How small kidney stones are removed. Traditional ways to get rid of kidney stones. Modern methods of stone removal

Nephrolithiasis (urolithiasis) is dangerous not only for its chronic progressive course, but also for serious complications associated with infectious and inflammatory lesions of the renal tissue, the release of calculi and a violation of the normal outflow of urine. Removal of kidney stones is one of the main methods of treating pathology. Today it is carried out in a variety of ways, depending on a number of factors. To select modern technology that will effectively and safely remove salt formations, it is necessary to consult a doctor and undergo a comprehensive examination.

Attention to the patient

Before the question of which procedure should be used to remove the stone from the kidney in a particular patient with ICD is decided, a number of factors are taken into account:

• size, location and number of calculi;
• their chemical structure;
• anatomical features of the structure of the ureters;
• absence / presence of obstruction at all levels of the urinary tract;
• age, general condition and well-being of the patient;
• severity of pathological symptoms of nephrolithiasis;
• possible concomitant diseases.

The decision on how to remove kidney stones is made taking into account all the information obtained by the doctor during the conversation with the patient, examination, as well as laboratory and instrumental examination. The most effective and safest way to fight the disease is selected.

There are different methods. They can be conditionally divided into non-invasive and invasive.

Non-invasive techniques

Non-invasive treatment is preferable because it allows you to remove kidney stones without surgery. However, this type of therapy is used only in the case of small stones - up to 4 mm, since formations of a larger diameter can injure the urinary tract.

Prescribing diuretics and increasing the amount of fluid consumed by a person. This simple method is used to flush the kidneys with water and remove the formed pebbles and sand from the body. It is recommended to drink up to 2-2.5 liters of non-mineral water, unsweetened fruit drink from cranberries and lingonberries every day. The selection of the dosage and duration of taking diuretics is carried out individually by the nephrologist. Prescribing medicines.

Phytolysin, Urolesan, Kanefron, Cyston, Fitolita - the action of which is aimed at dissolving kidney stones and their natural excretion in the urine. In addition to direct action on already formed stones, these drugs:

• prevent crystallization of mineral components in urine;
• relieve inflammation;
• prevent the formation of edema;
• increase daily urine output.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. A non-invasive therapy in which kidney stones are broken down by high energy shock waves and removed naturally from the kidneys. Suitable for crushing stones up to 2 cm in size.

Note! Phosphate and urate kidney stones are better treated with drug-free treatment. In this case, oxalate calculi, which are most often found in medical practice, are removed surgically.

Operative treatment

And how to deal with kidney stones, if their diameter significantly exceeds the "allowable" 4-5 mm and is several centimeters? In this case, it is required. Surgical removal of calculi is indicated for:

• severe back pain, which causes the pressure of the stone on the kidney tissue;
• violations of the physiological outflow of urine;
• the development of symptoms of chronic renal failure and impaired renal blood flow;
• the appearance of hematuria (blood in the urine) associated with damage by moving calculi of the urinary tract;
• the development of infectious and inflammatory complications of the ICD.

Percutaneous access involves the removal of calculi through a small incision in the lower back using a special endoscopic instrument - a nephroscope. This method of surgical intervention allows both nephrolithotomy (removal of the entire calculus) and nephrolithotripsy (removal of the stone after its preliminary crushing).

Benefits of this kidney stone treatment method:

• extensive experience in medical practice - percutaneous removal of calculi is considered the "gold standard" of therapy;
• high efficiency (95%) even with large stones;
• for a complete cure, one procedure is enough;
• reliability and efficiency - this type of surgical intervention is most often used in urology.

Transurethral removal of calculus

During transurethral nephrolithotripsy, a kidney stone is removed using a special endoscopic equipment inserted into the urinary tract through the urethra - a ureteronephroscope. This minimally invasive technique is performed under general or local anesthesia and consists of several stages:

1. Conducting a ureteronephroscope to the location of the calculus.
2. Bringing in instruments for stone removal through a special channel in endoscopic equipment.
3. Removal of calculus: if the diameter of the formation is small, a nephrolithotomy is performed, with a significant size of the calculus, the doctor crushes it into smaller pieces, and then removes it with instruments.

Benefits of transurethral stone removal:

• the method actively fights against small and medium-sized calculi;
• It is successfully used to treat patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases, since it does not require the abolition of blood-thinning agents (unlike other types of surgery);
• performed on an outpatient basis;
• does not require violation of the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes.

Laparoscopic and open surgery

Currently, large abdominal operations have been almost completely replaced by minimally invasive endourological methods of treatment. Laparoscopy and interventions through an open surgical approach are performed when:

• the gigantic size of the stone;
• malformations of the urinary tract, which do not allow endoscopic surgery.

Despite its 100% efficiency, radical invasive surgery is dangerous with long-term patient recovery and a high risk of complications after calculus removal. Today she is rarely appointed.

Kidney stones are like a time bomb. For a long time they do not declare themselves, but one day they will lead to serious complications. Therefore, it is important to promptly remove them - the main method of treating urolithiasis.

After surgery and a short recovery period, patients with nephrolithiasis are advised to eat properly, observe a drinking regimen, be physically active, and promptly treat infectious diseases of the urinary system. These measures will normalize the disturbed metabolism and prevent the possibility of the development of new calculi.

Contrary to popular belief, urolithiasis is not a direct consequence of poor diet or drinking hard water. Although both factors play an important role in the onset of the disease. In fact, the formation of kidney stones occurs due to metabolic disorders caused by internal or external causes.

Due to the fact that the increase in the incidence of urolithiasis increases by 0.5-1% annually, and the largest proportion of patients is the working-age population from 25 to 50 years old, the problem of how to remove kidney stones in the least traumatic way is becoming more and more urgent.

Causes of urolithiasis

The main factors affecting the increase in the incidence of urolithiasis include:

• a sedentary lifestyle leads to a violation of the metabolism of minerals (phosphorus and calcium);
• improper nutrition (the predominance of protein foods in the diet);
• unfavorable climatic or living conditions;
• ecological problems;
• diseases of the urinary tract of an inflammatory nature;
• changes in the normal structure of the urinary tract, preventing the outflow of urine;
• hereditary genetic disorders.

In all cases of diagnosing urolithiasis, several factors can be noted at once that had a direct impact on the formation of kidney stones.

Due to the fact that in 95% of cases the course of the disease is recurrent, it is obvious that the removal of kidney stones is not a cure, since in order to prevent recurrence of the disease, it is necessary to remove all factors that have a direct or indirect effect on the development of pathology.

Smoking is one of the factors contributing to the development of urolithiasis.

Basic principles of treatment

Due to the evolution of modern medicine, there has been a significant decrease in the incidence of large coral calculi. However, there is a tendency to an increase in the incidence of mild forms of the disease, the treatment of which makes it possible not to resort to surgery and to get rid of kidney stones without surgery.

Today there is a generally recognized classification of uroliths:

1. Calcium-forming compounds (found in more than 75% of cases of the disease) - calcium carbonate, oxalates, phosphates.
2. Stones containing magnesium (there are about 10% of cases of the disease) - struvite, newberite, magnesium phosphate monohydrate.
3. Uric acid formations (make up more than 10% of all cases of the disease) - sodium urate, uric acid dihydrate, ammonium urate.
4. Protein (cystine) stones (less than 1% of cases).

In connection with various processes occurring in the body, including of an infectious nature or as a result of metabolic disturbances, the formation of mixed uroliths is observed in 50% of cases.

To develop therapeutic tactics, it is necessary to have complete information about the structure of the formed calculi, since it is the chemical elements that make up the basis of the urolith that determine the further steps aimed at removing stones from the kidneys.

When treating urolithiasis, the doctor should individually approach the choice of treatment regimen for each patient.

The basic principles of the treatment of urolithiasis are based on:

1. Corrective action on urine acidity.
2. Compensation for existing metabolic disorders - diet therapy, adequate drinking regimen, exercise therapy.
3. Improving diuresis (stone-expelling tactics).
4. Crushing and subsequent removal of the stone, by the method of distance shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

Changes in the acidity of urine

As you know, an increased concentration of salts in the urine does not necessarily lead to stone formation. The decisive factor that determines the stay of crystals in a dissolved (suspended) form is the acidity of the urine. Normal urine pH is in the range of 5.5-7.0. The impact on this indicator allows not only to prevent relapses of the development of the disease, but also to successfully dissolve existing stones.

So, for example, long-term use of drugs intended for reabsorption of stones (Uralit U, Marelin, Blemaren, Soluran), allows you to completely dissolve kidney stones within 2-3 months. Unfortunately, a similar effect is observed only with the treatment of stones consisting of uric acid.

In relation to formations of other types, the dissolution tactic is not effective enough and is rather supportive in nature, which does not allow completely removing the calculus.

The drug Uralit U is a citrate mixture that has an alkalizing effect on urine and helps to remove uric acid stones.

Due to the high likelihood of side effects, it is important to conduct an examination to clarify the following questions before prescribing treatment:

1. Are there any concomitant diseases.
2. Are there any abnormalities in kidney and liver function?
3. The likely degree of effectiveness of the selected drug.
4. Are there any side effects from taking the drug?

The main criterion for the effectiveness of stone-dissolving therapy is an increase in the acid-base balance of urine to 6.3-6.9.

Normalization of metabolic processes

The purpose of therapeutic measures aimed at removing kidney stones is to eliminate metabolic disorders, as a result of which, an increase in the concentration of salts in the urine occurs.

Diet therapy

The therapeutic effect of diet therapy is to reduce the amount of salts in the urine by limiting their intake with food. Correction of the diet depends on the characteristics of the available stones. So, to normalize purine metabolism (with uric acid stones), it is recommended to completely exclude from the diet:

• fried or smoked meat;
• legumes;
• strong meat broths;
• alcohol;
• coffee;
• cocoa;
• spices.

With a combination of diet therapy and reabsorbing drugs (citrate mixtures), small stones are completely removed within 3 months and large ones within 6 months.

Urolith is considered large if it has a diameter of more than 0.5 cm.

To normalize the metabolism of oxalic acid (with calcium oxalate stones), it is necessary to limit the use of:

• cheese;
• milk and dairy products;
• salad;
• sorrel;
• strawberries;
• spinach;
• chocolate;
• cocoa.

As an adjunct to dietary therapy for oxalate stones, it is advisable to use the following drugs:

• a complex of B vitamins;
• citrate mixtures (Uralit U, Blemaren);
• magnesium oxide.

The daily fluid intake for all forms of urolithiasis should not be less than 2.5 liters.

The diet for calcium phosphate stones is to limit the use of foods containing increased amounts of calcium (dairy products) and phosphorus (fish).

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy exercises for urolithiasis has a number of positive effects on the general condition of the body:

• helps to normalize metabolic processes;
• enhances blood supply to the kidneys;
• improves diuresis;
• promotes the elimination of kidney stones.

The set of therapeutic exercises includes the elements shown in the pictures below.

Active warm-up in a standing position

Exercises lying on your back with bending or turning the knees around the axis of your own body

Daily outdoor jogging, cycling, and swimming also have a positive effect.

Stone Banishing Tactics

The essence of stone-exorcising tactics is to influence the body with a group of medications, the purpose of which is to expel stones from the kidneys. Such an approach to treatment is advisable when small stones are found that can, without damage to the body, overcome narrow fragments of the urinary tract (ureters, urethra).

The complex of medicines used to remove calculi include:

• diuretics;
• antispasmodics (No-shpa, Baralgin, Papaverine);
• anti-inflammatory drugs (antibiotics, antibacterial drugs).

An intensive drinking regimen in combination with diuretics improves urine flow, and antispasmodics relax the smooth muscles of the urinary tract, allowing the calculus to be quickly removed without causing pain.

Herbal preparations are highly effective in removing stones. The herbs in kidney tea have the same effect as medicines and have significantly fewer side effects. To date, many phytopreparations are produced that are widely used in the treatment of urolithiasis:

• Phytolysin;
• Urolesan;
• Cyston.

Kanefron N has established itself not only as a drug that removes kidney stones, but also as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the latest advance in modern medicine to remove kidney stones without surgery. With the help of DLT, stones of any type and almost any size can be removed. The essence of the method lies in the destruction of calculus by exposing it to short pulses of various types of energy.

The direction of exposure of the device is corrected using an X-ray machine or ultrasound. By the end of the procedure, the stone is destroyed to small fragments that can independently exit through the ureters and urethra.

The procedure is carried out in a hospital, followed by a short period of hospitalization, during which, with the help of stone-expelling therapy, crushed fragments of calculus are removed.

However, despite its effectiveness, the method of SWL is not able to protect against the recurrence of the disease. Therefore, in order to cure urolithiasis, it is not enough just to remove kidney stones, an integrated approach is needed, including giving up bad habits, eating healthy foods and increasing physical activity.

Drug treatment is not always effective for kidney stones. Very often it is not possible to get rid of kidney stones and one has to resort to surgical intervention. To avoid surgery for treatment at home, decoctions of medicinal herbs are used, which have a diuretic and analgesic effect.

Treatment with folk remedies

At home, you can get rid of kidney stones, the main thing is to know what to drink. We offer several effective folk remedies that will help dissolve stones and remove them naturally.

Important! Treatment at home should be started only after undergoing an ultrasound scan and passing all the necessary tests. If the stones are very large, it is important to consult a doctor and be observed during treatment, it is also important to understand that there are different compositions of stones. In no case should you resort to this method in the presence of calcium oxalates, this is fraught with sad consequences.

Onions and sugar

Onions are a good tool for crushing stones. For treatment, you need only 1 kg of onion and 500 g of sugar. The course lasts a day, but the effect is incredible, you can even get rid of large stones (up to 2 cm) in the kidneys.

For treatment, you need to prepare a decoction of onions. You need to cook it as follows: pass the onion through a meat grinder, add sugar to it and cook for two hours. You get about 500 ml of broth. You need to drink it 15 minutes before meals 4 times a day at regular intervals. Do not drink.

Also, in the treatment of stones, herbs such as parsley, bearberry, sunflower roots, birch, cornflower flowers, horsetail and others give a good result.

We present recipes with some of these herbs below.

Before proceeding to the treatment of kidney stones, you need to cleanse the body of toxins. For this, decoctions of dandelion roots or blackheads are used. Brew one teaspoon of herbs in a glass of boiling water. After completing the course of cleansing, they proceed directly to crushing stones.

Sunflower root

For crushing stones at home, a sunflower root is suitable. A decoction of sunflower roots will help dissolve kidney and liver stones that previously did not respond to treatment, and all thanks to the healing properties of the sunflower root.

Sunflower root is used to remove salts from the body and destroy insoluble compounds, which are stones.

Important! Sunflower root will not be effective in the presence of phosphate stones; stone analysis should be done before treatment.

Let's look at some recipes with this plant.

To prepare a medicinal decoction from the roots of a sunflower, you need to take one root of this plant, grind it and fill it with three liters of water. Boil for about 10 minutes. You need to drink the entire broth within three days. You can drink it instead of water. The course of treatment with a decoction of sunflower roots is a month.

There are many positive reviews about the healing effects of sunflower root. After a month of treatment, all tests return to normal in patients.

Herbs banishing stones

If, in addition to stones, a large number of leukocytes are found in the patient's analyzes, which indicates an inflammatory process in the kidneys, then the next collection will help to cure. Take in equal proportions the leaves of lingonberry, bearberry and horsetail (you should get 1.5 teaspoons) and pour 300 g of boiling water. Insist the broth in a thermos for 2 hours. Drink 100 g half an hour before meals. The course of treatment is a month.

Important! These herbs have a diuretic effect, i.e. just kick out the stones, without crushing. Therefore, this method is applicable only for small stones up to 0.8 cm.

Knotweed has a diuretic effect. This herb will help drive out small stones and sand. After completing the course of treatment, the urine test will be normal. To prepare the broth, you need to take two teaspoons of this herb and pour half a liter of boiling water. Insist 4 hours. Drink 100 g with meals.

Pumpkin seeds and cranberries are also good for removing calculi. Pumpkin seeds should be eaten raw, then they will produce the desired effect. But cranberries can be drunk in the form of compote, jelly or fruit drink with the addition of honey.

Oats have not only choleretic, but also a diuretic effect. To prepare the broth, it is enough to take a glass of oats and 4 glasses of water. Steam and consume the broth, 100 g before meals.

Prescriptions for treatment

Treatment of kidney stones is effective if you choose the right traditional medicine. Consider recipes for getting rid of kidney stones.

List of recipes:

• Lemon mix. You need to take a lemon with a peel, scald it and grate it. Add honey and olive oil in equal proportions to the juice. Drink a tablespoon 3 times a day.
• Infusion of the peel of apples, ground into a powder. To prepare it, you need to take a tablespoon of apple peel powder and a glass of boiled water. You need to drink the infusion 3 times a day. This recipe will help crush even large kidney stones (uric acid stones).
• A decoction of lingonberry leaves, cornflower flowers, field horsetail, bearberry and birch leaves. All components must be taken in equal proportions.
• Beet juice will help dissolve kidney stones. You need to drink it 100 g three times a day.
• To crush stones and remove sand, you need to drink a glass of water every day with the addition of one teaspoon of apple cider vinegar (always natural and of high quality, this method is contraindicated in case of an ulcer). Sugar can be added to taste.
• You can crush stones with tangerines. During the week, you need to eat 1 kg of tangerines daily. After a week break, repeat the course of treatment again.
• This method will help to remove stones. Take 70 peppercorns and grind in a coffee grinder. Mix the resulting mixture with flour and make small cakes (about 35 pieces). You need to eat one a day.

• A decoction of oats, rose hips, honey and aloe will have a diuretic effect and relieve calculus. For cooking, you need to take 1 kg of oats and steam in 5 liters of water. After the contents are half as much, pour a glass of rose hips and turn off the gas after 10 minutes. After the broth has cooled, add 200 g of honey and 50 ml of aloe juice. Drink after meals.

Important! Any of the methods may have contraindications, depending on the presence of other diseases such as gastritis, ulcers, hypertension, allergic reactions, etc. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor or naturopath.

Other methods for getting rid of kidney stones

For example, the following recipe is suitable for dissolving stones: take about 20 chicken navels without a film and twist them in a meat grinder. Eat a teaspoon every day with tea.

To crush stones, you need to drink 100 g of a mixture of beet, carrot and cucumber juice daily. It is also recommended to eat 3 apples daily.

For the prevention and treatment of stones, you need to drink a liter of cranberry juice every day.

You can also do such procedures at home:

1. Make a decoction of parsley, dill and celery. Soak the tissue in the broth and apply it to the kidney area for 15 minutes. The duration of treatment is 15 days. After this time, you can see how the stones begin to come out on their own.
2. For the treatment of kidney stones, the following procedure will be effective: pour the pottery clay with apple cider vinegar (diluted). Apply the resulting mixture to the fabric and put on the lower back in the kidney area.

But before proceeding to warming procedures in the treatment of kidneys, you need to find out the cause of the disease, pass urine and blood tests, and also undergo an ultrasound scan. If there is a tumor or inflammation in the kidney, it cannot be warmed up.

At home, you can use massage to expel stones, but you need to drink more than two liters of fluid per day.

If there are painful sensations in the kidney area, you should not immediately start treatment at home. First you need to find out the reason for this and pass all the necessary tests. Only after an accurate diagnosis has been made and a doctor has consulted, you can proceed to home treatment.

It is important to remember that only urate stones are subject to crushing with folk remedies. Phosphates and oxalates cannot be crushed. An exception is the mixed type of stones, which can be diagnosed only after CT. Blockage of the renal duct with a stone is fraught with organ loss or death!

If stones are suspected, a general urine test, a biochemical blood test and a urine test according to Nechiporenko are taken. An ultrasound scan is performed. Doctors pay special attention to the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, the presence of acetone and sand in the urine.

Today, urolithiasis has become one of those ailments that plague a large percentage of the world's population. This seemingly completely harmless disease can develop into a huge problem. Therefore, it is recommended to start fighting diseases as early as possible after you have learned about the presence of kidney stones. The first step is to familiarize yourself with the available methods and techniques.

Surgical removal of kidney stones

There are contact and non-contact surgical methods for removing kidney stones. Contactless methods does not require anesthesia and is painless. In the process, the stone is destroyed and removed naturally through the ureter. These include deletion using:

• laser;
• ultrasound.

Contact methods:

• laser destruction with the help of an endoscope (an endoscope is inserted through the external urethra to the kidney and, reaching the stone, it is destroyed with the help of a laser light guide);
• laparoscopic method (a puncture is made in the kidney, an endoscope is inserted, the stone is crushed and removed in parts);
• complete surgery, rarely used due to the risk of complications (make an incision in the kidney and remove the stone).

Herbal Medicine - Harness the Power of Herbs

In combination with the main methods of treating urolithiasis, herbal medicine is an integral part.

The most popular herbs for kidney stones are watermelon, pumpkin, parsley, celery, lingonberry and strawberry.

Below are a few recipes:

• Collect in equal proportions in crushed form birch leaves, strawberries, parsley, black elderberry, willow bark, flax seed and rose hips. Pour boiling water over, insist and keep in a warm place for up to 5 hours. Should be taken 50 ml four times a day.
• A glass of fresh birch sap is useful on an empty stomach. Course - month.
• Drinking a tablespoon of carrot juice four times a day for several months in a row will help remove kidney stones.
• Squeeze parsley juice from the leaves and root and take with the addition of honey 2 tablespoons a day before meals three times.
• Mix a teaspoon of finely cut parsley root and leaves and pour boiling water over (200 ml). Insist in a warm place for 3 hours and take three times a day before meals, in small portions. Can be replaced with dried parsley in winter.

Physiotherapy - modern methods of removing stones

Physiotherapeutic methods for removing kidney stones include:

• Dynamic amplipulse therapy;
• High-intensity pulse magnetotherapy;
• Inductothermy;
• Electrical stimulation of the ureter with impulse currents;
• Electrical stimulation of the ureters with sinusoidal simulated currents;
• High-intensity pulsed magnetotherapy.

How to get rid of kidney stones without surgery?

Water helps to clear small kidney stones. This can be done in 3 weeks by increasing its volume in your diet. Required condition - diet high in fiber.

For the treatment of renal diseases, our readers have successfully used Galina Savina's method.

Water must be filtered or bottled.

The daily volume should be up to 2-2.5 liters per day. Useful cranberry and lingonberry juice, as well as compote from dried fruits and apples. Mineral water will be most useful after the stones are flushed out of the kidneys.

However, if the stones are large, then it will most likely not be possible to remove them quickly.

Whole grains are good for the kidneys. Fruits and vegetables will help cleanse the kidneys due to the significant amount of fluid they contain.

To help your kidney stone get out, you should be active. Exercise improves the peristalsis of the ureter, and can also cause changes in intra-abdominal pressure, which will facilitate the removal of the stone.

Folk ways come to the rescue

You can also remove kidney stones with the help of folk recipes at home. There are the following ways to remove kidney stones using folk remedies:

For the prevention of diseases and treatment of the kidneys and urinary system, our readers advise

Father George monastery tea

It consists of 16 of the most useful medicinal herbs, which are extremely effective in cleansing the kidneys, in the treatment of renal diseases, diseases of the urinary tract, as well as in cleansing the body as a whole.

The opinion of doctors ... "

1. With urata... Mix the buds of birch, parsley, flax seed, strawberry leaves and rose hips in equal proportions. 2 large tablespoons of the chopped collection pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and leave for 6 hours in a closed thermos. You should take a quarter of a glass three times a day for 3 months.
2. With phosphate and oxalate stones... Take equal parts immortelle flowers, lingonberry leaves, motherwort and sweet clover herbs, madder root. Pour boiling water over 2 large spoons of the collection and insist overnight in a closed thermos. Take a third of a glass up to 5 times a day. Or another collection: mint and bearberry leaves, wintergreen herb, cornflower flowers. The cooking procedure is the same.

How to flush kidney stones?

In order for the stone to get from the kidney into the ureter, it is necessary to drink at least during the day 3 liters water. Drink enough to clear urine.

If the patient has an attack of renal colic, it is recommended to drink an infusion of dandelion tea - this is an excellent diuretic. In any case, you need a doctor's consultation.

If the stones are small, then excellent results are shown

treatment of kidney stones with folk remedies

Proper nutrition and diet are important in the treatment of calculi. For detailed information on how to eat during and after urolithiasis, you will find

in our article

• limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the diet, salty, spicy, smoked and fried;
• not convey, but it is better to eat a little and fractionally up to 5-6 times a day;
• consume at least 2.5 liters of liquid per day, preferably bottled and purified water;
• follow a diet in nutrition, and in the case of other diseases, adhere to a compromise diet.

After removing kidney stones, doctors recommend monitoring the normal functioning of the intestines and avoiding constipation. Once a week, you need to drink a laxative or put an enema, add bran to the dishes. At night, you can drink kefir (200 grams) with the addition of a large spoonful of vegetable oil. In the morning, you can eat a few prunes soaked in the evening and drink a glass of cool water on an empty stomach.

Video: Treatment and prevention of urolithiasis

In this video, you will learn how to treat kidney stones and what preventive measures to take. Highly qualified doctors will give you the necessary and useful information about urolithiasis.

Contrary to popular belief, urolithiasis is not a direct consequence of poor diet or drinking hard water. Although both factors play an important role in the onset of the disease. In fact, the formation of kidney stones occurs due to metabolic disorders caused by internal or external causes.

Due to the fact that the increase in the incidence of urolithiasis increases by 0.5-1% annually, and the largest proportion of patients is the working-age population from 25 to 50 years old, the problem of how to remove kidney stones in the least traumatic way is becoming more and more urgent.

Causes of urolithiasis

The main factors affecting the increase in the incidence of urolithiasis include:

• a sedentary lifestyle leads to a violation of the metabolism of minerals (phosphorus and calcium);
• improper nutrition (the predominance of protein foods in the diet);
• unfavorable climatic or living conditions;
• ecological problems;
• diseases of the urinary tract of an inflammatory nature;
• changes in the normal structure of the urinary tract, preventing the outflow of urine;
• hereditary genetic disorders.

In all cases of diagnosing urolithiasis, several factors can be noted at once that had a direct impact on the formation of kidney stones.

Due to the fact that in 95% of cases the course of the disease is recurrent, it is obvious that the removal of kidney stones is not a cure, since in order to prevent recurrence of the disease, it is necessary to remove all factors that have a direct or indirect effect on the development of pathology.

Smoking is one of the factors contributing to the development of urolithiasis.

Basic principles of treatment

Due to the evolution of modern medicine, there has been a significant decrease in the incidence of large coral calculi. However, there is a tendency to an increase in the incidence of mild forms of the disease, the treatment of which makes it possible not to resort to surgery and to get rid of kidney stones without surgery.

Today there is a generally recognized classification of uroliths:

1. Calcium-forming compounds (found in more than 75% of cases of the disease) - calcium carbonate, oxalates, phosphates.
2. Stones containing magnesium (there are about 10% of cases of the disease) - struvite, newberite, magnesium phosphate monohydrate.
3. Uric acid formations (make up more than 10% of all cases of the disease) - sodium urate, uric acid dihydrate, ammonium urate.
4. Protein (cystine) stones (less than 1% of cases).

In connection with various processes occurring in the body, including of an infectious nature or as a result of metabolic disturbances, the formation of mixed uroliths is observed in 50% of cases.

To develop therapeutic tactics, it is necessary to have complete information about the structure of the formed calculi, since it is the chemical elements that make up the basis of the urolith that determine the further steps aimed at removing stones from the kidneys.

When treating urolithiasis, the doctor should individually approach the choice of treatment regimen for each patient.

The basic principles of the treatment of urolithiasis are based on:

1. Corrective action on urine acidity.
2. Compensation for existing metabolic disorders - diet therapy, adequate drinking regimen, exercise therapy.
3. Improving diuresis (stone-expelling tactics).
4. Crushing and subsequent removal of the stone, by the method of distance shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

Changes in the acidity of urine

As you know, an increased concentration of salts in the urine does not necessarily lead to stone formation. The decisive factor that determines the stay of crystals in a dissolved (suspended) form is the acidity of the urine. Normal urine pH is in the range of 5.5-7.0. The impact on this indicator allows not only to prevent relapses of the development of the disease, but also to successfully dissolve existing stones.

So, for example, long-term use of drugs intended for reabsorption of stones (Uralit U, Marelin, Blemaren, Soluran), allows you to completely dissolve kidney stones within 2-3 months. Unfortunately, a similar effect is observed only with the treatment of stones consisting of uric acid.

In relation to formations of other types, the dissolution tactic is not effective enough and is rather supportive in nature, which does not allow completely removing the calculus.

The drug Uralit U is a citrate mixture that has an alkalizing effect on urine and helps to remove uric acid stones.

Due to the high likelihood of side effects, it is important to conduct an examination to clarify the following questions before prescribing treatment:

1. Are there any concomitant diseases.
2. Are there any abnormalities in kidney and liver function?
3. The likely degree of effectiveness of the selected drug.
4. Are there any side effects from taking the drug?

The main criterion for the effectiveness of stone-dissolving therapy is an increase in the acid-base balance of urine to 6.3-6.9.

Normalization of metabolic processes

The purpose of therapeutic measures aimed at removing kidney stones is to eliminate metabolic disorders, as a result of which, an increase in the concentration of salts in the urine occurs.

Diet therapy

The therapeutic effect of diet therapy is to reduce the amount of salts in the urine by limiting their intake with food. Correction of the diet depends on the characteristics of the available stones. So, to normalize purine metabolism (with uric acid stones), it is recommended to completely exclude from the diet:

• fried or smoked meat;
• legumes;
• strong meat broths;
• alcohol;
• coffee;
• cocoa;
• spices.

With a combination of diet therapy and reabsorbing drugs (citrate mixtures), small stones are completely removed within 3 months and large ones within 6 months.

Urolith is considered large if it has a diameter of more than 0.5 cm.

To normalize the metabolism of oxalic acid (with calcium oxalate stones), it is necessary to limit the use of:

• cheese;
• milk and dairy products;
• salad;
• sorrel;
• strawberries;
• spinach;
• chocolate;
• cocoa.

As an adjunct to dietary therapy for oxalate stones, it is advisable to use the following drugs:

• a complex of B vitamins;
• citrate mixtures (Uralit U, Blemaren);
• magnesium oxide.

The daily fluid intake for all forms of urolithiasis should not be less than 2.5 liters.

The diet for calcium phosphate stones is to limit the use of foods containing increased amounts of calcium (dairy products) and phosphorus (fish).

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy exercises for urolithiasis has a number of positive effects on the general condition of the body:

• helps to normalize metabolic processes;
• enhances blood supply to the kidneys;
• improves diuresis;
• promotes the elimination of kidney stones.

The set of therapeutic exercises includes the elements shown in the pictures below.

Active warm-up in a standing position

Exercises lying on your back with bending or turning the knees around the axis of your own body

Squats

Daily outdoor jogging, cycling, and swimming also have a positive effect.

Stone Banishing Tactics

The essence of stone-exorcising tactics is to influence the body with a group of medications, the purpose of which is to expel stones from the kidneys. Such an approach to treatment is advisable when small stones are found that can, without damage to the body, overcome narrow fragments of the urinary tract (ureters, urethra).

The complex of medicines used to remove calculi include:

• diuretics;
• antispasmodics (No-shpa, Baralgin, Papaverine);
• anti-inflammatory drugs (antibiotics, antibacterial drugs).

An intensive drinking regimen in combination with diuretics improves urine flow, and antispasmodics relax the smooth muscles of the urinary tract, allowing the calculus to be quickly removed without causing pain.

If the size of the calculus does not exceed 0.5 cm, stone-expelling therapy is used for cystine stones, since even a 6-month course of citrates does not always contribute to even their partial dissolution.

Herbal preparations are highly effective in removing stones. The herbs in kidney tea have the same effect as medicines and have significantly fewer side effects. To date, many phytopreparations are produced that are widely used in the treatment of urolithiasis:

• Kanephron N;
• Phytolysin;
• Urolesan;
• Cyston.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the latest advance in modern medicine to remove kidney stones without surgery. With the help of DLT, stones of any type and almost any size can be removed. The essence of the method lies in the destruction of calculus by exposing it to short pulses of various types of energy.

The direction of exposure of the device is corrected using an X-ray machine or ultrasound. By the end of the procedure, the stone is destroyed to small fragments that can independently exit through the ureters and urethra.

The procedure is carried out in a hospital, followed by a short period of hospitalization, during which, with the help of stone-expelling therapy, crushed fragments of calculus are removed.

However, despite its effectiveness, the method of SWL is not able to protect against the recurrence of the disease. Therefore, in order to cure urolithiasis, it is not enough just to remove kidney stones, an integrated approach is needed, including giving up bad habits, eating healthy foods and increasing physical activity.

The doctor tells the patient how to remove stones from the kidneys. In no case should you do this on your own, since calculi are characterized by a different chemical composition, depending on which medicines and alternative methods of treatment are selected. The chaotic use of different methods of alternative medicine can not only not bring any benefit to the patient, but also further aggravate the situation. However, it should be remembered that folk remedies are able to cope with small stones. If the calculi have reached large sizes and completely occupy the renal pelvis or blocked the ureter, alternative medicine will be powerless. In this case, the only way out of the situation may be invasive and non-invasive methods of treatment.

Role of diet

Removing kidney stones begins with determining the causes of their occurrence and eliminating these factors. In addition, all possible measures should be taken to prevent their further formation in the human body.

That is why, in the first place, it is necessary to strictly follow a special diet. It should be developed by a specialist, since the success of the application depends on how correctly the chemical composition is determined - urate, oxalate or phosphate formations.

Drinking plenty of fluids is essential for successfully clearing kidney stones. The minimum amount per day should be at least 3 liters of filtered water. You can also drink drinks based on it - compotes, jelly, teas, mineral waters, etc. The increased use of liquid will help reduce the concentration of urine, which is an effective prevention of sedimentation on the pelvis and other structures of chemical compounds. In addition, sand begins to be intensively excreted from the patient's body together with urine, which helps cleanse the kidneys.

Depending on the chemical structure of calculi, there are certain restrictions and dietary recommendations:

1. How to expel kidney stones from urate nature? First of all, you need to remove fatty meat and offal from the daily diet. The ban also includes a variety of pickles (cucumbers, tomatoes), as well as legumes, peas and beans. It is not recommended to eat sweets, it is strictly forbidden to drink any coffee and strong tea. When developing a menu, emphasis should be placed on dairy and vegetable foods. You need to drink juices, fruit drinks and alkaline water (Borjomi).
2. Phosphate kidney stones respond better to treatment by limiting dairy and herbal ingredients. The exceptions are pumpkin, Brussels sprouts, legumes and a variety of sour berries. You can eat them in unlimited quantities. The diet should definitely include meat, fish, vegetable and butter. You need to pay attention to foods rich in vitamin A, which will help remove kidney stones. You can drink sour juices and mineral water ("Truskavetskaya").
3. How to remove stones of oxalate etiology? First of all, products with high acidity should be excluded from the menu. These are sorrel, beets, spinach and other vegetables, which contain a large amount of oxalic acid. The use of dairy products, sweets, coffee and strong tea is not recommended. It is advisable to limit the consumption of fruits such as lemons, tangerines, oranges, rose hips and sour apples, which are rich in ascorbic acid. It is imperative to include nuts, cereals, and legumes in the daily diet. This is necessary in order for the human body to receive a sufficient amount of magnesium, calcium and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6). You can diversify the menu with meat, cabbage, potatoes and other vegetables.

Traditional methods of treating oxalate formations

How to get rid of kidney stones at home? It should be remembered that in no case should you start therapy without consulting a specialist. Depending on the chemical nature of the formations, those treatments that will help cope with urate calculi will lead to an increase in the size of phosphate or oxalate stones. As a result, instead of the expected positive result from the therapy, the situation can be further worsened.

Cleansing the kidneys from oxalate accumulations is successfully carried out with the help of watermelon. This is not only tasty but also healthy treatment. Within 2 weeks, the patient should eat a large number of watermelons. It is imperative to include some black bread in the diet. Watermelons have pronounced diuretic properties, due to which the kidneys are cleared of sand. At the same time, calculi may decrease slightly in size, although they will not completely go away. Since the processes of urination are most intense in the evening, it is advisable to take a warm bath during this period in order to relieve spasm of the ureters and accelerate the excretion of sand and small stones.

The removal of stones will help to carry out grapes. For these purposes, you can use not only the fruits themselves, but also young branches and antennae. Using parts of the bush, they need to be crushed, 1 tsp. pour 200 ml of boiling water, put on fire and boil for 2-3 minutes. Insist the remedy for several hours, strain and drink 50 ml 4 times a day before use. A new medicine should be prepared every day. Treatment with decoctions of grapes is carried out for 1-2 months.

See also this video, from it you will learn in more detail about kidney disease and their prevention and treatment:

Fight phosphate calculus

How to get rid of kidney stones without surgery? To remove phosphate formations, infusions prepared on the basis of the roots of plants that prefer stony soils will help. These include wild rose, barberry, knotweed, and thigh saxifrage. Raw materials must be crushed and 1 tsp. pour 1 glass of boiling water. Insist the remedy for several hours, strain and drink 50-70 ml three times a day 20-30 minutes before meals.

How to remove a kidney stone? Herbal preparations based on medicinal plants show good results. To prepare the infusion, it is necessary to combine 2 parts of birch leaves and corn stigmas, 1 part each of juniper berries, serpentine root, burdock and steel. Take 1 tbsp. l. mixture, pour 200 ml of hot water and simmer for 10-15 minutes. Drink 1 glass 3 times a day instead of tea.

For cleaning from stones, it is advisable to use another medicinal collection. It contains tricolor violet, St. John's wort, bird's wort, larkspur and dandelion root, mixed in equal proportions. The medicine must be prepared every day - pour 5 tbsp. l. collecting 1 liter of boiling water, wrap and insist for 2-3 hours. Drink renal collection for 1 glass 3-4 times a day.

To fight phosphates, madder tincture will help. It is easy to prepare it yourself: pour 50 g of ground root into a glass container and pour 450 ml of 70 ° alcohol. The product should be infused for 3 weeks. Shake the bottle periodically to mix well. Drinking the medicine should be 20 drops after meals 3-4 times a day. The therapeutic course is 7-10 days, after which it is imperative to take a break of the same duration. An increase in the recommended dosage or an unauthorized extension of treatment threatens with a massive discharge of stones. From madder dye, you can make not only a tincture, but also an infusion. This dosage form also helps in getting rid of phosphate formations quite well.

Do not self-medicate - check with your doctor

How to get rid of urate stones?

How to remove kidney stones with folk remedies? If the formations have a urate chemical structure, non-traditional treatment should be started with the use of oats. To do this, rinse the grains well from the husks, pour a few tablespoons into a thermos, pour boiling water over and leave overnight. In the morning, grind the prepared porridge through a sieve and eat it for breakfast. It is advisable to use it in its pure form, without adding salt or sugar.

Remove kidney stones of urate etiology and herbal infusions. The necessary healing properties are possessed by a collection based on 2 parts of currant and strawberry leaves, to which you must add 1 part of the grass of the mountaineer. Grind the components, 1 tbsp. l. dry mass pour 200 ml of boiling water and insist, and strain before use. Drink renal collection should be 2 tbsp. l. 20-30 minutes before meals several times a day.

Herbal infusions, which are used to reduce the size and remove kidney stones of various chemical nature, have not only diuretic and dissolving properties. They have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and other beneficial effects.

Treatment with folk methods, as well as with medications, must be carried out under medical supervision. In no case should you choose recipes yourself in order to get rid of the problem. Long-term use of diuretic preparations can not only clear the kidneys from small stones and sand, but also move rather large stones from their place. This threatens the occurrence of renal colic and blockage of the ureter, which is fraught with serious complications. In addition, at the end of the course of treatment, it is imperative to undergo control laboratory tests and instrumental examination methods in order to assess the success of the therapy.

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Content

Urolithiasis has become a disease from which a huge percentage of sick people in the world suffer. This, at first glance, a harmless disease often outgrows a serious pathology, therefore, it is necessary to start the fight against the disease as early as possible. Specify the available diagnostic methods and methods for removing stone formation from the kidneys.

Symptoms of kidney stones in women and men

Urolithiasis, according to the ICD, is a pathology in which stones are formed in all parts of the urinary system. It develops due to metabolic disorders. Kidney stones are formed both from grains of sand, and from their associations, and sometimes cover the entire part of the pelvic-cup system. This pathology is called coral nephrolithiasis, which is formed when there are high concentrations of certain substances in the urine, for example, calcium oxalate, phosphate compounds, ammonium or uric acid.

Over time, small stones, several millimeters in size, are excreted in the urine absolutely painlessly. Large stone formation (up to 15 cm) cannot go out on their own without surgery. They are often determined by chance when an ultrasound scan is done for other reasons. Symptoms of urolithiasis include:

• lumbar pain;
• pain when urinating;
• renal colic;
• high pressure;
• blood and cloudy urine;
• increased body temperature;
• swelling of the limbs.

Treating kidney stones at home

How to remove all kidney stones is not a problem to find out: more often the patient is sent to the doctor. It is very difficult to cure them on your own without consequences. Pebbles can be dissolved only at the initial stage of formation - by means of a therapeutic diet, the correct regimen of physical activity and taking medications. If the dissolution did not give results, then stone formation is removed from the kidneys by crushing using ultrasonic shock waves. The last resort measure is surgery. This is the only option if the rocks have transformed into coral deposits.

Folk remedies

You can try to get rid of kidney stones at home using old recipes. It is highly discouraged to do this without consulting a doctor. If the formation is large, it can get stuck in the ureter, and the patient can lose consciousness from painful shock. If the ultrasound showed the initial phase of stone formation, then it is possible to successfully use the following herbs for the kidneys:

1. An ancient folk method of getting rid of small kidney stones is the regular use of red beet juice (freshly squeezed). The recipe for its preparation is simple: wash the dark beets, peel them from the peel, cut into pieces, use a juicer or grate yourself and strain through cheesecloth.
2. An excellent remedy for kidney stones is knotweed. Take 1 tbsp. l. dried herbs, pour boiling water (200 ml), keep in a water bath for up to half an hour. After the broth, cool, strain, drink. Take 1 glass of broth daily for a month.
3. The sand in the kidneys will go away if you regularly drink cranberry juice. This is an excellent diuretic, which is easy to prepare yourself: take a glass of cranberries, mash, drain the juice, and fill the pomace with water (1500 ml). Boil for 5 minutes, then mix with juice. To cleanse the kidneys, consume 1 glass of the drink daily.

Drugs

After visiting a urologist and classifying stone deposits (by shape, type), the doctor may prescribe the following medications that can drive them out and get rid of pain:

• "Avisan" - to relieve renal colic at home. The recommended dose is up to 100 mg 4 times / day.
• "Blemaren" - for dissolving stones and alkalizing urine. Use 2 to 6 tablets per day as directed by your doctor.
• "Potassium citrate" - for the removal of calcium stones. The daily dose is up to 100 mg. Prescribe with caution during pregnancy.
• "Kanephron" - to block inflammatory processes, increase the excretion of uric acid, cleanse the kidneys from free radicals. It is supposed to be treated according to an individual scheme of courses. Take 50 drops 3 times / day.
• "Asparkam" - to maintain the concentration of potassium, which removes phosphate and uric acid salts. Drink after meals 2 tablets 3 times / day, the course is one month.

Diet

After determining the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a diet based on the chemical composition of stone formation, so it cannot be the same for all patients. General recommendations include an increase in the volume of liquid up to 2 l / day (plain or mineral water with an alkaline reaction). This will maintain the normal level of daily urine output. And so that the body does not retain water, reduce the salt intake to a minimum.

How to remove oxalate kidney stones with a diet? First of all, remove oxalic acid foods: eggplants, tomatoes, potatoes, leafy green vegetables, garlic, beans, soy products, nuts. It is allowed to eat meat, fish, eggs, honey, mushrooms, oatmeal, wheat bread. Healthy products such as cabbage, radishes, red peppers, watermelons, melons are appropriate in the menu.

Nutrition for calcium stone formation is recommended with a reduction in dairy products, meat. If phosphate formations appear, then the food should provide a change in alkaline urine to acidic. In this case, the diet for kidney stones includes lard, offal, legumes, cereals, seeds. A steadily observed diet, prescribed individually by a nephrologist, will greatly facilitate the course of the disease.

Operation

Modern medicine offers several methods for removing stones. If the formations are found to be large, then surgical intervention is indispensable. When it is too late to crush, endoscopic surgical removal of stones (laparoscopy) by several punctures is used. The lesions are removed outward with an endoscope or washed out into the lower parts of the urinary system with an antiseptic solution under local anesthesia. The operation costs from 5 to 10 thousand rubles.

Although laparoscopy is preferable to abdominal surgery, there are situations when it is possible to determine urolithiasis late, and kidney stones appear long ago and reach 15 cm. Such an intervention is performed through dissection of the renal pelvis. The cost of a lane operation can be up to 30 thousand rubles, as it requires a highly qualified surgeon. There is a risk of damage to internal organs and bleeding after the intervention.

What to do when a kidney stone comes up

The first sign that a kidney stone is coming from a kidney is pain when urinating. You should not panic, but see a doctor. In the absence of a doctor, first aid is as follows:

1. Take any antispasmodic (No-shpa, Papaverine).
2. Drink or inject a pain reliever (Ketanov, Baralgin).
3. Sit in a hot bath and drink plenty of water or any diuretic while sitting in it.
4. Exit the bathroom after 20 minutes. Perform active actions (crouch, run up the stairs) so that the stone finds a way out.
5. When urinating, watch for when the stone falls out.
6. To make sure that the stone has come out, go for an ultrasound so that the photo shows the absence of formations in the kidneys.

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Urolithiasis is one of the most common pathologies in urological practice. In order to remove kidney stones, two directions of treatment are used: conservative and operative. Compliance with dietary recommendations in order to change the acidity of urine plays an important role.

Many factors affect the formation of kidney stones. Most often, metabolic disorders or a genetic predisposition to pathology leads to urolithiasis. Metabolism is disrupted as a result of a sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. These two factors lead to the deposition of salts in the kidneys, which, under the influence of predisposing factors or with their significant accumulation, combine into conglomerates, forming stones. This also includes the poor quality of water (hard and dirty) and hot living conditions, which contribute to the deposition of salts.

Often, the formation of stones occurs against the background of stagnation of urine, which is associated with an abnormal structure of the organs of the urinary system or their infectious and inflammatory diseases. Also, often diseases of the organs of the endocrine system, a violation of their secretory function lead to a violation of metabolic processes, as a result of which there is an accumulation of salts in the body.

Urolithiasis symptoms

The formation of kidney stones is accompanied by pain in the lower back from the side of the diseased organ. Often there is renal colic, which is characterized as a sharp, acute girdle pain in the lower back and abdomen.

An important symptom is diuresis disorder: pain during urination, a decrease in the volume of urine and a change in its color, which is associated with an increase in the level of red blood cells, a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

The exit of the stone is accompanied by the occurrence of renal colic, bouts of nausea and vomiting, fever, flatulence, diarrhea and false urge to use the toilet.

Treatment directions

The choice of therapy depends on the chemical and organic origin of the calculi and their size. When choosing a method of treatment, the doctor takes into account the data on the patient's health, obtained in the course of diagnostic measures. It is also important to take into account the presence of chronic diseases and the development of possible complications.

It is possible to remove stones from the kidneys with the help of medications, the action of which is aimed at dissolving and removing calculi from the organs of the urinary system. An important place is occupied by diet therapy, which involves adjusting the diet in accordance with the chemical composition of the stones. During treatment, you must drink enough fluids and lead an active lifestyle.

Surgical treatment is carried out in one of two directions: minimally invasive operations and open abdominal. The latter method is used extremely rarely, as it causes many complications and requires a long recovery period.

Conservative therapy

Based on the results of the diagnostic data, the doctor decides how to remove kidney stones with the help of medication. For this, drugs are used to enhance urine output and change the acidity of urine.

The acidity of urine plays a significant role in the formation and dissolution of calculi. Normal urine acidity ranges from 5.5 to 7.0 units. When its level changes, there is an accumulation of stones in the urinary organs. In order to dissolve the neoplasm and prevent the development of relapses, it is necessary to normalize this indicator.

To dissolve urates, the doctor may recommend Solemok, Urodan, Uralit-U, Blemaren, Purinol and others. Regular intake of one or more drugs for 2-3 months helps to cope with urolithiasis and prevent its recurrence.

If phosphate kidney stones are diagnosed, the urologist prescribes Marelin or madder dye extract. The advantage of these drugs is their natural origin and the minimum number of contraindications.

Long-term intake of Marelin, Prolit and Renal fees No. 7 and No. 8 will help to remove oxalates from the kidney. Potassium citrate, Uralit-U, Tiopronin can cope with cystine stones. If xanthine neoplasms form, the doctor prescribes Allopurinol and Oxypurinol.

These drugs help dissolve calculi, and diuretics are used for their better excretion:

• medicinal (Kanephron N, Fitolizin, Urolesan, Cyston);
• natural origin (infusions and decoctions of lingonberry, cranberry and currant);
• ready-made herbal diuretic preparations, which can be purchased at the pharmacy.

To reduce pain, it is allowed to take antispasmodic and analgesic drugs. The most popular are No-Shpa, Baralgin and Papaverin. When the inflammatory process joins, the treatment is supplemented with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Surgical intervention

Surgical intervention is necessary if conservative therapy has not brought positive results or the size of the calculus exceeds the diameter of the ureter. At the same time, the risk of their blockage and the development of an inflammatory process increases, which ultimately can lead to kidney dysfunction. In medical practice, two methods of surgical intervention are used: minimally invasive and open abdominal operations.

It is contraindicated to carry out operations:

• during pregnancy;
• with a low level of hemoglobin and platelets;
• with malignant tumors of the urinary system;
• with cystic kidney formations;
• with aortic aneurysm;
• with inflammatory diseases of the urinary organs.

Types of surgery

In medical practice, the fight against urolithiasis is carried out using remote or contact crushing, as well as an open method. Stones, the size of which does not exceed 2 cm in diameter, are subject to removal in a gentle way. Open abdominal operations are performed if there are contraindications to minimally invasive methods.

Remote lithotripsy is a crushing method that involves the impact of an ultrasonic shock wave on a stone at a distance. Under the influence of the shock wave, the stone is crushed into sand or dust, which allows the particles to escape painlessly with urine.

Contact crushing is the most common method for removing stones. Differs in a fast recovery period. In addition, unlike extracorporeal lithotripsy, it does not harm the organs that are close to the kidneys.

During contact lithotripsy, a camera is inserted into the kidney through a puncture in the lumbar region, which allows tracing the course of the operation, and an instrument with which crushing is performed. There are three methods of contact surgery, depending on the type of shock wave: ultrasound, pneumatic and laser lithotripsy.

Ultrasonic waves are used to crush small stones with low density. Pneumatic crushing is effective for hard and large neoplasms, it involves exposure to a strong air flow. Laser lithotripsy involves the use of laser beams. The advantage of this method is its effectiveness against neoplasms of any chemical and organic origin, regardless of their size and shape.

After crushing with the help of the contact method, the doctor removes large fragments of stones with forceps or inserts a catheter for painless passage of stones.

Open surgery is an extreme method, which is indicated with the complete disappearance of the diuretic function, renal failure, colic, inflammatory and purulent processes in the kidneys, and the opening of renal bleeding.

If necessary, by the decision of the doctor, stenting or percutaneous nephrostomy is used instead of surgery if there are contraindications or before choosing a method of surgical intervention.

A stent is an artificial pathway for urine to drain. The stenting procedure involves placing a tube in or around the ureter, which improves the passage of the stone. Percutaneous nephrostomy is a method of placing a catheter in the kidney to normalize urination and remove stones.

If the diameter of the stone does not exceed the size of the ureter, the doctor tells the patient how to remove kidney stones through diet and exercise. Changes in nutrition will help improve metabolism, in violation of which there is an increase in the concentration and deposition of salts in the kidneys. In addition, a special diet will help reduce the amount of salt supplied with food.

With urates, products with a high concentration of protein (meat, by-products, dairy products, eggs), vegetable oil should be excluded. To dissolve urates, it is necessary to supplement the diet with a large amount of sour vegetables and fruits.

With stones of a phosphate nature, vegetables, fruits and dairy products are subject to restriction. At the same time, it is recommended to give preference to lean meat and fish.

With oxalates, products with ascorbic and oxalic acid and calcium are banned: sour vegetables and fruits, dairy products, potatoes. Fiber, protein, which are found in large quantities in various cereals, meat and dried fruits, will help dissolve oxalates.

In case of impaired cystine metabolism, it is necessary to strictly exclude fish, cottage cheese, eggs, wheat and soy. Give preference to rice, milk, citrus fruits, bananas and milk. With xanthine neoplasms, meat, fish and legumes are excluded from the diet.

In addition, regardless of the nature of the origin of stones, it is necessary to exclude fried, salted, smoked, canned foods, carbonated and sugary drinks, purchased juices, coffee, cocoa and foods with a high content of it.

It is also important to drink more than two liters of clean water per day. Adequate fluid intake promotes faster dissolution and excretion of salts, and also reduces the likelihood of relapse. In addition to water, you can drink homemade fruit drinks, juices, herbal teas, diuretic decoctions and infusions.

Together with the diet, doctors always recommend an active lifestyle and exercise. This will help speed up the metabolism, improve blood flow to the kidneys and the process of urination itself. Together, this will lead to a speedy recovery.

When choosing a gentle therapy, the doctor will also tell you how to get rid of urolithiasis with the help of traditional medicine. In her arsenal there are many means, the action of which is aimed at dissolving stones and their excretion, due to the diuretic effect. However, it is worth remembering that the choice of funds must be based on dietary recommendations in accordance with the chemical origin of solid neoplasms.

Beet juice will help to cope with the disease, which must be cooked and drunk daily until complete recovery. To prepare it, you need to choose a ripe vegetable and pass it through a juicer, blender, meat grinder or grater. Squeeze the resulting mass and strain through cheesecloth. Drink 200 ml daily.

Cranberry and lingonberry juice has an excellent diuretic effect. To prepare it, you need to take the berries together or separately, mash with a fork and drain the juice. Pour the remaining berries without juice with water, bring to a boil. Strain the berry broth and add the juice. Take 200-300 ml per day. When cooking, observe the proportions: 200 g of berries per 1.5 liters of water.

A renal decoction with knotweed will help get rid of kidney stones. To prepare, mix 10 g of dried herbs with a glass of boiling water. Simmer over low heat for 30 minutes. After cooling, strain and drink 200 ml daily for 30 days.

You can get rid of kidney stones through conservative therapy, which involves changing your lifestyle, diet and taking medications. All treatments are selected according to the chemical composition of the stones. If indicated, stones are removed by surgical intervention (laparoscopy or open abdominal surgery).