slide 1
Primroses of our region
slide 2
The main forests of our region are oak forests. From early spring to late autumn, oak forests delight people with their colors.
slide 3
The first spring flowers bloom in the oak forest...
slide 4
With the first rays of the sun from the first thawed patches, the blue snowdrop, the blue flower, pleases us with its blue look. It can only be called a snowdrop conditionally; it is not related to a real snow-white snowdrop. But it really appears immediately from under the snow. In fact, this magnificent plant is called scylla. In nature, there are about 80 species of this flower. In our area, mainly two species have become widespread, Scylla two-leafed and Siberian. Despite the name, Siberian Scylla does not grow in Siberia. It occurs everywhere in the south of the European part of Russia, in the Crimea. Scylla bifolia grows throughout Ukraine and in the European part of Russia. In a word - a flower of a temperate climate. Scilla flower 10-12 cm high. Peduncles with drooping flowers of blue color and its shades, depends on whether the scilla grows in a sunny place or in the shade. The fruit is a box. Leaves linear, small. The bulb is small, 1.5-2 cm in diameter. It begins to bloom in mid-March, in our area, it happens earlier, sometimes later. The blueberry flower is guided by the weather
These are bluish-blue scillas
slide 5
slide 6
Family Dymyankovye (Fumariaceae). Here is a group of corydalis, which belong to the early spring tuberous ephemeroids.
Lilac corydalis
Corydalis tuber is a wide, rounded root. The tuber is perennial and as it grows, it not only increases in size, but also becomes hollow. The tuber is replaceable and every year a new tuber is laid and grows inside the old tuber, and the old one turns into its shell. The height of the stem of most species is about 20 cm. At the base of the stem there may be one or more light scale-like leaves. The rest of the leaves are green or bluish, usually among the two on the stem, complex, repeatedly divided into small segments - leaflets. The flowers are collected in brushes at the tops of the stems and are accompanied by bracts. The flower is long, irregular, with 4 petals. The upper petal forms at the base a long sac-like outgrowth - a spur. Two inner petals connected together protrude slightly, like a spout, between the lapels of the outer ones. These species bloom in late April - early May, and in June the aerial part dies off completely.
Slide 7
Slide 8
Perennial herbaceous plant. Bulb one, oblong-ovate, with brownish-gray shells. The stem is dense, bare, 15-25 cm high. The basal leaf is flat, solitary, exceeds the inflorescence, broadly linear, 3-9 mm wide, shortly pointed, with a conspicuous apex; upper - linear or lanceolate, keeled below. Inflorescence umbellate. Flowers 2-16 on uneven erect pedicels; tepals oblong or linear-oblong, 10-16 mm long, greenish outside, yellow inside; external greenish-yellow, obtuse. Stamens half as long as tepals, anthers ovate; ovary obovate. The fruit is a trihedral membranous capsule. Blooms in April. The fruits ripen in May-June. Flowers that bloom earlier within the inflorescence are larger and produce more seeds. Later blooming flowers produce few seeds or sometimes remain sterile, serving as pollen donors. That is, there is a weakly pronounced shift towards dichotomy.
yellow goose onion
Slide 9
Slide 10
Lungwort, or pulmonaria (Pulmonaria) is a forest rhizome plant from the borage family (Boraginaceae) with oblong leaves covered with a small fluff. Lungworts come from the deciduous forests and foothills of Europe and East Asia. The Russian name "lungwort" is given to the plant for the abundance of honey - sweet nectar in its flowers. The Latin name "pulmonaria" was derived from the word "lung", as it was believed that the leaves of the plant help to cure coughs and lung diseases. In modern pharmacology, lungwort is almost never used, and in folk medicine it is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for certain diseases, for bleeding.
blue-violet lungwort
slide 11
slide 12
Violet (lat. Viola) is a genus of plants of the Violet family (Violaceae). About five hundred (according to some sources - more than seven hundred) species are known, growing mainly in the Northern Hemisphere - in the mountains and in regions with a temperate climate.
Violet
Members of the genus Violet are found in most temperate regions of the world; the highest concentration of species is found in North America, the Andes and Japan. Many species are characteristic endemic plants of the South American Andes; a small number of species are found in subtropical Brazil, in tropical and South Africa (in the Cape region); Australia, New Zealand, Sandwich Islands.
Viola tricolor is used in medicine (lat. Herba Jacea, Herba Violae tricoloris), as a diuretic, antiallergic, antipyretic.
slide 13
Slide 14
May lily of the valley is a perennial herbaceous plant of the lily family with a creeping branched rhizome and thin roots at the nodes. The underground rhizome is not thicker than a goose feather, near the top it bears several pale small lower leaves, half-hidden in the ground. Shoots consisting of 3-6 vaginal leaves extend from the tops and side branches of the rhizome. The leaves of the lily of the valley are basal, long-petiolate with an oblong-elliptical pointed leaf blade, thin, entire, bright green, gray-gray on the upper side, and shiny on the lower side. The flower arrow is smooth, triangular in the upper part, 15-20 cm high. The perianth is snow-white with six teeth slightly recurved. Inside the flower, the pistil is surrounded by six stamens on short filaments attached at the base of the perianth. The plant has a strong but pleasant aroma, and it blooms from late May to June. The fruit is a juicy three-celled spherical orange-red berry that ripens in August - September. The plant is poisonous
May lily of the valley
slide 15
slide 16
It is one of the most visible spring plants. In early spring, fleshy cone-shaped tubers develop leaves of a basal rosette, heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, serrated or serrated along the edge, juicy, with an oily shiny surface. Sometimes they spread on the surface of the soil with a whole carpet. A weakly branched stem bears larger leaves similar to basal ones. The flowers are located at the ends of the stems, solitary, similar to bright yellow stars, the upper side of the petals is oily, shiny. In the axils of the upper leaves, brood nodules (they look like wheat grains) are often formed, which serve for vegetative propagation. As they mature, they fall off and develop into new young plants. Sometimes there are so many of these white nodules that when the soil is washed away by spring rains, it seems that wheat has been sown in some areas. Because it is one of the first spring plants to contain vitamin C, it has long been used as a so-called blood-purifying spring salad. The plant has a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, mild laxative, analgesic, wound-healing effect and the ability to thin thick sputum when coughing.
Chistyak spring
Slide 17
Slide 18
Primula (primrose) real, or spring, or medicinal - Primula veris I. (Primula officinalis (L.) Hill) is a perennial herbaceous plant from the primrose family (Primulaceae) with a short oblique rhizome, numerous cord-like adventitious roots, a rosette of leaves and leafless flowering stems - arrows. Leaves with oblong-ovate wrinkled plates, 5-20 cm long and 2-6 cm wide, crenate along the edge, suddenly narrowed into a short petiole. Flowering stems 10 to 30 cm high, ending in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence of drooping flowers. Calyx of 5 green fused sepals, tubular-bell-shaped, 8-15 mm long, dissected by one third, angular-faceted. Corolla 5-lobed, bright yellow, with a long tube and a flat limb up to 15 mm in diameter. Stamens 5. Pistil with upper ovary. Cross pollination is carried out by insects. The fruit is an ovoid capsule up to 1.5 cm long, with numerous small seeds. Primrose real - a plant, the main development of which takes place in the first half of the growing season. This is also evidenced by the name, although it somewhat exaggerates the features of this plant - the first flowers in our conditions do not appear in the primrose, but in the coltsfoot and the so-called "snowdrops". Primrose blooms in May, and in June the fruits ripen and seeding occurs. The rest of the summer, the plant has only leaves on the surface.
Primrose
Slide 19
Slide 20
In the old days, adonis (Adonis vernalis L.) was called “locking herb” (at that time, edema was called “water constipation”). Among the people, this herb is also known under other names: yellow flower, yellow-thousand, upland outcast, field dill, swimmer, hare poppy, mohnatik, hair grass, snowdrop, consumable, starodubka, Montenegrin, etc. Adonis belongs to the buttercup family and, like her ranunculus, poisonous. It is not eaten by livestock, and the lands where it is often found are bypassed by shepherds. Several types of adonis grow on the territory of our country: spring, summer, Turkestan, Amur and golden. Some of these species have proven to be valuable medicinal plants. It is no coincidence that adonis has long been used in folk medicine in many countries. There is evidence that spring adonis was used in Russian folk medicine as early as the 14th century. The first study of its effect on the body was carried out in our country in the clinic of S. P. Botkin in 1880 by the doctor N. A. Bubnov. After the publication of the results of these studies, adonis began to be used as an effective remedy for heart diseases.
Adonis
slide 21
slide 22
Backache (dream-grass) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a straight, hairy, erect stem from 5 to 40 cm tall. Basal leaves of the lumbago are petiolate, tripartite, with wedge-shaped, two- or three-cut leaves and incised, linear-oblong lobules, hairy, filigree, collected in a rosette. Sleep-grass flowers are bell-shaped, solitary, very large, wide open or drooping, with numerous stamens, densely pubescent outside, purple, light purple, yellow, rarely white or red, bloom before or simultaneously with leaves, in early spring, sometimes in early summer. The fruits of the lumbago - nuts covered with long hairs - are also decorative. Sleep-grass is a plant listed in the Red Book. In ancient times, it was believed that sleep-grass is a magical, magical flower. Plants also have medicinal properties.
Lumbago
slide 23
slide 24
Distributed from the tundra to the steppe zone of Europe, in Western Siberia, and outside Russia in Scandinavia. Previously, the European swimsuit belonged to ordinary plants of the middle zone, but now, due to extermination on bouquets, it is less and less common. The characteristic habitats of the European swimsuit are the edges of mixed forests, damp forest glades, meadows. The swimsuit in the mass grows among shrubs in forb meadows. Propagated mainly by seeds. Pollinated by bumblebees, bees, flies, small beetles.
European bathing suit
Slide 25
slide 26
Marsh marigold is one of the elegant primroses, marking the awakening of nature after winter sleep. On a sunny April day, our eyes are barely able to withstand the triple contrast created by juicy spots of lacquer-shiny emerald marigold leaves and its bright yellow flowers against a dark background of defenselessly bare spring land ... Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) - abundantly growing along the banks of reservoirs , in marshy swampy lowlands, in swampy forests and meadows, a perennial ornamental flowering plant of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).
Marsh marigold
Slide 27
Slide 28
Early flowering trees and shrubs
Slide 29
(Alnus), a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of the birch family (Betulaceae). The natural range covers the regions of the cold and temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere and reaches Chile along the Andes. They grow mainly in forest swamps, along rivers and streams, as well as in the highlands, where they often belong to the dominant vegetation. This is one of the first woody plants that settle on stone placers that were exposed during the retreat of the glacier. Most species flower before the leaves unfold, and the appearance of their dangling male catkins is one of the earliest signs of spring. Short erect female earrings, as the fruits ripen (by the next spring), turn into woody cones. The genus contains approx. 40 species, of which 10 are in North America. In the east of the USA and Canada, small serrated alder (A. serrulata), gray alder, or white, or spruce alder (A. incana) grow, which is also widespread in Eurasia, the northern species is curly alder (A. crispa) and seaside alder (A. maritima), found from the Atlantic coast to southern Oklahoma. Interestingly, flowering in the latter species ends in late summer or early autumn. Among the species of alder distributed west of the Rocky Mountains, the largest are rhomboid alder (A. rhombifolia) and red alder (A. rubra), which, sometimes reaching 30 m in height, grows from California to Alaska. The latter species is distinguished by double-serrated leaves, rather large cones 1.3-2.5 cm long on short orange legs and dark red fluffy wintering buds. This is the main breed of the Pacific coast, used in the manufacture of furniture. In the east of the United States, another tree species from Eurasia has naturalized in some places - black alder, or sticky (A. glutinosa).
Alder
Hazel
slide 34
Slide 35
Elm is a few species of plants from the genus Ilm of the Elm family. Deciduous trees that bloom in early spring before the leaves appear. The best known is the European smooth V. (Ulmus laevis) - a tree up to 35 m tall with fruits (lionfish) on long stalks. In the USSR, it usually grows in broad-leaved forests. Along river floodplains and lake shores, it enters the north into the taiga up to 63°N. sh., to the south - in the semi-desert of the Caspian Sea. Long-lived, frost-resistant, grows on fertile, sufficiently moist soils; used for landscaping cities, when planting reservoirs. V. small-leaved (U. pumila) - a small tree with small, bare, sessile lionfish; in culture it reaches a height of 27 m. Breed of open habitats, fast-growing, drought-resistant, salt-resistant; not susceptible to Dutch elm disease. It grows in arid regions of Asia, in the south of Europe, in North America and Argentina. It is used in protective plantings and for landscaping. V. large-fruited (U. macrocarpa) - a short tree with pubescent, large (up to 4 cm), sessile lionfish; cork growths are often formed on the branches; usually settled by root offspring; grows among rocks and along screes along rivers; can be used in erosion control plantings. V. small-leaved and V. large-fruited are Asian species growing wild in Transbaikalia, the Far East, Mongolia, China and the Korean Peninsula. V. thick, or elm (U. densa), is bred in Central Asia and the Transcaucasus. The wood of all woods is used in construction and in the furniture industry.
Elm
slide 36
Slide 37
Poplar is a genus of fast-growing, short-lived trees of the willow family (Salicaceae). Homeland - the Northern Hemisphere, where poplars grow from the Arctic to the subtropics. The sizes vary from medium to large: in many species, the maximum height is about 30 m, and the diameter of the trunk reaches 2.4 m. Poplar is characterized by a pale velvety bark of young shoots and a rough, deeply cracked bark of old trunks. The leaves are wide on long petioles. Flowers in cylindrical catkins bloom in spring before leaves: on some trees staminate (male), on others - pistillate (female). The capsule-shaped fruit contains numerous small seeds covered with long silky hairs (poplar fluff) and carried by the wind. Balsam poplar (P. balsamifera, or P. tacamahaca) grows from Labrador to Chukotka, from New England to North Dakota and in the Rocky Mountains. It is often found along rivers in the prairies of northwestern Canada and is the largest tree in the American Subarctic. Its height is up to 27 m, the leaves are thick, ovate, up to 13 cm long. The underside is white.
Poplar
Slide 38
Slide 39
Perhaps no other plants evoke as many emotions as. Spring teases with the first truly warm rays of the sun, the first thawed patches and timid streams, but it is the primroses that have appeared, these small but very bold plants that speak of the final arrival of spring.
Perhaps primroses do not please with a special richness of colors or duration of flowering, but almost all of them are very undemanding to care for. It is important only in the fall to choose the right place for them to land. Primroses (both bulbous and rhizomatous) prefer places with good lighting and moist soil, but without stagnant water. If bulbous primroses, so that they please with flowering in spring, must be planted in autumn (exception - hyacinths and crocuses), then hellebore or lungwort can be planted in the spring.
Advice! Primrose plants must be planted in company with perennials, which will replace them after flowering ends.
Let us consider in more detail which flowers will be the first to fill the garden with flowering after hibernation.
Snowdrop
- Other name - galanthus. A very cold-resistant plant that appears in the garden, the snow has just melted. In spring, it blooms one of the first, even frosts cannot greatly damage flowering.
Snowdrop, like other types of small-bulbous, is not picky about the soil, but prefers loose, moist, nutritious soil, well-drained, with stagnant water, the bulb dies. The best place for planting is under trees, under shrubs, which do not create a dense shade in early spring.
Advice! Watering will be required only if the winter was not snowy, and the spring is very dry.
Snowdrop is an ephemeroid, the aerial part of the plant dies off after a short vegetative period. Propagate - baby bulbs, the best period for transplantation is July-September.
Scilla
Another flowers that many associate with spring, although they are considered to be forest dwellers, where blooming blueberries form sky-blue lakes in the clearings. But these spring primroses will find their place in the garden - in rockeries, alpine slides. Blue scillas on the lawn, among the still bare bushes and trees, will look great.
The Siberian blueberry is the most famous among us - it blooms at the end of March, it is easy to recognize it by its piercing blue bell-shaped flowers. But varietal species are much more diverse - they can be white, blue, purple and even pale pink.
Scillas are bulbous perennials, non-capricious and independent plants, the best place for which will be the canopy of an orchard, with loose and fairly fertile soil. They reproduce perfectly both by self-sowing and by dividing the bulbs, and can comfortably grow in the same place for decades. Fairly winter-hardy, but it is better to cover the place where they grow with an armful of foliage for the winter.
crocuses
Botanical species bloom first (it may even be the end of February), later - in April - numerous hybrids of crocuses. The best thing crocuses look in a group - this makes their bright colors even more expressive and noticeable. You can both combine different types of crocuses, and combine them with other primroses.
Crocuses look especially expressive against the background of stones, the contrast of delicate flowers and strict boulders looks decorative, which is why these spring flowers are invariably planted in. Crocuses look great on lawn, but it should be noted that it will be possible to start mowing the grass only after the leaves have completely withered.
Advice! Spring-flowering crocuses are planted in the fall, while they feel equally good both in the sun and in the shade, but in sunny areas the flowering will be more abundant, and the flowers will be brighter. Like other bulbs, they prefer loose and permeable soils; when water stagnates, the bulbs rot.
Care is minimal, there is no need to dig up crocuses annually for the winter. Withered flowers are removed so that they do not spoil the beauty of the composition. For the winter, the place of their growth can be mulched with foliage or compost. Crocuses, like other bulbs, are propagated by daughter shoots-bulbs - having planted one, after 2-3 years their dense nest will appear in this place.
Advice! If you want crocuses to bloom early, plant them in the sunniest place, where the snow will melt first.
Iridodictium
These flowers are also called irises-snowdrops, they bloom in early spring, as soon as the snow melts. These are frost-resistant bulbous perennials, although in appearance they resemble ordinary irises. They are low, but very attractive and graceful, with bright original color flowers (pale blue, purple, blue, cyan, purple, red, orange) with a diameter of 5 to 7 cm, with a fancy ornament of spots and stripes on the petals.
On a note! Due to their small (up to 10 cm) growth, they are perfect for rocky gardens; at the time of flowering (March-April), they will make an excellent company for other bulbs. On the lawn, it is better to plant them in a group; in a single landing, it will be too inconspicuous.
Caring for iridodictium almost completely repeats caring for tulips. They love light, well-drained, nutritious soils, but most importantly, they are very sun-loving, this is very important to consider when choosing a place to plant. For the summer, it is better to dig out the bulbs, the main sign for this is the leaves that have begun to die off. They are planted simultaneously with tulips, in early autumn. The best propagation method is vegetative, one adult bulb usually produces 1-2 replacement bulbs.
Vesennik
- The origin of this name is a translation from the Latin name - Eranthis (Eranthis) , which means "spring" and "flower".
Often these are the very first spring flowers, which are ahead of even frost-resistant snowdrops. Single flowers (yellow, cup-shaped, no more than 3 cm in diameter) sometimes just make their way through the snow, accompanied by graceful bronze-green leaves. Flowering lasts about 2 weeks.
- Supervisor:
- Novikova O.S.
- Primary school teacher
- MBOU Lugovskoy secondary school
- Find out why these plants are called primroses?
- Are only herbaceous plants primroses?
- Who needs primroses in nature?
- Why are these plants protected?
- Observations in nature: learning to compare and recognize.
- Looking at pictures, working with an encyclopedia, with books about plants.
- The study of the ecological situation in the village of Lugovoe.
- Let's draw for ourselves: what I learned and what I learned.
- I believe that primroses are protected because of the wrong actions of man.
- A man plucks the first flowers into bouquets.
- In a meadow, in a forest, a man tramples plants.
- Many plants are used as medicinal.
- There are still bare trees in the forest, and lungwort and anemone are blooming under the trees. Their flowers delight the human eye. The hand reaches out to pick this flower.
- Earrings hang on some trees, although there are no leaves.
- Trees also have primroses. Made sketches. At home I will work with the encyclopedia and find out what kind of trees they are.
- As soon as the snow melts in some places, the first spring plants, white, yellow, pink, blue, immediately reach for the light. These are primroses - amazing plants that have adapted to bloom when there is still no foliage on the trees in the forest, and every warm ray of sunlight reaches the ground itself. These plants have evolved important adaptations for early spring flowering.
- Primroses are often insect pollinated plants. Their bright flowers are clearly visible when the lower tiers of a leafless forest are well lit. They usually bloom already in April (in some warm years - from the end of March) to mid-May. Thus, they all belong to the early spring flora. Sometimes these plants are also called primroses.
- Blue as the sky, flowers, small, quiet, gently smelling.
- A long time ago, when life was just beginning on Earth and everything around was covered with snow, one snowflake risked turning into a flower to warm the Earth. There was no one else to do it. Snowdrop warmed the Earth, and life appeared on it. Snowdrops come to us directly from the realm of blizzards and snow.
- This is a small herbaceous plant 10-25 cm high. The plant got its name due to its leaves, the lower surface of which is warm, velvety, and it is compared with the mother, and the upper one is cold, smooth, it is compared with the stepmother.
- It is also called the witch flower. Why? Probably because from spring to autumn it changes the color of its petals four times. His bells are pink at first. Then they turn purple, and nearby, on neighboring stems, new ones appear - pink again. Purple color changes to purple. And when they begin to fade, they are already blue, faded.
- It grows in light forests, in glades, in meadows. Blooms in April-May. Beautiful yellow flowers are collected in the form of a drooping umbrella at the end of a leafless stem that emerges from basal leaves - wrinkled, ovoid, with wavy edges. Primrose leaves are rich in vitamin C.
- Grows in deciduous forests, forest edges, clearings. At the top of a straight thin stem is a delicate flower with six white or pinkish petals. On a clear day, the flower faces the sun.
- In damp weather and at night, the flower closes and droops. Under the flower on the stem are three dissected leaves arranged in a rosette. Height up to 25 cm. The plant got its name because its flower on a thin stem sways even from a light breeze.
- Grows in the forest between shrubs. The flowers are purple or purple-pink, collected in a brush. Each flower has a corolla of four fused petals, the upper one with a spur.
- In the depths of the flower there is nectar that attracts bees and bumblebees. The arrangement of the leaves is alternate, and the leaves themselves are twice-three-triple. The plant is medicinal.
- The snow is finally
- descended, and the willow is already blooming,
- offering sweets to the bees
- nectar and pollen.
- Willow flowers are called cats,
- paws, guns.
- People have long loved willow. At
- she was a symbol of the Slavs
- family hearth, guarded people
- from evil spirits and fires,
- drove away evil spirits. From
- gray-haired antiquity remained the custom
- cut flowering willow and
- give it to each other. from willow branches
- weave baskets. amazing
- fishing tackle is obtained
- from willow, ropes, ropes too
- made from willow. Willow wood -
- the best sleigh runners.
- Aspen is an early flowering tree. Aspen spoons were valued more than birch ones. And baskets and hats were made from thin, soft, silk shavings of aspen. In the old days, the roof was covered with aspen chips. Such a roof served for a long time and looked attractive. Such a roof served for a long time and looked attractive. When the aspen blossoms, small fruits appear - boxes filled with tiny light seeds. Each seed has a parachute of fine hairs, fluff. On these parachutes, future aspens fly where the wind takes them.
- Birch is an unpretentious tree. It blooms in early spring, when its resinous leaves have just unfolded. Baby flowers are collected in inflorescences - long yellowish-green catkins hanging from twigs. They form the smallest yellow pollen, which is carried by the wind to other, shorter inflorescences sticking up like small green candles. At the time of flowering, birch pollen can be seen in puddles in the form of a yellow coating.
- These plants were called primroses because they are the first to “greet spring”, i.e. bloom first.
- I found out that not only herbaceous plants are primroses, but also trees (willow, aspen, birch)
- Plants are taken under protection, because. people pluck the first flowers into bouquets, collect them as medicinal plants, there are fewer and fewer plants; walking through the forest, people trample plants.
- In our region there are different types of primroses. These are herbaceous plants: snowdrop, coltsfoot, lungwort, anemone, coppice, etc. Trees: aspen, willow, birch, etc.
- Primroses cannot be plucked. They are becoming less and less. You can draw, photograph, admire them. You can plant plants in your garden and admire their beauty in spring.
- In the forest, in the meadow, you need to walk along the paths so as not to harm the plants
- Protecting flowers, we help insects, animals, birds.
- Flowers disappear on the ground
- This is more noticeable every year.
- Less joy and beauty
- Leaves us every summer.
- Revelation of meadow flowers
- We hardly understood
- Carelessly we trampled them
- And madly, ruthlessly tore.
- We were silent magical "STOP!"
- It seemed to us more and more
- And then in the crowd of the city
- We were wearily dragging armfuls.
- And they did not see how from under their feet,
- Silently, barely breathing
- The cornflower stared doomedly,
- The carnations looked hopelessly.
- Encyclopedia of plants from A to Z
- http://www.google.ru/search?hl=ru&sugexp=pchatac&gs_rn=1&gs_ri=hp&cp=36&gs_id=40&xhr=t&q= encyclopedia + about + plants + primroses
- http://lifecity.com.ua/?l=knowledge&mod=view&id=726
- http://www.wikikids.ru/ekologiya-rastenii/pervotsvety.html
Nothing pleases the gardener so much as primroses, which appear one after another on the site. In some places there is still snow, and the lush greenery of plants with cheerful and bright colors, as well as possible, speaks of the awakening of nature.
Perennial primroses with photos and names
Anemone (anemone)
Anemone Crown with bright large flowersanemone or anemone, so named for its sensitive attitude to the slightest breath of wind, is one of the first to bloom. Leaves have not yet blossomed on garden trees and shrubs, and anemone flowers are already swaying on tall stems.
Early flowering allows you to grow anemones under trees, near shrubs, near the walls of buildings that will protect the plant from the wind.
Anemone buttercup and oak, the most common types of plants that are grown in summer cottages as primroses. Anemones bloom at the end of April, their flowering lasts for two to three weeks. The color of the flowers of the oak anemone is white, and the buttercup anemone pleases with yellow flowers.
Similar to the above plant anemone gentle with blue flowers. The smallest anemone (about 10 cm) is very popular among gardeners.
Crown anemone, a representative of warm regions, therefore, it requires the creation of comfortable conditions for wintering. She needs shelter with foliage of broad-leaved trees (maple, oak). The flowers of this plant are larger; red and white, purple and pink.
The aerial part of all anemone species dies off after flowering after a month. Therefore, it will be correct to place flowers next to them with a later flowering period. With overgrown foliage, they will cover the ugliness of withered anemones.
The most affordable and easiest way to propagate a flower is to divide the bush into several parts. Without digging up the whole plant, separate a piece of sod and plant it in the right place. Separated anemone bushes have a good survival rate.
Seed propagation implies autumn sowing in the ground, or it is done at home, with preliminary stratification of planting material. In the first case, flowering will come in the spring of next year.
snowdrops
Blooming snowdrops The plant is listed in the Red Book, because because of the great love of a person for his person, it is practically uprooted from its habitat.
But the gardener has the opportunity to grow it in his backyard, and admire its early flowering.
This unpretentious plant may not need to be transplanted for many years, as it has a minimum of requirements for soil and growing conditions. In addition, these plants do not like when their roots are disturbed, but if such a need arises, then this should be done along with a piece of turf. It is not necessary to free the root system from the old soil.
Galanthus, another name for the snowdrop grows well in a shady spot. A few hours of sunlight and moist soil is the minimum a plant needs to start flowering. And the cooler the spring weather is, the more abundant and longer the snowdrop will bloom.
After flowering, the leaves should be left to wither on their own, during this period the bulb is stocked with nutrients for full flowering next spring.
The method of propagation by dividing the bush was discussed above, and propagation by seeds will give a result no earlier than four years later.
In gardens, the following species are most often grown:
- ordinary snowdrop, a low plant with fragrant flowers;
- Elvis' snowdrop differs in height (up to 50 cm);
- Volkov's snowdrop, originally from Russia. This species has the ability to grow very quickly, so dividing the bush every three years is required.
The flowers of all species are drooping, bell-shaped and painted white.
Scilla
Scilla is a bulbous perennial that covers the ground with low plants with blue flower stars. It is the density of planting that achieves the effect of a blue carpet, which looks simply amazing against the background of a gray uncomfortable garden.
Siberian spelling most common among gardeners, as a primrose, used for early decoration of a garden plot. Due to the fact that the plant is hardy and does not require special care, it can grow in the garden allotted to it, it can be up to 5 years old. But in order not to weaken its decorative qualities, the minimum norms of top dressing should still be applied. And they should consist of a complex containing phosphorus and potassium and nitrogen.
Increasing the area occupied by the forest will not require much time and cost. It is enough to separate part of the flower along with the soil, without resorting to the complete extraction of the plant, and transplant it to a new place.
Plants are well adapted, with the advent of next spring there will be a new island on the site, reflecting the blueness of the sky.
Scilla is also grown from baby bulbs, which ripen quickly and are suitable for the formation of a full-fledged plant at the age of three.
Often, reproduction occurs by self-sowing, so single plantings of blueberry can become dense thickets.
Tulips are quite widely used by gardeners to create flower beds, flower beds, and are grown specifically for cutting. And primroses include simple early, as well as terry early tulips.
This group of plants is distinguished by a small height of 25-40 cm, but due to early flowering, they can often be found in early May at their summer cottage. And they are planted for one purpose: to give the garden charm, bright colors. Especially when most of the site is not yet covered with lush spring greens.
Tulip belongs to moisture-loving plants, so in a dry spring they need watering. They can be combined with top dressing, nitrogen fertilizers are added in early spring, and phosphorus and potassium additives are used during the budding period and after flowering.
After the tulip flower has withered, cut off its calyx, leaving the peduncle, he and the remaining leaves will help the bulb stock up on the necessary nutrients for a successful wintering and early flowering in the spring of next year.
Flowers that are used to decorate the garden, and early-flowering ones belong to them, can be left in the ground for several years. In this case, the autumn planting of flowers should be carried out at a depth of 25 cm, and more densely, and the soil around should be decorated with evergreen perennials. This will create a more picturesque spring flower garden.
Another beautiful perennial, from the bulbous family, which belongs to primroses. Blooming in late April, it looks great in a small flower garden, consisting of early flowering perennials.
Hyacinth flowering periods are divided into three categories:
- blooming early,
- medium bloom,
- blooming late.
Although it should be noted that the difference between the beginning of flowering of the first category and the last does not exceed 10 days.
Inflorescences of early hyacinths are usually blue in color. The next are pink, white, red flowers. Plants with yellow and orange caps of inflorescences will complete the parade of colors.
The cooler the spring weather, the longer the hyacinth blooms. If at t + 10 ° C it can be three weeks, then with its increase, the flowering period will be reduced by a week.
The flower also has requirements for the composition of the soil. The soil must be fertile, neutral and have good structure and drainage properties. Even a slight stagnation of water in the area where the bulbs are located can lead to their death.
The land for the autumn planting of hyacinths begins to be cultivated in advance, introducing organic and mineral fertilizers. The addition of humus, ready-made compost, sand, wood ash will help improve the structure of the soil.
Hyacinth bulbs are planted at the end of September. Large specimens are deepened by 15-20 cm, and 8-12 cm will be enough for small ones. The distance between the bulbs themselves should be 10-15 cm and 5-8 cm, respectively.
The method of planting bulbs in the sand is also practiced. Sand is poured into the groove. A layer of 2-3 cm will allow you to fix the bulbs in it, pour more sand on top, and fill the remaining height of the groove with earth. This method will prevent rotting of the bulbs, protect them from infections in the ground, and increase the drainage capacity of the soil.
With the onset of cold weather, plantings should be mulched.
Spring care work begins with cleaning the layer of mulch and gently loosening the resulting crust on the surface and fertilizing.
- After the appearance of sprouts, fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizer follows.
- During the budding period, a complex of mineral fertilizers will help the plant form a strong and bright flower.
- The third, mineral top dressing, will allow the bulb to stock up on the necessary elements and safely endure the winter cold.
Narcissus is a bulbous, perennial, early flowering plant.
The height of the stem of the plant is from 5 cm (dwarf species) to 50 cm, which ends with a white or yellow flower.
It has an unpretentious disposition, both in relation to the soil on which it grows, and to illumination. It can grow well and develops on sandy soil. Loams are also suitable for growing daffodils. But the minimum amount of the fertilizer complex, nevertheless, must be applied to the soil before planting.
Choosing a place to plant a flower is not difficult: sunny or shaded. You should be aware that when choosing the second option, flowering will be longer.
Bulbs are planted in open ground in September, taking into account the fact that plants need about three weeks to form a root system. Otherwise, the bulbs will be squeezed out of the depths to the surface of the earth, which will lead to their freezing.
The division of the bush, which is already in the summer cottage, can be carried out at a time when the leaves of the narcissus begin to fade.
- Having dug up a bush, it is necessary to select the bulbs of the baby, discard the sick and damaged ones.
- Transplant the bushes you like to a new place, cutting off the aerial part.
- It is better to leave a small stump so as not to lose the landing.
Primrose
An unpretentious herbaceous perennial that, with its bright, varied colors, will enliven any corner of the summer cottage.
Preferring shady places, the primrose develops safely and blooms under the crowns of garden trees and near ornamental shrubs.
The beginning of the appearance of flowers falls on the first days of May and the plant will receive a sufficient amount of heat and light, because the leaves on the trees have not yet blossomed in full force. And on hot days, the foliage will protect the flower from the scorching rays.
The soil for planting flowers should be loose, fertilized, without stagnant water. This will save the gardener from having to fertilize every year.
After 3-4 years, it is advisable to transplant the primrose bush. The gardener will have the opportunity to increase plantings, and the plant itself will again be provided with a supply of nutrients for several years to come.
The time of transplantation is not fundamental, but it is better to do this when the plant has faded.
- The flower is dug up, the roots are washed to determine how best to divide.
- Each separated bush should have its own growing point with two to three leaves and a good bunch of roots.
- After transplanting, the plant should be watered and shaded for several days.
crocuses
Primroses that endure any spring weather changes.
For abundant and lush flowering, crocuses need good lighting. And since they appear practically from under the snow, it is possible to grow them near fruit trees and ornamental shrubs. There are no leaves on the trees yet, and the flower will be fully provided with sunlight.
Crocuses are not demanding on soils, but it is necessary to add a small complex of nitrogen and mineral fertilizers to the soil before planting.
An even more important measure is the improvement of soil structure. It must be waterproof. Good drainage will prevent stagnant water, otherwise the bulb will rot and die.
Reproduction of crocuses is carried out by bulbous children, which are formed near the uterine corm. Overgrown flower plantings are dug up every 3-4 years, the bulbs are sorted by size, dried in the air, but under a canopy. With the advent of autumn, they are planted in the newly prepared properly soil. Usually the terms of this work fall on the third decade of September.
Muscari
Muscari, a low ornamental plant with a blue inflorescence that looks like a bunch of grapes. The bulbous perennial, to which the Muscari family belongs, can be grown in any corner of the summer cottage.
The flower is light-loving, but it can be grown in the near-stem circles of fruit trees, since the flowering will be completed before the foliage creates a shadow over it.
In one place, a flower can grow for many years.. This implies high-quality tillage before planting:
- application of mineral and organic fertilizers,
- improvement of soil structure.
This will allow the plant to develop without experiencing a lack of nutrients. Ensuring good water permeability of the soil will protect the bulb from rotting.
The same result can be achieved by pouring coarse-grained sand into the holes for planting a flower. In addition, the lack of contact with the soil will protect the planting material from infections that may be in the ground.
For spring flowering, the plant has enough moisture, which is formed from the melting of snow. Subsequently, after the leaves die off, one-year-olds will most likely be planted in this place, and moisture from their irrigation will flow to the bulbs.
The flower is propagated by baby bulbs. After the plant faded, the leaves turned yellow and withered, the flower entered the dormant phase. During this period, the plant can be dug up and young onions can be selected. But this work can be done at another time convenient for the gardener. It will not harm the plant.
The flower is a very winter-hardy plant. Caring for it is simple: loosening and weeding are the main types of work.
Grouse
Imperial hazel grouse The hazel grouse does not belong to the capricious perennials. The original plant, with drooping flowers, makes the gardener want to grow it in his summer cottage.
The first thing to consider when purchasing planting material is their insecurity. The bulbs do not have an external coating, and any mechanical damage can cause various kinds of diseases.
In any case, before planting, they need to be disinfected with a weak solution of ordinary potassium permanganate.
Like most perennials, hazel grouse grows in one place for several years without a transplant. And this must be taken into account when preparing the soil for planting. The introduction of organic matter in the form of humus or ready-made compost, substrates that improve the access of moisture and air will help the plant quickly settle into a new place.
After flowering, which occurs in the second half of May, the plant still looks decorative for some time, but by the end of June the stem begins to fade. This is the best time to increase the plantings of hazel grouse.
The bulbs are carefully dug up, washed, disinfected in a manganese solution and dried well. The existing baby bulbs are also planted in the fall, in September. Usually hazel grouse begins to bloom when the size of the bulb reaches 5 cm in diameter.
So it turns out that growing hazel grouse is not a difficult task, but it requires patience.
Dicentra (Dicentra) is also called "broken heart" A charming plant, with many flowers of hearts, encourages the gardener to purchase a flower.
Pretty unpretentious perennial in terms of choosing a place to plant. It will bloom in both sun and shade.
The difference is that in an open area, flowering will come earlier, but will be shorter. In the shade, the plant develops more powerfully and the flowering period increases.
Dicentra has a root system that is located close to the surface of the earth, this requires its good drainage, otherwise the fragile roots will suffer from stagnant water. This will inevitably lead to their decay and, as a rule, the death of the plant. The fragility of the roots requires careful handling of the flower during planting.
A flower is grown on fertile soils, with the introduction of finished compost, humus, wood ash.
Propagated by dividing the bush, which can be carried out both in spring and autumn. In the spring, this work is carried out as early as possible so that it is not at the expense of flowering.
Autumn transplant is less painful for the flower. After the plant wilts, it is dug up and the rhizome is cut into several components. Planted in fertilized holes, falling asleep with fertile soil. It should be watered abundantly, dicentra is moisture-loving.
forget-me-nots
Forget-me-not Alpine Indigo Forget-me-not is a herbaceous perennial plant with delicate blue flowers that prefers shaded areas with moist soil.
The soil, in the place where the forget-me-not will grow, should not be overfed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. This will lead to the growth of the green mass of the plant and weaken its decorative qualities.
Grow forget-me-not from seeds. At their summer cottage, in June, a garden bed is being prepared. They bring in nitrophoska (30 g per 1 sq. M.), add half a bucket of humus, carefully dig everything up, level it and water it. Seeds are scattered along small grooves. Sprinkle with a thin layer of sand, compact.
To retain moisture and create optimal conditions for germination, the bed is covered with a film. By the end of the second week, it is necessary to check the crops, when shoots appear, the shelter is removed. Seedlings need to be thinned out.
In the first year, forget-me-not forms a small bush, and will bloom the next spring in May. By that time, it should be planted in a permanent place. Spring flower care consists of watering and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. In autumn, a nitrogen-containing composition should be added to them.
Despite its tenderness and apparent fragility, forget-me-not is a rather aggressive plant. If you let its growth take its course, then it will quickly capture territories that do not belong to it.
Lungwort - Pulmonaria villarsae Lungwort is a low rhizomatous perennial, the main advantage of which is unpretentiousness in terms of lighting. It can grow even in dense shade.
But partial shade is preferable for her.
The soil for lungwort needs slightly acidic, rich in humus. It can grow in one place for about 25 years.. But the flower needs thinning, so dividing the bush once every 4 years will solve the problem not only with planting density, but will provide the gardener with planting material.
Lungwort is valued by gardeners not only for its bell flowers and its shade tolerance, but also for its decorative foliage. Light or dark green leaves are covered with white spots and specks over the entire surface. In addition, they have the ability to change their color, in which case the speck merges with the color of the leaf.
Plant care is not complicated, keeping the soil moist (but not excessively), one-time top dressing, a set of mineral fertilizers and autumn pruning of stems. Although the removal of the stems can be left in the spring.
Primroses in the garden: video
No matter how many flowers are planted on the site, the gardener will always have a desire to buy something new. And this is natural - the beauty of fresh flowers pleases.
And primroses are especially pleasing in early spring, when the snow is just melting and there is almost no greenery - and bright islands of delicate flowers have already awakened.
