2.1 Stationary and semi-stationary social services

Inpatient social services are provided in stationary institutions (boarding homes for the elderly and disabled, boarding homes for disabled people, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, etc.)

Senior citizens and disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who, for health reasons, need constant outside care and supervision, are sent to these institutions. In addition, a network of specialized institutions for disabled children has been created.

In recent years, nursing homes have become widespread, in which maintenance is carried out on a paid basis at the expense of the elderly themselves or the enterprises in which they worked.

Boarding houses accept citizens of retirement age (women from 55 years old, men from 60 years old), as well as disabled people of groups I and II over 18 years old, provided that they do not have able-bodied children or parents who are legally obliged to support them.

Only people with disabilities of groups I and II, aged 18 to 40, who do not have able-bodied children and parents who are legally obliged to support them, are admitted to boarding schools for the disabled.

The psycho-neurological boarding school admits persons suffering from chronic mental illnesses who need care, household services and medical assistance, regardless of whether they have relatives who are legally obliged to support them or not.

In stationary institutions, not only care and necessary medical care are carried out, but also rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and medical-labor nature.

Elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions are provided with:

1. material and household services (provision of living space, organization of rehabilitation measures, medical and labor activities, cultural and consumer services);

2. services for organizing meals, everyday life, leisure (hot meals, including dietary meals, provision of clothing, footwear, bedding, creation of conditions for religious rituals, etc.);

3.social and medical and sanitary and hygienic services (free medical care, providing care, assistance in carrying out medical and social examination, carrying out rehabilitation measures, assisting in hospitalization, assistance in prosthetics, ensuring sanitary and hygienic conditions in the premises);

4. organization of education for disabled people, taking into account their physical capabilities and mental abilities;

5. services related to social and labor rehabilitation (creation of conditions for the use of residual labor opportunities);

6. legal services;

7. assistance in organizing funeral services.

Citizens living in residential social service institutions are also entitled to exemption from punishment. Any punishment of elderly citizens and disabled people or the creation of facilities for the personnel of these institutions, the use of medicines, physical restraints, as well as the isolation of elderly citizens and disabled people are not allowed. The law provides for disciplinary administrative or criminal liability for persons guilty of violating this provision.

An application for admission to a boarding house along with a medical card is submitted to a higher-level social security organization, which issues a ticket to a boarding house. If a person is incapacitated, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application from his legal representative.

If necessary, with the permission of the director of the boarding house, a pensioner or disabled person can temporarily leave the social service institution for up to one month. A temporary exit permit is issued subject to a doctor's opinion, as well as a written commitment from relatives or other persons to provide care for the elderly or disabled.

The law provides for the right of citizens in inpatient social service institutions to refuse the services of these institutions, but on condition that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.

Persons in boarding homes for the elderly and disabled of a general type, systematically and grossly violating the rules of the internal order, can be transferred to special boarding homes (special departments) by a court decision, adopted on the basis of a submission from the administration of these institutions. They are created mainly for the elderly and disabled, previously convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violation of public order, who are engaged in vagrancy and begging, sent from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies. In addition, they are also sent to citizens in need of constant care, from among the most dangerous recidivists released from prison and other persons over whom administrative supervision has been established.

For persons without a fixed place of residence from among the elderly and disabled, specialized institutions are created (social shelters, social hotels, centers for social adaptation, etc.), in which a temporary place of stay is provided (including medical care, food, lodging) and measures for social adaptation are carried out persons who have lost socially useful connections (primarily persons released from places of imprisonment) to the conditions of life in society.

Social service institutions provide assistance not only to elderly and disabled people, but also to orphans, and are also actively working to solve the problems of child neglect, prevention of delinquency among adolescents of "social orphanhood", social assistance to persons without a fixed abode.

Children from 4 to 18 years old with mental or physical developmental abnormalities are admitted to the boarding school. At the same time, the placement of disabled children with physical disabilities in inpatient institutions intended for the residence of children with mental disorders is not allowed.

One of the types of social services for the disabled and elderly people are semi-hospitals created in municipal centers of social services or under the social protection of the population.

In the departments of day (night) stay, social, household, medical and cultural services are provided for elderly citizens and disabled people.

Semi-stationary social services are provided for the elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement and do not have medical contraindications for enrolling in such social services, as well as children who find themselves in difficult life situations.

The following types of services are provided in these institutions:

1 organization of food, everyday life and leisure (provision of hot meals, provision of bedding, provision of books, magazines, newspapers);

2 social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in carrying out rehabilitation programs for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc.) etc.);

3 assistance in obtaining education and training;

4 assistance in finding a job;

5 assistance in organizing legal services;

6 assistance in organizing funeral services.

For persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation in the system of social protection bodies, special institutions of a semi-stationary type are created - night houses, social shelters, social hotels, centers of social adaptation. These institutions provide:

2 coupons for one-time (once a day) free meals;

3 first aid;

4 personal hygiene items, sanitization;

6 assistance in providing prosthetics;

7 registration in a boarding house;

8 assistance in registration and recalculation of pensions;

9 assistance in employment, in the preparation of identity documents;

10 assistance in obtaining a medical insurance policy;

11 rendering of all-round assistance (consultations on legal will of dews, personal services, etc.).

social services for the disabled person Social services at home are carried out by providing social services to citizens in need of permanent or temporary non-stationary social services ...

Types of social services

In social service institutions during the daytime, social welfare is provided ...

Types of social services

Social services in inpatient social service institutions are carried out by providing social services to citizens ...

Types of social services

5) social counseling assistance. Let's consider in more detail each of the listed types of social services. one...

Types of social services

Organization of social work to protect the family, motherhood and childhood

Social services for the family - the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social and medical, psychological and pedagogical, legal services for the social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens ...

Inpatient social service institutions are institutions intended for permanent, temporary (from 2 to 6 months), weekly, daytime residence (stay) of the elderly and disabled people in need of outside social and domestic ...

Social worker work with a dysfunctional family

SO family - the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social and medical, psychological and pedagogical, legal services for the social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens ...

Social management system

Social services are the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social and medical, psychological and pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance ...

Social services for the disabled

Social services for people with disabilities is an activity to meet their needs for social services. It includes a set of social services ...

Social services for the population

The federal law "On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation" defines the state policy in the field of social protection of disabled people ...

Technologies of social work with people of retirement age

Inpatient care provided to elderly citizens in the social protection system is carried out in various institutions. These include general boarding houses, gerontological centers, neuropsychiatric boarding schools ...

Semi-stationary social services are used for elderly citizens and disabled people who are able to serve themselves and can actively move around. They should not have medical contraindications for enrollment in such social services. This group also includes children who find themselves in a difficult life situation.

The implementation of semi-stationary social services is carried out by semi-stationary organizations (enterprises, institutions) of social care or stay departments, both at night and during the day. They are formed in the centers of public social services and are used to help in carrying out measures in the field of social adaptation to the living conditions in society of social service clients who have lost socially useful ties.

Remark 1

Semi-stationary social services consist of medical care, social and cultural services. It is received by the disabled and elderly citizens.

In the institutions under consideration, services can be provided for:

1. organization of food, everyday life and leisure (for example, provision of hot food and drink, provision of bed linen, provision of newspapers, books, magazines, etc.);
2. social medical services (for example, receiving medical psychological assistance, sanitary and hygienic services, medical and recreational activities, rehabilitation measures for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium, spa treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc.);
3. education and training;
4. assistance in finding a job;
5. provision of legal services;
6. assistance for the organization of funeral services.

Features of semi-stationary service

For people without an appropriate place of residence and occupation, special semi-permanent institutions can be created, including a house for an overnight stay, a hotel or shelter, a center for social adaptation. Such organizations can provide overnight services, first aid, provision of personal hygiene and sanitization items, one-time free meals, consultations on household appliances and employment, assistance in the preparation of documents proving the identity of a person, identification in stationary institutions providing social services ...

Remark 2

For persons who are released from places of detention and who need social adaptation, in addition to the above services, assistance can be provided in the field of restoring lost social ties with the family, rights to housing, etc.

Social services at home

Social services at home can be one of the main forms of social services. Such services are aimed at maximizing the extension of the stay of the elderly and disabled in the usual conditions of the social environment to support their social status, including the protection of the legitimate interests and rights of such persons.

The guaranteed home-based social services can include services for:

1. catering, including home delivery;
2. assistance in purchasing medicines, food, essential goods;
3. assistance in obtaining medical care, including the process of escorting to medical institutions;
4. maintaining living conditions that meet hygiene requirements;
5. assistance in the organization of legal aid and services in the field of law;
6. assistance in organizing funeral services, funerals;
7. other social services of a domestic nature.

In the course of servicing the elderly and disabled people who live in residential premises that are not endowed with central heating (water supply), home-based social services may include assistance in providing water and fuel.

Remark 3

Social health care at home is provided for those in need of home-based social services. These can be elderly people and people with disabilities who suffer from mental disorders (at the stage of remission), tuberculosis (excluding its active form), severe diseases (including oncology) in the later stages.

For elderly (elderly) age and disabled people who are bacterial or virus carriers, or with their chronic alcoholism, quarantine in the event of an infectious disease, active form of tuberculosis, severe mental disorder, venereal and other diseases that require treatment in special health care organizations, home social services and social health services may be denied.

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Introduction

Chapter 1. Social services for people with disabilities and the elderly

1.1 Basic provisions of social services for people with disabilities and the elderly

1.2 Rights of persons with disabilities and the elderly in social services

Chapter 2. Characteristics of certain types of social services

2.1 Inpatient social services for the disabled and the elderly

2.2 Semi-stationary social services for the disabled and the elderly

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Vconducting

The relevance of my work is due, first of all, to the fact that in the modern world the proportion of elderly people and disabled people in the population is gradually increasing, similar trends are typical for our country. Their incomes are well below average, and their health and social needs are much higher.

Disability and old age are not only a problem of the individual, but also of the state and society as a whole. This category of citizens desperately needs not only social protection, but also an understanding of their problems on the part of the people around them, which will be expressed not in elementary pity, but in human sympathy and equal attitude towards them as fellow citizens.

The development of social services for the elderly and disabled is given increasing importance in our country every year, it is considered as an extremely necessary addition to monetary payments that significantly increase the efficiency of the entire state social security system.

The state, ensuring social protection of disabled and elderly citizens, is called upon to create the necessary conditions for their individual development, the realization of creative and production capabilities and abilities by taking into account their needs. Today this circle of people belongs to the most socially unprotected categories of the population. disabled social service empathy

The possibility of meeting the needs of an elderly person and a disabled person also becomes real when he is vested with the legal right to demand from the relevant competent authority the provision of a particular benefit, and this body is legally obliged to provide such a benefit.

The aim of the study is to consider the forms and methods of organizing social services for the disabled and the elderly, for which the following tasks have been set:

1. to clarify the concept of social services for the disabled and the elderly;

2. to consider disabled people and elderly citizens as subjects of social services;

3. to study such forms of social services as stationary and semi-stationary social services.

The object of the research is the norms of law aimed at social services for the disabled and the elderly.

The subject of the research is social services for the disabled and the elderly.

Research method - study and research of special scientific literature, regulatory legal acts.

Chapter 1. Social services for people with disabilities and the elderly

1.1 Basic provisions of social services for people with disabilities and the elderly

An integral part of the state system of social security in the Russian Federation is social services for the elderly and disabled, which includes various types of social services aimed at meeting the special needs of this category of persons. At present, the state is making great efforts to create a comprehensive system of social services for the population, to allocate funds for its development.

Social services are the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social and medical, psychological and pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations.

For the first time in domestic legislation, the concept of such a socially significant circumstance as a difficult life situation has been formulated.

A difficult life situation is a situation that objectively disrupts the vital activity of a citizen, which he cannot overcome on his own. The reasons for its occurrence can be a variety of circumstances: disability, old age, illness, orphanhood, abuse in the family, unemployment, lack of a definite place of residence, etc.

The following persons have the right to social services: citizens of the Russian Federation; foreigners and stateless persons, unless otherwise established by international treaties of the Russian Federation. Depending on the social status of those in need, as well as at their request, the form of services can take the following forms: free, the form of partial or full payment.

Social services are rendered free of charge: single elderly citizens (single married couples) and disabled people receiving a pension, including with allowances, in an amount below the subsistence minimum established for the region; elderly citizens and disabled people with relatives who, for objective reasons, cannot provide them with help and care, provided that the amount of the pension received by these citizens, including allowances, is lower than the subsistence level established for the given region; elderly citizens and people with disabilities living in families whose average per capita income is below the subsistence level established for the region.

Social services on a partial payment basis are rendered to: lonely elderly citizens (single married couples) and disabled people receiving a pension, including with allowances, in the amount of 100 to 150 percent of the subsistence minimum established for a given region; elderly citizens and disabled people with relatives who, for objective reasons, cannot provide them with assistance and care, provided that the amount of the pension received by these citizens, including allowances, is from 100 to 150 percent of the subsistence minimum established for this region; elderly citizens and people with disabilities living in families whose average per capita income is from 100 to 150 percent of the subsistence level established for the region.

On the basis of full payment, social services are provided to elderly citizens and people with disabilities living in families whose average per capita income exceeds by 150 percent the subsistence minimum established for a given region.

Activities in the field of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people are based on the principles:

1) Targeting. Providing personalized to a specific person. Work on identifying and creating a data bank of such persons is carried out by local bodies of social protection of the population at the place of residence of the disabled and the elderly.

2) Availability. The possibility of free and partially paid receipt of social services is provided, which are included in the federal and territorial lists of social services guaranteed by the state. Their quality, volume, procedure and conditions for their provision must comply with state standards established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Reducing their volume at the territorial level is not allowed.

3) Voluntariness. Social services are carried out on the basis of a voluntary appeal of a citizen, his guardian, trustee, another legal representative, a government body, a local government body or a public association. At any time, a citizen can refuse to receive social services.

4) Humanity. Citizens living in permanent institutions have the right to freedom from punishment. The use of drugs, physical restraints, and isolation is not allowed for the purpose of punishing or creating convenience for personnel. The persons who committed these violations are subject to disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability.

5) Confidentiality. Personal information that has become known to employees of a social service institution when providing social services is a professional secret. Employees guilty of disclosing it are liable under the law.

6) Preventive focus. One of the main goals of social services is to prevent negative consequences arising in connection with a citizen's life situation (impoverishment, exacerbation of diseases, homelessness, loneliness, and so on)

The lists of social services are determined taking into account the subjects to whom they are intended. The federal list of state-guaranteed social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, provided by state and municipal institutions of social services, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of November 25, 1995 No. 1151. On its basis, territorial lists are developed. Financing of services included in the lists is carried out at the expense of the corresponding budgets.

Control over the activities for the provision of social services is carried out by the social protection authorities, health authorities, and education authorities within their competence.

Public control is exercised by public associations that, in accordance with the constituent documents, are engaged in protecting the interests of elderly citizens, disabled people, and persons with mental disorders. One of such associations is the Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia

The supervision of compliance with the rule of law in this area is carried out by the prosecutor's office, whose assistance should be the most prompt.

Actions or inaction of state bodies, institutions, organizations and officials that entail violations of the rights of citizens can be appealed in court.

1.2 Rights of persons with disabilities and the elderly in social services

When receiving social services, elderly citizens and disabled people have the right to:

Respectful and humane attitude on the part of employees of social service institutions;

The choice of the institution and the form of social services in the manner prescribed by the bodies of social protection of the population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Information on their rights, obligations, conditions for the provision of social services, on the types and forms of social services, indications for receiving social services, on the terms of their payment;

Voluntary consent to social services (in relation to incapacitated citizens, consent is given by their guardians, and in their temporary absence - by the guardianship and guardianship authorities);

Refusal of social services;

Confidentiality of personal information that has become known to an employee of a social service institution when providing social services (such information constitutes a professional secret of these employees);

Protection of their rights and legitimate interests, including in court.

The list of social services guaranteed by the state is approved by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the needs of the population living on the territory of the corresponding constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Information about social services is provided by social workers directly to elderly citizens and disabled people, and in relation to persons under 14 years of age and persons declared incapacitated, - to their legal representatives. Citizens sent to stationary or semi-stationary institutions of social services, as well as their legal representatives, must be preliminary familiarized with the conditions of residence or stay in these institutions and the types of services provided by them.

In case of refusal from social services, citizens, as well as their legal representatives, are explained the possible consequences of their decision. Refusal from social services, which may entail a deterioration in the health of citizens or a threat to their lives, is drawn up in a written application from citizens or their legal representatives, confirming the receipt of information about the consequences of such refusal.

Chapter 2.Characteristics of individualtypes of social services

2.1 Stationary social services for the disabled andelderly

Inpatient social services for the disabled and the elderly held in social welfare institutions have the following features: Inpatient social services are provided in boarding homes for the elderly and disabled, boarding homes for the disabled, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, etc .; Boarding homes accept citizens of retirement age (women from 55 years old, men from 60 years old), as well as disabled people of groups I and II over 18 years old, provided that they do not have able-bodied children or parents who are obliged to support them;

In boarding schools for disabled people, only disabled people of I and II groups aged from 18 to 40 years old who do not have able-bodied children and parents who are legally obliged to support them are accepted;

Children from 4 to 18 years old with mental or physical developmental abnormalities are admitted to the boarding school. At the same time, the placement of disabled children with physical disabilities in inpatient institutions intended for the residence of children with mental disorders is not allowed;

The psycho-neurological boarding school accepts persons suffering from mental chronic diseases who need care, household services and medical assistance, regardless of whether they have relatives who are legally obliged to support them or not;

Persons who systematically violate internal regulations, as well as persons from among especially dangerous criminals, as well as those engaged in vagrancy and begging are sent to special boarding schools;

In stationary institutions, not only care and necessary medical assistance are carried out, but also rehabilitation measures of a medical, social, domestic and medical-labor nature; An application for admission to a boarding house along with a medical card is submitted to a higher-level social security organization, which issues a ticket to a boarding house. If a person is incapacitated, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application from his legal representative; If necessary, with the permission of the director of the boarding house, a pensioner or disabled person can temporarily leave the social service institution for up to 1 month. A temporary exit permit is issued subject to a doctor's opinion, as well as a written commitment from relatives or other persons to provide care for the elderly or disabled.

2.2 Semi-stationary social servicesdisabled and elderly

One of the types of social services for the disabled and elderly people are semi-hospitals created in municipal centers of social services or under the social protection of the population.

In the departments of day (night) stay, social, household, medical and cultural services are provided for elderly citizens and disabled people.

Semi-stationary social services are provided for the elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement and do not have medical contraindications for enrolling in such social services, as well as children who find themselves in difficult life situations.

The following types of services are provided in these institutions:

1) organization of food, everyday life and leisure (provision of hot meals, provision of bedding, provision of books, magazines, newspapers);

2) social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in carrying out rehabilitation programs for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc. .d.);

3) assistance in obtaining education and vocational training;

4) assistance in employment;

5) assistance in organizing legal services;

6) assistance in organizing funeral services.

For persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation in the system of social protection bodies, special institutions of a semi-stationary type are created - night houses, social shelters, social hotels, centers for social adaptation (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 8, 1996, No. 670). These institutions provide:

* coupons for one-time (once a day) free meals;

* first aid;

* personal hygiene items, sanitization;

* referral for treatment;

* assistance in providing prosthetics;

* registration in a boarding house;

* assistance in registration and recalculation of pensions;

* assistance in employment, in the preparation of identity documents;

* assistance in obtaining a medical insurance policy;

* provision of all-round assistance (advice on legal issues, personal services, etc.).

Zconcluding

From all of the above, it can be concluded that the most important task of the state at the present stage is to create an effective system of social services as a complex of services for various categories of the population in the social risk zone.

Social services are designed to help clients in solving social problems that have arisen in them to restore or strengthen their ability to self-support and self-service, to create the necessary conditions for the viability of persons with disabilities.

The main goal of the formation of this system is to increase the level of social guarantees, to provide targeted assistance and support to disabled citizens, primarily at the territorial level and taking into account new social guarantees.

For a more effective work of social service bodies, it is necessary to develop the regulatory and legal framework for the organization and functioning of social service institutions; development of scientific and methodological foundations for the activities of a network of social service institutions; state support for the development of the material and technical base of social service institutions; development of project documentation for the construction of new type institutions, development of interregional and international cooperation and information support of the activities of social service institutions.

Bibliographiclist

Regulations

1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted at the third session of the UN General Assembly by resolution 217 A (III) of 12/10/1948) // Library of the Russian newspaper. - 1999. - No. 22-23. (Current edition).

2. The Constitution of the Russian Federation. (adopted by popular vote 12.12.1993) // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. - 1993.

3. Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ "On the Basics of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation" // Consultant Plus (current edition).

4. Resolution of the Governor of the Vladimir region N 920 "On the introduction in the Vladimir region of hospital-replacement technology" Foster family for elderly citizens and the disabled "" dated August 16, 2012 // Consultant plus (current version).

5. Resolution of the Governor of the Vladimir Region No. 435 "On the approval of the administrative regulations for the provision of public services by the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Administration of the Vladimir Region to inpatient social services for elderly and disabled citizens" dated May 10, 2011 // Consultant plus (current version).

Literature

6. Agapov EP Methods of research in social work / textbook. -M .: Dashkov and Co, 2013, 224 p.

7. Buyanova MO Law of social security in Russia: Textbook / MO Buyanova et al .; ed. K.N. Gusova. - 4th ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Prospect, 2012.-512s.

8. Galaganov V.P. Social Security Law / Study Guide.- M .: Knorus, 2014.- 512.

9. K.N. Gusova Social Security Law of Russia.-M .: Prospect, 2010.-329 p.

10. Karpunina N.A. Legal facts in social security law. Diss. Cand. jurid. sciences. M. 2010

11. Minaeva L.N., Belikova T.N. Pension: calculation and procedure for registration / Practical guide.- SPb .: Peter, 2011- 224 p.

12. Mironova T. K. Social security law. Tutorial. M .: KNORUS, 2013.-312 p.

13. Mironova T.K. Social Security Law / Study Guide. - M .: Knorus, 2013 (19.5 pp.)

14. Simonov A.N. Pension provision for senior citizens in the context of social modernization of Russia. Diss. Cand. sociol. Sciences: 22.00.04, Volgograd, 2009 .-- 162 p.

15. Snezhko, O. A. Protection of social rights of citizens: theory and practice: monograph / O. A. Snezhko. -M. : Infra-M, 2013.-274 s

16. Sokolova V.F., Beretskaya E.A.

17. Tuchkova E.G. Akatnova M.I., Erofeeva O.V. / International and Russian norms of pension provision: a comparative analysis / ed. E. G. Tuchkova, Yu. V. Vasilyeva - M .: Prospect, 2013. (27.5 pp.).

18. Encyclopedia of Social Practices / Ed. E.I. Kholostova, G.I. Klimantova. - M .: ITK "Dashkov and K °", 2011.

Internet resources

19. Electronic magazine "Azbuka Prava" [Electronic resource], -http: //azbuka.consultant.ru/.

20. Department of social protection of the population of the Vladimir region [Electronic resource], - http://www.social33.ru/.

21. Administration of the Vladimir region (official Internet portal) [Electronic resource], - http://www.avo.ru/.

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The concept, principles, goals and objectives of social services for the population. Types and specifics of the activities of social service institutions in the Russian Federation. Social service institutions for families and children, pensioners and disabled people.

So, social services. Let's figure out what this concept includes. As a rule, mutually beneficial relations arise when the existing demand for certain goods or services meets with an offer that fully satisfies those who, in one way or another, have realized and formulated a certain need. This is how relations are built in all spheres, including social. Note that the demand for social services arises among the most vulnerable people: the elderly, disabled people and children from disadvantaged families. Let us consider in detail one of the types of social relationships - semi-stationary social services.

Parties to the relationship

Any contractual relationship presupposes at least two parties who agree on rights and obligations in relation to each other.

In the Russian Federation, the right to social services, including semi-stationary social services, can be used by both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreigners, as well as persons without citizenship, but registered with permanent residence in Russia. And this is one side.

On the other side, there are those bodies and organizations whose sphere of activity is the provision of the necessary services. Let's represent them in descending order of powers:

• federal executive body: its function is legislative;
• state bodies of regional significance: their function is executive and controlling the social sphere of the region;
• social service institutions accountable to federal executive authorities;
• social service institutions accountable to state bodies of regional significance;
• institutions providing social services on a non-state basis: both commercial and non-commercial;
• private entrepreneurs providing social services to the population.

Basic principles

All bodies and institutions related to the social sphere, including the provision of stationary and semi-stationary social services, are guided in their work by certain principles.

Let's list the main ones:

1. Humane treatment of persons in hospital services, including:

• a ban on the use of any medication against them in order to influence behavior;
• the inadmissibility of the use of force or isolation of a coercive nature.

Identification of the listed actions by the personnel of institutions entails administrative and criminal liability.

2. Social services are provided to those in need of them exclusively on a voluntary basis. If desired, the person receiving social services can refuse them at any time.

3. All the details of a confidential nature, as well as the personal data of the person who applied for the provision of social services, which became known to specialists in the social sphere, are not subject to disclosure. Responsibility for violation of this principle is also provided for by law.

4. Any citizen in need of social services should be able to receive it. The entire set of established social services should be available to anyone who needs them.

5. Bodies of social protection of the population conduct systematic work aimed at creating and replenishing a database of persons who, due to life circumstances, need social support. Lists of such people are also provided by educational institutions, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and medical institutions.

Payment for services

Social services are provided by organizations whose functions include stationary and semi-stationary social services for the population, both free of charge and on a paid basis. The amount of partial or full payment is established by the executive authorities of the federal level of the Russian Federation. The list of services provided is based on the demand of those categories of the population to whom these services are provided. The services provided free of charge are financed from the regional budget.

The quality of social services, as well as their regularity, are determined by the state standard.

The state is interested both in maintaining the usual quality of life and in improving it among those categories of the population that are recognized as needing social services.

Definition of social service

The concept of a social service refers exclusively to the social sphere. This is an activity carried out continuously, periodically or once in order to improve the quality of life of the person who asked for help.

There are three types of social assistance, we will list them:

1. Stationary, i.e. on a permanent basis: provides for the accommodation of elderly citizens and disabled people in boarding houses, as well as living together with the educational process for children in boarding houses.

2. Semi-stationary, i.e. with a limited period of stay:

• stay in day and night establishments - for the elderly and disabled;
• for minors who have lost their parents or taken from dysfunctional families - living in children's centers.

3. Home service: both on a regular basis and on a one-off basis.

Thus, semi-permanent social service institutions are considered to be such institutions, the stay in which for the needy categories of the population is limited to a certain period established by law.

List of social services

Social services can be provided to certain categories of the population on a long-term and regular basis or once.

It should be noted that the provision of social services for a long period is provided mainly for stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services. A citizen, being in a social institution, receives the following services on a regular basis:

• Social and household, providing a standard level of household comfort.
• Socio-medical, providing for a medical examination, carrying out medical measures, including physiotherapy exercises, and, if necessary, the implementation of medical manipulations.
• Socio-psychological, aimed at stabilizing the psychological state of the recipient of social services, his socialization. If necessary, anonymous psychological work is carried out through a helpline.
• Socio-pedagogical - provided both taking into account the existing behavioral deviations of the recipients of social services, and for preventive purposes, for which it is necessary to revise the system of values ​​and, as a result, the formation of interests that contribute to development. There is also provided pedagogical assistance to parents in the upbringing of children.
• Social and labor - they turn out to be a citizen who is experiencing difficulties with employment, as well as with the arrangement of life associated with the inclusion of a work schedule in it.
• Social and legal - are provided in order to increase legal literacy to certain categories of the population who need to defend their rights and interests. Legal advice may be free of charge, but this does not apply to representing a citizen in court.
• Services aimed at developing the communication skills of a person with a disability due to the loss of limbs, vision and other organs intended for full-fledged communication.

This also applies to disabled children.

Urgent services

Consider a situation where you, as a lonely or lonely pensioner or disabled person, are faced with a problem for which you need outside help. Your material possibilities are not great, therefore, you are not able to pay for the necessary services at commercial prices. In this case, information on urgent social assistance may be useful to you. It is provided by the departments of urgent social assistance under state budgetary institutions for social services to the population. Such institutions exist in all regions of the Russian Federation.

So, how can they be useful to you.

Let's start with the fact that warehouses of free clothes and shoes operate at such institutions. These clothes are donated as charity by persons who, for some reason, do not use them. Clothes, both winter and summer, are accepted only in good condition, clean and ironed. Sometimes entrepreneurs bring new clothes and shoes as charitable aid. Also in the warehouse are children's toys, children's furniture, strollers and walkers. However, these things do not linger in the warehouse. Before the new school year, large quantities of school supplies, uniforms and portfolios are received for storage.

1. You can get the necessary clothes in the form of free urgent social assistance in the warehouse, pick up shoes and other items that you need from the above list.
2. If, for any reason, you need temporary housing, then by contacting the Social Welfare Office, you can get the opportunity to live in a semi-permanent social service institution.
3. Have you have legal difficulties, but you do not have the funds to pay for the services of a lawyer. Free legal advice can be provided in the form of urgent social assistance.
4. If a situation involving a high level of stress has occurred in your life, and you have not been able to overcome it on your own, then you can seek psychological help at the emergency social services department. This assistance will be provided to you free of charge by the psychologist of the institution, and, if necessary, by the clergyman who interacts with this institution.
5. If you find it difficult to carry out minor cosmetic repairs on your own, then social workers of emergency departments of social services will help you solve this problem. But these services will be paid. However, the prices for such works are quite budgetary.
6. If you are a disabled person and find it difficult to use public transport services, but there is a need to travel, for example, to a place of treatment, then there is an urgent transport service in social service institutions. It is also paid: you pay the cost of gasoline and the work of the driver.
7. A pleasant appearance should be at any age. But if there is no way to get to the nearest hairdresser, or its services are expensive, then you can make a request to call the hairdresser of the urgent social department. This service is also paid, however, its price is an order of magnitude lower than the commercial one.

Note: For urgent services, you only need to fill out an application at the urgent social services office. The provision of semi-stationary social services, as well as stationary, is associated with the procedure for issuing an appropriate package of documents.

Who is eligible?

Not every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to the existing range of social services, but only those who have been recognized by a special commission as needing the provision of social services. It is this citizen of the Russian Federation that will be considered the recipient of social services.

In each region of the country there is a Ministry of Labor and Social Development, and it is at its level that decisions on the need of a citizen for social services are approved.

This happens under the following circumstances:

• a citizen cannot or is not able to properly continue to serve himself on his own due to illness, age-related changes, injury or recognition as a disabled person;
• a citizen cannot provide proper permanent care for a disabled child or an adult recognized as disabled - due to the fact that he is forced to work;
• in the family there are children or one child in need of socialization, minors can also be guardians;
• family members do not have the opportunity to provide both permanent and temporary care for minors, disabled people, disabled children, including due to the lack of care for these family members;
• the family includes asocial persons with formed alcohol, drug or gambling addictions, as well as those with mental disabilities or signs of domestic violence;
• a citizen under 23 years of age was left without a permanent place of residence upon leaving the institution for minors who were left without parents in connection with the death of the latter or in connection with the deprivation of parental rights from their parents;
• a citizen is unemployed and deprived of a livelihood;
• other circumstances provided for by regional or federal laws.

Main document

So, if a citizen belongs to one of the above categories, he has the right to social services, both on a permanent and short-term basis. However, this does not mean that a social service institution can start providing social services to a citizen.

The registration procedure begins with a citizen's application submitted to the territorial institution of social services for the population. After that, representatives of this institution travel to the citizen's place of residence to draw up an act of inspection of material and living conditions, as well as an examination of his physical and mental states, which are also reflected in the corresponding act.

These documents are the starting point for the formation of the "Individual program for the provision of social services". This package of documents will reflect the types of semi-stationary social services and other clauses of the contract.

It should be remembered that only certain categories of persons can apply for the provision of social services. We have listed them above.

Where is this happening?

Those who apply for the provision of social services on a regular basis should know what will actually be associated with their receipt.

Semi-stationary social services are provided by specialists and special workers of territorial integrated social service centers, at which day and (or) night departments are organized for those in need. These departments are supervised by the bodies of social protection of the population.

You will, of course, be mindful of setting a certain time period during which you can be a "resident" of a semi-stationary social service unit. There is no question of living in them for life.

The provision of semi-stationary social services can be either free (for certain types of services) or paid for you. The amount of payment for social services is related to per capita financing established in each region of the Russian Federation. Funding per capita depends on the amount of the living wage established in the region of your residence.

How can they help you?

Within the framework of the semi-stationary social services for the elderly and disabled, you can count on the provision of the following services:

1. You will be provided with hot meals; bedding was offered, a sleeping place was allocated in a room with sanitary and hygienic conditions corresponding to the standards for these institutions; you will have free access to printed materials of various kinds, as well as to board games appropriate for your age group.
2. Social and medical services: you will be provided with both medical and psychological assistance within the limits of your needs; including you can count on sanitary and hygienic services, various types of wellness, rehabilitation procedures.
3. Semi-stationary social services for disabled people include, in particular, medical rehabilitation manipulations in accordance with the "Individual rehabilitation program for the disabled". This assistance can hardly be overestimated, since not every citizen with a disability can afford daily rehabilitation measures based on medical institutions, especially given their remoteness.
4. Within the framework of semi-stationary social services for the elderly and disabled, it is envisaged not only to increase your educational level, but also to acquire a new profession. You will be able to gain practical skills in your chosen profession, and with the help of psychological support, it will be easier for you to gain confidence both in new circumstances and in a new status for you.
5. Recipients of social services generally require legal assistance. And legal advice is provided to them free of charge.

As you can see, the organization of semi-stationary social services provides all types of necessary assistance, both for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, to constructively change the quality of their lives. And the time frame provided for stay in this institution is quite enough to maximize the effect of the stay. The main thing is to understand why you are here.

Rights and obligations

So, in order for a citizen to become a recipient of social services for a certain period, the "Individual program for the provision of social services" is filled out, which sets out the procedure for the provision of semi-stationary social services.

You have familiarized yourself with the list of services above. Of these, you can choose those that are necessary, their number per week, clarify the conditions and terms of their provision. In this document, you will be able to see a list of all the providers of social services available in your area.

After the final viewing of this document, the person puts his signature, which will confirm his agreement with the conditions that are spelled out in the Program.

However, you need to know that if you want to change the number or conditions of provision of the social services you have chosen, you can always do this.

However, the provider of social services does not have the right to change the order of semi-stationary social services and the types of services.

Home delivery

Offices of Comprehensive Social Services Centers can provide “home delivery” social services to citizens in need.

Semi-stationary social services at home are provided to recipients of social services either for a certain period of time (up to half a year), or indefinitely.

Peculiarities:

1. This type of service can be chosen by those retirees or disabled people who need outside help only in some areas, but in general they are quite able to cope with household chores. Such recipients of social services may have certain difficulties with self-service, so they, in need of the help of social workers and social work specialists, choose a set of general services (complex).
2. Also, social and medical services can be provided at home, subject to the availability of a social and medical department as part of a comprehensive center for social services for the population. This is due to the fact that elderly people and people with disabilities who need this type of service may have diseases for which it is a social worker with a medical education that is needed. These are diseases such as: mental disorders, but in remission; closed tuberculosis; oncology in the last stage.
3. The legislation provides for the circumstances and diseases in which the provision of social and medical services is impossible. A document confirming the presence of this disease is signed by a representative of the social protection department and the VKK of the medical institution.

As for other social services provided at home, they are listed above, in the chapter "How can they help you". However, one should take into account the presence or absence in the staffing of a comprehensive center of social services of specialists competent in these areas.

Day (night) stay units are a form of semi-stationary social services and play an important role in providing effective social support to the elderly. They are created on the basis of municipal social service centers or under the social protection authorities.

Day care departments are designed for household, medical, cultural services for the elderly, organizing their rest, attracting them to work that they can, and maintaining an active lifestyle.

Branches are created to serve at least 30 people. They enroll the elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement. The decision on enrollment is made by the head of the social service institution on the basis of a personal written application from an elderly citizen or disabled person and a certificate from a health care institution about his state of health.

The following types of services are provided in the day care department:

organization of food, everyday life and leisure (provision of hot meals, provision of books, magazines, newspapers);

social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in obtaining vouchers for spa treatment);

assistance in organizing legal services;

assistance in organizing funeral services.

The emerging tendency to reduce the services of inpatient institutions is associated with an increase in the scale of outpatient care for the disabled and the elderly living in ordinary home conditions by non-inpatient social service institutions. The latter are represented by departments of social assistance at home (including at boarding houses, territorial centers, departments of social protection), territorial centers of social services and territorial social assistance services (as a rule, on the basis of territorial centers and departments of social assistance at home at paradise (mountains) departments (departments) of social protection of the population).

Departments of social assistance at home provide the minimum necessary range of services for the delivery of food, medicine, firewood (coal), payment of utility and other expenses.

Recently, this organizational form has been complemented by another, caused by the transition to a market economy, when a significant part of the elderly and disabled found themselves on the brink of poverty, having lost their livelihood, in an extreme life situation. This is an urgent social assistance service. The main types of services of the urgent social assistance service include: provision of food, medicines, clothing, temporary housing, provision of emergency psychological assistance, assistance in identifying disabled people in boarding houses and hospitals, provision of services of hairdressers, repairmen of electrical appliances, active cooperation with government officials, public, religious organizations, charitable foundations, the media, government bodies and other institutions to take measures to resolve acute life situations.

The need for the functioning of urgent social assistance services is undeniable, since they develop and complement the services of social assistance departments at home and, most importantly, allow disabled people with disabilities who have found themselves beyond poverty to support their existence.

Semi-stationary forms of social services include territorial centers, the advantage of which is the possibility of combining medical and social services for the disabled. Territorial social service centers also make it possible to organize meals, create conditions for communication between disabled people and the elderly. The latter is an important factor in maintaining the moral tone of people living outside the family.

Initially, the creation of territorial centers was envisaged mainly in conjunction with inpatient departments, where conditions were created for a temporary stay (5-10 days) of IOV in fairly comfortable conditions and preventive treatment (physiotherapy, phototherapy, massage, psychological relief). However, the creation of territorial centers with inpatient services requires additional conditions and, accordingly, more significant costs, for which the local social security authorities do not always have the necessary financial resources.

Territorial centers of social services have large reserves to meet the needs of people with disabilities. According to the data of the management of the centers, more than 5% of those served are ready to pay for additional (in addition to those provided free of charge) services. But only a few territorial centers and social assistance departments provide paid services at the request of disabled people, and the range of services as a whole is limited to a general set: cooking, washing dishes, delivering linen to the laundry, washing at home, providing bath services, cleaning an apartment, washing windows, buying food, medicine, manufactured goods, walking the dog, etc.

The semi-stationary form of social services in Volgograd is represented by: the Day Center for Pensioners and Disabled People, the Center for Social Assistance to Families Raising Children with Disabilities in the Dzerzhinsky District and the City Center for Social Assistance in the Kirovsky District.

The day center for pensioners and disabled people, designed for 30 places, is intended for social, household, medical, cultural services for pensioners and disabled people, organizing their meals, rest, maintaining an active lifestyle, and attracting them to work. The Center accepts elderly citizens: men from 60 years old, women from 55 years old, disabled people of groups I and II for a period of two weeks, who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement.

The Center for Social Assistance to Families Raising Children with Disabilities in the Dzerzhinsky District was established in 1995. The purpose of the Center's activities is to contribute to the realization of the right of families and children to protection and assistance from the state, to promote the development and strengthening of the family as a social institution, to improve socio-economic living conditions, indicators of social health and well-being of families and children, to humanize family ties with society and the state. , the establishment of harmonious intra-family relations: the organization of communication and leisure activities for children: teaching self-service skills, household adaptation, providing advice.

The City Center for Social Assistance in the Kirovsky District was created in order to protect people who find themselves in extreme conditions without a fixed place of residence and occupation, who are in a crisis life situation and to carry out rehabilitation measures.

In the matter of developing the principles of the ratio of paid and free services, it is necessary to approach targeted and individually. Meeting the specific needs of the client for a reasonable fee should be in addition to meeting his general needs free of charge. The rationale for this approach is confirmed by the experience of foreign systems of social services, in particular Finland, where they strive to provide the client with services that promote (stimulate) his independence and serve as a prerequisite for a good moral and psychological state.

In order to further improve the system of social services and in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated 20.07.93. centers of social services are created, which are institutions for social protection of the population, carrying out organizational and practical activities on the territory of a city or district to provide various types of social assistance to elderly citizens, disabled people and other groups of the population in need of social support. The structure of the center provides for various units of social services, including a day care unit for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, urgent social assistance services and others.

The main tasks of the social service center in joint activities with state and public organizations (health care, education, migration service, Red Cross Society committees, veteran organizations, societies of people with disabilities, etc.) include:

• - identification of the elderly, disabled and other people in need of social support;
• - determination of specific types and forms of assistance to persons in need of social support;
• - differential accounting of all persons in need of social support, depending on the types and forms of the required, the frequency of its provision;
• - provision of social and domestic services of a one-time or permanent nature to persons in need of social support;
• -analysis of the level of social services for the population of the city, district, development of long-term plans for the development of this area of ​​social support for the population, the introduction into practice of new types and forms of assistance, depending on the nature of the needs of citizens and local conditions;
• - involvement of various state and non-state structures in solving issues of providing social and household assistance to the needy strata of the population and coordinating their activities in this direction.
• d) Inpatient social services are aimed at providing comprehensive social assistance to persons in need of constant care and supervision for health reasons. State inpatient institutions for social services include boarding homes for the elderly and disabled, the regulations of which were approved by the order of the Ministry of Social Affairs of the RSFSR dated 12/27/1978. In accordance with this order, the "boarding house" is a medical and social institution intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled people in need of care, household and medical services. In the boarding house for the implementation of medical-labor and activating therapy, medical-production (labor) workshops are created, and in a boarding house located in rural areas, in addition, a subsidiary farm with the necessary inventory, equipment and transport.

Other institutions of this type also include a neuropsychiatric boarding school, defined as a medical and social institution intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled, suffering from mental chronic diseases and in need of care, household and medical services.

Inpatient institutions for the elderly admit citizens of retirement age who do not have able-bodied children who are legally obliged to support them. As a matter of priority, boarding schools accept disabled people and participants of the Second World War, family members of dead servicemen, as well as deceased disabled people and war veterans.

One of the prerequisites for admission is voluntariness, therefore, paperwork is made only if there is a written application from a citizen. An application for admission to a boarding house with a medical card is submitted to a higher social security organization, which issues a ticket to the boarding house. If a person is incapacitated, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application from his legal representative. The law provides for the right of citizens who are in inpatient social service institutions to refuse services, but on condition that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.

Persons in general boarding houses who systematically and grossly violate the internal regulations in them can be transferred to special boarding schools by a court decision, adopted on the basis of the administration's submission. They are created mainly for the elderly and disabled, previously convicted vagrancy, sent from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies and other persons, for whom administrative supervision is established in the manner prescribed by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 1995 "On the development of a network of specialized boarding schools for the elderly and disabled. "

The functioning of boarding schools as one of the main forms of social services for the elderly is associated with a number of serious problems. Among them: the degree of satisfaction of the needs in boarding houses, the quality of service in them, the creation of concomitant living conditions, etc. people are increasingly showing a desire to live in a familiar home environment. The stationary form of social services is presented in Volgograd by the Traktorozavodskiy Center for Social Services for Pensioners and Disabled People. The department with a hospital is intended for medical, cultural, consumer services, attracting people to a feasible work activity, maintaining an active lifestyle.

Currently, inpatient institutions are mainly received by people who have completely lost the ability to move and require constant care, as well as those who do not have housing. In the near future, an alternative to boarding schools may be special residential houses for the elderly (approximate Regulation on a special home for single elderly people, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994), which, despite some disadvantages, still have a number of important advantages.

Today, a significant part of social service centers are multidisciplinary institutions capable of providing elderly and disabled people with various types and forms of services, including socio-medical, social and commercial. A priority area is the development of models of non-stationary social services (social service centers, departments of social assistance at home), which make it possible to maximize the stay of elderly people in their habitual environment, to maintain their personal and social status.

Thus, the main technologies at present are state technologies for the social protection of the elderly - pensions, social services, social assistance. However, the priority direction of social work with the elderly is the organization of the living environment of aging people, carried out in such a way that the elderly person always has the opportunity to choose ways to interact with this environment, because elderly people are not the object of activity of various social services, but a decision-maker. Freedom of choice creates a sense of security, confidence in the future. Hence the need for alternative technologies of social work with the elderly. Among which are charitable assistance, club work, self-help and self-help groups.

The main tasks of a specialist in working with the elderly:

identification and registration of lonely elderly and disabled citizens in need of home-based services;

establishing and maintaining communication with the labor collective where war and labor veterans and disabled people worked;

establishing contacts with the committees of the Red Cross Society, the Councils of War and Labor Veterans, public organizations, foundations.

elderly social welfare service