House 5 by 5 with your own hands. Country house (simple and inexpensive): what type and project to choose, construction, nuances. DIY open-plan frame cottage

A one-story frame country house is an ideal solution for those who want to equip warm and comfortable housing with their own hands at a low price and as quickly as possible. You can build such a house for a summer residence with your own hands in just a season!

The advantages of frame houses

However, if you are going to do construction with your own hands, then you cannot do without additional processing of wood. Frame structures pride themselves on their durability. According to experts in the construction of such buildings, the house will be able to serve for more than 50 years.

Disadvantages of frame country houses

But besides the advantages, there are several important ones. The first drawback is fire hazard. You ask, why did we talk about the fire resistance of such buildings earlier? The answer is quite simple - suburban frame houses are built from wood that supports combustion. Therefore, it is important to treat the wood with fire retardants, which reduce the possibility of fire to a minimum. This also applies to the appearance of mold and rot, which all building materials are susceptible to. That is why when buying wood, you need to follow all the stages of drying and processing it with special means, and it is better to purchase material from trusted suppliers.

Many people attribute a reduced level of strength to one-story frame buildings. This is true when compared with brick or stone houses, but there is no need to be afraid that the house will be blown away by a strong wind or hurricane. But for this it is necessary to comply with all stages and technology of construction. The main disadvantage is that such buildings do not "breathe". The problem is that materials for construction, which have been treated with various impregnations, begin to pass air worse. To solve this problem, you just need to install a high-quality ventilation system in the country.

Another fact that is considered a disadvantage is the low level of sound insulation. The use of additional soundproofing materials will help. As you can see, frame structures have both pros and cons. And they should be taken into account in order to make the right choice. However, if we take into account the number of advantages and disadvantages that can be eliminated quite simply and economically, the benefits of building such a house in a summer cottage are visible to the naked eye. It remains only to tell you how the construction of a frame country house with your own hands is going on.

The construction of a suburban frame house with your own hands begins with the creation of a base - a foundation. In this case, the foundation is needed as usual, as for a simple house. The only difference is that since one-story houses are most often erected, it is simply inappropriate to do too much depth. The best option is a strip foundation or prefabricated concrete blocks. True, in order to achieve durability, one cannot do without high-quality waterproofing.

You can equip the base of asbestos pipes. In this case, the main condition is the uniform arrangement of the supports. To do this, mark the points around the perimeter in 1 meter increments. After that, in each marked place, we dig a hole up to 1 meter deep and a width equal to the diameter of the pipes. We put the pipes vertically, ram the soil and fill it with concrete.

If you do all the work with your own hands, then to prepare a suitable mixture you need to take cement, sand, crushed stone in proportions of 3: 1: 4. After pouring the cement, it must be left for several days so that the mixture dries and hardens. In this case, it is advisable to close the structure from direct sunlight, otherwise the cement may crack.

DIY flooring - the second stage in construction

After pouring the foundation, we proceed to the arrangement of the floor. Work begins with laying a waterproofing layer - for this, we line roofing material around the perimeter of the walls. Next, lay the boards on top of the roofing material, process them with an anti-rotting composition and leave them to dry. It is important to remember that the styling must be as accurate as possible. Even a millimeter distortion of the material will lead to a violation of the geometry of the entire building.

The accuracy of setting the angles is important - the maximum permissible deviation should be no more than 1 cm. Anchoring the sub-floor, which can be an unedged board, is carried out using anchor bolts - holes are drilled in the concrete base for them with a step of 2 meters. Next, we fasten the logs, laying the selected material for insulation between them. At the next stage, we lay the boards of the finished floor, which are sealed with construction brackets and fastened to the logs with nails.

Make sure that all elements of the building are made of the same type of wood. Otherwise, differences in expansion coefficients will lead to a distortion of the house. The finished floor must be cleaned with a plane, polished and treated with oil or linseed oil. If in the future you are going to cover the floor with linoleum or other floor covering, then you do not need to polish the floor with a plane.

Do-it-yourself wall and frame construction

Do-it-yourself construction of a one-story house includes the construction of a frame with walls. In this case, the work is divided into several stages:

• The construction of the lower harness, which is made of connected beams by the "thorn-groove" method so that not the slightest gap remains. Experts do not advise using metal fasteners, because upon contact with metal, the tree may begin to rot. Therefore, it is better to use wooden pins.
• Installation of vertical boards. In the places where the boards will be placed, you need to install pins. Do-it-yourself construction starts with the installation of corner posts mounted on pins. The beam must be positioned vertically using a temporary spacer to fix the angle.
  
• Upper frame strapping. This stage is carried out after strengthening the racks and their subsequent fixation in an upright position. All corners must be strictly straight. Installation of ceiling beams, which should be positioned every 50 cm, coinciding with the location of the uprights.
• Installation of support beams, which are installed where the interior partitions will be located. This will prevent the ceiling from sagging and give strength to the structure. After installing the frame, the building should be sheathed with boards. Do not forget about the need to install windows - it is best if their size does not exceed 20% of the size of the walls.
  

Roof of the house - step by step

You can assemble the roof either on the ground, after which it is transferred upstairs, or directly on the house. Choose the option that suits you best. First you need to prepare the rafters - comb the ends on the beams, which should form an angle of 50 ° at the end connection. It is best to use nails and crossbars for fastening. As a result of the work, you should have roof elements that resemble the letter A.

Next, we create a crate - nail the boards to the rafters at a distance of 10 cm so that they extend beyond the ends by 25 cm. After that, the crate is covered with roofing material (waterproofing) or another strong synthetic film. Attach the material with a construction stapler. At the last stage, we put the roof. We fasten the selected material over the roofing material.

In this case, laying work begins from the bottom rows, and the sheets themselves are overlapped. The roof extending beyond the edges of the sheathing is cut off. At the last stage, a ridge strip is attached and a drainage system with several drains is built. A variety of materials can act as a roof: corrugated board; metal tiles; ondulin.

The last stage of work is insulation and finishing

First you need to decide on the choice of thermal insulation materials. They are chosen depending on the purpose of the house. From the inside, the walls can be sheathed with boards or drywall using self-tapping screws. Drywall, in turn, is pasted over with wallpaper or painted - here you have to choose for yourself. Do not forget to insulate your home.

If you are going to use the country house as a permanent residence, it is advisable to use expanded polystyrene or mineral wool. For a summer cottage, you can use a lighter and more inexpensive insulation.

We put the material for insulation between the beams in this way and fix it with brackets. We put a waterproofing film on top of the material and fill the crate of thin slats - this will ensure normal ventilation. Outside, the house can be finished with siding panels, clapboard or any other material for external cladding. By the way, having chosen wood sheathing, nail it at an angle of no more than 45 ° and do not do it firmly, since the wood may swell or dry out a little over time.

As you can see, everyone can build a house with their own hands. You just need to purchase materials and follow all instructions exactly. After all, this is the only way to enjoy all the advantages of frame houses.

A suburban area is not only land with a vegetable garden and plantings. Many city dwellers come there for a good rest, so it is necessary to have a house on the site. Not all summer residents have the opportunity to build a comfortable house on six acres. Many people get out of this situation by choosing the option of building an economy class house.

Inexperienced and novice summer residents are faced with the question of choosing cheap materials for construction. Below are examples of inexpensive and cozy country houses with illustrative photos.

Where to start construction

Any construction project starts with a plan on paper. A house outside the city is not intended for year-round living, but for the sake of comfort it requires familiarization with a typical project.

Among the projects of country houses, the leading one is with an attic or an attic. This option allows you to abandon construction on the farm building site. All inventory and tools are kept in the attic. In addition to such a house, you can add a veranda or terrace that serves as a dining room.

Strip foundations are more time consuming and costly. The positive side of it is that it allows you to use the room under the floor as a basement.

The next stage of preparation is the material of the "box" of the future construction. There are several types of inexpensive and reliable building materials:

Frame-panel constructions

The frame is mounted using a bar and sheathed with wooden boards, fiberboard or chipboard. As a heater, polystyrene foam, glass wool or polystyrene foam are used. The result is a house with minimal costs that can be operated all year round.

A house made of timber is distinguished by its durability. Construction work will be more expensive. When using cheap timber, there is a possibility of encountering the problem of building shrinkage. As a result, cracks and gaps appear. The cobbled house will also have to be insulated.

A clay house is the cheapest and easiest construction option. Building materials are right under your feet. The construction technique is similar to clay modeling.

The downside is the construction process that is too time-consuming. It will take several seasons to build a clay dwelling.

The carriage is common among newcomers to summer residents. The best option for living in the summer or during the construction of a comfortable house.

Frame construction

The frame building belongs to the category of low-budget. It will not be difficult to build a country house with your own hands without the help of specialists. If all the necessary materials are ready, the work period will last several weeks.

To build a house you will need:

• bars for the frame;
• screws and corners;
• wood slabs chipboard or fiberboard;
• insulation;
• piles for the foundation.

Stages of construction of a frame house

In the marked places, piles are driven in the corners. Mount concrete or brick supports under the joints of the walls. Then they cover them with a waterproofing material and tie them with a channel.

A lattice of beams is laid around the entire perimeter. On top of it, wooden logs are placed at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. All parts are fixed with corners and screws.

Next, mount the vertical racks, firmly abutting against the bar grate. The finished frame is tied and attic logs are placed on top of it. Next comes the work on sheathing the frame with wooden slabs. At this stage, holes are left for windows and doors.

Now you need to decide on the choice of a roof for a country house. Most summer residents choose gable and pitched roofs. As an economy, the second option deserves more attention. When building a roof, do not forget about vapor barrier. Inexpensive sheets of corrugated board or ondulin will serve as a roof.

The outside cladding is made using siding. Before that, the outer walls are insulated with special materials. Instead of plastic windows, ordinary wooden ones without a double-glazed window are installed. This approach will significantly reduce the cost of construction.

With the help of simple and simple tips, the country house will be ready for use in less than a month. Those who do not have enough time for construction can contact a construction company, where they will offer to build a house for a turnkey dacha at an affordable price.

A few words about the interior

No matter how the house looks from the outside, inside the summer cottage must meet all the requirements of our time. Gone are the days when the dwelling in the country was used for cooking and sleeping.

Rest in the country - first of all, comfort and organization inside the house. There are many budget-friendly ways to satisfy your most coveted interior design solutions.

Country - rustic style in the interior. Here you cannot do without cabinets and shelves covered with embroidered curtains. Crocheted napkins, tablecloths and rugs from old clothes will look good.

After purchasing a suburban land plot, the question arises of the need to create conditions for living. The construction of a large cottage or country house will cost a lot of money, and you will have to wait several years before you can move into a new house.

Happy owners of plots are thinking about the possibility of building a small country house with their own hands. But how to build housing in a season without spending a lot of money and without special knowledge and skills? The solution was the construction of frame houses. The construction of such a house will not only save you a decent amount, but also easily replace a cottage or a summer cottage even in winter. And most importantly, it can be built independently without the invitation of a construction team.

Frame country houses

The possibility of self-construction of a frame house is due to the simplicity of the design. For the installation of the frame, use logs or replace them with a metal profile. But the cost of a metal frame is several times higher than a wooden one, so a frame made of timber or logs will become the best and economical option for summer cottages.

Panels made of profiled sheet, slate, boards, siding are used as walls. The panels serve as the first barrier to wind, rain and snow. Such walls should not only protect from weather conditions, but also protect from excess moisture and mechanical stress.

Plasterboard, chipboard or simple boards are also installed from the inside of the house. This layer is decorative, and also creates a "box" for laying insulation. To ensure that the house is always warm in winter, insulation is laid between the panels. The choice of material and type of insulation depends solely on the desire and financial capabilities of the owner of the site.

Before starting the construction of a frame house, it is necessary to correctly draw up a project for the future home. At this stage, you can decide on the type of building, as well as take into account the wishes of all family members. In addition, it is important to immediately select the desired layout of the rooms, since after the start of construction it will be very difficult to change something.

When designing a frame house, they additionally determine:

• list of required materials;
• stages of construction;
• the time required for the construction of the building;
• financial expenses.

Competent design will help you select the required amount of building materials, as well as save a decent amount for unforeseen expenses.

The advantages of frame houses

The popularity of frame construction of country houses around the world is due to a number of advantages. Of course, these houses also have their drawbacks, for example, low fire protection, but they all fit into other types of housing construction.

The main advantages of a frame house are the ability to build with your own hands without involving a team of workers, as well as saving financial resources. This is due to a number of factors.

• To erect a frame structure does not require special skills and knowledge required for "large" construction. The entire list of work can be done independently using conventional tools.
• The construction of such a house is very light. Therefore, the construction of a large and expensive foundation is not required.
• The construction of the frame is faster than the construction of monolithic or brick walls.
• If you use high-quality insulation, you can save on heating in the winter.
• When building frame houses, ordinary materials and tools are used, which saves a decent amount. Internal walls act as a decorative element, so they do not need additional processing.
• The possibility of construction in the winter, since the work with liquid solutions ends after the foundation is installed.
• During construction, only environmentally friendly materials are used, so there is no need to worry about the negative impact on health.

DIY open-plan frame cottage

Frame houses in most cases are built on one floor. The space under the roof can act as the second floor. Lightweight materials are used for construction, so the construction of a large foundation is not required.

The following can act as a foundation:

• screw piles, which are mounted directly into the ground;
• posts made of brick or foam concrete;
• strip foundation located at ground level or with a slight depression.

Columnar foundations are most often made without deepening. The construction of such a foundation takes place in several stages.

1. The territory is marked, the places for future posts are determined.
2. In places where the pillars will be located, holes are dug with a depth of about 40 centimeters.
3. A metal pipe is inserted into the pit as a base for the post.
4. A concrete solution of cement, gravel and sand is poured into the pipe cavity in a ratio of 1: 5: 4.
5. The earth is poured around the pillar, compacted. A sand cushion with a height of about 20 centimeters is erected on top.
6. A column of brick, foam concrete is erected around the protruding pipe, or they are simply poured with concrete.

The construction of the strip foundation is also carried out in several stages.

1. A site is marked out, pegs are dug in at the place of the corners of the future house, a thread is pulled between them.
2. A trench is being dug around the perimeter of the house and at the location of the load-bearing walls, about 50 centimeters deep and 40 centimeters wide. At the bottom of the trench, you can build a sand cushion about 20 centimeters high.
3. A frame made of metal reinforcement is mounted (should protrude 10 centimeters above the ground level).
4. Around the trench, formwork is constructed from ordinary boards, fastened together.
5. Concrete mix is ​​poured into the trench. To save materials, you can first throw broken brick, broken bottles or metal products into the pit.
6. The poured foundation is covered with plastic wrap to protect it from direct sunlight.

The frame of such a house is erected from wooden beams or logs. You can use a metal profile, but it is more expensive.

Construction is carried out in several stages.

1. The lower harness is being installed. To do this, several layers of roofing material are laid on the foundation as waterproofing, after which bars measuring 15 × 15 centimeters are laid sideways.
2. Boards are attached to them with screws 10 centimeters long. When carrying out work, all corners and irregularities are checked using a building level. Surface imperfections are eliminated with an electric plane.
3. With the help of a hacksaw, grooves are made in the bars for laying the logs. The distance between them is calculated taking into account the area of ​​the insulation. After that, the logs are laid and fixed with beams and a lower harness.
4. A beam or boards are mounted on top of the logs as a subfloor.
5. Waterproofing, insulation and a special film on top to protect against deformation are laid on the subfloor.
6. Planks are attached as a finishing floor.

After the construction of the lower harness, the frame itself is installed. To do this, vertical beams are installed in the previously prepared grooves, attached to a horizontal surface using jibs (bars acting as a support for the beam). Logs or timber are used as connecting elements, which are attached to the grooves. After installing the frame, external and internal paneling is carried out. In more detail, the construction of the frame is shown in the diagram.

Installation of the roof is carried out as follows.

1. The upper harness is mounted.
2. Ceiling beams are installed, which are attached to the jibs.
3. Boards are driven in from below, and a sheet of plywood or drywall is attached, which protrudes into the ceiling.
4. Insulation is laid between the beams according to the same principle as in the construction of the floor.
5. Rafters are attached to the beams, which should protrude 50 centimeters beyond the edge of the structure.
6. After fixing the rafters, the ridge part of the roof is formed.
7. Boards are attached to the rafters, after which a layer of roofing material and roofing material are laid.

After the construction of the frame and roof of the house, you can proceed to the interior and exterior decoration of the room.

When building a house in this way, you can choose a free layout option. For example, you can use the scheme shown in the picture.

DIY frame country house-studio

The construction of a frame house as a studio is carried out in a similar way, but with its own characteristics:

• concrete pillars are used as a foundation;
• the possibility of installing an additional terrace will increase the functional area of ​​the room;
• the absence of internal load-bearing walls simplifies the construction of a house and also reduces financial costs.

The construction of a frame house-studio can be carried out according to the following scheme.

Frame house with two bedrooms

When building a frame house, you can provide rooms for the whole family. To do this, at the planning stage, it is necessary to choose a convenient arrangement of rooms in order to correctly erect load-bearing walls during construction.

Examples of such houses can be seen on the diagrams.

Frame hut

Houses in the form of a hut have been popular since the time of the USSR. Very often they were erected in summer camps or recreation areas. The main advantage of such huts is that you can use any materials at hand.

Features of the hut house:

• saving building materials;
• the walls simultaneously act as roof rafters;
• low weight of the structure;
• you can build the simplest columnar foundation;
• perfect for a separate bedroom or storage room.

The construction of the hut is carried out as follows.

1. A columnar foundation is poured, which can be mounted without deepening into the ground.
2. Roofing material is laid on the finished pillars, after which the lower strapping is carried out according to the above scheme.
3. The frame of the structure is installed: a timber is used as lags, ordinary boards are used to connect.
4. The lathing, insulation, waterproofing layer are attached.
5. Roofing is being installed.

Important nuances in the construction of a country house with your own hands

In order for the frame house to stand for many years, and you do not have to constantly carry out repair work, pay attention to the following nuances.

• During construction, it is necessary to carefully process the wood with moisture-repellent impregnations. This will save the frame from rotting and the formation of fungi and mold. Can be additionally treated with insect impregnation.
• It is not recommended to install the timber frame directly on the concrete foundation. Be sure to use a waterproofing layer, for example, roofing felt. It will protect the wooden base from moisture coming from the foundation.
• The use of cheap insulation can negatively affect the retention of heat in the winter. Therefore, choose the material depending on the natural conditions in your area.

Our step by step instructions We will divide the construction of a frame house into several stages:

It is worth noting that each stage of construction of a frame house deserves a separate article, in addition to everything, if you describe all the possible options for foundations, roofs, etc., you can get a whole book. In this regard, to improve readability, some steps in the construction are described in detail in separate articles, and here - only what concerns the features specifically frame house.

Step number 1: Preparatory work for the construction of a frame house

Preparatory work for the construction of any house is the same and includes:

1. Site preparation
2. House layout

Site preparation

First, you need to clear the site of vegetation, if not all, then at least the place where the house will be built. This will greatly facilitate the markup and make it more accurate.

If the building site has a large slope, then, depending on the type of foundation and desire, it can be pre-leveled horizontally using special equipment.

Attention! Do not neglect this procedure, spending 1-2 hours on clearing, in the future you will greatly facilitate your work, and measurements in the grass can be with a large error.

House layout

Layout is a very crucial stage, because the layout and evenness of the corners of the walls depend on it. If the markup is inaccurate, it will be very difficult to correct this error in the next steps.

The marking of the foundation of a frame house, as well as any other, as a rule, includes a preliminary arrangement of pegs (all external walls are marked), as well as a marking of all internal walls.

If you want to know how to correctly mark the foundation for a house with your own hands, and even so that all walls and corners are even and correspond to the project, I advise you to read my article about this. Given the large amount of information, I had to take it out separately.

Step number 2: Do-it-yourself foundation for a frame house

The huge advantage of a frame house is that almost any type of foundation is suitable for its construction. The only limitation is the type of soil on the site and your options.

It is worth saying that laying the foundation for a frame house with your own hands deserves separate topics of discussion and is included in separate articles. Moreover, there are several types of suitable foundations, and which one to choose is up to you.

Here I will tell you in a nutshell about suitable foundations for a frame house, and in what cases each of them is used, as well as give links to a detailed description of them.

The most common type of foundation for a frame house is a screw-pile foundation. This is practically the simplest and cheapest option for such a house, especially since it is not difficult to install the pile-screw foundation with your own hands.

Such a foundation is suitable for almost any soil, except for rocky ones. Especially suitable for marshy soils, where dense soil is deep and other types are expensive.

In general, all the pros and cons of pile-screw foundations are discussed in another topic, which will help you decide on the choice of support for your home.

Shallow strip foundation

A shallow strip foundation is also used for construction quite often. This is due to the relatively low cost of laying it, as well as the possibility of using concrete floors in the house.

Such a foundation, due to its relative fragility, requires strict adherence to the laying technology.

As a rule, a shallow strip foundation is used in good soils, and is categorically contraindicated in soils with a very high level of groundwater and marshy soils.

Slab foundation for a frame house

Recently, the slab foundation is gaining more and more popularity for the construction of a frame house with your own hands. Despite its not small cost, it has obvious advantages, such as versatility, reliability, durability, and it can also be used as a rough floor in the house and not be spent on it separately.

Often, instead of the classic monolithic slab, a slab foundation with stiffeners is used. This allows you to save a little on the laying, and also strengthens the entire structure as a whole.

Step number 3: DIY frame house flooring

The floors in a frame house are not much different from the floors of other types of houses and can be wood or concrete. The choice depends entirely on the type of foundation, capabilities and desires.

In this step-by-step instruction, we will consider in detail only a wooden floor, concrete - in a nutshell, since it is used less often, and it is not possible to fit everything in one article.

Concrete floor device

It is worth noting that the concrete floor in a frame house is arranged, in cases of a slab foundation, or a strip foundation. With the slab, everything is clear - the slab itself will be the floor of the first floor.

But if the foundation is tape, the concrete floor is made of lightweight concrete, such as expanded clay concrete, for example.

Wooden floor device

Let's consider the device of a wooden floor using the example of a pile-screw foundation. For the tape, in principle, everything is done in the same way, with the exception of the lower strapping, it can be from a thinner beam. But first things first.

Tying the foundation of a frame house

The construction of a wooden floor begins with strapping the foundation. As a rule, the strapping is made of 150x150 or 150x200 timber, depending on the wall thickness and the distance between the piles. The greater the distance, the thicker the timber must be to avoid sagging.

The strapping is necessary, firstly, in order to give rigidity to the foundation, and secondly, to evenly distribute the load on the foundation, and thirdly, it will serve as a support for the future floor of the frame house.

In order to easily carry out the strapping process with your own hands, we will divide it into several stages:

1. The beam is laid out along the perimeter of the foundation, the length of the walls and the diagonal are checked. At this stage, the final and accurate marking of the walls is carried out, according to the project. By the way, do not forget about waterproofing, which we put in the form of roofing material under the strapping.
   
2. The next step is to outline the joining points of the timber, they should be located on the pile, since these will be the weakest points that should not "hang". This applies to houses whose walls are longer than the purchased beams.
   
3. The beam is joined with a 20-30cm overlap, as shown in the photo. For this, the so-called "locks" are cut from the end.
   
4. The corners fit in much the same way. This is clearly visible in the photo.
   
5. The timber is attached to the foundation with bolts or studs. To do this, it is necessary to drill holes, both in the head of the foundation and in the beam itself. For the convenience of further installation, protruding parts - bolt heads or nuts with studs, must be deepened. The joints are additionally pierced with nails of 150 mm or 200 mm, depending on the size of the timber.
   
6. As soon as the perimeter is ready, we proceed to the final step - strapping the foundation under the inner walls of the frame house. This beam, to the already installed external one, is attached in the same way. For reinforcement, you can additionally use fastening metal corners.
   

When the strapping of the foundation of the frame house is ready, we proceed to the next stage of our instructions - the construction of the floor frame.

Floor frame in the house

It is worth noting that already at this stage, it is advisable to provide for all communications entering the house, such as water and sewerage. Electricity and gas can be supplied later, but if everything is foreseen in advance, there will be much fewer problems later.

The next step is to install the lag, on top of the harness. If the distance between the supports is about 4 meters, then it would be better to use a beam of 100x200mm or 100x150mm in size. You can use a board 50x200mm or 50x150mm, stitching them in two.

If the distance is less than 3 meters, you can use a board of 50x150mm or better 50x200mm.

Installation of a lag is a simple stage in assembling a frame house, but there are some nuances that must be provided for in this manual:

Do-it-yourself waterproofing and floor insulation of a frame house

It is worth noting that the waterproofing, as well as the vapor barrier, must be installed with an overlap, according to the instructions for the material, while excluding the ingress of moisture into the insulation, both outside and inside. And the insulation itself fits tightly, without cracks.

So we looked at the instructions for installing the floor of a frame house, now it's time to get down to the walls.

Step number 4: Arrangement of the walls of the frame house

The next step of our instructions there will be a do-it-yourself wall installation. As with the floor, we will fasten all the boards and beams with nails and (or) mounting metal corners, some fasteners can be made with pins.

It is worth noting that almost the entire frame is assembled from a board measuring 50x150mm or 50x200mm, depending on the required wall thickness and the required insulation thickness.

Some people think that it would be better to install a timber in the corners of a frame house, but this is not entirely correct, and why - a little later, during the installation process, I will tell you about everything.

So, let's start assembling the frame of the walls of the future house.

For a better understanding and assimilation, we will divide our instructions on how to arrange the walls of a frame house into several stages:

1. Assembling the walls of a frame house. Windows and doors
2. Installation and fastening of walls vertically in place

Assembling the walls of a frame house with your own hands. Windows and doors

We will assemble the walls on the finished floor of the frame house, this is the most convenient option. But it must be borne in mind that in this case, it is necessary that all dimensions are accurate so that the walls do not turn out to be longer or shorter than the already arranged floor.

To make it clear what I am talking about, first take a look at sectional wall of a frame house , and then I'll go over everything in order.

Now we will analyze step by step how to assemble all the walls of a frame house with our own hands:

1. First of all, we need to decide on the height of the ceiling in the house. Let's say that the height of the rough ceiling is 280cm. This means that the vertical racks of the frame walls should be 280-15 = 265cm. The diagram shows where 15 cm came from.
   
2. The distance between the uprights, as a rule, is chosen based on the width of the insulation sheet, as a rule, its width is 60 cm. If the insulation is on a cotton base, then the distance is made less by 2 cm, for a tighter contact.
   
3. The upper and lower boards of the wall are laid out on the floor and the places where the vertical racks will be nailed are marked. Then the racks themselves are laid out and pierced with 120-150mm nails. You can additionally fasten them with corners.
   
4. It is worth noting that each wall will be thinner by the thickness of the wall than the length of the floor. This can be clearly seen on the diagram.
   
5. If the length of the wall is longer than the length of the board, then the wall is assembled from several parts. This is also done in cases where there are few helpers, because the whole assembled wall will have a lot of weight.
   
6. As a rule, to give rigidity to the entire structure, jumpers are mounted between the posts. There are no hard rules on the number and frequency of installation, it all depends on the length and height of the walls, but usually they break through one or two per space between the racks. The second option is better and is visible in the photo, in the case when they break through one by one - they are mounted in a checkerboard pattern (one at the bottom, the next at the top). This can be done later, when the walls are installed. Most often, lintels are punched with the expectation that they will serve as a joint of plywood or osb-plates, depending on further work.
   
7. Window and door openings in the wall of a frame house are arranged as shown in the diagram.
   
8. This is how it looks "live".
   

The most common mistake when assembling the walls of a frame house is that many forget to take into account the thickness of the board when calculating, thus the wall is not as long as we would like.

Installing the walls in place

It is worth noting that when assembling the walls, it is necessary to use a cord, pulling it from one corner to another, otherwise, the corners will be even, but the walls will not.

Top rail and structural reinforcement

So, the frame of the walls is assembled, now you need to make the upper strapping from the same board as the walls.

The upper strapping is necessary, first of all, for a stronger adhesion of the corners, and also gives unity to all parts of the frame walls and distributes the load between them.

To do this, it is necessary to pierce the board with 120-150mm nails on top of the walls, along the entire perimeter, including internal load-bearing ones, so that all joints are overlapped with an overlap of at least 25-30 cm. Except for corners where the overlap will be equal to the wall thickness.

The next step in our instructions will be to strengthen the entire structure as a whole. There are several options, the most common is reinforcement with plywood or OSB board.

As a rule, by punching one side around the entire perimeter (internal or external) with OSB sheets, the frame of the house already becomes very rigid.

Internal partitions of a frame house

The device of internal partitions is almost no different from the device of external walls, except that they have softer requirements in terms of thickness and insulation.

1. Internal partitions, in contrast to external walls, can be made thinner. Everything here will depend on the preferences and comfort of soundproofing.
2. Insulation, inside the partitions, will serve, first of all, as a sound-absorbing material, rather than thermal insulation.
3. Internal partitions are allowed to be insulated without waterproofing and vapor barrier materials.

These are all the main differences between the inner walls and the outer ones, otherwise they are arranged in the same way.

Step 5: The roof of the frame house

The roof of a frame house is practically no different from the roof for other houses, be it concrete, brick or any other. I will even say more, the installation of a roof for a frame house will be less laborious than, for example, for a block or brick one, because its fastening to the walls will be much easier.

It is worth noting that the construction of a roof is a very responsible process, but if you do not have a complicated layout of the house, then it can be easily done with your own hands.

Building the roof of any house, including a frame house, is a very large topic, where there are many nuances. Firstly, there are many types of roofs, and it is not possible to describe everything in detail in one article. Well, and secondly, in order not to confuse you, I will probably transfer this topic to a separate article.

Step 6: Insulation of a frame house

So we got to the final stage of the construction of a frame house - its insulation. It is necessary to insulate everything - the floor, walls and ceiling.

You can read more about insulating a frame house with your own hands in another step-by-step instruction, here we will discuss only general points.

When choosing insulation for the walls of a frame house, it is necessary to take into account not only the characteristics of the insulation itself, but also the features of the tree, with which not all types of insulation will interact well.

Here is a small instruction on how to insulate a frame house with your own hands:

1. Outside, on top of OSB sheets, a special waterproofing membrane is stretched. Which side - should be in the instructions for it.
2. From the inside of the house, between the racks, insulation is laid, in several layers, depending on the requirements for the house and the thickness of the wall. Each layer is laid with an overlap on the joint of the previous one in order to avoid cold bridges.
3. The floor is insulated in the same way.
4. It is better to insulate the ceiling from the attic, after filling the vapor barrier film from below onto the ceiling beams and hemming them with a board or plywood.
5. After laying the insulation, it is necessary to fill a vapor barrier film on top of it, it will protect the insulation from moisture from the inside.
6. Depending on the needs and further finishing work, cladding material is stuffed onto the walls over the film - a board or slats, but most often - OSB sheets, on top of which, in the future, finishing is carried out.

As you have already seen, there is a lot of text. But, I believe, all stages of construction were described in detail here. do-it-yourself frame house, in spite of the fact that some points were taken out in separate topics, but this is only for your convenience.

I hope that by following these step-by-step instructions, you will be able to acquire a warm, cozy and reliable home without much difficulty and at minimal cost.

After a week of work and bustle of the city, I want to relax in the bosom of nature, breathe fresh air. The ideal option is a small suburban area with a house. Often, dachas are simply called land plots that are distributed to citizens for growing crops. Sooner or later, the owner of such a plot has a desire to have a house where you can relax after working in the beds, spend a weekend in nature. Hiring a team is expensive, you can build a simple summer house of small size yourself.

How to build a country house without assistance?

Thinking about a house in a summer cottage, you should decide: whether they will live in it temporarily during the summer season or whether it is possible to live in it throughout the year. How much money will go to the construction site depends on this. For year-round living, you need to build a capital structure with communications and heating. This requires a lot of funds and labor.

If you are planning only seasonal living, then you can build a house with your own hands. At first glance, it may seem that this is a difficult and difficult task for a person far from construction. But, starting to deal with the nuances of construction, it is clear that you can get construction experience during construction, you would have a desire.

There are several technologies that make it easy and quick to build a small country house. The simplest and most cost-effective technology is frame construction. It allows you to build a house yourself without assistance. This is the cheapest option when choosing materials, since you can use used materials. True, they must be of high quality in order for the structure to serve for a long time. Another advantage of frame construction is speed. If you make an effort, you can build a house for finishing in a season.

What material is suitable for the walls of the cottage - choose the appropriate options

On the construction market there is a large selection of various materials from which walls can be erected. The choice depends on the preferences of the developer, the purpose of the future home and operating conditions. For a country house, you should select inexpensive, easy-to-install materials that do not require a solid foundation. Consider several options for such building materials:

You can build a country house from other materials. For example, you can use building materials from a dismantled house if they are in a condition suitable for construction. But when it is necessary to correctly calculate all the loads.

It must be remembered that the heavier the walls, the more solid the foundation needs to be made.

Layout - usability and ease of use

Any construction consists of stages and begins with design. Even a simple country house needs a plan and a construction project. In the country house, there must be a kitchen, which can be combined with the living room for the sake of saving space, dividing the premises with a light partition. If the second floor is planned, then it is better to place bedrooms on it. For a summer cottage, a veranda is a good option for obtaining additional space for recreation.

After design, further stages involve:

• Floor mounting.
• Site preparation for construction and foundation arrangement.
• Walling.
• and the ceiling.
• External and internal finishing works.

For each stage, certain knowledge and skills are required. Therefore, before embarking on a particular type of work, you should study the nuances associated with their implementation.

How to make a solid foundation and save money?

Having decided on the place where the house will be located, you need to carry out preparatory work for the foundation. To do this, stumps are uprooted, bushes are removed, the top fertile layer of earth is removed and the surface is leveled under the foundation. Then, using a tape measure and a corner, markings are made for future corners and walls. Pegs are driven in at the place of the corners, and threads are pulled between them, limiting the dimensions of the pit. The depth of the foundation must be below the freezing depth. Usually, a pit is dug about a meter deep.

Since a lightweight foundation is needed, it can be made from railway sleepers. At the bottom of the pit, first of all, a geotextile cloth should be laid - dornit 150. It is used as an additional reinforcing layer, as well as preventing the penetration of capillary moisture to the structures of the house. Next, sand is poured in several layers, each of which is well compacted. A layer of gravel or crushed stone is arranged on top of the sand. At the next stage, sleepers are laid on the concrete layer, which are tied together. Then the structure is poured with concrete.

For a small house, a concrete strip foundation is suitable. To do this, you need to dig trenches about 50 cm wide around the perimeter of the house and internal walls, install the formwork, lay the reinforcement in it and fill it with concrete. The foundation must stand for about 3-4 weeks for the concrete to gain strength.

More solid, but also more expensive. It can be used if the construction of a basement is planned. Blocks in this case will play the role of walls. The overlap can be made of slabs or arrange a reinforced frame, build a formwork and pour concrete.

A popular foundation for lightweight frame houses is the columnar foundation. A sufficient diameter of the pillars will be 30 -40 cm. The pillars are either dug into the ground to a depth below the freezing depth, or are installed on a solid foundation directly on the ground. Corner posts must be installed. Intermediate ones are placed at a distance of 2-3 m from each other.

The floor is made of grooved boards along logs laid on the foundation. First, a rough floor is arranged. Beams are laid along the perimeter of the installed pillars. Then you should install the crossbeams on opposite posts. This creates a subfloor frame. Beams can be made of wood, metal, concrete - depending on the financial capabilities and preferences of the developer. A moisture-resistant insulation is laid between the logs, and a floor covering is arranged over the entire structure. An easier way to build a floor is a concrete screed.

Reliable and warm walls - the longevity of the building

The simplest house for a summer residence is a house with frame walls. The wall construction technology is simple:

1. 1. To protect the walls from moisture, two layers of roofing material are laid on top of the foundation. The first one laid out on the foundation is a strapping from a bar. At the ends, the bar is cut in half to connect the bars to each other at the corners.
2. 2. Next, you need to install the support legs in the corners. For stability, they are temporarily strengthened with jibs.
3. 3. Racks along the walls are installed at a distance of 50 cm from each other and also fixed. Window and door blocks are attached to the support pillars.
4. 4. After all the beams have been positioned, it is necessary to fix the upper strapping beam and fix all the posts well. To one support post, you need to attach two slopes to the beam of the lower strapping and two slopes each to the strapping from above. The installation of the beams must be checked with a building level to prevent vertical and horizontal deviations.
5. 5. Outside, the walls of the frame must be covered with a special windproof and waterproofing film, which, in turn, is fastened with a counter-lattice.
6. 6. From above, the walls are sheathed with either OSB boards or plywood sheets that are resistant to moisture.

Simultaneously with the frame of the walls, the frame of the ceiling is made. Beams are installed around the perimeter, and then the transverse beams are installed. At the stage of interior decoration, the ceiling is sheathed with plywood, plasterboard or other finishing material.

Roof - reliable protection against bad weather

For a country house, a simple one-pitched roof is best suited. But if there is a desire to have a large attic room, which, if desired, can be landscaped and get additional usable space, then you need to mount a gable roof.

A rafter system is mounted for the roof. It consists of several farms. It is more convenient to assemble individual roof parts on the ground using a template. After the individual elements are assembled, proceed to the installation of the rafters and the installation of trusses on them. First, the façade truss is installed. The correctness of the installation is checked by the building level. Then the façade truss is attached using slopes. A similar truss is installed at the opposite end of the roof, and is also temporarily fixed with slopes.

A cord is stretched between the installed extreme trusses, along which all intermediate structures are installed. When all the trusses are installed, their lower ends are braced to the floor beams. From above, the truss is fixed with a ridge bar. The outer part of the roof is covered with a windproof and moisture-proof film, on top of which a counter-grill is mounted.

The roofing material should be selected before installing the roof, as the manufacturer of the roofing material indicates which rafter system is needed. To avoid problems when working with roofing materials, when buying them, you should take a laying scheme. The roof can be made from ondulin, shingles, slate or any other roofing material that will be most beneficial.

House for a summer residence - comfort for the soul

It is important during construction to treat all wooden elements of the house with special chemicals that protect the wood from rotting, fungus, biological effects, and increase fire safety.

When the walls and roof are ready, the exterior and interior decoration remains. A budget option for facade finishing is painting OSB boards with oil paint. Siding is another attractive finishing material. With its help, you can give your house a beautiful appearance and choose a color of your choice. The lamellas are easily attached to the frame of the house with screws.

The remaining cladding boards can be used to clad the slopes of windows and doors. Window openings should be carefully processed with a jigsaw and a plane. The slopes of the windows should be sheathed with 19 mm wide wooden battens. The cladding boards are nailed to the slopes from the outside. If wall insulation is necessary, then it is better to carry it out from the outside, so as not to take away the usable area inside the house. Mineral wool is an inexpensive and convenient insulation material for installation.

Electrical wiring requires a waterproof power cable, which is best run underground. To protect the cable from damage, it must be laid at a depth of at least 60 cm, sprinkled with sand on top with a layer of about 10 cm. To protect the cable from shovels when digging, it is better to put a protective film and bricks on top.

If you do not have a lot of experience in electrical work, then it is better to entrust the wiring of electricity to specialists.

Interior decoration can create an atmosphere of comfort and peace, where you would like to relax and unwind. Therefore, despite the fact that the dacha is a seasonal habitat, I want it to be cozy and homely comfortable. This is achieved by interior design and furnishings corresponding to the chosen style. Often frame houses are sheathed from the inside with clapboard. For a small summer cottage, a rustic style is suitable. Furniture can also be made by hand, then the house will be filled with home warmth. The more work you do with your own hands, the cheaper the construction will be.

If you prepare in advance all the materials necessary for the construction of a frame house, then you can build a house on your own in one summer season. Finishing work can be done gradually, as far as possible, the main thing is to build a box at home and install a roof. The better the work is done, the longer the house will last.