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Labor standards. Labor standards A list of calculation of piecework wages for a product assembler for a month

To establish time standards, timing is widely used, which is simple, understandable and convenient, and gives fairly accurate results. Time norms are the most common type of norms, therefore, it would seem, timing should be the most popular type of observation.

However, this is not so: it is much more often mentioned and used in practice photography of working hours (FRV)- a type of work process monitoring, designed to study the structure of costs and losses of working time, as well as to determine their quantitative ratio. Like timing, it is convenient, simple and gives quite reliable results. At the same time, attention is paid to the entire working time, and not only to individual operations or techniques.

HRF results can be used to:

increasing labor productivity by eliminating the identified losses and waste of working time;
establishing the reasons for non-fulfillment of labor standards and production targets;
rationing the time for servicing the workplace, rest and personal needs, as well as preparatory and final time;
indirect determination of the norms of the number and service (through the assessment of the workload during the shift).

When organizing observation, it should be taken into account for what the results will be used:

To study the structure of costs, lost working time and develop measures to improve productivity. In this case, observations should be carried out in the conditions that actually prevail at the given workplace. In this case, the object of observation is chosen arbitrarily, without additional conditions.
To determine the norms. With this option, as with timing, additional requirements should be fulfilled: a) the most highly productive employee cannot be chosen as the object of observation (Article 85) and b) during the observation period, normal working conditions should be ensured (Article 88 of the Labor Code of Ukraine).

Depending on the object of observation, different types of RFF are distinguished: individual, group and brigade... At the same time, observations can cover both the entire work shift (photograph of the working day) and part of it. Let us consider in more detail the features of each type of RFF.

Individual FRV

In this case, the object of observation is the labor activity of one employee. Individual PDF allows you to study with the maximum degree of detail work time(costs and losses). It is convenient to record the results of the PDF in pre-prepared observation sheets or photocards (tab. one).

Tab. 1. Observation sheet for conducting an individual RFF (example)

Enterprise: LLC "Robinson and Co"	Photocard			Shop / department: mechanical
Shift: first	Date: 01.10.09				Position / profession: Turner
Full name: Mandzyuk S.M.
Labor costs / losses		Current time (h: min)	Duration (min.)			Overlaps	Number of parts	Index
Shift start
Examined the machine, trial run
Instructing the master
Received a task, a drawing, tech. map
Got the tool
Received blanks
Exposed operating modes on the machine

Installed and exposed a new cutter
Machined parts (shaft 134-656798 / 24)
Talked to a neighbor, didn't work
Went on hiatus
Lunch break
I changed the "bad" incisors in the pantry
Placed and exposed a new cutter
Machined parts (shaft 134-656798 / 24)
Went to the toilet
Replaced and set a new cutter
Knocked out "machine", the electrician was expecting
Machined parts (shaft 134-656798 / 24)
I handed over the details to the QCD inspector
Removed the shavings, took them to the container
Cleaned the machine, cleaned the workplace
Left the workplace
End of shift

In the main part of the observation sheet in the column "costs / losses of working time" (column 1), all actions of the employee that he performs during the observation period are recorded; in this case, the recording is carried out in any form.

Observation during the set time is carried out continuously... A worker's actions / periods of inactivity follow one another, so there is no need to record the start and end times of each.

In the column "current time" (column 2) is recorded end time each action / period of inactivity, start time is the end time of the previous one. As a rule, the recording is carried out with an accuracy of the minutes, so the observer only needs to have an ordinary watch. In cases where a more accurate result is required, more accurate instruments (stopwatch) should be used.

In the column "duration" (column 3), the duration of each of the periods is recorded, which is determined as the difference between the "current time" of this element and the "current time" of the previous one. In order not to distract the observer, this indicator is calculated after the completion of the observation.

When carrying out FRV of machine-manual and automated work processes, the operational time can "overlap" other types of expenditures of working time (). In such cases, the corresponding entries are made in the column "overlaps" (column 4): the ordinal number of the operational time record, which covers this type of working time expenditure, is indicated. (Naturally, if there is no overlap, the column is not filled.)

When an employee performs repetitive operations (processes the same parts, draws up the same documents, etc.) for a more detailed control of the output, workload of workers, comparing their individual productivity in the column "number of parts" (column 5), the amount of work performed is recorded. (The example shown is the number of parts manufactured.)

Since the recording of observations (actions or inaction of an employee) is kept in an arbitrary form, when describing the same or similar actions, observers (even if they are the same person) can use different formulations. To facilitate the analysis of the RFF results, the wording should be brought “to a common denominator” - as shown in the “index” column (column 6). In this case, a special indexing system; There is no uniform standard for it, but abbreviations are usually used (OP - operational time, OM - workplace maintenance, etc.). For a more detailed analysis, additional digital indices are used ( tab. 2).

Tab. 2. Typical indexation of costs and losses of working time during FRV at a machine-building enterprise

Type of costs and losses of working time	Index
I. Standard time
Preparatory and final time

Acquaintance with the work, drawing


Production briefing
Installation and removal of tools, devices for performing the amount of work (batch of parts)
Equipment adjustment
Delivery of finished products

Operational time
Main (technological) time
Subsidiary

Workplace service time
Organizational Service Time


Equipment lubrication and cleaning
Transfer, acceptance of shift

Maintenance time

Tool sharpening (dressing)
Tool regulation
Adjustment of equipment during operation


Casual work, work off assignment



Personal needs
II. Irregular time
Wasted time on unproductive work
Walking for an outfit, drawing, materials

Walking behind a foreman, a contractor, a controller
Walking behind ancillary workers
Going for a crane
Look for pads, gussets, etc.
Search for tools and devices
Search for materials, blanks, etc.
Repair of equipment

Loss of time for organizational and technical reasons
Waiting for work
Waiting for a drawing, instructions, orders
Waiting for material, blanks
Waiting for a crane, transport
Waiting for a tool, fixtures
Waiting for equipment setup
Waiting for energy
Awaiting renovation

Loss of time due to the fault of the employee
Late start of work

Absence from the workplace
Extraneous conversations

To process the results of observations, a "Statement of the same costs of working time" is compiled. (The statement for the above FRV example is given in Table 3.)

Tab. 3. Statement of costs and losses of the same name (example)

Enterprise: LLC "Robinson and Co"
Shop / department: mechanical
Shift: first		Date: 01.10.09			Position / profession: Turner
FULL NAME. Mandzyuk S.M.			Machine: 16D25, screw-cutting lathe
Index				Replays		Total duration, min.	including overlaps, min.	Average duration, min.
	Preparing accessories and tools for work at the beginning of the shift and cleaning at the end
	Inspection and testing of equipment
	Cleaning the workplace at the end of the shift
	Change of worn-out tools (remove and install)
	Waste removal from the workplace
	Operational time
	Receiving and handing over an order, drawing
	Receiving, inspection, checking and delivery of material, blanks
	Receiving and handing over of tools and accessories
	Production briefing
	Equipment adjustment
	Delivery of finished products
	Rest break times and personal needs
	Walking for tools and accessories
	Repair of equipment
	Finishing work prematurely
	Extraneous conversations
	Check sum

The use of the time indexing system adopted at this enterprise avoids subjectivity, since the formalized results do not require additional explanations from observers. The costs and losses of the same name in the statement are grouped and summed up. The preparation of such documents makes it possible to combine, compare and contrast the RFF data carried out by different observers at different times. The data obtained give a fairly clear idea of the structure of working time costs and their quantitative characteristics.

Group FRV

With all its advantages, conducting an individual RFF requires a significant investment of time.

To organize observations of the brigade (a group of workers associated with the implementation of a common production task), a methodology was developed for conducting "Team photography of working time"... In fact, these are several individual PRF (according to the number of team members), which are carried out simultaneously. This is a very complex and cumbersome process that requires intense attention from a highly qualified observer. This technique has not received wide practical distribution.

To monitor several workers at the same time, a methodology for conducting "Group photography of working time" (GFRV)... It can be used to monitor both teams and those workers who are not bound by a common production task.

The organization of observation during group and individual RFF differs significantly. When conducting the GFRV:

not continuous, but selective observation is used - at predetermined points in time (at regular intervals);
not all actions / inactions of the employee are recorded, but what he does exactly at the moment of observation.

Before starting the observation, you must:

determine the workers for whom the PFRV will be carried out;
prepare an observation sheet / photocard form ( tab. 4);
each employee should be assigned a conditional serial number, in accordance with which the records will be kept;
set the time interval after which the observation results will be recorded (usually - from 1 to 3 minutes).

Tab. 4. List of observations for the PFRV (example)

Enterprise: Private Enterprise "Kolyadka"					Photocard			Workshop / department: assembly area: cabinet furniture
Shift: first		Date: 01.10.09
Full name: 1 - Petrina M.S. 2 - Melnichuk Z. V. 3 - Strashko B. Yu. 4 - Zadirko V. V. 5 - Krizhuk M. M. 6 - Yanychar D. D.
Time			Employee serial number
Clock	Minutes		1	2		3	4		5	6

The column "time" (the schedule for making entries in the form of a photocard) is filled in in advance (imprinted). As a rule, inexperienced observers are afraid that they will not have time to record the results of observations in time, so they start with an interval of 3 minutes. Experience shows that the intensity of observations is unevenly distributed. At the same time, a trained observer can, without much effort, conduct GFRV for a group of six to ten workers with a recording interval of 1 minute. I recommend at first to prepare several blanks of observation sheets - at different intervals, so that in the process of work it would be possible to choose the optimal one.

Features of group observation. When the time comes to fill in the next line of the photocard, the actions / inaction of each of the workers should be recorded in the appropriate cells. For this, a simplified system of indices of costs and losses of working time, where those elements of costs and losses of working time are used that are of greatest interest in carrying out this observation. (In this case, applying the same detailed indexing system as when conducting an individual PDF may be too difficult.)

To speed up the process of fixing the results of PFRV observations, the observer should learn the notation used in advance. In this example, only 13 indices were used:

IM - instructing the master;
PZA - receiving a task;
ПЗГ - receiving blanks;
СГП - delivery of finished products;
OP - operational time;
OPU - packing (part of the operational time);
ORM - maintenance of the workplace;
OLN - rest and personal needs;
NDP - downtime is not the fault of the worker;
PRA - simple due to extraneous conversations;
BPR - unreasonable termination of work;
OPO - delay;
BRU - unreasonable leaving the workplace.

It is more convenient to use a watch with a digital display when carrying out the GFRV. Recording the actions of workers should be carried out in the same order (for example, starting with the first), and each next cycle should begin in the same way. The sequence of recordings does not change even when people move around the site while working. Another important condition: the observer must simultaneously see all workers throughout the observation period. If this condition cannot be met, it is better to use the method of instant observations (otherwise the observer will get very tired, since he will be forced to constantly move).

After the completion of the observations, a list of costs of the same name and losses of working time is drawn up ( tab. 5). In contrast to the statement compiled when conducting an individual RFV, here not only the time by category for each of the workers is summed up separately, but the average value for the entire group is also calculated. At the same time, for each of the types of recorded costs and losses of time, its duration is indicated in minutes and a share of the total observation time.

Tab. 5. List of costs and losses of the same name for a group RFW (example)

Enterprise: Private Enterprise "Kolyadka"						Statement of costs and losses of the same name
Shift: first			Date: 01.10.09			Workshop / department: Assembly area for cabinet furniture
Full name: 1 - Petrina M.S .; 2 - Melnichuk Z.V .; 3 - B. Yu. Strashko; 4 - V.V. Zadirko; 5 - Krizhuk M. M .; 6 - Janissary D. D.
Index	Employee serial number													The average
	1			2		3		4		5		6		The average
	min.	%		min.	%	min.	%	min.	%	min.	%	min.	%	min.	%

How is the duration determined, because the indicators of the current time are not recorded? For this, the number of records with the same index is counted, which is then multiplied by the value of the observation interval. For example: in the process of observations, the receipt of workpieces by the worker was recorded 12 times, and the observation interval was 2 minutes. This means that the total time spent on this operation is 12 x 2 = 24 minutes. Obviously, the shorter the interval, the more accurate the observation results will be.

This is a long-known and very popular type of PRF, which attracts by its simplicity (prepared forms - distributed - explained how to fill in - collected), breadth of coverage and speed (in a few days you can "observe" the whole enterprise, even the management, if allowed).

What are the disadvantages of this "self-service"? Since the employee keeps records on his own, the time required is increased; he is distracted from work - the pace of work is lost and the likelihood of errors increases. In order to minimize negative effects, during self-photographing of working hours, only loss of working time... Indeed, since the employee is still idle, it means that he has time to make an entry in the observation sheet ( tab. 6).

Tab. 6. Observation sheet for self-photographing of working hours (example)

Enterprise: PJSC "Moda"			Self-photograph of working time				Shop / department: AUP
		Date: 01.03.10	Position / profession: economist
Full name: E.V. Pushkareva			Equipment: -
P / p No.	Reasons for loss of working time			Break times		Duration, min.		Is this loss of working time often encountered?
				start, h: min.	end, h: min
	Computer freezes							Regularly

	Waiting for an appointment with the manager

Nevertheless, there are cases when an employee during the observation period records all the costs and losses of his working time: in fact, in this case, an individual RFV is carried out, but the “object of observation” himself makes the records. Most often, this is done when studying the work of employees.

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MINISTRY OF LABOR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

CENTRAL OFFICE OF LABOR STANDARDS

INTERSECTORAL INCREASED STANDARDS
TIME FOR WORK ON DOCUMENTATION
PROVIDING CONTROL

MOSCOW 1995

The time standards were developed by the Central Bureau of Labor Standards of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation and the All-Russian Research Institute of Document Management and Archival Affairs of Roskomarkhiv.

Time standards help to improve the organization of work of workers in services

Documentation support of management, serve as the basis of job descriptions, staffing tables.

The collection contains standards for all types of work related to documentary support of management with the use of computerization tools, and is recommended for use in government bodies, at enterprises (associations), regardless of the form of ownership, in institutions and public organizations.

The enlarged time standards for work on documentation support of management were approved by the decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 25, 1994, No. 72.

1. General part

1.1. The enlarged time standards are intended for calculating the norms of time and organizing work in the services of documentary support of management (POU), determining the labor intensity of work, the number of employees and are recommended for use in federal executive bodies, at enterprises (associations), regardless of the form of ownership, in institutions and public organizations.

1.2. The functions of the preschool educational institution are defined by the Standard Instruction for Office Work in the Ministries and Departments of the Russian Federation, the Model Regulations on the Service for Documentation Support of Management.

1.3. The basis for the development of time standards is based on materials from the study of the organization of work and the best practices of employees of preschool educational institutions, photographs of the working day, self-photographs, data of operational accounting and reporting, the results of expert assessments of specialists from preschool educational institutions of ministries and departments.

1.4. When preparing time standards, the following regulatory and methodological documents were used: Regulations on the organization of labor standards in the national economy. Approved by the decree of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR and the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated June 19, 1986 No. 226 / P-6;

1.5. When rationing the labor of preschool educational institutions, it is necessary to use inter-industry standard and uniform norms of time: Standard norms of time for work on copying and operational reproduction of documents. - M., 1990; Uniform norms of time (production) for typewritten work. - M., 1988; since the "Aggregate standards ..." do not take into account the costs of typing, copying and reproduction.

1.6. The normative part of the collection contains the following sections: time spent on work on documentation support for management (drawing up and maintaining nomenclatures of cases, processing, registering, accounting for the number of documents, work on controlling the execution of documents, creating and maintaining card files, forming and processing cases in structural divisions, examination scientific and practical value of documents, compilation of annual sections of case inventories, transfer of cases to the departmental archive); time spent on the work of the organization's archive (methodological and organizational support of work, creating a scientific and reference apparatus for documents of the organization's archive, cataloging documents, using documents, providing information services to institutions and citizens, conducting a comprehensive (thematic) check of the status and operation of the archive of a subordinate institution, monitoring organization of documents in the office work of structural divisions of the department (organization) and in the institutions of the system, ensuring the safety of documents, accounting for documents, technical registration of work).

1.7. The collection contains standards of time in hours for the accepted unit of measurement of the volume of work.

1.8. The standards are calculated based on the results of measuring the cost of working time during a working day of 8 hours.

1.9. The standards provide for the implementation of all work with documents in one language and apply to work with documents of general office work.

1.10. The standards are designed for the performance of each work by one performer.

1.11. The tables of the normative part of the collection show the name and content of the work performed and the time standards established for them.

1.12. Within the table, the standards are located in a logical sequence of work performed, but at the same time, work performed using automated technologies is located after similar work performed using traditional technology.

1.13. The composition of documents, the rules for their development, execution are established in accordance with the requirements of the State System of Documentation Support for Management, the Basic Rules for the Operation of Departmental Archives, and the Model Instruction for Office Work in Ministries and Departments of the Russian Federation (Moscow, 1994).

1.14. The rate of time to complete a unit of standardized work is calculated according to the standard of operational time and is determined by the formula:

H bp = H K,

H is the standard of operational time for the performance of this work, established by the collection, h;

K is a coefficient that takes into account the time spent on organizational and technical maintenance of the workplace, rest (including physical culture breaks) and personal needs,% of operational time. According to the results of the analysis of maps, photographs and self-photographs of the working time of workers K is taken equal to 1.1.

1.15. The mode of work and rest of operators of electronic computers and computers and other specialists who directly work with personal computers depends on the nature of the work performed (entering data, texts, editing, reading information from the screen). Continuous duration of work should not exceed 4 hours, while after each hour of work there is a break of 5 - 10 minutes, and after 2 hours - 15 minutes.

1.16. The unit of measurement “case” means a case in the volume of 150 sheets of 210? 297 mm (A4 format). Cases with more or less than 150 sheets are counted for one conditional case of 150 sheets.

1.17. Work with machine-grades in the clerical service is standardized according to table 3.1.2. (standards 3.1.2.1, 3.1.2.2).

1.18. The unit of measure of the volume of work - the author's sheet - is taken to be material containing 40 thousand printed characters, which is 16.7 typewritten pages printed at 1.5 intervals, each containing 2450 characters.

1.19. The unit of measure for the volume of work is a box, a box containing 10 cases is taken.

1.20. For certain types of work, not 1, but 10, 100 is taken as a unit of measurement. This must be taken into account when calculating the amount of labor input for the planned volume of work.

1.21. In the event of significant deviations in the content of work in comparison with this regulatory collection and the inexpediency of changing the existing organization of labor, local norms for a specific documentation service can be calculated.

1.22. Local norms for work not provided for in this regulatory collection are established by the method of technical regulation.

1.23. On the basis of the enlarged time standards, the calculation of the apparent number of employees of the documentation service is made.

1.23.1. For this purpose, the annual labor intensity of standardized work (Tn) is determined in hours, taking into account each type of work performed according to the formula:

Tn = H vr Vi,

where H vr is the time spent on performing a specific standardized type of work, h;

Vi is the volume of a specific type of work performed per year.

1.23.2. The annual labor intensity of non-standardized work Тн.н in hours is determined by the method of expert assessments, taking into account the volume of work performed according to the formula:

Тн.н = Тjнн Vj,

where Тjнн - annual labor intensity of non-standardized work of a specific type;

Vj is the annual volume of non-standardized types of work.

1.23.3. The total annual labor intensity To of work is calculated by the formula:

That = Tn + Tn.n,

1.23.4. The apparent number of employees of Chiav is determined by the formula:

where Фп - useful fund of working time of one employee per year, h (taken equal to 2006 man. h).

An example of calculating the number of employees in the documentation service is given in Appendix 2.

2. Organization of work

The documentary support service for the management of an institution, regardless of the form of ownership, can act as an independent structural unit or be performed by one person.

The functions of the preschool educational institution employees are determined by job descriptions drawn up in accordance with the "Tariff and qualification characteristics for general industry positions of employees": (Approved by the decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation on November 10, 1992 No. 30 - M., 1992) and "Tariff and qualification characteristics for positions of employees of budgetary institutions and organizations of the system of the state archival service of the Russian Federation ", Appendix 5 to the order of Roskomarkhiv dated 09.12.92. No. 226. These same documents determine the names of the positions of workers in the services of preschool educational institutions. The functions of the preschool educational institution include:

organizational and methodological support of work with documents in the structural divisions of the organization and subordinate institutions;

introduction of standards for documentary support of management and other regulatory and methodological documents;

acceptance of documents;

processing of documents and accounting and reference work;

control over the execution of documents;

formation, storage of cases and their use;

preparation and transfer of cases to the archive of the organization and others.

The functions of the organization's archive include:

completing documents of structural divisions of the organization;

accounting and ensuring the safety of documents received in the archive;

funding of documents received in the archive;

preparation of a scientific and reference apparatus for documents stored in the archive;

conducting an examination of the scientific and practical value of documents stored in the archive, providing methodological assistance in carrying out this work in the organization's office work;

preparation and transfer of documents for state storage;

submission of statistical reporting forms to the state archive:

form No. 5 "Passport of the archive of an institution, organization and enterprise storing management documentation to be transferred to state storage on December 1, 19 ...", Form No. 6 "Passport of the archive of an institution, organization and enterprise storing scientific and technical documentation subject to transfer to state storage on December 1, 19..year ", form No. 7" Passport of the archive of an institution, organization and enterprise storing cinema-photo-phono documents to be transferred to state storage on December 1, 19..year ";

use of documents stored in the archive, checking the safety, correctness of the formation and execution of cases in the office work of the organization;

participation in the development of regulatory and methodological documents (instructions, recommendations, regulations, etc.) on archiving and the organization of documents in office work.

The organizational and technical conditions adopted in the collection provide for:

rational organization of workplaces;

timely receipt by workers of the necessary information, consultation, instruction;

observance of a rational regime of work and rest;

ensuring the established sanitary standards.

Workplaces for employees of the documentation service are equipped with a single-pedestal table (with an attachment), which provides convenient placement of office equipment and objects of work on it, and storage of relevant documents and stationery in the desk drawers.

Desk drawers should be equipped with devices for convenient location of folders. It is desirable that a card with a list of the folders contained in it is fixed on each box. There should be a closet for storing special, reference literature and documents.

Employees of the documentation service are provided with the necessary reference materials (including: instructions for the conduct of office work and other regulatory and methodological documents, reference books on current legislation, reference books on administrative-territorial division, spelling and terminological dictionaries, reference books on the writing of individual words, lists of employees of the organization and its structural divisions indicating phone numbers and addresses, alphabetical books of addresses and phone numbers of employees associated with the activities of this organization, index cards to collections of resolutions and orders of a higher authority and others).

In connection with the introduction of automated technologies into the activities of preschool educational institutions, the workplaces of specialists must be equipped with professional personal computers (PC) such as IBM PC XT / AT with the following main parameters: the amount of RAM is at least 640 KB and the capacity of external memory on the hard drive is at least 20 MB ... The computer must be equipped with a wide print printer.

The PC is equipped with a glass or plastic optical filter. The high-resolution screen reduces eye strain. The illumination of the screen should be equal to the illumination of the room. The computer screen is positioned at right angles to the windows in the work room.

The mode of work and rest of workers engaged in management documentation is established on the basis of the daily routine, taking into account the regulation of all mandatory work and the performance of the most difficult of them in the first half of the day, when workers have a high stable working capacity. Along with this, it is necessary to carry out physical culture breaks lasting 5-10 minutes. 1 - 1.5 hours before lunch and 1 - 1.5 hours before the end of work.

The mode of work and rest of specialists working on a PC is determined by the "Temporary sanitary norms and rules for employees of computer centers", approved by the Deputy Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the USSR, 03/02/1988, No. 4559-88.

3. REGULATORY PART

3.1. Time spent on work on documentation support of management

3.1.1. Drawing up and maintaining nomenclatures of cases

Executors - the head of the office, the senior inspector, the inspector, the clerk, the operator of computers and computers, the document manager.

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	Time standard, h.

1. Drawing up and maintaining the nomenclature of affairs of the structural unit	Study of normative and methodological documents, the functions of this structural unit, the peculiarities of its office work, the composition and content of documents, determination of the terms of their storage, compilation, systematization of case headers, approval by the head of the structural unit, control over the correctness of the formation of cases.






2. Drawing up and maintaining the nomenclature of the organization's affairs	Study of normative and methodological documents, reference manuals, nomenclatures of cases of structural divisions, organization functions, peculiarities of office work, composition and content of documents, determination of the terms of their storage, development of a classification scheme for the nomenclature of cases, unification, general editing of the text of all sections of the nomenclature of cases, identification of documents, not included in the nomenclature of cases of structural divisions, drawing up a nomenclature of cases (with a table of contents, a preface, a list of abbreviations), agreement with the departmental archive, consideration at a meeting of the Central Expert Commission (CEC) (EC) of the organization, agreement with an archival institution (state archive), registration and approval of the nomenclature of cases; control over the correctness of the formation of cases during the year, making adjustments to the nomenclature of cases, drawing up a final entry to the nomenclature of cases, transferring the final information to the information retrieval system and the departmental archive in the prescribed form	Number of items in the nomenclature of cases:















3. Automated maintenance of the nomenclature of the organization's affairs *	Turning on the computer, calling the display format in accordance with the program, entering data on changes in the nomenclature of cases, turning off the computer	Number of items in the nomenclature of cases:

* Work on control over the formation of cases in office work is carried out throughout the year.

* The standard is also applicable to determine the time spent on drawing up and maintaining the nomenclature of cases of a large structural unit (main department, department, etc.)

3.1.2. Processing, registration, accounting of the number of documents

Executors - the head of the office, the head of the expedition, the inspector, the secretary-typist, the freight forwarder, the clerk, the operator of computers and computers, the document clerk.

Job title				Time standard, h
1. Processing of incoming documents		Reception of correspondence, checking the integrity of packaging and attachments, correct addressing, opening the envelope, systematizing documents for registered and unregistered, drawing up registration cards (RK), placing, filling in registration stamps, distribution of documents to be transferred to the head of the organization for consideration and resolution and to those to be transfer for execution to structural divisions, transfer of documents for execution *	10 documents
2. Processing of documents received by fax		Signal reception. Receiving text, dividing into A4 sheets, drawing up registration cards (RK), placing, filling in registration stamps, transferring documents for execution
3. Processing telegrams		Receiving text from a teletype operator, drawing up a RK, placing and filling in registration stamps, transmitting telegrams to the management for a resolution, receiving a telegram, recording the text of the resolution in the RK, transmitting the telegram and RK to the performer	1 telegram
4. Processing incoming telephone messages		Receiving a telephone message, registering, recording a text in a journal, informing (by phone) the performer about the content of the received telephone message, monitoring compliance with the deadline	1 telephone message
5. Processing of sent documents		Receiving executed documents, checking the correctness of the documents, the presence of attachments specified in the main document, registering documents in the RKF (case number in which the executed document is placed), sorting the sent documents by addresses and types of mailings, putting the address on the envelope, folding and attachment documents in envelopes, sealing of envelopes, marking of envelopes, drawing up a register	10 documents
6. Processing of documents sent by fax		Obtaining executed documents, checking the correctness of the paperwork, the presence of attachments specified in the main document; registration of documents; turning on the fax, establishing communication with the addressee, sending text, turning off the machine
7. Processing of sent telephone messages		Text transmission, logging	1 telephone message
8. Registration of travel certificates		Issuing a certificate in the prescribed form, affixing and certifying a mark on the arrival (departure) of an employee.	1 travel certificate
9. Automated registration of incoming documents		Turning on the computer, calling the registration and control form (RKF) format on the display, entering information about the type of document, its author, date and index assigned to the document by the author organization, the content of the document (title), applications, control details, the number of sheets of the document, assignment of the registration date of the document by the date of filling the RKF, assignment of the registration number to the document; computer shutdown	10 documents
10. Automated registration of documents created for internal use	Turning on the computer, calling the format display (RKF), entering information into the RKF about the type of document, its author, the text of the summary of the document (title) and applications, about the number of sheets of the document; assignment of the registration date to the document by the date of filling the RKF; assignment of a registration number to a document; entering information about the authors and the content of resolutions into the RKF, shutting down the computer		10 documents
11. Automated registration of sent internal documents	Turning on the computer, calling the RKF format on the display, selecting the codes (names) of addressees, entering information about the number of copies sent to each address, summing up information about the number of copies sent to all addresses; computer shutdown		10 documents
12. Automated registration of submitted initiative documents	Turning on the computer, calling the RKF format on the display, entering information about the document, the summary (title) of the document and applications, the type of document, the number of sheets into the RKF; assignment of the registration date of the document by the date of filling in the RKF; assignment of a registration number to a document; selection of codes (names) of recipient organizations, entering information on the number of copies sent to each addressee, summing up the total number of copies, recording in the RKF, listing the RK , computer shutdown		10 documents
13. Automated accounting of the number of documents created for internal use	Turning on the computer, generating a request to search for RKF according to the given details to obtain the desired modification of the output form; sorting the RKF by the specified values of the details, counting the number of RKF, shutting down the computer		100 documents
14. Automated accounting of the number of sent internal documents	Turning on the computer, generating a request to search for RKF according to the given details to obtain the desired modification of the output form; sorting RKF according to the specified values of the details, counting the number of sent copies of documents; computer shutdown		100 documents
15. Automated accounting of the number of incoming documents, documents-responses to incoming documents, sent initiative documents	Turning on the computer, generating a request to search for RKF according to the given details to obtain the necessary modification of the output form; sorting the RKF by the specified values of the details, counting the number of RKF, shutting down the computer		100 documents
16. Automated accounting of the volume of document flow of the institution	Turning on the computer, generating a request for the given details, sorting the RKF by the given values of the details, counting the number of RKF and sent copies of documents, printing, turning off the computer		100 documents

In the case of performing work on preparation for reproduction of the Republic of Kazakhstan and documents for performers, the standard increases by 0.45 hours for every 10 documents

3.1.3. Work on the control of execution of documents

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	time standard, h
1. Control of execution of documents	Drawing up a RK, if it is not transferred from the registration service, affixing a mark "K" (control) on the document and on the RK, the location of the first copy of the RK in the card index, sending the second copy of the RK together with the document to the structural unit to the executor, control of the execution of the document, a reminder of the deadline for execution, obtaining information about the results of execution, recording information in the RK, informing managers about the status of execution, removing the document from control. Compilation of a summary of documents not executed on time, compilation of a summary of the execution of documents subject to control, generalization of the results of execution of documents by structural divisions, analysis of the status of execution of documents in the organization	10 documents
2. Control over the execution of citizens' applications	Also	10 documents
3. Automated control over the execution of incoming documents	Turning on the computer, viewing the document, calling the document on the RKF display, entering the control details of the task (resolution) into the database, printing the RKF, placing the RKF in the control and reference card index, transferring the document to the RKF for execution, receiving the controlled document and RKF, control over the correctness execution and deadline for the execution of the document, correction of the RKF; execution of the executed document; filling in the RKF according to the results of the execution of the document; printout of the RKF, the formation of a summary of the execution of controlled documents for individual specified details or their combinations; conducting reference and information work, receiving output forms for accounting and control of documents, shutting down the computer	10 documents
4. Automated control of execution of citizens' appeals	Also	10 documents
5. Automated control over the execution of documents created for internal use	Also	10 documents

3.1.4. Creation and maintenance of filing cabinets

Executors - the head of the office, the senior inspector, the inspector, the clerk, the secretary-typist, the operator of computers and computers, the document specialist.

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	Time standard, h
1. Compilation and maintenance of a reference card index	Systematization, placement of RC in the card index in accordance with the classifiers or the scheme for constructing the card index; making changes to the cards (recording information about the performer, postponing the deadline, etc.); selection of cards for documents whose due dates are expiring (to inform the executors), rearrangement of the RK for executed documents in the corresponding section of the card index, selection of RK for documents with expiring deadlines (to inform the management)	10 registers
2. Maintaining an automated database to control the execution of documents	Turning on the computer, calling the document details on the screen, calling the RKF format, filling out a card for a newly received document or making changes (additions) to the card, information about the executors, deadlines (postponement); selection of cards within the system (cards for executed and unexecuted documents, for documents with expired deadlines) and by sections; printout of cards for documents with expired deadlines to inform managers; printout of cards; computer shutdown	10 cards
3. Drawing up and maintaining a card index on proposals and complaints of citizens	Filling out the cards in the prescribed form, systematizing, placing the RC in accordance with the classifiers or the card index building scheme, making changes to the cards	10 registers
4. Drawing up and maintaining thematic cards to departmental regulations, orders, decisions	Filling out cards in the prescribed form, systematizing, arranging thematic cards in accordance with classifiers or a card index building scheme, arranging new cards, making changes to cards	10 thematic cards

3.1.5. Formation and execution of cases in structural divisions, examination of the scientific and practical value of documents, compilation of annual sections of case inventories, transfer of cases to the departmental archive.

Executors - the head of the office, the senior inspector, the clerk, the secretary-typist, the operator of computers and computers, the document specialist.

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	Time standard, h
1. Formation of cases of permanent storage, compilation of headings, registration of cases (management documentation)	Grouping of executed documents into cases, checking the correspondence of the content of documents to the headers of cases according to the nomenclature of cases, the correctness of execution and completeness (completeness) of documents, numbering of sheets in the case, compilation of an internal inventory of case documents and an attestation inscription, compilation and clarification of the headers of cases, description of cases on the covers
2. Formation of cases on the personnel of the organization, compilation of headings, registration of cases	Also
3. Formation of cases of temporary (over 10 years) storage, compilation of headings, registration of cases	Also
4. Formation of cases of temporary (up to 10 years) storage, compilation of titles, registration of cases (management documentation)	Grouping executed documents into cases, checking the correspondence of the content of documents to the headers of cases according to the nomenclature of cases, the correctness of execution and completeness (completeness) of documents, drawing up and clarifying the headers of cases, describing cases on the covers
5. Conducting an examination of the scientific and practical value of documents and drawing up an act on the allocation for destruction of documents and files that are not subject to storage	Studying the composition and content of documents, determining their scientific, historical and practical significance, looking through the pages of files, selecting documents for permanent, temporary storage for destruction, drawing up an act on the allocation of documents that are not subject to storage, consideration of the act at a meeting of the CEC (EC), approval of an act
6. Compilation of annual sections of inventories of cases of permanent and temporary (over 10 years) storage to be transferred to the archive of the organization	Drawing up an annual section of the inventory for cases that have passed the examination of value, consideration of the prepared section at a meeting of the CEC (EC), revision according to comments, execution, approval in the prescribed manner, checking the quality of the formation and execution of cases, the compliance of the number of cases entered in the inventory with the number of cases opened on the nomenclature of cases; putting temporary codes (in pencil) on the covers of cases	10 descriptive inventory items
7. Automated compilation of annual sections of inventories of cases of permanent and temporary (over 10 years) storage to be transferred to the archive of the organization	Turning on the computer, calling up the inventory format on the display, entering data on cases that have passed the examination of values; reading of the compiled inventory, editing; printout; consideration of the annual section of the inventory at a meeting of the CEC (EC); making changes to the inventory in accordance with the comments made; printout of the inventory section after revision, shutdown of the computer	10 descriptive inventory items
8. Transfer of cases to the archive of the organization from the structural unit	Transfer of cases individually according to inventories and nomenclatures of cases, transfer of copies of inventories, nomenclatures of cases, reference and thematic files according to the schedule, registration of the transfer in the prescribed form

3.2. Time spent on the organization's archive

3.2.1. Methodological and organizational support of work.

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	Time standard, h
1. Development of normative and methodological manuals (instructions, recommendations, provisions)	Compilation of bibliography, study of scientific and methodological literature and documents on the topic, identification and collection of materials, their analysis, drawing up a plan and diagram of the manual, systematizing information, writing text, editing, discussion, revision according to comments

3.2.2. Creation of a scientific and reference apparatus for the documents of the archive of the organization

Performers - head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category, archivist of the 2nd category, archivist.

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	Time standard, h
1. Drawing up annual sections of consolidated inventories of cases of permanent storage	Writing, drawing up an inventory (annual section of the summary inventory) in the prescribed form, consideration at a meeting of the CEC (EC), submitting the inventory for approval by the EIC of the state archive, discussion, revision based on comments, approval by the head of the organization	10 descriptive inventory items
2. Drawing up summary inventories of cases by personnel	Writing, drawing up an inventory (annual section of the summary inventory) in the prescribed form, consideration at a meeting of the CEC (EC), submitting the inventory for approval by the EPK of the state archive, discussion, revision based on comments, approval by the head of the organization	10 descriptive inventory items
3. Drawing up prefaces to the inventories of archival funds	Study of legislative and scientific reference literature, the history of the fund and its documents in order to determine the dates of formation, reorganization, renaming, liquidation of the fund maker. clarification of its jurisdiction, functions, structure, study of the office work system, the nature and condition of documents, collection and analysis of information on the availability and composition of the scientific reference apparatus (NSA) to the fund, on the features of processing and systematization of documents, writing the text of the preface, discussion, revision of remarks
4. Drawing up historical information on the archival funds of organizations, institutions and enterprises	Collecting data on the history of the fund creator based on the information revealed when compiling the prefaces to the case records for this period, writing the help text, discussion, revision according to comments
5. Drawing up subject, geographical, name indexes to completed inventories	Viewing the inventory, identifying data, writing cards (with the introduction of one concept on each card), compiling an index	10 index cards

3.2.3. Document cataloging

Executors - head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category, archivist of the 2nd category, archivist, operator of computers and computers.

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	Time standard, h
1. Drawing up cards and maintaining a subject (subject-thematic) card index	Studying the inventory in order to select cases for cataloging documents, looking through the pages of cases, identifying documents to be cataloged, annotating the content of identified documents, writing cards in the prescribed form, stamping cataloging on the covers of cases; grouping of cards in alphabetical order of subject concepts, then according to the scheme adopted for this card index; arrangement of cards in the card index in accordance with the adopted systematization scheme	10 cards
2. Creation of an automated database of archive documents	Studying the inventory, selecting cases, looking through the pages of cases, identifying documents, turning on the computer, calling the card format on the display, filling it out, systematizing the cards in accordance with the established indices according to the adopted scheme; shutting down the computer; stamping the cataloging stamp on the cover of the case
- with a printout of cards	Also	10 cards
- without printing cards	Also	10 cards
- for state, public, creative figures	Also	10 cards
- by personnel	Also	10 cards
3. Drawing up cards and maintaining a personal card index (for state, public, creative figures)	Studying the inventory, selecting cases for cataloging documents, looking through the pages of cases, identifying documents subject to cataloging, studying the content of the identified documents, writing cards in the prescribed form, grouping cards by surname, first name and patronymic in alphabetical order, then according to the scheme adopted for this card index ; arrangement of cards in the card index in accordance with the accepted systematization scheme	10 cards
4. Drawing up cards and keeping a card index for the personnel of the organization	Also	10 cards

3.2.4. Use of documents. Information services for institutions and citizens

Executors - head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category, archivist of the 2nd category, archivist, archivist.

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	Time standard, h
1. Execution of subject queries	Acquaintance with the request, studying the scientific and reference apparatus of the archive documents, identifying information on the subject of the request, writing the response text
2. Thematic identification and preparation of a white paper	Viewing cases, identifying information on the topic, drafting the text of an information document (a thematic list, information letter)	1 printed sheet
3. Issuance of cases for temporary use	Acquaintance with the request, determination of the location of cases by topographic indicators, seizure of cases, placement of substitute cards, verification of the correspondence of the cipher and title on the cover of the case and in the inventory (nomenclature of cases), checking the numbering of sheets and the physical state of cases, drawing up an act on the issuance of cases in a temporary use, issue of cases
4. Reception of visitors for the purpose of consultation	Consulting on the composition and content of documents on the subject of the request, informing about the availability of documents in the archive for obtaining a certificate of work, service, study	1 visitor
5. Fulfillment of requests of a social and legal nature	Acquaintance with the request (statement), study of the scientific reference apparatus and archive documents, identification of biographical information, writing the text of the archive reference *
6. Acceptance and issuance of unclaimed work books	Acceptance of work books for storage, registration of reception, placement of work books in the box of the card index alphabetically, issuance of work books to owners	1 work book

* Information is revealed for a period of not more than 5 years

3.2.5. Conducting a comprehensive (thematic) check of the status and operation of the archive of a subordinate institution

Performers - head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category.

Job title

Unit of measure for the amount of work

Standard

time, h

1. Conducting a comprehensive (thematic) check of the state and operation of the archive of the subordinate institution (participation in the check together with employees of the state archive)

Studying the conditions of storage of files, the state of accounting and scientific reference apparatus, the effectiveness of the use of documents, checking the readiness of documents for transfer to state departmental storage, the correctness of the examination of the value, registration of cases, informing the management of the organization about the results of the check, discussing the results of the check in the archive of the subordinate institution, drawing up a certificate based on the results of the check

1 complex

3.2.6. Control over the organization of documents in the office work of the structural divisions of the department (organization) and in the institutions of the system.

Executors - the head of the office, the head of the expedition, the senior inspector, the inspector, the head of the archive, the archivist of the 1st category, the archivist of the 2nd category.

Job title		Unit of measure for the amount of work	Time standard, h
1. Carrying out an audit of the organization of work with documents in the structural divisions of the department and in the institutions of its system	Studying the main tasks and functions of the institution as a whole and its structural subdivisions, drawing up an inspection plan, studying the work with documents at the inspected facility (together with employees of the clerical service), informing the management of the institution (structural unit) about the results of the inspection, discussing the results of the inspection at the object, drawing up verification results	1 check of one structural unit (institution), the nomenclature of cases of which includes up to 100 items
2. Control over the organization of work with documents in the office work of the structural divisions of the institution	Checking (together with employees of the clerical service) the correctness of the formation and description of cases, ensuring the safety of documents in the clerical work of drawing up inventories, preparing cases for transfer to the departmental archive; preparation of proposals for improving work with documents	1 check of work with documents of one structural unit, the nomenclature of cases of which includes up to 100 items
3. Oral counseling of employees of the organization	Consulting on the formation of cases, compilation of nomenclatures of cases, inventories, examination of value, selection of documents for state storage, practical application of methodological aids	1 consultation
4. Writing consultations	Registration of a response to employees of the organization on the formation of cases, compilation of nomenclatures of cases, inventories, examination of values, selection of documents for state storage, practical application of methodological manuals	1 service letter of 1 typewritten sheet

3. 2.7. Ensuring the safety of documents

Performers - head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category, archivist of the 2nd category, archivist, senior custodian of funds, custodian of funds, archivist

Job title		Unit work volume measurement	Time standard, h
1. Reception of cases in the archive from the structural unit	Familiarization with the state of affairs, checking the correctness of the execution of cases, receiving cases according to the inventory (individually), receiving a control and reference card file for the documents of this annual section of the inventory, recording (in two copies of the inventory) information on the number of actually accepted cases, numbers of missing cases; placement of cases at the place of storage, a mark in topographic indexes about the placement of cases, an entry in the book of accounting for the receipt and disposal of documents
2. Selection, preparation and transfer of documents for disinfection, disinfestation, restoration and binding	Selection of cases according to the acts of checking the availability, a card file (journal) for recording the physical condition of documents, registering in the book for issuing cases from the archive, placing an order in the prescribed form, transferring cases to the laboratory
3. Issuance (acceptance) of cases	Issuance of cases: familiarization with the order, determination of the location of cases by topographic indicators, seizure of cases, placement of substitute cards, determination of the correspondence of the code and the title on the cover of the case and in the inventory (nomenclature of cases), checking the numbering of sheets and the physical state of affairs, marking in the issuing book cases from the archive. Reception of cases: visual inspection of cases, checking the numbering of sheets and the physical state of affairs, a mark on the return of cases in the issuing book, seizure of substitute cards, placing cases in storage	10 cases issued or accepted into the archive
4. Cardboarding cases	Placing cases in the box in numerical order, writing a label, sticking it on the box
5. Formation of bundles of cases to be kept	Grouping cases in numerical order, writing a label, attaching a label to a twine, tying cases
6. Drawing up topographic indexes	Filling in the columns of the index card in the prescribed form, grouping the cards in the sequence of the arrangement of shelves, numbers of funds	10 cards
7. Automated maintenance of topographic indicators	Turn on the computer, call to the format display; filling in the columns (clarification of data in the columns) of the index card, grouping the cards in the established sequence of arrangement; printout; computer shutdown	10 cards
8. Checking the presence and condition of documents	Reconciliation of the actual existence of cases at the storage places and according to the inventory (nomenclature of cases), a descriptive article of the inventory (nomenclature of cases) with a description on the cover of the case, checking the physical condition and technical registration of cases, filling out an availability check sheet indicating the physical state of affairs in it, drawing up an act checking the availability and state of affairs in the fund

However, this is not so: it is much more often mentioned and used in practicephotography of working hours (FRV) - a type of work process monitoring, designed to study the structure of costs and losses of working time, as well as to determine their quantitative ratio. Like timing, it is convenient, simple and gives quite reliable results. At the same time, attention is paid to the entire working time, and not only to individual operations or techniques.

HRF results can be used to:

increasing labor productivity by eliminating the identified losses and waste of working time;

establishing the reasons for non-fulfillment of labor standards and production targets;

rationing the time for servicing the workplace, rest and personal needs, as well as preparatory and final time;

indirect determination of the norms of the number and service (through the assessment of the workload during the shift).

When organizing observation, it should be taken into account for what the results will be used:

1. To study the structure of costs, lost working time and develop measures to improve productivity. In this case, observations should be carried out in the conditions that actually prevail at the given workplace. In this case, the object of observation is chosen arbitrarily, without additional conditions.

2. To determine the norms. With this option, as with timing, additional requirements should be fulfilled: a) the most highly productive employee cannot be chosen as the object of observation (Article 85 Labor Code of Ukraine ) and b) during the observation period, normal working conditions should be ensured (Article 88 of the Labor Code of Ukraine).

Depending on the object of observation, different types of RFF are distinguished:individual, group and brigade... At the same time, observations can cover both the entire work shift (photograph of the working day) and part of it. Let us consider in more detail the features of each type of RFF.

Individual FRV

In this case, the object of observation is the labor activity of one employee. Individual PDF allows you to study with the maximum degree of detailwork time(costs and losses). It is convenient to record the results of the PDF in pre-preparedobservation sheets or photocards (tab. one).

Observation during the set time is carried outcontinuously... A worker's actions / periods of inactivity follow one another, so there is no need to record the start and end times of each.

In the column "current time" (column 2) is recordedend timeeach action / period of inactivity,start timeis the end time of the previous one. As a rule, the recording is carried out with an accuracy of the minutes, so the observer only needs to have an ordinary watch. In cases where a more accurate result is required, more accurate instruments (stopwatch) should be used.

When carrying out FRV of machine-manual and automated labor processes, operational time can "overlap" other types of costs of working time ( ). In such cases, the corresponding entries are made in the column "overlaps" (column 4): the ordinal number of the operational time record, which covers this type of working time expenditure, is indicated. (Naturally, if there is no overlap, the column is not filled.)

Since the recording of observations (actions or inaction of an employee) is kept in an arbitrary form, when describing the same or similar actions, observers (even if they are the same person) can use different formulations. To facilitate the analysis of the RFF results, the wording should be brought “to a common denominator” - as shown in the “index” column (column 6). In this case, a specialindexing system ; There is no uniform standard for it, but abbreviations are usually used (OP - operational time, OM - workplace maintenance, etc.). For a more detailed analysis, additional digital indices are used (tab. 2).

To process the results of observations, a "Statement of the same costs of working time" is compiled. (The statement for the above FRV example is given inTable 3.)

Group FRV

With all its advantages, conducting an individual RFF requires a significant investment of time.

To organize observations of the brigade (a group of workers associated with the implementation of a common production task), a methodology was developed for conducting"Team photography of working time" ... In fact, these are several individual PRF (according to the number of team members), which are carried out simultaneously. This is a very complex and cumbersome process that requires intense attention from a highly qualified observer. This technique has not received wide practical distribution.

To monitor several workers at the same time, a methodology for conducting"Group photography of working time" (GFRV) ... It can be used to monitor both teams and those workers who are not bound by a common production task.

The organization of observation during group and individual RFF differs significantly. When conducting the GFRV:

not continuous, but selective observation is used - at predetermined points in time (at regular intervals);

not all actions / inactions of the employee are recorded, but what he does exactly at the moment of observation.

Before starting the observation, you must:

determine the workers for whom the PFRV will be carried out;

prepare an observation sheet / photocard form (tab. 4);

each employee should be assigned a conditional serial number, in accordance with which the records will be kept;

set the time interval after which the observation results will be recorded (usually - from 1 to 3 minutes).

Features of group observation. When the time comes to fill in the next line of the photocard, the actions / inaction of each of the workers should be recorded in the appropriate cells. For this, asimplified system of indices of costs and losses of working time , where those elements of costs and losses of working time are used that are of greatest interest in carrying out this observation. (In this case, applying the same detailed indexing system as when conducting an individual PDF may be too difficult.)

To speed up the process of fixing the results of PFRV observations, the observer should learn the notation used in advance. In this example, only 13 indices were used:

IM - instructing the master;
PZA - receiving a task;
ПЗГ - receiving blanks;
СГП - delivery of finished products;
OP - operational time;
OPU - packing (part of the operational time);
ORM - maintenance of the workplace;
OLN - rest and personal needs;
NDP - downtime is not the fault of the worker;
PRA - simple due to extraneous conversations;
BPR - unreasonable termination of work;
OPO - delay;
BRU - unreasonable leaving the workplace.

After the completion of the observations, a list of costs of the same name and losses of working time is drawn up (tab. 5). In contrast to the statement compiled when conducting an individual RFV, here not only the time by category for each of the workers is summed up separately, but the average value for the entire group is also calculated. At the same time, for each of the types of recorded costs and losses of time, its duration is indicated in minutes and a share of the total observation time.

Self-photograph of working time

What are the disadvantages of this "self-service"? Since the employee keeps records on his own, the time required is increased; he is distracted from work - the pace of work is lost and the likelihood of errors increases. In order to minimize negative effects, during self-photographing of working hours, onlyloss of working time ... Indeed, since the employee is still idle, it means that he has time to make an entry in the observation sheet (tab. 6).

What can be done to counteract the employee's “natural” temptation to distort the observation results in “their own favor”? To compensate for possible distortions, I recommend:

Accept only manually filled in observation sheets.

Conduct observations in two stages - three to five days each, but with an interval between stages of two to three weeks.

Even if employees distort the results of observations, it will be difficult for them after a while to repeatedly distort the data "in the same way" (indeed, it is absolutely impossible for anyone to remember and repeat their "improvements"). Such "intentional" distortions are usually detected during the processing of the results.

Continuation of table. 4.5

The employment of the worker at each of the machines included in the workplace is determined (Table 4.5, column 12):

T v.n - auxiliary non-overlapping time;

Т в.п - auxiliary overlapped time;

T a.n - the time of active observation of the operation of the machine;

T lane - the transition time from machine to machine.

The time of active observation of the work of the machine included in the workplace, depending on the sum of the machine-automatic time of all operations at the workplace, is determined from the table. 4.6.

The time for automatic approach of the tool is set (column 14, table 4.5). It is taken from the technical and normalization charts for operations. Machine-automatic time is taken into account when its duration does not exceed the time spent by the worker for the transition to the next machine.

Table 4.6

Time standards for active surveillance in multi-station service conditions

The sum of the machine-automatic time of all operations included in the workplace		Time of active observation of the work of machines, min.






	10 and more

The reduced employment of a worker in the manufacture of one part in an operation is calculated. In this case, there are several options (table 4.5, column 15):

1) when servicing one or several backup machineswith the same operational time:

2) when servicing several backup machines with differentoperational time:

3) when processing two or more parts at the workplacewith a different program:

The reduced time for the transition of the worker (table 4.5, column 16) from one machine to another (within his workplace) is calculated, which, depending on the actual distance of the transitions (L), is set at the rate of 0.015 min. for 1 m of crossing:

The total employment of the worker at the workplace is determined as the sum of the time spent on all operations included in the given workplace, and the time for transitions from machine to machine (Table 4.5, column 17). Employment of a worker at the workplace as a percentage of the cycle time (Table 4.5, column 18) is calculated as the ratio of the time a worker is employed at the workplace in minutes to the reduced cycle time at the workplace, and the result is multiplied by 100.

The given cycle time is at the workplace (T c.p). It is established by choosing the largest of two values: the time the worker is busy at the workplace and the maximum operational time of the operation of the given workplace (Table 4.5, column 19).

Time for maintenance is calculated. It is taken from the operational normalization charts. If the operation employs several machines, the maintenance time for the operation is determined as the arithmetic mean of the maintenance time for all machines (Table 4.5, column 20).

The time of organizational maintenance of the workplace is found (as a percentage of the reduced cycle time) using the appropriate standards.

According to the standards, the time for rest and personal needs is calculated (as a percentage of the given cycle time).

The piece time per workplace for one part is determined by the formula:

The time rate for the workplace, accepted for payment in minutes for one part, is set equal to the flow takt time.

The total time spent by a worker at the workplace is determined by the following amount: gr. 17 + gr. 20 + gr. 22.

at workstations of the production line (part 70-1601021)

Table 4.5

Shop

MC-4

Detail

70-1601021

Plot

Gear

Workplace number

The name of the operation

Machine

Time calculation

Main time

Auxiliary time

Operational time

machine

machine-manual and manual

Non-overlapping

overlapping

Operational time of production of one part on each machine

The number of parts processed in the maximum operational time

Reduced operational time of part production in one operation

05 turning 08 turning 10 turning 15 turning

0,71 1,25 0,78 1,27

- - - -

0,223 0,223 0,208 0,223

0,208 0,245 0,133 0,108

0,933 1,437 0,988 1,493

0,933 1,473 0,988 1,493

Developed by

Signature

date

Labor rate engineer

Process Engineer

Annual program

Cycle time calculation

Employment of a worker in a cycle

Employment of a worker in the manufacture of one part on each machine

Time spent actively observing machine tools

Automatic approach of the tool and machine-automatic time (if its duration does not exceed the transition of the worker to the next machine), reduced to one part

Reduced employment of a worker in the manufacture of a part in an operation

The reduced time for the transition of the worker at the end of the working cycle to the initial position

Total employment of a worker in a cycle

In minutes for one detail

Percentage of cycle time

0,431 0,408 0,341 0,331

- - - -

0,431 0,408 0,341 0,331

0,24

1,811

Agreed

Signature

date

Head of BTZ

Head of the technical bureau

NOT Engineer

Shift of work

Cycle, min.

2,19

Rhythm, min.

2,19

No. of work place

Reduced cycle time at the workplace

Calculation of the piece time rate

The total employment of a worker at a workplace in

Workplace maintenance costs

Leisure and personal needs

Working hours at the workplace

One-piece technical

Organizational

In minutes for one detail

In pro-cents at the time of the cycle

In min-nu-tah on one-well de-tal

Calculated in minutes for one detail

Accepted for payment in minutes for one item

In mi-well-tah

In pro-cen-tah by time-me-no-so-that

1,811

0,116

3,2

0,058

0,109

2,094

2,19

2,009

94,5

Approved

Signature

date

Head of OOTiZ

Head of TO

The employment of the worker at each of the machines included in the workplace is determined (Table 4.5, column 12):

T v.n - auxiliary non-overlapping time;

Т в.п - auxiliary overlapped time;

T a.n - the time of active observation of the operation of the machine;

T lane - the transition time from machine to machine.

Labor standards. Labor standards A list of calculation of piecework wages for a product assembler for a month

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3.1. Time spent on work on documentation support of management

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Time standards for active surveillance in multi-station service conditions

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