions is any historical events, phrases of famous historical figures, if these words are very expressive and memorable, then they receive the status of a winged expression (for example: the exclamation "Japanese policeman!" Appeared at the end of the 19th century after the case that happened to Tsarevich Nicholas - the future Tsar Nicholas II during his trip to Japan.In the Japanese town of Otsu, a local policeman, outraged by the fact that the Europeans were having fun too loudly, rushed at the Tsarevich and struck him with a saber sheath on the head.) Many catch phrases have long been lost direct connection with the source and adapted to modernity, changing their meaning. Therefore, having learned the origin and original meaning of this or that winged expression, one can be very surprised (for example: the word "skater" appeared in Russian after the war of 1812, and came from "sher a mi" (in French - "dear friend") ). The modern meaning of this word, as you understand, is very far from the original.To view the history of the "catch" phrase or expression, click on it. To close the history of the phrase, click on it again.
A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation.
Ilya Ilf., "The Golden Calf" (phrase of a beardless man)
Appetite comes with eating.
Expression from the novel by Francois Rabelais (c. 1494 - 1553) "Gargantua", part 1, chapter 5
White crow.
This expression, as a designation of a rare, exceptional person, is given in the 7th satire of the Roman poet Juvenal (middle 1st century - after 127 AD): "Fate gives kingdoms to slaves, delivers triumphs to captives. crows happen. "
Beat your thumbs.
For a long time, artisans have made spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To cut out a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a piece of wood from the log - a thumbs-up. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing thumbs: it was an easy, trifling matter that did not require special skill. Cooking such chocks was called "beat the thumbs." Hence, from the mockery of the craftsmen at the auxiliary workers - "baklushechniki", this expression went
Be alert.
In ancient times, this expression was written separately and through "and": on chiku. In Russian dialects, the meaning of the word chik is fight, pushing or driving, vanity. That is, living on a chiku meant being on the high road, in a busy place. As a rule, this was said about inns at crossroads, from where one could expect good and unkind guests, bad and good events. Of course, in this situation one had to be on the alert - that is, ready for anything, including any unpleasant surprise. If you look even further into history, then you can find information about the original meaning of this expression - to be at the crossroads of forest paths in anticipation of the beast. In modern Russian, the phraseologism "to be on the alert" has not strayed too far from the original meaning - to be on the alert, on guard, to try not to be caught unawares.
The paper does not blush.
This phrase belongs to Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero)
Time heals everything.
The expression goes back to the "Confessions" of Augustine (354-430). Something similar to him is found already in antiquity, in the Greek writer Menander (c. 343 - c. 291 BC): "Time is the doctor of all inevitable evils."
Time is money.
An aphorism from the work of the American scientist and politician Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) "Advice to a Young Merchant" (1748). An expression similar in thought is already found in the Greek philosopher Theophrastus (c. 372-287 BC): "Time is an expensive waste."
Time is working for us.
In 1866 in England, in the House of Commons, under the influence of the growth of the labor movement, the liberal cabinet of Lord Russell put forward a draft electoral reform bill. During the debate, W. Gladstone (1809-1898), the future prime minister, defending the political rights of the workers, exclaimed, addressing the conservatives: "You cannot fight against the future. Time is working for us." The last phrase, which has become a winged phrase in Russian speech, is not a completely accurate translation. Gladstone's true words: "Time is on our side", that is, "Time is on our side."
All roads lead to Rome.
A medieval proverb that has entered our literary speech, probably from the fable of La Fontaine (1621-1695) "Arbitrator, brother of mercy and hermit".
It is written with a pitchfork on the water.
To contribute.
In ancient Greece, there was a small coin called mite. In the Gospel parable, the poor widow donates the last two mites for the construction of the temple. From the parable came the expression "to do your bit."
Lead by the nose.
Cheat by promising and not fulfilling the promise. This expression was associated with fairground entertainment. The gypsies used to lead the bears by a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, poor fellows, to do different tricks, deceiving with the promise of handouts.
Pour in at the first number.
In a pre-revolutionary school, students were flogged every week, regardless of who is right or who is wrong. And if the "mentor" overdoes it, then such a flogging was enough for a long time, until the first day of the next month.
Rub glasses.
We are not talking about glasses, which serve to correct vision. There is another meaning of the word "glasses": red and black signs on playing cards. There is even a gambling game of chance, the so-called "point". Since the existence of cards, there have been dishonest gamblers and cheaters in the world. They, in order to deceive a partner, indulged in all sorts of tricks. They were able, by the way, to imperceptibly "rub points" - to turn a seven into a six or a four into a five, on the move, during the game, pasting a "point" or covering it with a special white powder. And the expression "rubbing glasses" began to mean "cheating", hence other words were born: "eyewash", "eyewash" - a dodger who knows how to embellish his work, pass the bad off as very good.
Newspaper duck.
It turns out that the expression “newspaper duck” first appeared in Germany, at the end of the 17th century. It was there that under the newspaper articles, which contained sensational, but doubtful, not entirely reliable information, it was customary to put two letters: N. T. - the initial letters of the Latin words “non testatur”, which means “not verified”. This abbreviation is read, this abbreviation is "en-te". And in German “Ente” is a duck. By the way, more than a quarter of a century ago, a special bureau was established in the American city of Trenton to record works falling under the heading of "newspaper duck". This bureau even published a monthly in which the most sensational, extravagant journalistic ducks were reprinted ...
Galloping across Europe.
The aphorism "gallop across Europe" is A. Zharov's response to the reduction of the stay of a group of Soviet journalists in Austria and Czechoslovakia.
Where do crayfish hibernate?
Where do crayfish hibernate after all? Fishermen know: for the winter, they climb into the holes they dug in the underwater shores, under stones, sunken snags. Threateningly exposing their sharp fighting pincers outside, crayfish sleep like this until spring. Is this why we remember the wintering of crayfish, bearing in mind the difficulties that a person can get into? The place where they spend the winter is really very uncomfortable - both dark and cold.
Blue blood.
Why is it said about aristocrats that they have blue blood? The Spanish royal family and nobility were proud that, unlike the common people, they trace their ancestry to the West Goths and never mixed with the Moors who penetrated into Spain from Africa. Unlike the dark-skinned commoners, blue veins stood out on the pale skin of the upper class, and therefore they called themselves sangre azul, which means "blue blood". Hence, this expression to denote aristocracy penetrated into many European languages, including Russian.
Goal like a falcon.
In the bag.
In the old days, messengers who delivered mail sewed very important papers, or "cases" under the lining of a cap or hat, so as not to attract the attention of robbers. This is where the expression "trick is in the bag" comes from.
Get to the handle.
The phraseological expression "to reach the handle", meaning "to sink, to lose human form" was invented in Ancient Russia. Its origin is very interesting and is directly related to kalach. Kalach is a wheat bread baked in the shape of a lock with a round bow. The townspeople often ate rolls right on the street, holding this very round bow. For reasons of hygiene, the pen itself was not eaten, but given to beggars or dogs. About those who did not disdain to eat it, they said "got to the handle."
The point is tobacco.
In this case, we are talking about great depth. The barge haulers tied a tobacco pouch to their necks and when the water reached this level, they warned their comrades: "To the tobacco."
Long box.
Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a long box for petitions hung in the village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow.
Uncle Sam (Himself).
This is what the United States is called. There is an explanation that this name comes from a nickname that was given to a certain Samuel Wilson, originally from New York, who settled at the end of the 18th century. in the city of Troy, on the Hudson River; the locals called him "Uncle Sam" (according to another transcription - Sam). During the Second Anglo-American War (1812-1814), Wilson, who enjoyed great popularity, held the position of inspector of provisions in the army supply agencies. Wilson used the letters U.S. on the boxes of food sent to the army. i.e. United States-United States. The Americans decoded these letters as Uncle Sam - "Uncle Sam". However, the latest research denies this interpretation, as anecdotal.
If the mountain does not go to Mohammed, then Mohammed goes to the mountain
There are various explanations for the origin of this expression. It is believed, for example, that it goes back to one of the anecdotal stories associated with Khoja Nasreddin, a favorite hero of Middle Eastern folklore. Once, when he passed himself off as a saint, he was asked by what miracle he could prove it. Nasruddin replied that he would tell the palm tree to approach him and it would obey. When the miracle failed, Nasruddin went to the tree with the words: "Prophets and saints are devoid of arrogance. If the palm tree does not come to me, I go to it." this story is in an Arabic collection, presumably attributed to 1631. Another story is in the notes of the famous traveler Marco Polo (1254-1324), the first edition of which in Latin was published without specifying the place and year; presumably: Venice or Rome, 1484. Marco Polo says that a certain Baghdad shoemaker undertook to prove to the Caliph Al-Muetasim the advantages of the Christian faith and allegedly performed a miracle: the mountain at his call moved in his direction. The researcher believes that the European version of this eastern legend replaced the palm tree with a mountain due to the Christian tradition, which claims that faith moves mountains (I Corinthians, 13.2). Finally, a Turkish proverb is known - a possible source of this expression: "Mountain, mountain, wander; if the mountain does not wander, let the saint wander." The circulation of this proverb can be traced back to the 17th century. Finally, already in 1597, the English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) in his "Moral and Political Essays", in the essay "On Courage" says that Mohammed promised the people to move the mountain by force, and when he failed, he said: "Well! Since the mountain does not want to go to Mohammed, Mohammed will go to it."
It is written with a pitchfork on the water.
In the expression "it is written with a pitchfork on the water," the pitchfork means the old name of circles on the water.
There is life in the old dog yet.
A quote from Nikolai Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" (1842), ch. 9: "There is still gunpowder in the flasks? Has the Cossack strength weakened? Are the Cossacks bending?"
Yellow press
This expression, used in the sense of low-quality, deceitful, greedy for all kinds of cheap sensations, originated in the USA. In 1985, American graphic artist Richard Outcault featured a series of frivolous drawings with humorous text in a number of issues of the New York newspaper "The World"; among the drawings was a child in a yellow shirt, to whom various funny sayings were attributed. Soon another American newspaper, the New York Journal, began printing a series of similar drawings. A dispute arose between the two newspapers over the primacy of this "yellow boy". In 1896, Erwin Wordman, editor of the New York Press, published an article in that magazine in which he contemptuously called both rival newspapers "yellow press." Since then, this expression has become winged.
Life is a struggle
The expression goes back to ancient authors. In Euripides' tragedy "The Supplicant": "Our life is a struggle." In Seneca's letters: "To live is to fight." Voltaire in the tragedy "Fanaticism, or the Prophet Mohammed" puts the phrase "Life is a struggle" into the mouth of Mohammed.
Bosom friend.
The ancient expression "pour over the Adam's apple" meant "to get drunk", "to drink alcohol". Hence the phraseological unit "bosom friend" was formed, which is used today to denote a very close friend.
Nick down
In this expression, the word "nose" has nothing to do with the organ of smell. A memorial wooden plaque was called "nose". In the distant past, illiterate people always carried with them such boards and sticks, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notches were made for memory. Here the word "nose" is what "wear" (from the verb "wear")
Shabby view
The expression shabby appearance appeared under Peter I and has nothing to do with the meal. Zatrapeznikov is the name of a merchant whose factory produced very coarse and low-quality fabric. Since then, they say about a slovenly dressed person that he has a shabby appearance.
Hot spot.
The expression arose from the "funeral" prayer: "Rest the soul of your servant in a brighter place, in a dark place, in a place of peace"; here, as in the Bible (Psalm 22), "a hot place" means: a pleasant, calm, abundant place for everyone. But more often this expression is used ironically, in the opposite sense; especially often in the meaning: a place of drunkenness and debauchery.
Knowledge is power
Expression of the English materialist philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) in Moral and Political Essays, 2, 11 (1597)
Golden youth
This is the name of the rich aristocratic youth, winding up money, wasting their lives. Initially, it was the nickname of the Parisian counter-revolutionary youth, who grouped after 9 Thermidor (1794) around Freon (1754-1802), one of the leaders of the Thermidorian reaction. Led by Freron, the "golden youth" pursued the last Montagnards. In his magazine "Orateur du peuple" January 30. 1795 Freron says that the nickname "golden youth" originated in Jacobin circles. The French novelist François Xavier Pages (1745-1802) introduced him to the second part of The Secret History of the French Revolution, published in early 1797. Then it was forgotten, but after 1824, thanks to the historical works of Mignet, Thiers, Thibodeau and Prudhomme, it again entered wide circulation.
Go up the hill.
The expression to go uphill entered the general colloquial speech of the intelligentsia in the first third of the 19th century. from the card argo: the card game "slide", somewhat reminiscent of poker, was popular among the people. When a player started to place bets, forcing partners to fold, they said about him that he was "going uphill." Later, this expression penetrated into everyday speech and is now used to refer to a person who steadily improves his position and achieves success.
I'm going to you.
According to the chronicle, Prince Svyatoslav, not wishing to take advantage of the benefits of an unexpected attack, always declared war in advance, commanding him to say to the enemy: "I am going on you." That is, on you (N.M. Karamzin, History of the Russian State, St. Petersburg. 1842, vol. I, p. 104).
Massacre of the innocents
The expression arose from the Gospel legend about the killing of all babies in Bethlehem at the behest of the Jewish king Herod, after he learned from the Magi about the birth of Jesus, whom they called the king of the Jews (Matt. 2, 1-5 and 16). Used as a definition of child abuse, and when it comes to jokingly talking about the harsh measures applied to them.
And there is a hole in the old woman
Now this phrase means that an experienced person is mistaken. The word "ruin" comes from the Old Russian "ruin" - trouble, own oversight, mistake
Search a woman
This expression is used (often in French: "Cherchez la femme") when they want to say that the culprit of some event, calamity, or crime is a woman. It became winged thanks to the novel by Alexandre Dumas-father (1802-1870) "The Mohicans of Paris", which he converted into a drama of the same name (1864). These words in "The Mohicans of Paris" (in the novel part III, chapters 10 and 11, in the play - d. 2, 16) are a favorite saying of a Parisian police official. Dumas used an expression that was indeed used by the well-known French police officer Gabriel de Sartin (1729-1801). The idea behind this expression is not new. The earliest version of it is found in the Roman poet Juvenal (c. 43-113 AD); in the 6th satire, he says that "there is hardly a litigation in which the cause of the quarrel is not a woman." In the novel by Richardson (1689-1761) "Charles Grandison" (1753), in the 24th letter we read: "Behind these intrigues lies a woman." In the second chapter of Ivan Turgenev's novel "Rudin" (1855), the misogynist Pigasov asks about any misfortune: What is her name?
Like a squirrel in a wheel
Expression from the fable of I. A. Krylov "Squirrel" (1833 You will look at a different businessman: He bothers, rushes about, everyone marvels at him: He seems to be tearing out of his skin, But everything does not move forward, Like a squirrel in a wheel. meaning: constantly fussing, bustling with no visible results; being very busy.
When the cancer on the mountain whistles
The meaning of the phraseological unit "when the cancer whistles on the mountain (and the fish sings)" means "it is not known when; in an indefinite future tense; never". This formula for the impossible is, in fact, an ironic and humorous saying. Comparing with this phraseological unit other expressions that have a similar meaning: Russians - for Turkish Easter; to Russian bairam; after the carrot's spell; after the rain on Thursday; on Monday after the middle; for that summer, not for this; for the year when the devil dies; when the devil is baptized; when bald ones curl up (when the bald hair curls); when the magpie turns white; when the pigs walk from the field; when the gelding gets numb; when the rooster lays an egg; English - when the moon turns into green cheese; when pigs fly and once with a blue moon, French - when chickens have teeth, German - when dogs bark their tails, Kazakh - when a camel's tail reaches the ground, Kyrgyz - when a donkey's tail touches the ground, Bulgarian - when a pig in yellow slippers climbs a pear , you can see that the figurative meaning of such constructions is realized as a result of violation of the "logical" compatibility of components.
It is written with a pitchfork on the water
In the expression "it is written with a pitchfork on the water," the pitchfork means the old name of circles on the water.
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Correspondence quiz "Winged expressions from Russian history"
This material will be useful for history teachers as well as class teachers working in penitentiary-type schools.
Goals: the formation of interest in the study of the history of Russia
Tasks:
Broadening the horizons of students,
Activation of the desire to work independently with various sources of information;
Increasing student motivation to study history;
Evaluation criteria: maximum score - 75
Explain what it means, what caused - 4 points;
Explain the meaning of using today - 1 point
Student Worksheet
1 "Get Started"
2 "Put on the back burner."
3 "Our brother Isaac"
4 « True truth».
5 "Seven Fridays in the Week."
6 "Lost, like aubry."
7 "Sharpen the fringes."
8 "Filkin's certificate".
9 "Shout at all Ivanovskaya".
10 "At the Devil's Place."
11 "Working carelessly."
12 "Versta Kolomenskaya"
13 "To pull the red tape".
14 "Nick down".
15 "Stay with the nose."
Answers to quiz questions
"To go all out." In ancient Russia, large bells were called "heavy". According to the Church Charter - "Typikon", "to strike all bad", that is, to ring all the bells at once, was to be done only on major holidays. Since the big holidays were accompanied by festivities, drunkenness, the expression "To go all the way" means unrestrained binge, revelry and extravagance .
"Put on the back burner." In the clerks' huts in Russia, petitions were submitted in long laris. These cases were not analyzed for years. Used when the decision is postponed indefinitely.
"Our brother Isaac" One of the first Russian catchphrases came from the ecclesiastical milieu, from the "Paterikon of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery" Paterik contained a story about a certain monk, Isaac's brother, to whom one day at midnight devils appeared who took the form of beautiful youths. They said to the hermit Isaac: "Isaac, we are angels, but Christ is coming to you, go and worship him." Isaac mistook the demon for Christ and worshiped him. Then the demons shouted: "Ours, Isaac!" The expression "Our brother Isaac" began to mean that the person who is spoken of in this way is close to the speaker in terms of his views and position in society and moral principles.
« True truth». During the interrogation, the defendant was beaten with a whip, which was called a long-length. It was believed that in pain a person would tell the whole truth. The expression means that the truth was not obtained in a completely honest way.
"Seven Fridays a Week." Exchange offices among the Slavs were called graveyards. Most of the churchyards were along the banks of the main trade road, the Dnieper. Over time, fairs began to be organized on the churchyards. They were arranged not once a year, but more often. As a rule, they opened on Friday, and on that day the merchants took the goods, and with the advent of money and money on parole. Hence (one of many versions) comes the proverb "Seven Fridays in the week"
« Killed, like aubrey. ""The Tale of Bygone Years" reports that the powerful union of the Avar tribes, in Slavic obrov, conquered the Slavic tribe of the Dulebs, who lived in the territory of western Volyn. God, intervening for the Slavs, destroyed the Obrov. The oldest catch phrase means the death of someone without a trace.
"Sharpen the fringes." Lyases, or balusters, was the name in Russia for carved wooden decorations on pillars holding the porch. Cutting balusters was considered an easy task that did not require special attention.
Therefore, the worker could simultaneously carry on extraneous conversations. Used in the sense of wasting time.
"Filkin's letter". During the oprichnina, introduced by Ivan the Terrible, Philip Kolychev became the Metropolitan of Moscow. After a while, Grozny ordered to seize the Metropolitan and throw him into prison. The tsar contemptuously called Philip Filka, and when, during Kolychev's lifetime, he received letters of exhortation from him, in which he urged Ivan to reconcile and change his mind, he called these messages “Filka's letters”. This is how the pejorative expression "Filkina's letter" appeared in the Russian language, meaning an illiterate message, a forgery or a paper that has no legal force.
"Shout at all Ivanovskaya". In the Moscow Kremlin, near the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, there was Ivanovskaya Square. All important sovereign decrees were publicly announced to the people there. Used in a judgmental sense when a person speaks too loudly.
"In the middle of nowhere." On the territory of Moscow and around it there were many swamps, which were called kulichki or kulishki. And since, according to popular belief, all kinds of evil spirits were found in the swamps, they began to call the devils kulish. Now this expression means wilderness, distance and wilderness.
"Working carelessly." The clothes of the Russian boyars were such that the sleeves went down very low, almost to the knees. It was absolutely impossible to work in such clothes. Means "to work badly, sloppily."
"Versta Kolomenskaya". One of the most beloved Tsarist villages and estates near Moscow was the village of Kolomenskoye. A wide, flat road, sprinkled with sand, with strong bridges, with milestones on the sides led from Moscow to Kolomenskoye. These milestones were fathoms high, and therefore Muscovites began to call tall people the Kolomenskaya mile.
"Pulling red tape". A very thin thread was pulled from a copper wire - red tape. The work was slow and laborious. Used to mean "take it slowly, play for time." The thread was sometimes called "gimp". Therefore, the synonym is "pull the gimp".
"Beat your thumbs up". To make a wooden spoon or a cup, require chopping off a lump - a baklush. It was an easy task, it was entrusted to apprentices. It did not require special skill. It is used in the sense of "doing an empty, useless business, doing nonsense."
"Nick down". The nose is a plaque, a note tag. They carried it with them and made notches for memory. Means "to remember for a long time."
"Stay with the nose." The petitioner in tsarist Russia, when he applied to an institution or court, brought an offering to speed up the consideration of cases. If his “gift” was not accepted, then he left with his offering, or with his nose, back, that is, with what he brought. Means "to leave with nothing, achieve nothing."
History of catch phrases
Appetite comes with eating. White crow Time heals wounds. Time is the best doctor. Time is money. Time is working for us. All roads lead to Rome Babylon. Everything is for the best in this best of worlds. Uncle Sam (Himself). If the mountain does not go to Mohammed, then Mohammed goes to the mountain There is life in the old dog yet. Yellow press Life is a struggle Hot spot. Knowledge is power Golden youth I go to you Massacre of the innocents Their name is legion Search a woman Like a squirrel in a wheel Scapegoat (atonement) It is easier for a camel to pass through the ears of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Love triangle The Moor has done his job, the Moor can go away. Disservice. Honeymoon. Maecenas Silent means consent Panic fear Dance to someone else's tune. Success is never blamed. After us, even a flood Bullet-fool, bayonet-well The center of the world Born to crawl cannot fly With a sweet paradise and in a hut An obliging fool is more dangerous than the enemy Man is a wolf to man. Humans tend to make mistakes. Vanity FairSTORIES OF "WINGED PHRASES"
Expression from the novel by Francois Rabelais (c. 1494 - 1553) "Gargantua", part 1, chapter 5
This expression, as a designation of a rare, exceptional person, is given in the 7th satire of the Roman poet Juvenal (middle of the 1st century - after 127 AD):
Fate gives kingdoms to slaves, delivers triumphs to captives.
However, the lucky one is the same less often than the white crow.
The expression goes back to the "Confessions" of Augustine (354-430). Something similar to him is found already in antiquity, in the Greek writer Menander (c. 343 - c. 291 BC): "Time is the doctor of all inevitable evils."
An aphorism from the work of the American scientist and politician Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) "Advice to a Young Merchant" (1748). An expression similar in thought is already found in the Greek philosopher Theophrastus (c. 372-287 BC): "Time is an expensive waste."
In 1866 in England, in the House of Commons, under the influence of the growth of the labor movement, the liberal cabinet of Lord Russell put forward a draft electoral reform bill. During the debate, W. Gladstone (1809-1898), the future prime minister, defending the political rights of the workers, exclaimed, addressing the conservatives: "You cannot fight against the future. Time is working for us." The last phrase, which has become a winged phrase in Russian speech, is not a completely accurate translation. Gladstone's true words: "Time is on our side", that is, "Time is on our side."
A medieval proverb that has entered our literary speech, probably from the fable of La Fontaine (1621-1695) "Arbitrator, brother of mercy and hermit".
A synonym for a big city full of temptations, which arose from the Bible, in several places of which Babylon is mentioned in this sense, "the great city", which "made all nations drink with the fierce wine of fornication" (Jeremiah, 51, 6; Apocalypse, 14.8, etc. .).
This dictum ("Tout est pour Ie mieux dans Ie meilleur des mondes possibles") is borrowed from Voltaire's novel Candide (1759), in which, however, it is given in a slightly different edition. In chapter 1, Dr. Panglos states that everything is expedient "in the best possible world" ("dans Ie meilleur des mondes possibles") and that "all is for the best" ("tout est au mieux"); this same thought is also varied in other chapters of the novel. In Candida, Leibniz's theory of "pre-established harmony" is ridiculed, and the quotations quoted parody Leibniz's assertion in Theodicea (1710); "God would not have created the world if he were not the best of all."
This is what the United States is called. There is an explanation that this name comes from a nickname that was given to a certain Samuel Wilson, originally from New York, who settled at the end of the 18th century. in the city of Troy, on the Hudson River; the locals called him "Uncle Sam" (according to another transcription - Sam). During the Second Anglo-American War (1812-1814), Wilson, who enjoyed great popularity, held the position of inspector of provisions in the army supply agencies. Wilson used the letters U.S. on the boxes of food sent to the army. i.e. United States-United States. The Americans decoded these letters as Uncle Sam - "Uncle Sam". However, the latest research denies this interpretation, as anecdotal.
There are various explanations for the origin of this expression. It is believed, for example, that it goes back to one of the anecdotal stories associated with Khoja Nasreddin, a favorite hero of Middle Eastern folklore. Once, when he passed himself off as a saint, he was asked by what miracle he could prove it. Nasruddin replied that he would tell the palm tree to approach him and it would obey. When the miracle failed, Nasruddin went to the tree with the words: "Prophets and saints are devoid of arrogance. If the palm tree does not come to me, I go to it." this story is in an Arabic collection, presumably attributed to 1631. Another story is in the notes of the famous traveler Marco Polo (1254-1324), the first edition of which in Latin was published without specifying the place and year; presumably: Venice or Rome, 1484. Marco Polo says that a certain Baghdad shoemaker undertook to prove to the Caliph Al-Muetasim the advantages of the Christian faith and allegedly performed a miracle: the mountain at his call moved in his direction. The researcher believes that the European version of this eastern legend replaced the palm tree with a mountain due to the Christian tradition, which claims that faith moves mountains (I Corinthians, 13.2). Finally, a Turkish proverb is known - a possible source of this expression: "Mountain, mountain, wander; if the mountain does not wander, let the saint wander." The circulation of this proverb can be traced back to the 17th century. Finally, already in 1597, the English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) in his "Moral and Political Essays", in the essay "On Courage" says that Mohammed promised the people to move the mountain by force, and when he failed, he said: "Well! Since the mountain does not want to go to Mohammed, Mohammed will go to it."
A quote from Nikolai Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" (1842), ch. 9: "There is still gunpowder in the flasks? Has the Cossack strength not weakened? Aren't the Cossacks bending?"
This expression, used in the sense of low-quality, deceitful, greedy for all kinds of cheap sensations, originated in the USA. In 1985, American graphic artist Richard Outcault featured a series of frivolous drawings with humorous text in a number of issues of the New York newspaper "The World"; among the drawings was a child in a yellow shirt, to whom various funny sayings were attributed. Soon another American newspaper, the New York Journal, began printing a series of similar drawings. A dispute arose between the two newspapers over the primacy of this "yellow boy". In 1896, Erwin Wordman, editor of the New York Press, published an article in that magazine in which he contemptuously called both rival newspapers "yellow press."
Since then, this expression has become winged.
The expression goes back to ancient authors. In Euripides' tragedy "The Supplicant": "Our life is a struggle." In Seneca's letters: "To live is to fight." Voltaire in the tragedy "Fanaticism, or the Prophet Mohammed" puts the phrase "Life is a struggle" into the mouth of Mohammed.
The expression arose from the "funeral" prayer: "Rest the soul of your servant in a brighter place, in a dark place, in a place of peace"; here, as in the Bible (Psalm 22), "a hot place" means: a pleasant, calm, abundant place for everyone. But more often this expression is used ironically, in the opposite sense; especially often in the meaning: a place of drunkenness and debauchery.
Expression of the English materialist philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) in Moral and Political Essays, 2, 11 (1597).
This is the name of the rich aristocratic youth, winding up money, wasting their lives. Initially, it was the nickname of the Parisian counter-revolutionary youth, who grouped after 9 Thermidor (1794) around Freon (1754-1802), one of the leaders of the Thermidorian reaction. Led by Freron, the "golden youth" pursued the last Montagnards. In his magazine "Orateur du peuple" January 30. 1795 Freron says that the nickname "golden youth" originated in Jacobin circles. The French novelist François Xavier Pages (1745-1802) introduced him to the second part of The Secret History of the French Revolution, published in early 1797. Then it was forgotten, but after 1824, thanks to the historical works of Mignet, Thiers, Thibodeau and Prudhomme, it again entered wide circulation.
According to the chronicle, Prince Svyatoslav, not wishing to take advantage of the benefits of an unexpected attack, always declared war in advance, commanding him to say to the enemy: "I am going on you." That is, on you (N.M. Karamzin, History of the Russian State, St. Petersburg. 1842, vol. I, p. 104).
The expression arose from the Gospel legend about the killing of all babies in Bethlehem at the behest of the Jewish king Herod, after he learned from the Magi about the birth of Jesus, whom they called the king of the Jews (Matt. 2, 1-5 and 16). Used as a definition of child abuse, and when it comes to jokingly talking about the harsh measures applied to them.
Expression from the gospel. Demoniac on the question of Jesus: "What is your name?" - said: "Legion", because many demons entered into him "(Luke, 8, 30; Mark, 5, 9). The Legion is a division of the Roman army of six thousand people; in the gospel, this word is used not in the sense of a definite number, but in the sense of a huge number; in this sense, the expression became winged.
This expression is used (often in French: "Cherchez la femme") when they want to say that the culprit of some event, calamity, or crime is a woman. It became winged thanks to the novel by Alexandre Dumas-father (1802-1870) "The Mohicans of Paris", which he converted into a drama of the same name (1864). These words in "The Mohicans of Paris" (in the novel part III, chapters 10 and 11, in the play - d. 2, 16) are a favorite saying of a Parisian police official. Dumas used an expression that was indeed used by the well-known French police officer Gabriel de Sartin (1729-1801). The idea behind this expression is not new. The earliest version of it is found in the Roman poet Juvenal (c. 43-113 AD); in the 6th satire, he says that "there is hardly a litigation in which the cause of the quarrel is not a woman." In the novel by Richardson (1689-1761) "Charles Grandison" (1753), in the 24th letter we read: "Behind these intrigues lies a woman." In the second chapter of Ivan Turgenev's novel "Rudin" (1855), the misogynist Pigasov asks about any misfortune: What is her name?
Expression from the fable of I. A. Krylov "Squirrel" (1833 Look at a different businessman:
He bothers, rushes, everyone marvels at him:
It seems to be torn from the skin,
Yes, only everything does not move forward,
Like a squirrel in a wheel.
This expression is used in the meaning: to constantly fuss, to bustle without visible results; be very busy.
A biblical expression (Leviticus 16: 21-22), which arose from the description of a special rite of the imposition of the sins of the whole people on a living goat, which existed among the ancient Jews; it is used in the sense: a person who is constantly blamed for someone else's fault, who is responsible for others.
Expression from the gospel (Matt, 19:24; Luke, 18:25). Some commentators of the gospel understand by the word "camel" a thick ship's rope; while others, literally understanding the word camel, mean by needle ears one of the gates in the wall of Jerusalem, very narrow and low. Most likely, this expression is an ancient Jewish proverb showing the impossibility of achieving anything (G. Dyachenko, Complete Church Slavonic Dictionary, M. 1900, p. 209).
This expression is used in the meaning: a married couple and a third person (lover, mistress). In the family problems of bourgeois literature of the XIX century. the theme of the "love triangle" occupied one of the prominent places. Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) touched on her in the drama Hedda Gubler (1890), to which this expression goes back. In the drama (d. 2, app. 1), the following dialogue takes place between Gedda and the assessor Brak:
"Marriage. All I want is to have a good, loyal circle of close friends, where I can serve in word and deed and be able to come and go like a trusted friend.
Gedda. The owner of the house, you mean?
Marriage (bows). Frankly, better than a hostess. And then the owner, of course ... such and such a triangular union in essence is a great convenience for all parties.
Gedda. Yes, I missed the third many times ... "
On the appearance of Gedda's husband, assessor Brak adds: "The triangle is closed."
Quote from F. Schiller's drama "Fiesco's Conspiracy in Genoa" (1783). This phrase (d. 3, yavl. 4) is pronounced by the Moor, who turned out to be unnecessary after he helped Count Fiesco organize a republican uprising against the tyrant of Genoa, Doge Doria. This phrase has become a saying characterizing a cynical attitude towards a person whose services are no longer needed.
The expression is used in the meaning: clumsy, awkward service that brings harm, trouble instead of help. It arose from IA Krylov's fable "The Hermit and the Bear" (1808) (see. A helpful fool is more dangerous than an enemy).
The idea that the happiness of the first time of marriage is quickly replaced by the bitterness of disappointment, figuratively expressed in oriental folklore, was used by Voltaire for his philosophical novel "Zadig, or Fate" (1747), in the 3rd chapter of which he writes: "Zadig experienced that the first month of marriage, as described in Zend, is a honeymoon, and the second is a wormwood. " From Voltaire's novel, the expression "honeymoon", meaning the first month of marriage, entered many languages, including Russian. Later, this expression began to be applied also to the initial period of any phenomenon, to that phase in which nothing had yet manifested itself, which then caused disappointment and discontent.
The wealthy Roman patrician Gaius Cilny Maecenas (born between 74 and 64 BC, died in 8 BC) was widely patronized by artists and poets. Horace, Virgil, Proportions glorified him in their poems. Martial (40-102 AD) in one of his epigrams (8, 56) says:
"There would be, Flaccus, Patrons, there would be no shortage of the Marons," that is, the Virgils (Vergilius Maro). Thanks to the poems of these poets, his name became a household name for a wealthy patron of the arts and sciences.
Expression of the Pope (1294-1303) Boniface VIII in one of his epistles included in canon law (a set of decrees of church authority). This expression goes back to Sophocles (496-406 BC), in whose tragedy "The Trakhine women" it is said: "Do you not understand that by silence you agree with the accuser?"
The expression is used in the meaning: unaccountable, sudden, intense fear, covering many people, causing confusion. Arose from the Greek myths about Pan, the god of forests and fields. According to myths, Pan brings sudden and unaccountable terror to people, especially to travelers in remote and secluded places, as well as to the troops rushing from this to flight. Hence the word "panic" originated.
The expression is used in the meaning: to act not of one's own will, but at the will of another. It goes back to the Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC), who in the 1st book of his History (1.141) says that the Persian king Cyrus, after the conquest of the Medes, when the Asia Minor Greeks, whom he had previously tried in vain to persuade to his side, expressed his readiness to obey him under certain conditions, told them the following fable: “One flutist, seeing fish in the sea, began to play the flute, expecting that they would come out to him on land. he threw it down and pulled out a lot of fish. Seeing the fish beating in the nets, he told them: "Stop dancing; when I played the flute, you did not want to go out and dance." This fable is attributed to Aesop (VI century BC). A similar expression is found in the Gospel (Matt., 11, 17, and Luke, 7, 32): "We played the flute for you, and you did not dance," that is, they did not want to do our will.
These words are attributed to Catherine II, who allegedly put it this way when A.V. Suvorov was put on trial for the assault in 1773 of Turtukai, undertaken by him against the orders of Field Marshal Rumyantsev. However, the story about the arbitrary actions of Suvorov and about his bringing him to trial is refuted by serious researchers and belongs to the field of anecdotes.
This phrase is attributed to the French king Louis XV, but memoirists claim that it belongs to the favorite of this king, the Marquis of Pompadour (1721-1764). She said it in 1757 to console the king, dejected by the defeat of the French troops at Rosbach. Often quoted in French: "Apres nous le deluge." It is possible that this phrase is an echo of a verse by an unknown Greek poet, which was often quoted by Cicero and Seneca: "After my death, let the world perish in fire."
The aphorism of the great Russian commander A. V. Suvorov from the manual for military training of troops, written by him in 1796 "Science to Win" (1st ed. 1800): "Take care of the bullet for three days, and sometimes for a whole campaign, as there is nowhere to take it. Shoot rarely, but accurately; with a bayonet if it is strong. Suvorov expressed this idea somewhat differently in another aphorism: "One man can stab three with a bayonet, where four, and a hundred bullets fly into the air" ("Suvorov's Testaments", Collection of Suvorov sayings, compiled by K. Pigarev, M. 1943 , p. 17).
In Talmudic folklore, in the center of the world is Palestine, in the center of Palestine is Jerusalem, in the center of Jerusalem is a temple, in the center of the temple is the holy of holies (altar), and in the center of it is a stone in front of the ark of the covenant. From this stone, which God threw into the sea, the universe began. According to another version, the god closed the hole of the abyss, water chaos with this stone. This medieval idea is also found in the monuments of ancient Russian literature - in the "Conversation of the Three Saints", in the "Walking to Jerusalem of Abbot Daniel". The spiritual verse "About the book of the pigeon" says that in Jerusalem - "the navel of the earth" (I. Porfiriev, Ist. Russian. Literature, part 1, Kazan, 1897, p. 314). Figuratively, the expression "navel of the earth" is used ironically as a characteristic of someone who unreasonably considers himself the center, the main force of something.
A quote from "Song of the Falcon" by M. Gorky (see O brave. Falcon, you bled out in the fight against enemies). This poetic formula of Gorky coincides with the final maxim in the fable of II Khemnitser (1745-1784) "The Man and the Cow". The fable tells how a man, having lost his horse, saddled a cow, which "fell under the rider ... no wonder: the cow did not learn to ride ... And therefore one should know: whoever was born to crawl cannot fly."
A quote from the poem by N. M. Ibragimov (1778-1818) "Russian song" ("In the evening, a red girl"):
Don't look for me, rich:
You are not sweet to my soul.
What is to me, what are your chambers?
With a lovely paradise and in a hut!
Expression from the fable by I. A. Krylov "The Hermit and the Bear" (1808):
Although the service is dear to us in need,
But not everyone knows how to take it:
God forbid to contact a fool!
An obliging fool is more dangerous than an enemy.
This maxim is followed by a story about the Bear's friendship with the Hermit. They spent whole days together. Once the Hermit went to rest and fell asleep. The bear drove the flies away from him. He drove the fly off his cheek, it sat on the nose, then on the forehead. The bear, taking a weighty cobblestone, watched over the fly and What strength is there, grab a friend in the forehead with a stone! The blow was so dexterous that the skull sounded apart, And Mishin's friend stayed there for a long time!
From the same fable arose the expression "the obliging bear."
Expressions from the comedy "Donkeys" ("Asinario") by the Roman writer Plautus (c. 254-184 BC), often quoted in Latin (Homo homine lupus, or lupus est liomo homini)
The prototype of this expression is found in the Greek poet Theognis, who lived 500 years BC. e .; he expressed the idea that it is impossible to maintain close friendly relations with anyone if you are angry at every mistake of friends, "since mistakes are inevitable between mortals." Later this thought was repeated in different versions: in the tragedy "Hippolytus" of the Greek poet Euripides (480-406 BC) - "all people tend to make mistakes"; in Cicero ("Philippi", 12, 5) - "It is common for every person to make mistakes, but it is not common for anyone, except for a fool, to persist in a mistake." The Roman rhetorician Mark Anney Seneca (c. 55 BC - c. 37 AD) says: "It is human nature to make mistakes." The church writer Jerome (331-420) in his "Letters" (57, 12): "It is human to be mistaken." The wording was widespread: "Errare humanum est" - "It is human nature to make mistakes."
Expression from the poem "The Pilgrim's Journey" by the English writer John Benyan (1628-1688); a pilgrim passes through a city about which he says: "The name of this city is Vanity, and in this city there is a fair called the Vanity Fair." The English novelist Tek-kerey (1811-1863) took the expression "vanity fair" as the title for his satirical novel (1848), in which he depicted the mores of bourgeois society. This expression is used as a characteristic of the social environment, the main stimulus of which is vanity and careerism.
