September 15th, 2017 risusan7
Illustration for the comedy "Woe from Wit" thin. D.N. Kardovsky
Friends, when looking at examples of essays, remember that their author is a person who also tends to make mistakes. Do not write off these works, as you will get a "failure" due to non-fulfillment of requirement number 2:
"Independence of writing the final essay (presentation)"
The final essay is performed independently. Copying of an essay (fragments of an essay) from any source is not allowed or reproduction from memory of someone else's text (work of another participant, text published in paper and (or) electronic form, etc.). "
A person becomes a person only in society. It is impossible to acquire thinking and speech, that is, that which distinguishes us from animals, without being in a society of our own kind. But society also consists of a collection of individuals. A thinking person from time to time asks himself a question that sounds something like this: "Man for society or society for man"?
At first glance, everything is simple. Of course, a person is for society, because it has more serious levers of influence on an individual individual than he does on society. Naturally, this is a blessing when it is necessary to neutralize a criminal, but often bright progressive personalities fall under the social press.
In the literature there are examples of a clash between the personality and the majority, and often this conflict ended in the defeat of the hero. And no matter how advanced a person's views are: if society is not ready to accept new ideas, it will "squeeze" the dissenter out of its ranks. Immediately I remember the main character of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov. Chatsky, who was educated abroad, denounces the vices of Famus society: reverence for rank, bribery, ignorance. It is clear that he does it abruptly, with youthful fervor, but Alexander Andreevich boldly throws an ugly truth in the face of the representatives of the “past century”. The answer was not long in coming: the ardent denouncer is declared insane. This is a tragic story about how a person who tried to show society the way to its better development ended up behind an impenetrable wall of incomprehension.
True, in world history there are cases when an individual person helps make a society a huge leap forward in development. We owe to Michael Faraday the domestication of electricity, life without which it is difficult to imagine now. I.P. Pavlov - the creation of the science of higher nervous activity. A.S. We remember and honor Pushkin as the founder of the modern Russian language and literature. Examples of the strong influence of an individual on society are also found in literature. So, Sim from the story of R. Bradbury "Ice and flames"Thanks to his perseverance and courage, he saved people from imminent death, leading them to the spaceship. The hero could, along with other members of the tribe, quietly spend his short eight-day life, but he chose to devote it to the struggle for salvation from the hellish planet. Individuals like Shem overcome the distrust of society and lead people to a better future. But do not forget that any genius does not grow up in a vacuum, but among other people who influence him.
In my opinion, in the philosophical equation "man for society" or "society for man" should be equal, because every person needs other people, and the development of society depends on the contribution of every sane person.
(381 words)
[Direction "Man and Society": an example of a final essay]
People understand that they can and should cope with the brutal regime. As a result, an entire rebel movement unfolds, the symbol of which is Kiniss. Society is changing radically. Of course, the war for individual rights and freedoms was the work of an entire people, not just Katniss. However, it was her example that gave impetus to changes in society. Therefore, it can be argued that one person can have a great impact on society, ignite a spark in it, from which the flame of change will subsequently flare up. When does a conflict arise between a person and a society? Thesis + arguments See Example essay What does it mean to find your place in society? Thesis + arguments See
Arguments from the literature in the direction of "man and society"
He is bright, ardent, eager to learn something new, impatient and passionate. It is he who defends freedom, art, intelligence and brings a new high morality to the Famusian world, however, the prim world of Famusov does not accept changes and cuts off any rudiments of a new, bright and beautiful in the bud. Such is the eternal conflict between the progressive personality and the crowd, which gravitates towards conservatism.
- The main character of the novel, M.Yu.
Lermontov's "A Hero of Our Time". Pechorin does not accept many well-established social rules, but still tries to find a common language with the world around him. His personality, like the personalities of many others, is formed under the influence of several forces: the first is his will, the second is the society and the era in which he exists. Internal torment makes Pechorin seek harmony among other people.
All arguments for the final essay. direction "man and society"
His small fortunes turn into large ones in the enclosed space of the camp. Prisoner number eight hundred and fifty-four did not become stale and obsolete. He is still capable of compassion and pity for his neighbor. In contrast to Ivan Denisovich, camp guards were appointed, who ensured a wonderful life for themselves by turning prisoners into slaves.
They put themselves above the inhabitants of the camp, thereby violating human laws, excluding themselves from human society.
- Contrasts the hero with society and A.P. Chekhov in the story "Ionych". At the beginning of the work, we see Dmitry Ionych Startsev, a zemstvo doctor, who is opposed to the heroes of the city of S., gray and ignorant people. This is especially evident in the example of the Turkins family, whom Startsev visits.
Man and society: exam, problem, arguments, examples (final essay)
Below will be presented examples and additional materials for developing the theme of man and society in the final essay. Man and society - this is how one of the themes of the final composition sounds. The topic is vast, multifaceted and deep. Man, individual, personality - in this sequence it is customary to build the "path" that people go through in the process of socialization.
The last term is familiar to us from the lessons of social studies. It means the process of embedding a person into society. This is a lifelong journey. Exactly so: throughout life we interact with society, change under its influence, change it with our ideas, thoughts and deeds.
Society is a complex system of interaction of its individuals with all their interests, needs and worldview. Man is unthinkable without society, just like society is without man. Society generates intelligence, meaning and will.
Final essay
Mad World "frightens the hero, internal torments torment him. In addition to this, love twists and turns appear. His feelings for Aksinya, forbidden, but deep, push Melekhov to serious deeds - he leaves his family, goes against the generally accepted norms in order to finally solve all the troubles and storms of the soul. He, tired of constant reflections and discord, wants peace and tranquility.
That is why, returning home, Melekhov throws the gun into the water. However, a shortsighted society does not accept his quest, sticks the yoke of a "traitor" and persecutes an already unarmed and broken person, knowing no compassion.
- FM Dostoevsky in his novel "Crime and Punishment" shows what the decline of society is pushing its ordinary citizens. There are several reasons that Rodion Raskolnikov decided to kill the old money-lender.
One of them certainly has its roots in Rodion's personality.
Ralph Emerson
- Can a person remain civilized outside of society?
- Is one person capable of changing society? Or is one not a warrior in the field?
List of basic literature for the direction of the final essay "Man and Society": E. Zamyatin "We" MA Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin" A.S.
Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" A.P. Platonov "Yushka"; L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" by M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful" I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov" M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" M.
Important
Sholokhov "Quiet Don" A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One day of Ivan Denisovich" A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". Man and society - arguments for the composition The mutual influence of man and society is absolutely obvious. This influence can take the form of harmonious interaction, conflict or struggle.
Arguments to the topics man and society
This is exactly how Daniel Defoe acted for the good of society, demonstrating with his work "Robinson Crusoe" that even an individual human person is capable of doing a lot; Jonathan Swift, who with his novel "Gulliver's Travels" clearly showed social injustice and offered options for salvation, etc. The second way a person changes society is radical, aggressive, revolutionary. It is used in a situation where a way out is inevitable, when the contradictions between society and the individual have escalated to the point that they can no longer be resolved through negotiations.
Examples of such situations are the bourgeois revolutions in England, France, and the Russian Empire. I believe that the second path in literature was most vividly shown by F.M. Dostoevsky in his novel "Crime and Punishment".
FIPI commentary: “For the topics of this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the personality, but the personality is also capable of influencing society. Topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict.
It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person should obey social laws, and society should take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization. " So, let's try to figure out from what positions these two concepts can be viewed. 1. Personality and society (in agreement or in opposition).
Arguments to the topics man and society literature
For the sake of a career, he is ready to look after Famusov's daughter and does not see anything reprehensible in this. To be obsequious, not to have your own opinion (“in my years I should not dare to have my own judgments”) - this is a universal recipe for success in Famus society. Molchalin with such a character and manners fits perfectly into high society, because he was formed under his influence.
Thesis 2 Sometimes it happens that a person does not share the views accepted in society, tries to defend his own opinion. And then society puts direct pressure on him. Perhaps the majority are not able to convince a person, make him change his principles, but society is quite capable of influencing his fate, moreover negatively. Arguments The comedy by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" clearly shows how society rejects Chatsky, whose views in everything contradict generally accepted ones.
Arguments to the topics man and society woe from wits
Attention
He has his own opinion on everything. For this, the Famus Society considers Chatsky a dangerous person. As a result, society recognizes Chatsky as a madman: "... You glorified me insane with your whole chorus ..." Why is this connection so important? The confrontation between man and society.
What is it based on? What are the key challenges? Conflict between man and society. Is this an eternal conflict? Can you go through it or will everything remain so for centuries? When is a society obliged to protect a person and respect his interests? What is the duty of a person to society? When is he obligated to serve the community? Is society a flock or a herd? When does society turn into a crowd? Why is the idea of an ideal society considered a utopia? Materials for the preparation of the final essay in the direction of "Man and Society" in the 2017-2018 academic year.
Arguments to the topics man and society yandex.direct
But a significant role in the student's decision was played by the society, mired in poverty and sins. Raskolnikov himself was strangled by lousy poverty, and he, susceptible to other people's suffering, went to a terrible crime. Nothing else makes sense in a society where money, simple pieces of paper have become the main value, and everyone has long forgotten about high morality. A simple girl Sonya Marmeladova takes the path of a prostitute in order to earn money for her family. And her father, not thinking about relatives, drinks everything in the taverns that stink of rotten human souls, while the weighty moneybags revel in their wealth, earned from the lives of ordinary people.
In the biological sense, man is a representative of the species Homo sapiens, a family of hominids, a detachment of primates, a class of mammals - the highest stage in the development of organic life on Earth. In the social sense, a person is a being that has arisen in a team, reproduces and develops in a team. Historically established norms of law, morality, everyday life, rules of thinking and language, aesthetic tastes, etc.
shape the behavior and mind of a person, make an individual person a representative of a certain way of life, culture and psychology. A person is an elementary unit of various groups and communities, including ethnic groups, states, etc., where he acts as a person. Recognized in international organizations and in the legislation of states, "human rights" are primarily the rights of the individual.
Loyalty and treason. "
Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about loyalty and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering them from a philosophical, ethical, psychological point of view and referring to life and literary examples.
The concepts of “loyalty” and “betrayal” are at the center of the plots of many works of different eras and characterize the actions of the heroes in a situation of moral choice both in personal relationships and in a social context.
References to the direction "Loyalty and treason"
A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin", "The Captain's Daughter", "Dubrovsky", "Stationmaster"
M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", "Fugitive".
N. V. Gogol "Taras Bulba", "The Inspector General"
I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
I. Goncharov "Oblomov"
A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", "Kreutzer Sonata", "Anna Karenina"
F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "Humiliated and Insulted"
N. M. Karamzin "Poor Liza"
N. S. Leskov "Lefty"
A. P. Chekhov "The Lady with the Dog", "About Love", "Jumping"
I. A. Bunin "Dark Alleys", "Russia", "Caucasus"
M. Gorky "Childhood"
L. Andreev "Judas Iscariot"
M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
A. I. Solzhenitsyn "One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich", "Matryonin dvor"
A. Platonov "Return"
B. Vasiliev "My Horses Are Flying"
V. Bykov "Sotnikov", "Wolf Pack", "Quarry"
V. Rasputin "Live and Remember", "French Lessons"
E. Nosov "White Goose"
V. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad", "Vasya Konakov"
V. Astafiev "Belogrudka"
G. Troepolsky "White Bim Black Ear"
Ch. Aitmatov "A snowstorm half-station or even a day lasts longer than a century"
E. Zamyatin "We"
V. Nabokov "Lolita"
L. Ulitskaya "Casus Kukotsky", "Daughter of Bukhara"
V. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow"
E. Murashova "Correction class"
P. Sanaev "Zero kilometer"
I. Kuramshina "Filial Duty"
W. Shakespeare "Macbeth"
S. Bronte "Jane Eyre"
EM. Remarque "Three comrades"
A. de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
F. S. Fitzgerald "The Great Gatsby"
J. Orwell "1984"
F. Sagan "In a month, in a year"
R.R. Tolkien "The Lord of the Rings"
E.E. Schmitt "Oscar and the Pink Lady"
Khaled Hosseini "The Wind Runner"
A. Gavalda "35 kilos of hope"
J. Picolt "Angel for Sister"
W. Sparks "The Diary of Memory"
Indifference and responsiveness "
Topics in this direction aim students at comprehending different types of a person's relationship to people and to the world (indifference to others, unwillingness to spend mental strength on someone else's life, or a sincere willingness to share his joys and troubles with his neighbor, to provide him with disinterested help).
In literature, we meet, on the one hand, heroes with a warm heart, ready to respond to other people's joys and troubles, and on the other, characters embodying the opposite, egoistic, personality type.
References to the direction "Indifference and responsiveness"
A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin", "The Bronze Horseman";
N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
F. I. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "The Idiot", "The Boy at Christ's on the Christmas Tree"
A. N. Ostrovsky "Poverty is not a vice"
V. G. Korolenko "Children of the Underground", "In a Bad Society"
N. S. Leskov "Old genius"
A. P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard", "Gooseberries", "Tosca", "In the Pharmacy"
A. I. Kuprin "Wonderful Doctor"
L. N. Andreev "Kusaka", stories
M. A. Gorky "The Legend of Danko"
I. A. Bunin "The gentleman from San Francisco", "Lapti"
M. A. Bulgakov "Notes of a young doctor"
A. P. Platonov "Yushka"
A. S. Green "Scarlet Sails"
M. A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
A. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard"
V. Shukshin "Chudik"
K. Paustovsky "Telegram", "Warm Bread"
V. Astafiev "Tsar-Fish", "Lyudochka"
F. Abramov "Pelageya", "Alka"
V. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera", "Live and Remember", "French Lessons"
A. Pristavkin "A golden cloud spent the night"
E. Nosov "Akimych (Doll)";
A. Aleksin "Signalers and buglers", "In the meantime, somewhere" and others
D. Likhachev "Return to Mara"
B. Ekimov "Night of Healing"
Y. Yakovlev "Boy with Skates"
V. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow"
L. Ulitskaya "Daughter of Bukhara"
O. Balzac "Father Goriot"
J. Austin "Pride and Prejudice"
F. Kafka "Castle in the Air"
W. Golding "Lord of the Flies"
A. de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
R. Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451"
P. Coelho "Veronica Decides to Die"
L. Oliver "Before I Fall"
D. Keyes "Flowers for Algernon"
M. Zuzak "The Book Thief"
T.M. Kennelly "Schindler's List"
Goals and means "
The concepts of this direction are interrelated and allow one to think about the life aspirations of a person, the importance of meaningful goal-setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means of achieving it, as well as the ethical assessment of human actions.
In many literary works, characters are represented who, deliberately or mistakenly, have chosen unsuitable means to realize their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal serves only as a cover for the true (base) plans. Such characters are opposed by heroes for whom the means of achieving a high goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality.
References to the direction "Aims and Means"
A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin", "Station Keeper", "Shot", "Dubrovsky"
N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
A. N. Ostrovsky "Dowry", "Poverty is not a vice"
L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
N. S. Leskov "Old genius"
F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
A. Pogorelsky "Black hen, or Underground inhabitants"
V. M. Garshin "Signal"
A. P. Chekhov "Ionych", "Gooseberry"
I. A. Bunin "The gentleman from San Francisco"
M. Gorky "Song of the Falcon", "Chelkash"
M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog", "The Master and Margarita"
M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", "Quiet Don"
I. Ilf, E. Petrov "Twelve Chairs", "Golden Calf"
A. S. Green "Scarlet Sails"
A. I. Solzhenitsyn "The Gulag Archipelago", "In the First Circle", "Matryonin Dvor"
V. Kaverin "Two Captains"
V. Shukshin "Boots"
V. Rasputin "Live and Remember", "French Lessons", "Farewell to Matera"
V. Astafiev "Horse with a pink mane"
Yu. German "The cause you serve"
S. Ya. Marshak "Twelve months"
V. T. Shalamov "The last battle of Major Pugachev"
DS Likhachev "Letters about good and beautiful" (Letter one. Big in small, Letter third. Biggest, Letter six. Purpose and self-esteem)
R. Sabatini "The Odyssey of Captain Blood"
J.-B. Moliere "Tartuffe"
R. Bradbury "Ice and Fire";
O. Wilde "Portrait of Dorian Gray"
O. Henry "Gifts of the Magi"
F. Sagan "Hello, sadness"
D. Boyne "Boy in striped pajamas"
A. Haley "Hotel"
S. King "Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Rescue"
Ch. Palahniuk "Fight Club"
E. Burgess "A Clockwork Orange"
K. Vonnegut "Cat's Cradle"
E. Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea"
W. Thackeray "Vanity Fair"
Courage and cowardice "
This direction is based on the comparison of the opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of difficult, sometimes extreme life situations.
On the pages of many literary works, both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will are presented.
References to the direction "Courage and cowardice"
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", "Dubrovsky", "Shot"
A. I. Goncharov "Oblomov"
I. S. Turgenev "Mumu"
A.N. Ostrovsky "Poverty is not a vice"
L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "The village of Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants"
N. S. Leskov "Old genius"
V. M. Garshin "Coward"
M. Gorky "Song of the Falcon", "Old woman Izergil"
A. I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet"
M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", "Quiet Don"
A. Tvardovsky "Vasily Turkin"
B. Polevoy "The Story of a Real Man"
V. Zakrutkin "Human Mother"
E. Schwartz "An Ordinary Miracle"
B. Zhitkov "Bravery"
B. Vasiliev "Not on the lists", "And the dawns here are quiet ..."
V. T. Shalamov "The Last Battle of Major Pugachev";
V. Bykov "Sotnikov", "Crane Cry", "Obelisk"
V. G. Rasputin "Live and Remember", "French Lessons"
Ch. Aitmatov "Plakha"
D. Rubin "Adam and Miriam"
V. Aksyonov "Moscow Saga"
V. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow"
A. Aleksin "Late Child"
E. M. Remarque "All Quiet on the Western Front", "Three Comrades", "Life on Loan"
J. Verne "Fifteen Years Captain"
G. Maupassant "Dear friend"
R.R. Tolkien "The Hobbit"
R. Bradbury "Ice and Fire";
D. Boyne "Boy in striped pajamas"
J. Rowling "Harry Potter"
R. Riggs "House of Peculiar Children"
Man and society"
For topics in this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the personality, but the personality is also capable of influencing society. Topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person should obey social laws, and society should take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization.
List of books to the direction "Man and Society"
G.R. Derzhavin "To Sovereigns and Judges"
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin", "Station Keeper", "Dubrovsky"
M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young oprichnik and daring merchant Kalashnikov"
I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
I. S. Turgenev "Biryuk", "Fathers and Sons"
N. A. Nekrasov "For whom it is good for us to live in Russia"
A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
N. S. Leskov "Old genius", "Lefty"
L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", "After the Ball"
F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "The Boy at Christ's on the Christmas Tree"
M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Bear in the Voivodeship", "The Wild Landowner"
V. G. Korolenko "In a bad society"
A. P. Chekhov "Chameleon", "Thick and Thin", "Surgery", "Tosca", "Gooseberry", "Man in a Case", "Ionych"
A. I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet"
I. A. Bunin "The gentleman from San Francisco", "Dark alleys"
M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita", "Heart of a Dog"
M. Sholokhov "Quiet Don", "The Fate of a Man"
A. S. Green "Scarlet Sails"
V. T. Shalamov "Kolyma stories" ("Children's pictures", etc.)
A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard", "One day of Ivan Denisovich", "Gulag Archipelago", "In the first circle"
A. P. Platonov "Yushka"
V. G. Rasputin "Live and Remember", "French Lessons", "Fire"
B. Vasiliev "Don't Shoot White Swans"
E. Zamyatin "We"
D. S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful" (Letter Seven. What unites people?)
V. Krapivin "Boy with a sword"
E. M. Remarque "Shadows in Paradise"
S. Maugham "Luna and Grosch"
R. Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451", "Ice and Fire"
J. Orwell "1984"
The Catcher in the Rye by D. Salinger
O. Huxley "Brave New World"
T. Capote "Breakfast at Tiffany's"
K. Kesey "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest"
H. Lee "To Kill a Mockingbird"
D. Keyes "Flowers for Algernon"
P.S. If you look closely at the lists, you will notice that some books are repeated in each direction, for example, A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace", F. I. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", M Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", V. G. Rasputin "Live and Remember", "French Lessons".
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Final essay Man and Society
FIPI official commentary: For the topics of this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the personality, but the personality is also capable of influencing society. Topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person should obey social laws, and society should take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization.
Vocabulary work: Man is a living being, unlike an animal, possessing the gift of speech and thought and the ability to create and use tools in the process of social labor, the owner of the best moral and intellectual properties. Society is a set of certain production relations, which forms a special stage of development in the history of mankind. An organization, an association of people who set themselves some common tasks.
Synonyms: Personality, individual, being. Union, community, community, fellowship, circle, environment.
Aphorisms and sayings of famous people “Man is created for society. He is incapable and does not have the courage to live alone "W. Blackstone" We were born to unite with our human brothers and with all the human race "Cicero" Nature creates man, but develops and forms his society "V. G. Belinsky
“Society is a capricious being, disposed to those who indulge its whims, and not at all to those who contribute to its development” V.G. Krotov “You don't need to be the greatest genius to do great things; you do not need to be higher than people, you need to be with them "C. Montesquieu" A man without people is like a body without a soul. You will never die with the people. ... The most wonderful life is a life lived for other people "H. Keller
“You shouldn't be guided by public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but wandering lights. " for future generations what the predecessors did for us "G. Lichtenberg" All roads lead to people "A. de Saint-Exupery
Methodical recommendations: The emergence of a person and the emergence of society is a single process. No man, no society. There is no society, no man. In the social sense, a person is a being that has arisen in a team, reproduces and develops in a team. Historically established norms of law, morality, everyday life, rules of thinking and language, aesthetic tastes form a personality, make an individual a representative of a certain way of life, culture and psychology.
What do we call society? In a narrow sense, society is a collection of people who realize that they have constant common interests that can be satisfied best of all only by their own actions. In a broad sense, society is part of the world. It includes not only all living people. Society is characterized by continuous development, which means that it has a present, past and future. Generations of people who lived in the distant and very recent past have not left without a trace. From them, people living now received language, science, art, and practical skills. If it were not so, then every generation would have to start with the invention of the stone ax.
So, society is all of humanity in its history, modernity and perspective. The unification of people in a society does not depend on someone's desire. Entry into human society occurs without a declaration: every born person is naturally included in the life of society. How does society affect a person? Is one person capable of changing society? Can a person remain civilized outside of society? Literature answers these questions, the subject of which is man and personality in the unity of their world perception and world outlook.
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" The image of Chatsky - a new, intelligent, developed person - is opposed to Famus society. All the guests of Famusov go numb with delight at the sight of any visiting Frenchman from Bordeaux, copy the customs and outfits of foreign milliners and rootless visiting rogues who got hold of Russian bread. Through the lips of Chatsky, Griboyedov, with the greatest passion, exposed this unworthy servility to a stranger and contempt for his own. A distinctive feature of Chatsky as a strong person in comparison with prim Famus society is the fullness of feelings. In everything he shows true passion, he is always an ardent soul. He is hot, witty, eloquent, full of life, impatient. At the same time, Chatsky is the only openly positive character in the comedy of Griboyedov.
M.Yu.Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" The soul and character of a person are formed in a constant struggle: on the one hand, according to the aspirations of his will, on the other, by society and the era. Exploring the psychology of the hero, the author presents Pechorin as a hero of his time. He seeks by any means to remove masks from those around him, to see their true faces, to understand what each of them is capable of. "Hero of Our Time" is a novel about self-realization of an individual, her responsibility to people and her own "I". Pechorin is full of rebellious rejection of the foundations of the existing society, therefore his attempts to get closer to people, to find some kind of harmonious balance in relations with them are fruitless.
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace" St. Petersburg high society is a special world with its own laws, customs, morals, the intellectual center of the country, oriented towards Europe. But the first thing that catches your eye when describing relationships in this society is unnaturalness. All representatives of the high society are accustomed to playing roles, and behind the actor's mask there is no person, there is only emptiness and indifference. The image of society serves not only as a force that forms views, opinions, principles of thinking and ideals of behavior, but also as a background for expressing bright personalities through it, thanks to whose high moral qualities and heroism the Patriotic War of 1812 was won, which in many ways affected the future fate the state.
M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil" In "Old Woman Izergil" the image of the young man Larra is contrasted with the image of Danko. Gorky emphasizes: freedom alone is not freedom. Freedom has value only when it is connected with society, with people. Man is a social being. A person must do everything to live in peace and harmony with others. The young man Danko is the absolute opposite of Larra. For the sake of the freedom of his people, he makes a great sacrifice - he gives his life for the good of his native tribe. Danko did not expect gratitude for his sacrifice. He existed for the sake of people, for their good. Danko did not remember himself, he was constantly worried about others. This hero is Gorky's romantic ideal.
MA Sholokhov "The Quiet Don" MA Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" AI Solzhenitsyn "One Day in Ivan Denisovich" Ray Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451"
Examples of topics: How is the conflict between a person and society manifested? Do you agree with the statement of Plautus: "man to man is a wolf"? What, in your opinion, does the thought of A. de Saint-Exupery mean: "All roads lead to people"? Can a person exist outside of society? Can a person change society? How does society affect a person? Does society bear responsibility for every person? How does society influence the opinion of an individual? Do you agree with GK Lichtenberg's statement: “In every person there is something from all people. Is it possible to live in society and be free from it? What is Tolerance? Why is it important to maintain individuality? Confirm or refute the statement of A. de Stael: “You cannot be confident either in your behavior or in your well-being when we make it dependent on people's opinion” Do you agree with the statement: “Inequality humiliates people and lodges disagreement and hatred between them "?
Do you find it fair to think that strong people are often lonely? Is Tyutchev's opinion that “any weakening of mental life in society inevitably entails an increase in material inclinations and vile selfish instincts”? Are social norms of behavior necessary? What kind of person can be called dangerous to society? Do you agree with the statement of V. Rozanov: “Society, those around them, diminish the soul, not add. "Adds" only the closest and rare sympathy, "soul to soul" and "one mind" "? Can any person be called a person? What happens to a person cut off from society? Why should society help the disadvantaged? How do you understand the statement of I. Becher: “A person becomes a person only among people”? Do you agree with the statement of H. Keller: “The most beautiful life is a life lived for other people” In what situations does a person feel lonely in society? What is the role of personality in history? How does society influence human decisions? Confirm or refute the statement of I. Goethe: "Only in people can a person know himself." How do you understand the statement of F. Bacon: "Everyone who loves loneliness is either a wild beast or the Lord God"?
Is a person responsible to society for their actions? Is it difficult to defend your interests in front of society? How do you understand the words of S.E. Leza: "Zero is nothing, but two zeros already mean something"? Do I need to express my opinion if it differs from the opinion of the majority? There is safety in numbers? What is more important: personal interests or the interests of society? What does the indifference of society to a person lead to? Do you agree with the opinion of A. Maurois: “You should not be guided by public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but wandering lights ”? How do you understand the expression "little man"? Why does a person strive to be original? Does society need leaders? Do you agree with the words of Karl Marx: “If you want to influence other people, then you must be a person who really stimulates and moves other people forward”? Can a person devote his life to the interests of society? Who is a misanthrope? As you understand the statement of A.S. Pushkin: "The frivolous light actually mercilessly drives what is allowed in theory"? What does inequality in society lead to?
FIPI commentary on the direction "Man and Society" :
"For the topics of this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the personality, but the personality is also capable of influencing society. It is no less important to think about the conditions under which a person should obey social laws, and society should take into account the interests of each person.Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization. "
Recommendations for students:
The table contains works that reflect any concept related to the direction "Man and Society". You DO NOT NEED to read all of the works listed. You may have read a lot by now. Your task is to revise your reading knowledge and, if you find a lack of arguments in one direction or another, fill in the gaps. In this case, you will need this information. Think of it as a reference point in the vast world of literary works. Please note: the table contains only a part of the works in which the problems we need are present. This does not mean at all that you cannot use completely different arguments in your works. For convenience, each work is accompanied by small explanations (the third column of the table), which will help you navigate how exactly, through which characters, you will need to rely on literary material (the second mandatory criterion when evaluating a graduation essay)
An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Man and Society"
| Direction | Approximate list of literary works | Carriers of the problem |
|---|---|---|
| Man and society | A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" | Chatsky challenges Famus society |
| A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" | Eugene Onegin, Tatiana Larina- representatives of a secular society - becomes hostages of the laws of this society. | |
| M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" | Pechorin- a reflection of all the vices of the younger generation of their time. | |
| I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov" | Oblomov, Stolz- representatives of two types generated by society. Oblomov is a product of a passing era, Stolz is a new type. | |
| A. N. Ostrovsky. "Thunderstorm" | Katerina- a ray of light in the "dark kingdom" of Kabanikha and the Wild. | |
| A.P. Chekhov. "Man in a Case". | Teacher Belikov his attitude to life poisons the life of everyone around him, and his death is considered by society as a deliverance from something heavy | |
| A. I. Kuprin "Olesya" | The love of a "natural person" ( Olesya) and human civilization Ivan Timofeevich could not stand the test of public opinion and social order. | |
| V. Bykov "Round-up" | Fedor Rovba- a victim of a society living in a difficult period of collectivization and repression. | |
| A. Solzhenitsyn "One day of Ivan Denisovich" | Ivan Denisovich Shukhov- a victim of Stalinist repressions. | |
| R. Brdbury. "A Sound of Thunder" | The responsibility of each person for the fate of the whole society. | |
| M. Karim "Pardon" | Lubomyr Zukh- a victim of war and wartime laws. |
“Man and Society” is one of the themes of the final essay on literature for the 2019 graduates. From what positions can these two concepts be considered in the work?
For example, you can write about a person and society, about their interaction, both about consent and about opposition. The approximate ideas that might sound in this case are varied. This is a person as a part of society, the impossibility of his existence outside of society, and the influence of society on something related to a person: his opinion, tastes, life position. You can also consider the confrontation or conflict between an individual and society, in this case it will be useful to give examples from life, history or literature in the essay. This will not only make the piece less boring, but it will also give you a chance to improve your grade.
Another option about what to write about in the essay is the ability or, conversely, the inability to devote his life to public interests, philanthropy and its opposite - misanthropy. Or, perhaps, in your work you will want to consider in detail the issue of social norms and laws, morality, the mutual responsibility of society to a person and a person to society for all the past and the future. An essay dedicated to man and society in the state or historical plane, the role of personality (concrete or abstract) in history will also be interesting.
