The prices on the site are not final and cannot be considered an offer, and are indicated solely for information. The final prices are indicated in rubles in the official offer or contract.

Calculation for gas piston installations, prices taking into account imported engines, order through the application form on the website!

(Accelerated depreciation for gas generators for power generation - before the first repair)

Constant power supply from a mini power plant

Engine model
Number of installations	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20	total installed power of the installation kw
Heat generation	no there is
Container	no there is
Fuel-main gas, gas tariff	rub. for 1 m 3	* the separator is a period, not a comma! eg => 4.34 instead of 4.34
The cost of electricity tariffs (tariff for electricity from the grid, for comparison)	rub. for 1 kWh	* the separator is a period, not a comma! eg => 5.85 and not 5.85
Gas piston power plants, prices	rub.
Commissioning of a gas piston power plant, cost	rub.
Total cost of gas piston units	rub.

	expense item (electricity costs)	parameter	dimension	time hour.	price, rub. / quantity	Cost, rub.	notes
	fuel consumption per day		m 3 / hour	24			utilization rate 70% (ICUF)
	Fuel quantity - electricity costs over the amortization period		m 3 / hour	20 000			utilization rate 70% (ICUF)
	oil consumption over the amortization period	0,3	g / kWh	20 000	80r per liter (wholesale)		utilization rate (power consumption) 70% (ICUM)
	power plant - the cost of equipment for the amortization period		rub	20 000
	total cost of gas piston units for the amortization period		rub	20 000			materials only
	TO for gas piston power plants, prices		rub	7 times			without travel
	materials for maintenance on gas piston units, prices		rub	7 times			about
	maintenance, power plant maintenance, cost		rub	1 time
	power generation		kW	20 000			kW * hour for 2.5 years at 70% load on energy consumption
	Total total cost of electricity for the amortization period (2.5 years)		rub	20 000			with materials and maintenance
	total electricity costs (tariff RUB / kWh)		kW * hour	20 000
	total cost of electricity, kWh (accelerated depreciation)		rub	20 000			utilization rate for electricity consumption 70% (ICUM)
	cost of kW * hour after 2.5 years of operation (after depreciation)		rub	20 000			utilization rate for electricity consumption 70% (ICUM)
	net savings on the cost of electricity at a rate of RUB / kWh per month		rub
	payback of the cost of the power plant (approximately)		month				when used with coeff. 0.7

* the cost of electricity does not take into account the heat received, which gas generators allow to generate electricity
or otherwise: the cost of heat in this calculation is zero (all attributed to the cost of electricity)

** all calculations are approximate for a rough estimate of the project economics when gas generators are used to generate electricity

for a more accurate calculation - place a request! Order a consultation or make an application. TCH within 1-2 days

Preliminary calculation of lease payments

* at a rate of rubles per kWh

** all calculations are approximate for a rough estimate of the project economics

You can independently choose the installation for your needs, just fill out the electronic form. When choosing the option you need, pay attention to the notes - they will help you make the most accurate calculation. Also, on any issue you can consult with us: call the specified free phone and get advice from our specialist.

Accurate calculation - affordable prices

When choosing a GPPP, you will be convinced that prices for gas piston units are quite affordable, and a quick payback and energy savings will quickly solve your problems with high tariffs from the networks. To verify this, enter the cost of a cubic meter of gas and a kilowatt-hour of electricity in the corresponding columns of the calculator: you will find out how much you can save by buying the equipment, and in how many months it will pay off completely.

In most cases, the cost of purchasing equipment can be covered in 1.5 years. Fast and profitable, especially when you consider that the price for gas piston units is not overpriced:

• the production process, installation on our gas generators for generating electricity, takes 2-3 months;
• to increase the efficiency factor of the power plant, an expensive fuel system is installed.

Individual calculation is the only way to find out the cost of gas piston installations, since the amount depends on whether you need cogeneration of heat, whether you want to purchase a container for installation.

Cogeneration of heat allows you to obtain two types of energy during fuel processing: thermal and electrical.

The container is needed to protect the gas generators for power generation, as well as to enable fast transportation to the new site. It is equipped with an alarm and fire extinguishing system in case of an emergency.

Buying a generator is an easy way to solve your electricity problems. One of the best options is gas piston power plants: their cost is lower than the price of turbine plants.

Remember that the calculator is designed to give you approximate data. The exact calculation will be performed by our specialist according to your application. Contact us!

Please note that this website is for informational purposes only and under no circumstances is a public offer determined by the provisions of Article 437 (2) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. For detailed information on the availability and cost of these goods and (or) services, please contact by phone and e-mail

This article is an example of the correct determination of the cost of electricity and the calculation of the payback of the object.
The specialists of our company in the shortest possible time will carry out the necessary calculations for your individual object with the issuance of an opinion on the payback period, taking into account the features available at the object.

In the process of calculating the payback of a mini-CHP, it is extremely important to take into account all the costs that the owner will bear during the operation of the gas piston power plant. Unfortunately, not all companies offering the construction of mini-thermal power plants provide future owners with complete and up-to-date information on the cost of further maintenance, sometimes they simply do not have this information. When calculating the final cost of electricity produced, it is necessary to take into account not the theoretical prices at the manufacturing plant, but the real cost of spare parts, taking into account their transportation and customs clearance.

This calculation is based on the example of the Siemens SGE-56SM power plant, since the cost of servicing Siemens gas powered power plants is one of the lowest in Russia. In this way, this calculation provides an opportunity to evaluate the "baseline" in terms of maintenance costs. Other power plants of comparable capacity are likely to be more expensive to maintain, but may benefit from equipment costs.

The calculation used the following initial data:

To determine the final cost of electricity generated, a methodology is used that includes the main cost groups. It is very important not to forget to include all the main categories of costs to determine the most complete final cost and further calculate the payback of the mini-CHP:

1. COSTS FOR GAS

Gas consumption for the considered Siemens SGE-56SL / 40 power plant with a capacity of 1001 kW is 276.7 nm 3 per hour at 100% load. Thus, the costs are determined by the formula:

Fuel consumption of a given calorific value * gas cost per 1000 nm 3 with VAT / 1000 nm 3 / power = 276.7 * 6000/1000/1001 = 1.66 rubles. for 1 kW * h.

2. COSTS OF OIL CHANGE

In the Siemens SGE-56SL / 40 gas piston power plant with a capacity of 1001 kW, the oil must be changed every 2500 operating hours, or less often, depending on the operating conditions. The replacement oil volume is 232 liters. For calculations, the most frequent replacement period is applicable - 2500 hours. If the interval is increased during operation, this will only reduce the cost of electricity. Oil change costs are determined by the formula:

Volume of oil to be changed * cost of one liter / replacement frequency / power = 232 * 230/2500/1001 = 0.021 rubles. for 1 kW * h.

3. COSTS OF OIL CARBON

Each gas-piston power plant, during its operation, is faced with the need to replenish the oil spent due to its waste in the combustion chamber of a gas engine. The estimated amount of oil per waste is 0.2 grams for each kWh generated. The cost of oil waste is calculated by the formula:

Volume of oil for waste * cost of one liter / 1000 grams in one liter = 0.2 * 230/1000 = 0.046 rubles. for 1 kW * h.

4. SPARE PARTS COSTS INCLUDING OVERALL REPAIRS

To determine the total cost of spare parts, it is very important to consider all spare parts required for the entire life cycle of a gas engine power plant, including overhaul. This approach is due to the fact that the estimated costs must ensure the smooth operation of the power plant, both before and after the major overhaul. Otherwise, you would have to buy a new power plant after every major overhaul. The calculation takes into account the sum of all spare parts replaced throughout the entire life cycle, taking into account overhaul. For the Siemens power plant with a capacity of 1001 kW, the cost of all spare parts is 389 583 Euros with 20% VAT and customs clearance. It should be noted that spare parts, as well as oil, under favorable operating conditions can be changed less frequently, which, again, will only reduce the cost of electricity generated.

The total cost of spare parts attributed to the cost of kWh is determined by the formula:

Spare parts cost in EUR * EUR rate / resource before overhaul, hours / power = 389 583 Euro * 72 rub. / 60,000 / 1001 = 0.467 rubles. for 1 kW * h. including the cost of overhaul (renewal of the power plant) every 60 thousand operating hours.

5. COSTS FOR SERVICES OF THE MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION CARRYING OUT REGULATORY SERVICE WORKS

When calculating the cost of service work, you must remember that for the calculation you need to use the prices of only the organization that has official permission from the manufacturer to carry out these works. This will not only ensure that the warranty for the equipment is maintained, but also confirms that the organization will cope with complex work in the future, and will not be limited to the sale of equipment and oil changes.

Separately, it should be noted that you should not rely on the statements of some manufacturers promising to teach customer service personnel. As a rule, after the sale of equipment, personnel are trained only to change the oil, filters and spark plugs. All qualified work continues to be performed by third-party personnel. This happens not only due to the fact that the work requires high qualifications, but also due to the fact that an expensive professional tool is required to carry out these works, the total cost of which can be several million rubles. Therefore, the purchase of such a tool can only be afforded by the digging that provides maintenance of gas-piston power plants on a massive scale, on an ongoing basis. At the same time, the execution of the simplest service work by the customer's personnel actually somewhat reduces the cost of costs. However, the initial calculation should be carried out under the most severe baseline conditions.

For the Siemens SGE-56SL / 40 power plant under consideration, the total maintenance costs, including overhaul, amount to 73,557 Euros including VAT. The service component in the cost of electricity will be determined by the formula:

The amount of costs including overhaul * exchange rate / time to overhaul / capacity = 73,557 Euro * 72 rubles / 60,000 / 1001 = 0.088 rubles. for 1 kW * h.

6. COST OF PAYMENT OF PROPERTY TAX - 2.2% PER YEAR:

Let's determine the tax costs based on the average cost of building a Mini-CHP in the amount of 50 million rubles. for 1 MW "turnkey". Costs are determined by the formula:

Construction cost * tax percentage / 100 percent / capacity / 8000 hours of work per year = 50,000,000 * 2.2 / 100/1025/8000 = 0.13 rubles. for 1 kW * h.

7. SUSPENSION CHARGES

The inclusion of depreciation charges implies that during the operation of power plants, funds are depreciated that can be spent on a complete renewal of the power unit after its resource is exhausted (3-4 overhauls, 240,000 - 300,000 operating hours). Costs are determined by the formula:

Construction cost / total resource / power = 50,000,000 / 240,000 / 1001 = 0.21 rubles. for 1 kW * h.

8. CORRECTION DUE TO RECOVERY HEAT:

In parallel with the generation of electrical energy, each power plant with a capacity of 1001 kW produces heat energy in an amount of up to 1183 kW per hour. To produce the same amount of heat in the boiler house, it would be necessary to burn 130 nm 3 of gas with a heating value of 33.5 MJ / nm 3, as already indicated earlier, gas is taken in calculations at a cost of 6,000 rubles. with VAT per 1000 m3. Thus, by utilizing heat from a running engine, each power plant saves up to

130 * 6000/1000/1001 = 0.779 rubles. for 1 kW * h.

CALCULATION OF TOTAL COST

The total cost is made up of the sum of all the costs of generating electricity (gas, oil, service, work, taxes, depreciation) and savings due to heat recovery

• Excluding recovered heat: 1.66 rubles. + 0.021 + 0.046 + 0.467 + 0.088 + 0.13 +0.21 = 2.622 rubles. for 1 kW * h. with VAT 20%
• Including recovered heat: 1.66 rubles. + 0.021 + 0.046 + 0.467 + 0.088 + 0.13 +0.21 - 0.779 = 1.834 rubles. for 1 kW * h. with VAT 20%

Payback period calculation

A) Mini-CHP as an alternative to the external network

If the facility does not have centralized power supply in full, it is necessary to calculate the payback period not for the entire mini-CHP, but for the difference between the cost of construction and the cost of organizing external power supply (connection, route, limits, etc.). At some sites, the cost of connecting an external network may be even higher than the cost of building a mini-CHP. For this, the payback of the project comes immediately, upon the inclusion of the mini-CHP into operation. And with each kWh generated, the owner gets additional profit.

B) Mini-CHP as an addition to the external network

In the event that a full external power supply has already been organized at the facility and the mini-CHP is considered only as a measure to reduce electricity costs, it is necessary to compare the costs of generating and purchasing electricity.

With the average cost of buying electricity from the networks in the amount of 3.5 rubles. with VAT per 1 kW * h, the savings in the production of 1 kW * h of electricity, taking into account the complete utilization of heat, will be:

• The cost of electricity from networks - the cost of electricity produced = 6.0 - 1.834 = 4.166 rubles. for 1 kW * h.
• With uniform full capacity utilization per year, savings are made in the amount of:
• Savings with every kW * h * 8000 working hours per year * power = 4.166 * 8000 * 1001 = 33.36 million rubles. in year

TOTAL PAYBACK PERIOD

At the moment, as noted above, the average cost of building a turnkey facility is from 50 million rubles. for 1 MW "turnkey", depending on the capacity and composition of the equipment used.

Thus, with a full load of electrical capacities and heat utilization, the payback period for one mini-CHP can be calculated as the amount of construction / annual savings = 50 / 33.36 = 1.5 years.

As can be seen from the above calculations, maintenance, oil and service costs have the greatest impact on the final payback period. Unfortunately, some manufacturers indicate in their catalogs not real data on maintenance (which is carried out every 1200 - 2000 hours), but some theoretical maximums that are achievable only under ideal operating conditions. In a situation where the owner, having launched a power plant, is faced with a decrease in service intervals, the expected payback is sharply deteriorated. Therefore, it is imperative to clarify whether the proposed maintenance program specifies minimum intervals that can be extended or theoretical limits that will be reduced. Our company has collected an extensive database of such proposals that we can provide to customers who thoroughly choose equipment.

The indicated prices are current at the end of 2019 and may slightly differ at the moment.

At TPPs with CCGT, nitrogen oxides and other greenhouse gases are emitted, for which you have to pay already today. NPP almost does not emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The radiation background near the NPP, determined mainly by krypton and xenon radionuclides, is significantly lower than natural.

The main disadvantages of existing NPP projects are high specific capital investments and long construction time. However, to increase the efficiency of nuclear power plants, there are significant reserves, which include a decrease in the material and labor intensity of design solutions for main buildings and structures, a reduction in the duration of design, construction, installation and commissioning, optimization of the assembly blockiness of structures and equipment.

The cost of a TPP with a CCGT unit is lower; construction can be carried out faster. However, in our opinion, this type of power generation has practically reached the limit of improving technical solutions and a significant increase in economic efficiency. An important negative factor is the absence of unloaded main gas pipelines.

To get gas at the cost indicated in the article, you must first equip the field, build a gas pipeline and gas distribution stations with all the infrastructure. According to JSC Gazprom, investments in the construction of the Ukhta - Torzhok-2 gas pipeline (970 km, 45 billion cubic meters / year) are estimated at 217 billion rubles. in 2010 prices. Taking into account the annual inflation rate of 8% in prices of the end of 2015, this will amount to about 320 billion rubles. Then, according to our estimates, the construction of the main gas pipeline from Bovanenkovo ​​to the gas distribution station in the Yaroslavl Region and further to each TPP site will require about 900 billion rubles. At the same time, the total investment in the construction of thermal generation and the gas pipeline system will exceed RUB 1,800 billion.

The question of choosing a substitute option for power generation instead of decommissioned nuclear power plants remains controversial, requiring comprehensive technical and economic studies.

In conclusion, we present excerpts from the Energy Strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030.
the main problems of the fuel and energy complex include the high dependence of the enterprises of the complex on imported technologies and equipment;
reduction of the gas share from 70% to 60–62% by the end of the third stage of the energy strategy implementation;
nuclear power has the ability to reproduce its own fuel base;
energy security is one of the most important components of the country's national security.

List of sources used:
LCOE estimate: NPP is still in play // Atomic Expert, 2015 (based on materials from foreign press). http://www.rosatom.ru/journalist/interview/ http://kartaplus.ru/topografiya17 Wholesale prices for gas produced by OJSC Gazprom and its affiliates sold to consumers in the Russian Federation on the basis of the order of the Federal Tariff Service of Russia dated 08.06. 2015 No. 218-e / 3 // www. gazprom.ru/f/posts/98/377922/2015-06-30-ceny-krome-naselenia.pdf. http://www.gazprom.ru/about/marketing/ russia / Tariffs for carbon pollution launched, 11/30/2015 // www.worldbank. org / ru / news / feature / 2015/11/30 / carbon-pricing-its-on-the-move O. Mordyushenko. Gazprom Appraised the Alternative to South Stream, 11/23/2015 // www.kommersant.ru/doc/2860482. Energy strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030. Approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.11. 2009 1715-p.

2006-03-20

Changes in the management of the Russian economy have caused an increase in interest in small-scale energy projects. It became clear to the consumer that during the period while RAO "UES of Russia" is busy with its restructuring, and for a long time after that, there is no need to hope for a reliable and cheap power supply from large-scale energy, especially for new facilities. The cost of building your own power plant in Moscow and the Moscow region turns out to be the same as the cost of connecting to the Mosenergo system.

Large energy consumers have sufficient funds to hire qualified experts to assess the cost of building their own energy facilities or to choose options for cooperation with energy systems on joint participation in the reconstruction of generating and grid facilities.

But specialists and managers of small businesses and municipalities need to be guided by themselves in the choice of energy efficient projects.

Technical literature and popular publications are littered with various recommendations for the use of small and alternative energy, incl. on the use of wind, solar, micro-hydroelectric power plants, small thermal power plants using biofuels and all sorts of rubbish. Undoubtedly, all suitable power plant options should be considered out of a million ...

However, recommendations based on the proven experience of Western countries are often economically unjustified in Russia, and the payback period for conventional CHP projects in Russia is sometimes twice or less than in the United States. In this article, another attempt is made to determine the "zones" of application of different options for small CHP in Russia.

The main difference between small energy

Energy supply from large power plants presupposes the presence of electrical and heating networks through which energy is transmitted to a large number of consumers divided by categories of reliability of consumption, consumption volumes, social status and, accordingly, tariffs. The need to build and operate networks doubles or triples the cost of energy received by end users both in our country and abroad.

A small CHPP is being built for one or a group of consumers, united into a local network. Since the length of the networks is minimal for an individual small consumer, in the further analysis we will consider only the cost of generation and modes of energy use for the consumer himself.

Big energy as a landmark

When considering projects for the construction of small thermal power plants, power engineering specialists and specialists of enterprises are guided by the indicators achieved in the large power industry. In the large power industry, more and more complex power generation schemes are used. The efficiency of power plants is also growing, mainly due to the use and complication of power plants with combined cycle plants.

If the efficiency of steam turbine power plants for 40 years has frozen at around 42%, then the efficiency of power plants with a complex cycle, including electric generators with gas turbine and steam turbine drives, in 1993 had a "parade" efficiency = 51.5%, and three years ago, i.e. e. in 2003, the efficiency of such installations (in the West) increased to 56.5%, i.e. grew by 0.5% per year. And the prospects for increasing the efficiency of conventional "thermal" power engineering are still great.

Differences in small energy

For obvious reasons, we exclude nuclear power plants and solar power plants (SES) from consideration. Of course, only a lazy summer resident in Russia did not install a solar water heater for the shower. As for solar power plants, in our country and in the North Caucasus there is less sun than in California, and in California the cost of "green energy" from a solar power plant is twice as high as from traditional power plants.

It is expensive to build a good coal-fired power plant with a capacity of less than 10 MW. But the Danes are building boilers and thermal power plants that burn wood waste, and even straw. But in Russia, the wheat yield is lower and it is more difficult to collect straw (A.M. Mastepanov). Harder to collect and burn city trash. Such projects should be large enough. We will not "dig" into hydrogen energy either.

New-fashioned hydrogen energy in terms of efficiency will not be able to keep up with conventional energy. Yes, small CHP plants on hydrogen with direct conversion of hydrogen energy in electrochemical generators must be reliable (there are no high-temperature surfaces and a lot of rotating units - turbines, generators, pumps), in fact, environmentally friendly, because the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen produces only H 2 O emissions.

However, in terms of cost and efficiency as a whole, hydrogen power engineering is not yet "close" to conventional power engineering. The Americans themselves finally wrote about this frankly two years ago. And besides, in a conventional gas turbine plant (GTU), in which natural gas is burned (natural gas and air are supplied to the burner through compressors under pressure), and high-temperature gases spin up the power turbine, compressor and electric generator.

Air is supplied to the gas turbine in excess: it works as a "working fluid" in the turbine, and part of it is simply used to cool the walls of the burner and turbine blades. In the last two decades, gas turbine plants have been built in which air was partially replaced by water or steam. At the same time, the efficiency of the gas turbine plant increased by one and a half times, the specific power of the unit increased by one and a half to two times (with the same volumes).

With modern technologies in such cycles, an electrical efficiency of 64% is attainable (such an efficiency is not planned in hydrogen power engineering ...) In fact, a complex steam-gas cycle is realized in one turbine unit! In addition, harmful emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X) are significantly reduced. And if you supply oxygen to the turbine, not air? Then nitrogen will not enter the combustion chamber and there will be no nitrogen oxides.

Oxygen production is becoming cheaper and cheaper due to the development of membrane technologies. According to information leaked to the Internet, such a project is under development in the United States, and it is possible that by the end of 2006 or early 2007 there will be test results. Well, just a "balm for the soul" for environmentalists! These achievements are again not for us! Neither RAO UES of Russia, nor the state finances such "breakthrough" projects. In small-scale power engineering, it is impractical to consider the possibility of using complex schemes of combined cycles of CCGT for electricity generation. We will restrict ourselves to simple solutions.

Small CHPPs for Russia

It is more profitable to generate both electricity and heat at a CHP plant than separately generating heat at a boiler house and separately generating electricity at a power plant. The fuel consumption gain is 30%! Everyone needs a CHP! Thermal power plants that supply heat and electricity generate about 60% of all electricity in Russia. Russia is the coldest of all the great powers.

But here's the difference: in principle, we need more heat than other countries! And with such a requirement, super-high electrical efficiency is not needed, i.e. it is possible to use simpler and cheaper power plants. In many industries, year-round heat costs are higher than electricity costs. The population needs heat in summer only for hot water supply, and this is only 15-20% of the winter consumption.

In shopping centers and large office buildings, cooling (air conditioning) is also needed in Russia in the summer. And in these cases, more electricity is needed, i.e. the electrical efficiency of the CHP plant should be higher. What is the choice of power generating plants for a small CHP (or TPP)?

Steam turbine units - PTU (any fuel for the boiler)

• Russian steam turbine installations. The smallest with good efficiency, but at least 500 kW in power at a cost slightly higher than $ 300 / kW. (there are others, but with low efficiency and unknown reliability);
• American steam turbine units: 50 and 150 kW at a cost of $ 450-500 / kW. Do not forget to also build a steam boiler at a cost of approximately $ 50 / kW with all the personal belongings (if you do not have a steam boiler).

Conventional gas turbine plants - GTU (fuel: gas or diesel)

To obtain heat, waste heat boilers are needed (in terms of unit cost, they are comparable to steam boilers).

• Russian gas turbine units with a capacity of 2500 kW and more, the cost is approximately $ 600 / kW. Efficiency = 24% and more with increasing power;
• Ukrainian gas turbines with the same performance (there is also one with water injection into the turbine to increase power and efficiency);
• others, but more expensive.

It is possible to use a gas turbine with a lower power, but at the same time reliability decreases (gearboxes are used) and the specific cost of 1 kW of installed power sharply increases.

Unusual gas turbines

Sold in Russia high-speed gas turbine units(made in the USA and Europe). Their capacities: 30; 70; 100 and 200 kW. With low efficiency = 17-22%. Expensive, more than 1000 $ / kW (!), But very good for distant "points" because the lungs ... High-frequency noise is easily muffled! Piston Driven Power Generation Units(on gasoline, diesel fuel and natural gas). In terms of power from several kW to 6000 kW in one unit or more. In terms of efficiency (up to 43%), they exceed GTU and STU in all power ranges. In terms of maneuverability and independence from weather conditions, they are better than turbines. And the service life of piston units is two to three times higher than that of turbines. The unit cost depends on the power of the units. Gas reciprocating power generating units (running on gas) are significantly higher than diesel engines.

alternative energy

From alternative energy, we have a choice of hydroelectric power plants (HPP) and wind power plants (WPP).

Small hydroelectric power plants

There are excellent Russian hydroelectric generators. With a capacity of 1-5 MW, the cost of equipment is about $ 300 / kW. But don't forget the cost of constructing a dam, building, etc. There are sleeve and floating power plants. The cost of this equipment is more expensive. Most of the rivers are flat and it is a problem to build a dam of considerable height ... And in winter, rivers in Russia freeze over. And there is a way out. An underwater hydroelectric power station can be built on a large river. To do this, you need to install on the barge hydroelectric generators of the type of wind turbines. Bring the barge along the river to the village, connect it with a cable to the shore and ... flood it so that the upper edge of the hydrogenerator blade would not reach the bottom in winter. This expensive solution may turn out to be acceptable for some northern village, where the cost of fuel is five times higher than in Moscow.

Wind power units have always been referred to as small-scale power generation. But over the past 10 years, the capacity of individual wind turbines has grown from 350-500 to 3500 kW. At the same time, their cost decreased from $ 1,500 to $ 900 / kW. Onshore and offshore wind farms with dozens of units with an assembly capacity of over 40 MW have already been built. This is in Denmark and Germany.

Back in 1992, in Kalmykia, we supplied a 1000 kW unit. But it did not work - either because the bearings burned out, or because the USSR was gone. The Danes were ready to sell us a second-hand wind farm with a capacity of 350 kW for "pennies" (three to four times cheaper with a six-year warranty, but bad luck - the wind speed in Denmark (almost an island) from all directions is about 8 m / s, and on the Russian plains, only 3-5 m / s.At such speeds, the developed power will be in ( 8 / 5 ) 3 = 4.7 times less!

And when this cheapness will pay off! Of course, in our North the wind speed is more than 8 m / s, but will the Danish plastic blades (designed for year-round freezing temperatures) withstand our frosts of -50 ° C? And what about the oil in the gearbox? And the electronics? It happens that there is no wind either. Then you need to combine a wind farm with a diesel power plant. One of the options proposed by Russian engineers is to use most of the wind farm energy for heating.

Indeed, the greater the wind in winter, the more heat is “blown out” of the house, but the more (in a cubic degree!) The wind turbine gives energy. Moreover, it is possible not to stabilize the frequency and voltage, but to supply such "non-GOST" electricity directly to a water boiler or simply to electric heaters. The construction of the generator will be much cheaper. No gear needed.

It is possible to supply aircraft-type blades with "no rotation speed limitation" even in a storm. But this is a special task. For those places where fuel is delivered by the Northern Sea Route. At present, different types of low-speed wind farms are being invented in Russia. But the cost of small-scale production of wind farms is and will be higher than in Denmark, where the national wind farm industry and their serial production have been created. This is a Danish "trick" and Danish pride.

However, the Danish government stopped subsidizing the construction of wind farm in 2002, because in reality the cost of electricity from a wind farm was much higher than electricity from conventional thermal energy. Look at the picture how electricity is expensive in Denmark.

Comparison of the costs of various power plants

Comparison of the costs of various power plants reduced to 1 kW has been published infrequently in the technical literature. Such an article was published 20 years ago by E.M. Perminov and a few years ago a similar comparison was made by P.P. Handless. These are specialists in non-traditional energy well-known in Russia. Over the past decades, the cost of conventional CHP and nuclear power plants has increased, while the cost of solar and wind power plants has decreased significantly. Below is a comparison of costs for thermal power plants.

Conclusion

In addition to Mosenergo, Moscow is designing and building new combined-cycle CHPPs (Moscow-City and others, 160-200 MW), gas turbine power units (domestic power units of 6-10 MW and more) are installed at regional thermal power plants and boiler houses, t .e. boiler houses are being converted into CHPPs. New shopping malls around Moscow and in Moscow are acquiring their own "trigeneration" power plants (electricity + heat + cold) with a capacity of 4-6 MW using foreign-made gas piston power units.

Questions are periodically raised about the construction of new waste processing plants and thermal power plants with waste incineration in Moscow, Ryazan and other cities. In previous years, several foreign-made wind power plants were supplied for foreign grants on the coast near St. Petersburg and near Kaliningrad. But there are no happy reports on solar power plants within Russia.

For the foreseeable future, the conventional electric power industry based on gas CHPPs in Russia will remain a very profitable business, given that the cost of electricity and heat in a number of regions of Russia has approached world prices, and the cost of natural gas is still five times lower than in Europe and the foreseeable future will always be half the price (due to the difference in shipping costs).

You need to build your own CHP now if there is gas. In other cases, consider the options. Graphs and tables are taken from the literature below. The rest of the figures in the assessments are given from the memory of the author from his own assessments and publications of Russian and foreign experts.

1. Don’t ignore network costs. Michael Brown. Director ofWADE and Editor of COSPP. Cogeneration & On-Site Power Production. July-august 2005.
2. Reforming district heating in European transition countries. “Restructuring district heating in Europe’s transition economies”, COSPP, July-August 2005, Sabine Froning and Norela Constantinescu.
3. www.Eia.doe.com.

It should be said right away that generator electricity is more expensive than power supply from the external network... But electrical appliances have become so deeply embedded in our everyday life that we cannot give up comfort and convenience.

A cottage owner who is unlikely to be puzzled by the cost of electricity. The situation is the same with picnic generators - there simply are no other options.

This is another matter if you plan to use the generator set on a permanent basis. Electricity costs simply need to be considered by business owners in order not to burn out. Sometimes it's cheaper to connect to central networks.

Let's say you have a generator with a nominal power of 5.5 kW and a cost of 35 thousand rubles. Average service life is 5000 hours. Let's take the cost of a liter of fuel for 40 rubles. When calculating 1 kW / h, it is important to take into account the generator load, as it will affect the final value.

First of all, let's take into account the cost of purchasing the generator itself - we divide its cost by engine hours. 35000/5000 = 7 rubles / hour.

Then calculate the cost of 1 kW at:

100% load: 2.5 l / hour * 40 rubles / 5.5 kW = 18.18 rubles. Taking into account the cost of the generator, the total the cost of kW / hour will be 18.18 + 7 = 25.18 rubles.

50% load: 1.8 l / hour * 40 rubles / 2.75 kW = 26.18 rubles. Taking into account the cost of the generator, the total the cost of kW / hour will turn out to be 33.18 rubles.

If used consistently, maintenance costs should be included in the expense. Change of oil, filters, spark plugs and more. Therefore, estimate the annual maintenance costs of the generator and include them in the kW cost.

Summarize

The cost of 1 kW of electricity from a generator set is higher than from central networks. If the generator is planned to be used as an additional or backup source - you don't have to think about it.