Journal science and life 5. Photobook. The immune system in action

The journal "Science and Life" was founded in 1890. Its creator, Matvey Nikanorovich Glubokovsky (1857–1903), was an original and versatile personality. Born into the family of a poor rural priest in the Vologda province. He graduated from the seminary, but did not follow in his father's footsteps (by the way, his brother Nikolai became a prominent theologian, emigrated after 1917). Studied at the Lazarev Institute Oriental languages, but did not become an orientalist. He volunteered for the army, but did not become a military man either. Graduated in 1885 Faculty of Medicine Moscow State University, received a diploma as a doctor, but medicine did not become his profession. While still a student, he began working as a proofreader at Moskovskie Vedomosti, and soon began to lead the main sections of the newspaper, write editorials, and make scientific reviews. He also published in many other Russian newspapers and magazines. He was the author of poems, stories, plays and scientific treatises on medicine, mathematics and mineralogy. Even before the advent of Esperanto, he proposed a project for a world language based on mathematics. Patented several inventions.

In 1890, he created his weekly magazine, the purpose of which in the first issue proclaimed "the popularization of knowledge and the communication of all outstanding scientific and practical news in the most popular form, but without falling into a tabloid tone and standing aside from any tendentiousness and politicking." The then "Science and Life" had a format similar to today's "Spark", 16 pages and was published once a week.

In 1894, the publisher of Science and Life, considering that five rubles for an annual subscription was an unbearable price for many, began to publish the Delo magazine, also popular science, but characterized by more practical orientation and costing only a ruble a year.

Due to the serious illness of the editor, the publication of Science and Life ceased in 1900. Even before that, the magazine was clearly fading: its volume was reduced (some issues consisted of only two pages), previously published articles were often repeated, an announcement began to appear about the desire to sell the magazine to other hands.

In 1904–1906, a journal under this name was published in St. Petersburg under the editorship of the agronomist F.S. Gruzdev, but it was rather a socio-political and artistic publication that did not pay much attention to the popularization of science.

The publication was resumed only in 1934, under the editorship of N.L. Meshcheryakov (1865–1942), an old Bolshevik, publicist, later a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In a completely different historical setting, the journal largely retained the program of the old Science and Life. But, of course, instead of "renouncing tendentiousness and politicking" in the program article that opened the first issue, it was emphasized: "All questions in the articles of our journal will be covered from the point of view of Marxism-Leninism."

In 1938, "Science and Life" became an organ of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1948, after the creation of the All-Union Society for the Propagation of Political and scientific knowledge passed into the system of this society. These reorganizations noticeably "dried up" the journal and made it of little interest. The content of the magazine was also strongly affected by the general atmosphere prevailing in the country by that time. Almost all the discoveries and developments of Soviet scientists could not be written for reasons of extreme secrecy. It was impossible to write about the achievements of foreign science and technology - after all, this is propaganda of the capitalist way of life. Explanatory articles on many new branches of science and technology, for example, on the bourgeois sciences of genetics and cybernetics, could not appear in the journal. It was impossible to report even some natural phenomena, for example, about earthquakes on the territory of the USSR, so that hostile propaganda does not pick up this topic.

From 1943 to 1961, the journal was headed by Alexander Sergeevich Fedorov, a metallurgical engineer.

A new era of Science and Life began in 1961, when Viktor Nikolaevich Bolkhovitinov (1912–1980), a physicist by education, a journalist by profession, and a poet by vocation, became the editor-in-chief. Viktor Nikolayevich was born into a family of teachers in the city of Sasov (now the Ryazan region). He grew up in an atmosphere of deep respect for knowledge and an equally deep conviction in the need to share this knowledge, to spread it.

VN Bolkhovitinov began his career as a tractor driver at a local state farm, then worked as a miner and electrician. After graduating from the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University, he worked as an engineer-physicist, taught at high school, at the university, was on research work at the research institute. More than ten years he worked in the magazine "Technology - Youth". VN Bolkhovitinov's Peru owns artistic essays on figures of science and culture - Mendeleev, Tsiolkovsky, Newton, Lobachevsky, Gorky, Leonov. His book "Centuries" about the outstanding Russian physicist was published more than once in the ZhZL series. He was a member of the editorial board of Litgazeta. Bolkhovitinov also wrote poems, but never published them in his journal; several poems were published in Science and Life only after his death.

He dreamed of creating his own popular science magazine, which was no less difficult in the middle of the last century than it is now, although for different reasons. First, Viktor Nikolaevich tested and honed his ideas about what a public journal about science and technology should be like, creating in 1956 under the auspices of the Komsomol a magazine for youth " Young Technician”, which was a great success among young people. A few years later, having managed to achieve a special resolution of the all-powerful Central Committee of the CPSU, Bolkhovitinov set about reorganizing the boring journal Science and Life, then intended mainly for lecturers and activists of the All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge.

Literally in a few months, taking with him from the editorial office of "Young Technician" most employees, Viktor Nikolaevich turned the magazine into an interesting, lively and accessible reading for the whole family. Of course, the situation in the country, which had changed by that time due to the “thaw”, and the weakening of censorship and ideological restrictions contributed to the success. The circulation in a few years grew more than 20 times, so that the subscription had to be limited so that all the paper produced in the USSR did not go to Science and Life. The design, the scheme of the magazine, laid down in 1961, turned out to be so promising and durable that it is maintained to this day, even the main headings invented at that time have been preserved.

From 1980 to 2008, the magazine was headed by Igor Konstantinovich Lagovsky, an engineer, a participant in World War II, who defended the skies of Moscow. Since 1951, Igor Konstantinovich began to publish in popular science magazines, without leaving the profession of an engineer, and in 1956 V.N. Bolkhovitinov invited him to work in the newly organized "Young Technician". Igor Konstantinovich became there first as a literary worker, and then as deputy editor-in-chief. In September 1960, he moved to Science and Life and worked there as an executive secretary until April 1961, when, during the reorganization of the journal, he was appointed deputy editor-in-chief. The author of numerous popular science articles and notes, the author of the book "Your Free Time", which was repeatedly reprinted.

Now there are not so many employees left in the editorial office who were part of the team created by Bolkhovitinov and his friends, but, apparently, the charge received then is so strong that it is transferred to those who come again. Or maybe the fact is that the new employees, of course, read "Science and Life" in childhood and adolescence.

Science people. Kirill Stasevich. Ilizarov effect, pp. 2-7
8-11 Bureau of Foreign Scientific and Technical Information. The materials of the rubric used reports from the following publications: "Economist", "Nature" and "New Scientist" (Great Britain), "Der Spiegel" (Germany), "Discover", "Photonics Spectra", "Science" and "Science News" ( USA), "Archéologia" and "Sciences et Avenir" (France), as well as information from the Internet, pp. 8-11
1. Bison relatives, p. 8
2. Germs on the plane, page 8
3. Blue-eyed alcoholics, page 8
4. The importance of being born first, page 8
5. Pyramid in infrared light, page 9
6. Mars will get a ring, page 9
7. Potatoes on Mars, pp. 9-10
8. Spices contribute to longevity, page 10
9. Millstones were cut down here, p. 10
10. Nanosubmarine engine, page 11
11. Is the Flood Coming?, p. 11
12. Voodoo on x-ray, page 11
The science. Long range search. Vladislav Izmodenov. Where is the boundary of the heliosphere?, pp. 12-21
News from institutes and laboratories. Elena Grishechkina. Magnetic response to "bad cells", pp. 22-23
New technologies. Semyon Ivanov. Computer vision for toll roads, pp. 25-29
What they write about popular science magazines peace. The materials of the column are based on reports from the following journals: "BBC Science Focus" and "New Scientist" (Great Britain), "Bild der Wissenschaft", "Geo" and "Max Planck Forschung" (Germany), "Science News", "Skeptic Magazine" and "Skeptical Inquirer" (USA), "Archéologia", "Cam" interesse" and "Science et Vie" (France, pp. 30-33
1. Healing Sounds, page 30
2. Monkey Kitchen, pp. 30-31
3. The problem of polymer waste, p. 32
4. Around the World in Seconds, page 33
5. Figures and facts, page 33
Documents of history. An excerpt from the book by Vladimir Gubarev " Passion for Chernobyl(documentary)", pp. 34-40
Photobook. Leonid Kizilstein, Arkady Spitzgluz. Inertinite - the keeper of life?, pp. 41-42
Face to face with nature. Alexander Ivoylov. Outlandish mushrooms, pp. 44-48
TV channel Science. Andrey Shestakov. Bacteria are beautiful and we need them, page 49
Kunstkamera, pp. 50-51
The world of hobbies. Vladimir Hort. Magic Cube: Speed Build Records, pp. 52-54
Exhibitions, presentations, fairs. Yuri Egorov. Life is in motion..., pp. 55-59
Correspondence with readers. From the history of families. The section is led by Vladimir Maksimov, pp. 60-61
History pages. Evgeny Lomovsky. German cross, pp. 62-74
Reader. Antoine de Saint-Exupery. War pilot(story, translation by A. Teterevnikova). Excerpt, pp. 75-78
One hundred years ago. Science and life at the beginning of the 20th century, p. 80
1. Organization scientific research in Russia. "Nature", 1916
2. Thermoelement for medicine. "World Technical Review", 1916
3. Phones from Moscow. "City business", 1916
Mind chamber. Cognitive and developmental section for schoolchildren, pp. 81-95
1. How does it work. Maxim Abaev. From Galileo's thermoscope to optical fiber, or How and how temperature is measured, pp. 81-87
2. Details for the curious. What degrees to measure?, pp. 86-87
3. Conversations about language. Elena Pervushina. Talan - talent, sweets - sweets(article), pp. 88-89
4. Face to face with nature, pp. 90-94
  1. Vadim Boyarkin, Yulia Nakhimova. Crackling neighbor, pp. 90-93
  2. Vasily Vishnevsky. thunderstorm plants Chafer, pp. 93-94
5. Biography of things. Yuri Frolov. Rubber pencil(article), page 95
Human nature. Mark Sofer. Under the sound of rain..., pp. 96-97
Answers and solutions. Eugene Gik. How to grow early cucumbers(article), pp. 98-99
Yuri Frolov. Birds in the rain(work (other)), page 99
Books at work. Raphael Nudelman. Homo Sapiens Ciliaris (selected chapters from a new book), pp. 100-103
On the garden plot. Andrey Udovitsky. Potatoes in the garden - plenty of winter, pp. 104-106
Gardener, take note. Kostanay-style experiment, p. 107
Chess. Eugene Gik.

The fate of a kilowatt, or what kind of energy do we pay for?
E. Veshnyakovskaya

BUREAU OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Laser geodesy. An overpass instead of an embankment. Vacuum at the post. Click on gas - on natural.

Life seems to have been found. But not where you were looking
L. Xanfomality, Dr. Phys.-Math. Sciences

Science and life at the beginning of the 20th century.

EXPO-2012: touches to the portrait.

Two monologues about the unified state exam(the material was prepared by E. Veshnyakovskaya).
M. Verbitskaya, Dr. philol. Sciences, and A. Podlazov, Ph.D. Phys.-Math. Sciences

NEWS FROM INSTITUTES, LABORATORIES, EXPEDITIONS
Neurons from nanowires.
The question of life in Lake Vostok remains open.
N. Krupenik
Unique finds of the Yukagir community: to be studied.
E. Mashchenko, G. Boeskorov, A. Protopopov

Yugoslavia: Slavic dream (article one).
A. Alekseev

BUREAU OF FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION
One cell is enough. Molecule tied in a knot. Komaru is not afraid of rain. All living things shrink. The dinosaur is alive. The next station is aerodynamic. Ash and ash locator. Buttercup secret. The hamster sleeps - telomeres grow. Sports and post. Cotton transistors. There are fewer asteroids. Plastic plane. Email: end of conversation?

Snezhinsk (Ural fairy tale).
V. Gubarev

From the history of families.
A. Superanskaya, Dr. philol. Sciences

Novelties of technology for biologists.
L. Aksyonova, Ph.D. biol. Sciences

"The best thing in life is the knowledge of beauty."
V. Tyazhelov

Photobook. The immune system In action.

WHAT THE WORLD'S POPULAR SCIENCE MAGAZINES WRITE ABOUT
How to become a London taxi driver. The people want to know. Without a single penny. Figures and facts.

Subscription to the journal "Science and Life" for the 2nd half of 2012.

"UMA CHAMBER"
Cognitive and developmental section for schoolchildren
The most important mineral
P. Obraztsov, Ph.D. chem. Sciences
Science on its knees.
Was there anything before the Big Bang?
E. Levitan, Dr. ped. Sciences
Where does anchar grow?
Y. Frolov, biologist
Fishing incident.
D. Zykov
In the power of sections.
N. Karpushina
"Fast skin" shark design.
A. Leontiev, Ph.D. chem. Sciences