Introduction

The fiery forties. Much has been written about them and will still be written, for the theme of the feat of arms is inexhaustible. The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will never be erased in the memory of the people. The working people of the hero-city of Moscow have written a bright page in the history of the war. The eyes of millions of Soviet people and all freedom-loving humanity were riveted to Moscow. Moscow was for them the personification of the will to win, the personification of heroism, fortitude and courage. In bronze, granite and marble of obelisks, sculptures, memorial plaques, and the names of streets and squares, Moscow immortalized the memory of the glorious warriors who became the pride of our people. To visit these places means to touch the glory of fathers and grandfathers, to bow before their courage and heroism shown in the fight against the enemy.

German fascism, which trampled on the state and national independence of most of the peoples of Western Europe, attacked our state on June 22, 1941. In one fleeting campaign, the Hitlerite command counted on destroying our Armed Forces and in a month and a half to reach the Arkhangelsk-Volga-Astrakhan line. The capture of Moscow and the Central Industrial Region was the main political and strategic goal of this plan. In the fall of 41, the future of all mankind was being decided here.

Every day Moscow acquired new features of a front-line city. She became harder and harder. Plunged into the darkness of its streets and avenues. As a result of camouflage, the Moscow Kremlin became unrecognizable. The light of the Kremlin stars was covered with dense covers. Black, green, oblique and broken stripes appeared on the white-stone walls of the Assumption, Annunciation and Archangel Cathedrals. The always noisy Moscow streets have become the junctions of the front roads. At night and during the day, the roar of tanks and the hum of tractors were on the roads. Among the defenders of Moscow, an honorable place is occupied by the soldiers of the Kremlin garrison, which defended the most important objects of the capital and its most ancient monuments. In honor of the fallen heroes, a plaque was installed on the Arsenal building in the Kremlin, on which the moving words are inscribed: "Eternal glory to the soldiers, sergeants and officers of the Moscow Kremlin garrison who died defending Moscow and the Moscow Kremlin from Nazi air raids in the years of the Great Patriotic War."

Memorial "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier"

In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who died a heroic death while defending the Soviet capital, were buried at the ancient Kremlin wall, in the Alexander Garden. Prior to that, the hero's ashes rested 40 kilometers from Moscow along the Leningradskoe highway - at the turn where fierce battles took place in the fall of 1941. By accepting the remains of the hero into its sacred land, Moscow thereby perpetuated the memory of all who gave their lives for the freedom of the Fatherland.

The monument is a monumental architectural ensemble (authors - architects D. Burdin, V. Klimov, and Y. Rabaev). Above the burial place of the Unknown Soldier, there is a large platform in the center. Above it is a tombstone with five steps of red granite. Exciting words are inscribed on the slab: "Your name is not known, your deed is immortal." A bronze lamp in the form of a five-pointed star is mounted at the base of the platform. The fire of Eternal Glory burns in its center.

To the left of the grave is a granite pylon with an inscription on it: "1941 to those who fell for their Motherland, 1945". On the right is a row of memorial blocks. Capsules with the sacred ground of the hero cities are installed under their slabs. Here is the land from the Piskarevsky cemetery, where the defenders of Leningrad, who defended the city during the blockade, are buried; from the mass graves of Kiev and Mamayev Kurgan, where the battles of the great battle on the Volga were fought. Here is the land from the Malakhov Kurgan, from the "Belt of Glory" of Odessa and the land taken at the gates of the Brest Fortress. The other three memorial blocks perpetuate the memory of Minsk, Kerch, and Novorossiysk. The tenth memorial block is dedicated to the hero-city of Tula. This entire memorial row is made of dark red porphyry. The soldier's tombstone forever covered the battle red banner, cast from ageless copper. A soldier's helmet and a laurel branch are made of the same metal - a symbol of the people's honor to the hero. At the Eternal Flame, blazing in the very center of Moscow, the words shine: Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Brest Fortress. Behind each of these names is boundless devotion to the Motherland, boundless stamina and heroism.

Poklonnaya mountain

Poklonnaya Gora is the most significant monument built in honor of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The grand opening in Moscow of the Victory Memorial took place on May 9, 1995. On February 23, 1958, a memorial granite sign was erected on Poklonnaya Hill with the inscription: “A monument to the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War will be erected here.” Soldiers marched past him in a ceremonial march. Trees were planted around, a park was laid, which was named after Victory. In the 70s and 80s, 194 million rubles were collected from subbotniks and personal contributions from citizens. The entire complex was allocated a plot of land of 135 hectares.

A lot of work began on the design, discussion and selection of the best project for the main monument of freedom. At that time, however, the issue remained unresolved, since none of those submitted to the competition were accepted. Everything remained unchanged until the general management of the construction of the Memorial was taken over by Moscow Mayor Yu.M. Luzhkov. And the construction, which threatened to fail, was completed in three years.

The Memorial includes: the main Victory Monument (designed by Z. Tsereteli) 142 meters high; Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 an area of ​​33992 sq.m with an adjoining art gallery of 3550 sq.m; Victory Park, stretching over 135 hectares; Church of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious, consecrated on May 6, 1995 (architect A. Polyansky, decoration Z. Tsereteli); open-air exhibitions - military equipment and weapons, military equipment of the Navy, railway troops, engineering structures; administrative buildings of the museum, storage with a restoration workshop, etc. Monuments to the Defenders of the Russian Land (sculptor A. Bichugov), to All the Fallen (sculptor V. Znoba) and a memorial sign “A monument to the fallen defenders of Moscow will be erected here” are installed in the Victory Park.

Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 located in the very center of Victory Park. The entrance hall of the museum is decorated with a marble staircase, at the end of which are placed the Shield and the Sword of Victory made by Zlatoust masters. There are also busts of Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov; Generalissimo A.V. Suvorov, Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov.

The memorial part of the museum is the Hall of Glory, 25 meters high and 50 meters in diameter. On the marble walls of this hall are the surnames, names and patronymics of the Heroes of the Soviet Union, who were awarded this title for their exploits during the Great Patriotic War. In the center of the hall there is a sculpture “Soldier of Victory”, 10 meters high. The author of this sculpture is V.I. Fever. Under the dome of the hall there are bas-reliefs of the hero cities, above the wreath of glory. The vault of the dome is crowned with the Order of Victory.

In three exposition halls of the guards, a military-historical exposition with relics of the war years is deployed. A deep impression is left by the Hall of Memory with the sculpture “Grieving Mother” (sculptor L. Kerbel). The memory books contain the names of those killed in the Great Patriotic War. On the outside of the Hall of Memory there are numbers and honorary names of military units of the Red Army.

Around the Hall of Memory there are 6 dioramas of major battles: “The Soviet counteroffensive near Moscow in December 1941”, “Combination of the fronts. Stalingrad ”,“ Blockade of Leningrad ”,“ Kursk Bulge ”,“ Crossing the Dnieper. 1943 ”,“ Storming Berlin ”. Dioramas made by the masters of battle painting of the studio named after M. B. Grekov, occupy an area of ​​1500 sq. M.

The author of the diorama "Counteroffensive of Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941" Evgeny Mikhailovich Danilevsky based the plot on the events of November-December 1941 in the north-west of Moscow in the Yakhroma region and associated with the beginning of the defeat of the Nazi troops. The enemy wanted to deliver the main blow to Moscow through Dmitrov along the eastern bank of the Moscow-Volga canal. The main forces of the enemy were concentrated here: one tank, one infantry, one motorized division. The result of this battle was a serious defeat for the "Center" grouping. The front line moved 100-170 km west of Moscow. This was the first victory of our troops.

The rich archive of film and photo documents allows you to show the museum visitors the everyday life of the war literally day after day. The series of newsreels about military operations on the fronts and the life of the rear, which is demonstrated in the museum, is called “The Day of War”.

Based on unique materials, the guides of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War tell visitors about the work of home front workers during the war, about the anti-Hitler coalition, about the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in defeating the enemy, about famous battles and battles, about famous generals and commanders, about soldiers and sailors, whose feat of arms led to the surrender of Nazi Germany on May 8, 1945, to the Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square on June 24, 1945 and the end of the Second World War.

Monument to the Defenders of Moscow (Leningradskoe highway 40th kilometer)

The 40th kilometer of the Leningradskoye Highway ... The city of Zelenograd is one of the new and most beautiful districts of Moscow. It is freely spread out in a forest near Moscow near the Kryukovo station. Here in November-December 1941. The defenders of the Motherland stood to death. From here they began their victorious path to the west. In the history of the great battle for Moscow, the battle at Kryukovo is one of its brightest pages. At the end of November 1941. two groups of German fascist forces broke through into this area, one earlier operating in the Volokolamsk and the other in the Klin directions. The enemy strove to break open the defenses of our troops on the move and break through to the capital. The soldiers of the 8th Guards named after I.V. Panfilov Infantry Division, Second Guards Cavalry Corps, General L.M. Dovator and the first guards tank brigade of General M.E. Katukova. Desperately, despising death, they fought for every street, for every house. Our soldiers retreated only on the night of December 3. They understood that Kryukovo had become a stronghold of the enemy, who had wedged themselves into our defenses near Moscow. To knock him out of these positions is a task of paramount importance. On the 4th - 6th of January, units of the 44th cavalry and 8th guards divisions together with the 1st tank brigade inflicted strikes on the enemy entrenched in Kryukovo. The Nazis stubbornly resisted, did everything to hold back the onslaught of our troops. In these battles, our soldiers performed feats of unfading glory. On December 6 alone, 200 enemy soldiers and officers were killed. As a result of heavy fighting, the enemy was broken and on December 8, he fled from Kryukovo in panic. Thousands of soldiers and officers died, at the cost of their lives, throwing the enemy away from Moscow.

June 24, 1974 the opening of a monument to the defenders of Moscow, created by the architects I. Pokrovsky, Y. Sverdlovsky and A. Shteiman. At the grand opening there were those who walked the roads of the war to Berlin and those who, remaining in the rear, forged formidable weapons, and those who, having been born after the war, never heard the thunder of cannons.

On the Hill of Glory, which forever covered the ashes of the heroes, stands a forty-meter obelisk in the shape of a triangular bayonet. The contours of a five-pointed star are embossed on it. At an angle to the obelisk stands a monumental stele with a bas-relief of a warrior. A heavy helmet shadows his eyes, gazing sternly out of the stone. A laurel branch is carved on one of the blocks. Nearby are the words: “1941. Here the defenders of Moscow, who died in the battle for their Motherland, remained forever immortal. "

At the foot of the hill, on a black marble slab, is a bronze bowl. On its inner side there is a red copper ornament - an oak branch - a symbol of eternal life. On the bowl there is an inscription: “The Motherland-Mother will never forget its sons”.

Monument to the Moscow heroes of the militia.

In the terrible time of danger hanging over the Motherland, hundreds of thousands of Moscow workers joined the people's militia. In the first days of the war alone, Muscovites filed 167,470 applications. Within four days, 12 divisions of the people's militia were created in Moscow. It was envisaged that they would carry the defense on the near approaches to the capital. But the situation at the front developed in such a way that in mid-July all the militia divisions advanced to the distant approaches, occupying the second line of defense on the line: Lake Seliger - Rzhev - Vyazma - Dorogobuzh - Lyudinovo. In September 1941. Moscow divisions of the people's militia were included in the regular formations. The Moscow people's militia carried its battle flags high, sacredly keeping the glorious military traditions of Muscovites. For courage and fortitude shown in battles with the enemy, three divisions - the Leningrad, Kiev and Kuibyshev districts of Moscow were awarded the high rank of guards. The Union of Artists presented the workers of the Voroshilovskiy District with a sculptural composition that immortalized the feat of the militia in bronze. It was installed on the street of the People's Militia on May 8, 1974. Sculptor O. Kiryukhin. A memorial plaque was unveiled on one of the residential buildings. On it are inscribed in gold the words:

Street of the People's Militia was named in 1964. in honor of the 1941 formed in Moscow. divisions of the people's militia that fought for the freedom and independence of our Motherland and took part in the defeat of the fascist hordes near Moscow.

Mikhailova street

Evgeny Vitalievich Mikhailov belongs to the number of glorious pilots who repeated the feat of Nikolai Gastetello.

A monument to him was erected on the street named after him (sculptor G. Shakirov). The face of a young man in a flight helmet, as it were, protrudes from a steel stele, symbolizing the wing of an airplane.

In March 1944. on his combat account there were 83 sorties and 5 downed enemy aircraft. He was twice awarded military orders, the front-line newspapers wrote about him. March 17, 1944 Evgeny Mikhailov, having completed the task, sent his plane to the base. Fascist anti-aircraft gunners were beating from the ground. The gas tank was hit by a shrapnel, flames flashed on the wing. It was possible to jump out with a parachute, but there are enemies on the ground. The brave falcon preferred death to captivity. But he wanted this death to cost the Nazis dearly. And the pilot directed the burning plane to the train with fuel, which was standing on the tracks of the railway station ...

October 26, 1944 Evgeny Vitalievich Mikhailov was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

There is a memorial plaque in the lobby of the Moscow school where the hero studied. At the site of Mikhailov's death, a bronze bust of the hero is installed on a high marble pedestal.

Rogachevsky lane

December 1, 1941 at the fork in the Rogachev highway near the village of Kiovo, the last attempt of the German fascist troops to break through our defenses failed. The positions there were held by the gunners of the 13th battery of the 864th anti-aircraft regiment. Two 85-mm guns of this battery, located on the sides of the Rogachev highway, in a fierce and bloody battle, one after another, repelled the attacks of the Nazis, destroying 6 tanks and hundreds of fascists. On December 2, the last counterstrike was struck. As a result, the enemy's attempt to break through to Moscow along the Rogachev highway was thwarted. In memory of the battles on the Rogachev highway, one of the Moscow lanes, located in the Timiryazevsky district, got its name. At the fork of Rogachevskoe and Krasnopolyanskoe highways, a memorial was erected - an anti-aircraft gun on a concrete pedestal.

Monument to the soldiers of the 3rd shock army. Silver Forest. Tamanskaya street.

April 27, 1975 in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the people's victory over fascist Germany in Serebryany Bor, one of the picturesque districts of Moscow, a grand opening of a monument dedicated to the soldiers of the 3rd shock army took place. It is a large rectangular stele created by the project of the artist - Muscovite A.A. Andreeva. The facade of the monument is a giant five-pointed star made of steel. Beneath a color photograph of the fascist Reichstag ablaze in flames, a red stripe skillfully set into concrete marks the battle path of this illustrious army.

The caption reads:

Here in Serebryany Bor in December 1941. the headquarters of the 3rd Shock Army was located, whose troops took part in the defeat of the enemy near Moscow, liberated the cities and towns of the Kalinin and Pskov regions, Soviet Latvia and Poland. In 1945. stormed Berlin and hoisted the banner of victory over the Reichstag.

Compressor plant Memorial plaque, monument.

The Moscow plant "Compressor" became the first enterprise in the country to set up serial production of the famous rocket launchers - "Katyusha". This task was set before the management of the plant at the end of June 1941. The workers of the plant showed genuine labor heroism, and in August the first BM-13 units were presented for testing.

The gunners who were present at them were delighted with the action of this formidable weapon. By the beginning of December 1941. the three fronts, which launched a counteroffensive, already had 415 rocket artillery installations. On the territory of the plant, as a monument to the labor glory of the workers, it stands on a granite pedestal "Katyusha", and a memorial plaque is installed on the facade of the building. On marble, the words burn in gold:

Here in the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The workers of the Kompressor plant forged a formidable weapon for the enemy: rocket mortars, the famous Katyushas.

Yablochkova street. Square, a monument-monument.

The burning tank rushed forward, through the hurricane fire of enemy artillery, through a minefield, on which several tanks had already been blown up. Only a few meters remained until the end when a mine exploded under the track. Dare overtook the heroic crew, but a passage in the minefield was made, and our tanks rushed into it. This feat at the walls of the old Russian city of Kozelsk was performed by tankmen of one of the units of the 3rd Tank Army. This army was formed in 1942. mainly from volunteers - Muscovites and Tula and became the first large tank formation. Now, in a small square on Yablochkov Street in Moscow, there is a monument-monument crowned with a battle tower of the famous T-34. The words carved into the granite indicate that the monument was erected in honor of the soldiers by the 3rd Guards Tank Army.

Memorial plaques on the buildings of former hospitals.

On a number of buildings of the medical service, located in different districts of Moscow, memorial plaques have been installed, which have almost the same content:

In this building from the first days of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. housed a hospital for wounded soldiers of the Soviet army.

Such boards are on the buildings: hospitals named after S.P. Botkin, the 6th city hospital, the Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine, the 1st city hospital. Behind the humble words of the text of the commemorative plaques is the selfless work of hundreds of Moscow medical workers. At the end of 1941. in Moscow and the region, there were over 200 hospitals in which tens of thousands of wounded were treated. Medicine won a huge victory in the Great Patriotic War. She returned to the ranks 72% of the wounded and sick soldiers. In honor of the glorious patriotic doctors in Moscow, near the building of the 1st Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov, a monument was erected (sculptor L. Kerbel).

French military mission building

On the Kropotkinskaya embankment, there is a two-story building with a figured roof, decorated in the Old Russian style. During the Second World War, a French military mission was located here. In May 1956. a solemn ceremony was held to unveil a memorial plaque on the mission building in memory of the French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen regiment. An inscription in French and Russian is carved on the board:

In memory of the French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen regiment, who fell during the Second World War, fighting side by side with the soldiers of the Soviet Army.

The following are the names of forty-two French pilots. The combat path of the regiment passed from the Moscow region to East Prussia. Its pilots flew 5300 sorties, conducted 869 air battles, shot down 268 aircraft and destroyed a significant amount of Nazi manpower and equipment on the ground.

Monument to G.K. Zhukov

Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov made a huge contribution to the victory of our country over Nazi Germany. Thanks to his skillful actions, the Nazis were defeated.

To mark the fiftieth anniversary of the victory, a monument to this talented commander was erected on Manezhnaya Square. G.K. Zhukov is depicted on horseback.

Conclusion

On the night of May 1, 1945. after an almost four-year hiatus, in Moscow, as well as throughout the country, the blackout was removed, the street lights re-lit and the Kremlin's ruby ​​stars flashed. The light over Moscow foreshadowed the last hour of the war.

Late in the evening on May 8, 1945. the solemn voice of the announcer sounded, announcing the unconditional surrender of Germany. May 9, 1945 was declared Victory Day. On this day, Moscow saluted twice: at 20.00 - in honor of the liberation of the capital of Czechoslovakia, Prague, and at 22.00 - in commemoration of the complete victory over Germany.

For military exploits on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, more than 800 Muscovites received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

And on June 24, 1945. on Red Square, a Victory Parade was held, in which consolidated regiments of ten fronts, made up of the most distinguished soldiers - heroes of battles - took part. After a solemn march, 200 soldiers, accompanied by drums, threw 200 banners of the defeated fascist army captured in battles at the foot of Lenin's Mausoleum.

Valiant warriors and tireless workers - they brought Moscow and the Motherland deserved glory. On the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany, Moscow was awarded the honorary title of Hero City.

Luka Voino-Yasentsky June 11 - the day of commemoration of Archbishop Luke. The bishop professor is almost our contemporary - he lived under the Soviet regime for more than forty years; Several generations of Soviet surgeons studied from his books. He read lectures to students, delivered reports at scientific congresses and conferences and sermons in temples. He was well known by the wounded in military hospitals and exiles who were exiled in Arkhangelsk and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Children of War In Krasnoyarsk, in a public garden at the intersection of Mira Avenue and Parizhskaya Komuna Street, there is a monument to the Children of War. The authors of the monument are the sculptor Konstantin Zenich and the architect Andrei Kasatkin. The monument is dedicated to that stratum of the population, which was the hardest to survive the war. Those children who, during the war, died of hunger, cold, from an enemy shell.

Obelisk May 9, 1970 - on the day of the 25th anniversary of the Great Victory over Nazi Germany, in the place where the 78th Volunteer Krasnoyarsk brigade and other military units were formed, an obelisk was opened. Its height is 12 meters, width is 1.5 meters. One of the first, on the sixth day of the war, left the 119th rifle division. It was a pre-war personnel division formed in 1939, which was formed by Major General Alexander Berezin. In the battles of 1942, he died tragically. In August-September 1943, together with other formations of the 39th army of the Kalinin Front, fought stubborn battles for the capture of the cities of Dukhovshchina and Relatives, for the liberation of these cities, the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Battle. On August 24, the brigade received number "78" and began combat training, which took place in the Green Grove. The brigade's headquarters was in a tent, where the school number 85 now stands. In mid-October 1942, the 78th brigade arrived at the Kalinin front, here it secretly built a 150-kilometer winter road to the front edge of the German defenses and launched a swift offensive. In addition to the division, artillery regiments were formed in Krasnoyarsk. As part of the 24 army, the 392 Krasnoyarsk cannon regiment took part in the battles for Moscow. For successful operations near Smolensk they were awarded the title "Smolensk", and for the battles near Eitkusanin on November 14, 1944, he was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky. Green Grove is the place where these famous compounds were formed. The village got its name from the grove planted on the banks of the Yenisei by the soldiers of the 119th Krasnoyarsk division.

Victory Memorial The Victory Memorial Museum was built in 1975 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Fatherland. At the moment, the museum has three halls: a Hall of Memory, an exhibition hall and a guest hall. The Victory Memorial Museum stands out from a number of museums in the city of Krasnoyarsk. This is not even a museum, but a cult place, where admission remains free to this day. Every year, on Victory Day, thousands of Krasnoyarsk residents come here to honor the memory of all the fallen soldiers. Today the Victory Memorial Museum is a temple in memory of the days of the war.

Sacred Fire In 1970, marble slabs were laid on their graves with the names and military ranks of the buried soldiers. An alley was broken in front of the graves and a monument was erected. Five years later, a memorial complex was created at this place, which consists of a number of tombstones on which helmets are laid; on one side of the row - examples of combat, on the other - the Eternal Flame of Glory.

Union of the Front and Rear The Monument of the Union of the Front and Rear Erected for the 60th anniversary of the victory shows how the workers of factories helped the soldiers of Russia, created military equipment, weapons, uniforms. Without a rear, Russia could have lost!

Stele "Cranes" The monument to those who died during the Great Patriotic War was erected on the 60th anniversary of the victory

Monument to the Soldiers Monument to the soldiers who took part in the Great Patriotic War each soldier was dear a lot did not return many were missing but many soldiers returned with a victory for the whole of Russia

Military equipment The military equipment of the war years reminds of combat battles - tanks, a howitzer, cannons, a mortar.

Monument to Alexander Matrosov A monument to the Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Matrosov was unveiled in Krasnoyarsk. The monument was erected on a street named after the hero. On the territory of Russia there is only one more similar one - in Ufa, from where Alexander Matrosov was called up to the front. It is believed that he was the first to accomplish the feat of "kamikaze" - he closed the embrasure of the German bunker with his body.

a monument to the soldiers-athletes of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, participants of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. On May 9, 1995, on the initiative of sports veterans and with the support of the regional administration, the regional sports committee on the island of Rest, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Victory, erected a monument to the soldiers-athletes of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, participants of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. By tradition, every year, on the eve of May 9, a rally is held at the monument dedicated to this great Day. The rally is attended by sports veterans, athletes participating in the Great Patriotic War, athletes, coaches, the sports community, as well as residents of our city. In the battle for the Motherland on the war fronts and in the rear, examples of patriotism, courage and endurance have always been shown by Siberian athletes and athletes.

Literature: Nigma.ru Liveinternet.ru region.krasu.ru newslab.ru kultura.admkrsk.ru Sobranie.ru

Memorial of Glory.
(Orsk)
The Glory Memorial is located in the Leninsky District on Victory Square near Prospect Mira.
Opened May 9, 1965. In 1967, the Eternal Flame was lit. The memorial was erected on the mass grave of the Soviet Army soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War in Orsk hospitals (1941-1945). On April 27, 1965, the remains of 216 soldiers were reburied from the closed city cemetery at the site of the future memorial in 12 urns. Initially, a block of unpolished Orsk variegated jasper and a bronze plaque was erected, on which a monument to a Soviet soldier was depicted in relief in Berlin's Treptower Park. A bowl with an Eternal Flame was set in front of the stone. The entire structure was located on a concrete pedestal. The authors of the monument are Orsk architects E.Ya. Markov, B.G. Zavodovsky, A.N. Silin. In 1975 the monument was reconstructed: the mass grave was faced with polished red Orsk jasper.
In its center is the Eternal Flame, over which a bronze wreath of Glory hangs. Behind the grave there is a wall of black stone with an inscription "Motherland! The Russian land, irrigated with the blood of its soldiers, honors their memory forever"... They were eating behind the wall. Authors - Orsk architects P.P. Priymak, G.I. Sokolov, V.N. Yakimov. During the reconstruction of the memorial in 1988, the lining of the military grave was replaced with a green-black coil, marble slabs with the names of soldiers who died in Orsk hospitals, Orcs who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, as well as those who died in Afghanistan, were installed along the perimeter of the memorial.
The black stone inscription has been transferred to white marble slabs in the center of the memorial.
In 1995, additional memorial pylons were installed with the names of the Orcs who died in 1941-1945, in the Afghan war of 1979-1989, in the hot spots of Russia (North Caucasus) in the 1990s.
In April - August 2000, the park of Glory was reconstructed, a second line of pylons was installed, where more than 8000 names of the Orcs who died in hostilities were added. The main part of the memorial complex is equipped with lawns, flower beds and plantings of deciduous and coniferous trees.
On May 8, 2008, on the eve of Victory Day, the Alley of Heroes was opened on the territory of the Glory Square. The memorial is changing its appearance for the fourth time, it is getting better and more significant.
The idea of ​​this project appeared in the eighties of the last century. Then, taking into account the wishes of the war veterans, the chief artist of Orsk P. Priymak worked on a project for the reconstruction of the park and planned to open the Alley of Heroes. But nine bronze busts of Heroes of the Soviet Union and two Heroes of Russia were installed only now, thanks to the decision of the current head of the city.
Preparations for the implementation of the alley project began in 2008, when the necessary photographic materials were sent to Chelyabinsk. The busts of the Orchan-heroes were sculpted by a creative group of Chelyabinsk sculptors under the leadership of the chairman of the Chelyabinsk branch of the Union of Artists of Russia E. Vargota. The professionals managed to convey not only the external similarity of the defenders of the Motherland, but also their character. As the sculptors themselves assure, the images were created based on the personal history of each hero. Bronze busts weighing about 2 tons each were installed on granite pedestals by specialists from MUP "Requiem".
On the pylons, erected on both sides of the alley, are placed the names of the heroes of the Orsk land, who won the Victory and defended the freedom of not only Russians, but also other peoples.

Literature

1. Memorial of Glory // Orsk City Encyclopedia. - Orenburg, 2007 .-- S. 219.
2. Post number 1 // Orsk city encyclopedia. - Orenburg, 2007 .-- S. 234 - 235.
3. Memorial of Glory: photograph // Orsk: photo album. - M. 1995 .-- S. 87.
4. Ivanov, A. The Hero's bust has replenished the Walk of Fame / A. Ivanov // Orsk newspaper. - 2008 .-- September 5. - S. 2.
5. Svetushkova, L. "Heritage" - to the city / L. Svetushkova // Orsk Chronicle. - 2008 .-- September 5. - S. 2.
6. Goncharenko, V. Ten busts of the Heroes of the War are installed on the columns / V. Goncharenko // Orsk Chronicle. - 2008 .-- April 22. - S. 1, 2.
7. Rezepkina, N. It is necessary for the living / N. Rezepkina // New Vedomosti. - 2007 .-- May 9. - S. 3.
8. Efimova, T. without the past there is no future / T. Efimova // Orsk Chronicle. - 2000 .-- August 31. - S. 2.
9. Karandeev, A. Flowers to the renovated memorial were laid by the Orcs / A. Karandeev // Orsk Chronicle. - 2000 .-- May 13. - S. 2.

The Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (1945), and the official name is just that, is the most important holiday for all residents of our country. The significance of this day for all of us and future generations can hardly be overestimated. The little that we can do for those who gave their lives for the sake of our future is to cherish the memory of those who died for the Motherland, not to forget ourselves and tell children about these sad pages in the history of the 20th century. This goal - to perpetuate the memory of the fallen - is served by museums and monuments, of which there are many in Russia and abroad.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Alexander Garden

The Eternal Flame burns here and is on duty every day. During official events, the heads of state lay wreaths at the memorial, and the rest of the time flowers are brought by the newlyweds, who traditionally come here on their wedding day.

The central element of the memorial ensemble near the walls of the Moscow Kremlin is a niche with the inscription "Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal", in the center of which the Eternal Flame of Glory burns. Behind the niche is a tombstone with a bronze composition - a soldier's helmet and a laurel branch, lying on a battle banner. To the left of the grave - a wall of crimson quartzite with the inscription: "1941 For the fallen for the Motherland, 1945"; on the right - a granite alley with blocks of dark red porphyry. Each block bears the name of the hero-city and the engraved image of the Gold Star medal. The blocks contain capsules with the land of the hero cities. Further, there is a stele made of red granite in honor of the cities of military glory, about 10 meters long.

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Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill

In honor of the 50th anniversary of the Great Victory, a large memorial complex was opened in the west of Moscow on an area of ​​135 hectares. The park itself was founded back in 1958, but the architectural ensemble was erected only in 1995. A wide alley "Years of War" stretched from the entrance, decorated with five water cascades with 1418 fountains, according to the number of days that the war went on. In front of the building of the Central Museum of the Second World War, there is a Victory Monument - an obelisk 141.8 meters high, at the foot of which there is a statue of St. George the Victorious, who plunges a spear into the body of a snake symbolizing fascism. The open-air exhibition of military equipment and weapons is of constant interest among visitors to the park. The park with neat paths, alleys and flower beds has become a favorite walking place for Muscovites and guests of the capital.

Motherland

Monuments to war heroes are perhaps the only case when monumentality is justified. One of the tallest monuments in the world - the main element of the ensemble "To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" on the Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd - the sculpture "The Motherland Calls!" The figure of a woman who raised her sword and took a step forward symbolizes the Motherland calling her sons to fight the enemy. The remains of 34,505 soldiers - defenders of Stalingrad were reburied on the hill. There are 200 granite steps from the foot of the mound to its top - that is how many days the Battle of Stalingrad lasted.

Mamaev Kurgan in Volgograd

Kursk Bulge

From July 5 to August 23, 1943, one of the most important battles of the Great Patriotic War lasted - the Battle of the Kursk Bulge. The result of this bloody and intense battle was the transfer of the strategic initiative to the Red Army. A memorial complex near the villages of Yakovlevo and Pokrovka serves as a reminder of the 250 thousand lives that sacrificed themselves. The 44-meter arched stele with reliefs symbolizes the front line; a T-34 tank is installed in front of it on a pedestal made of pink granite. The Arc de Triomphe, crowned with a statue of St. George the Victorious, rises 24 meters above the ground. The remains of unknown warriors rest on both sides of the Eternal Flame.

Outside Russia

In the German capital, memorials have been erected in the Tiergarten, Schönholzer Heid and Treptow parks in memory of the Soviet soldiers who died in the Berlin battle. There are sculptures of Soviet soldiers-liberators in Bulgaria, Slovenia, and Ukraine. A granite stele to the participants of the Second World War from the countries of the former USSR was installed in Los Angeles. The Brest Fortress has been open to the public since 1971 and tells about the heroic defense of the fort - one of the first battles for the USSR. The tragic story of the mass destruction of civilians is told by the museum in Auschwitz. Among the millions of victims of this death camp were 100,000 Russian people.

Parade

Commemorative events will be held on May 9 in all cities of Russia, and in the capital, the central place of celebration will, of course, be Red Square. A solemn review of troops and military equipment will take place on the main square of the country. Since 1996, the parade in honor of May 9 has been held here annually, and on June 24, 1945, columns of the first Victory Parade marched across Red Square and 200 banners and standards of the defeated Nazi divisions were dragged along the cobblestones and thrown to the foot of the Mausoleum.

To remember the feat of the Soviet people, who did not spare themselves in this bloody war, of course, it is not at all necessary to go somewhere. The main place of memory is our hearts. Eternal glory to the winners!

Happy Victory Day!

Markovskaya Evgeniya, grade 5, Nereiko Ruslan, grade 5, Aleksey Panov, grade 5, Daniil Popov, grade 5

Recently, we often hear how Victory memorials are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find, learn more about the history of the monuments, to whom and for what feats were installed. Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield, in the rear brought the great Victory Day closer. The only thing our generation can do is to look after the monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to descendants.

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THEME OF DESIGN WORK

"MONUMENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR"

Compiled by: Markovskaya Evgeniya, grade 5

Nereiko Ruslan, grade 5

Panov Alexey, grade 5

Popov Daniil, grade 5

Pushkar Danil, class 5

Scientific adviser: Subbotina Svetlana Yurievna,

Deputy Director for OIA,

MBOU SOSH s. Hot Keys.

With. Hot Keys, 2015

Introduction 3

1. Monuments of the Second World War 4

Conclusion 12

Literature 13

Appendix 14

Maintaining

This year we are celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Victory. Our people really won the most brutal war of the twentieth century, saved our country, saved Europe from fascism and gave all of us a future.

Recently, we often hear how Victory memorials are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find, learn more about the history of the monuments, to whom and for what deeds were installed.

Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield, in the rear was bringing closer the great Victory Day. The only thing our generation can do is to look after the monuments. At least three times a year (June 22, February 23, May 9) bring flowers to the foot of the monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to descendants.

Purpose of work: to collect information about monuments

Tasks:

Find out if monuments to war heroes are necessary.

Find out to whom and where the monuments are erected.

Hypothesis -

we assume that in our country there are monuments dedicated to the war of 1941-1945, almost in every city, even in villages and towns. The task of our generation is to know the feat of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, to remember and be proud of them.

Methods:

Working with books and searching for information on the Internet;

The fiery forties. The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will never be erased in the memory of the people. The working people of the hero-city of Moscow have written a bright page in the history of the war. Moscow was for them the personification of the will to win, the personification of heroism, fortitude and courage. In bronze, granite and marble of obelisks, sculptures, memorial plaques, and the names of streets and squares, Moscow has immortalized the memory of glorious warriors.

1. Memorial "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier"

In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who died a heroic death while defending the Soviet capital, were buried at the ancient Kremlin wall, in the Alexander Garden. Prior to that, the ashes of the hero rested 40 kilometers from Moscow along the Leningradskoe highway - at the turn where in the fall of 1941. there were fierce battles. By accepting the remains of the hero into its sacred land, Moscow thereby perpetuated the memory of all who gave their lives for the freedom of the Fatherland.

The monument is a monumental architectural ensemble (authors - architects D. Burdin, V. Klimov, and Y. Rabaev). Above the burial place of the Unknown Soldier, there is a large platform in the center. Above it is a tombstone with five steps of red granite. Exciting words are inscribed on the slab: "Your name is not known, your deed is immortal." A bronze lamp in the form of a five-pointed star is mounted at the base of the platform. The fire of Eternal Glory burns in its center.

To the left of the grave is a granite pylon with an inscription on it: "1941 to those who fell for their Motherland, 1945". On the right is a row of memorial blocks. Capsules with the sacred ground of the hero cities are installed under their slabs.

Here is the land from the Piskarevsky cemetery, where the defenders of Leningrad, who defended the city during the blockade, are buried; from the mass graves of Kiev and Mamayev Kurgan, where the battles of the great battle on the Volga were fought. Here is the land from the Malakhov Kurgan, from the "Belt of Glory" of Odessa and the land taken at the gates of the Brest Fortress. The other three memorial blocks perpetuate the memory of Minsk, Kerch, and Novorossiysk. The tenth memorial block is dedicated to the hero-city of Tula. This entire memorial row is made of dark red porphyry. The soldier's tombstone forever covered the battle red banner, cast from ageless copper. A soldier's helmet and a laurel branch are made of the same metal - a symbol of the people's honor to the hero. At the Eternal Flame, blazing in the very center of Moscow, the words shine: Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Brest Fortress. Behind each of these names is boundless devotion to the Motherland, boundless stamina and heroism.

2. In memory of the Leningrad children who died at the Lychkovo station

In the small village of Lychkovo, Novgorod Region, there is an unnamed mass grave of the Great Patriotic War, one of many in Russia. One of the most tragic and sad. Because this is a children's grave ...

In July 1941, at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the evacuation of civilians began from Leningrad. First of all, children were sent to the rear. It was impossible then to foresee the course of hostilities ... Children were taken out of Leningrad in order to save them, away from death and suffering. But as it turned out, they were being taken directly to meet the war. At the Lychkovo station, fascist planes bombed a train of 12 cars. In the summer of 1941, hundreds of innocent babies died.

The death toll of little Leningraders is still unknown. Fate smiled at only a few. The rest after the bombing, local residents collected in fragments. Since then, a grave has appeared at the civil cemetery in Lychkovo. The grave in which the ashes of innocent children are buried.

The sculpture consists of several parts. On a granite slab is a bronze-cast flame of an explosion that tossed a child into the air. At the foot of the slab are the toys he dropped. The author of the monument, for the construction of which the Lychkovsky House of Veterans from all over Russia received more than half a million rubles, was a Moscow sculptor, People's Artist of Russia Alexander Burganov. The height of the sculptural composition is about three meters.

It was a terrible tragedy. But the post-war unconsciousness is even more terrible: the Lychkov events were simply forgotten. Only a modest mass grave with the inscription “Leningrad children” reminded of them. The grave was looked after for almost 60 years by local women who witnessed the bloody bombing.

In 2003, a small monument was erected at the burial site - a bronze sculpture, which always has fresh flowers.

On May 4, 2005, on the eve of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the Great Victory in the village of Lychkovo, a solemn opening ceremony of the memorial "Children who died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" took place.

The monument was erected on the station square, not far from the site of the tragedy. Trains will pass by the monument every day, and children's voices will always be heard through the noise of the wheels. The memory of the terrible tragedy that took the lives of children will always be alive here.

Poet A. Molchanov wrote a poem "In memory of the Leningrad children who died at the Lychkovo station", it contains the following words:

How can you forget

As children in parts

Collected,

So that in a mass grave,

Like fallen soldiers

Bury? ..

3. Monument to children - a victim of concentration camps.

A monument to children who died in Nazi concentration camps is erected near the Makhovaya Tower in the city of Smolensk. Author - Alexander Parfenov. A monument in the shape of a fluffy dandelion, made up of figures of children, and the names of concentration camps are written on the leaves of the flower: Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald.

4. "Flower of Life"

In 1968, Tanya Savicheva's diary was immortalized in stone, being an integral part of the Flower of Life memorial complex on Poklonnaya Gora, dedicated to all the children who died in the blockade ring.

5. In memory of tens of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war

In the city of Vyazma, on the eve of the Day of Remembrance and Mourning, a memorial was opened in memory of tens of thousands of those who died in the defense of Moscow. It was installed on the site of the mass graves of the victims of the German transit camp "Dulag-184". In March of this year, the Russian Military Historical Society took control of the situation with ownerless burials on the territory of the former camp "Dulag-184", responding to an appeal by the public organization "Vyazemsky Memorial". The organization, which is engaged in the restoration of the memory of the victims of the German transit camp, includes relatives of the prisoners of the camp, search engines, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, historians, public figures, volunteers.

45 burial ditches 100 meters long and four wide with the remains of prisoners of war remained after the Nazi occupation of Vyazma (October 1941 - March 12, 1943) at the intersection of Repin and Kronstadtskaya streets. Here, in the building of the present Vyazemsky meat-packing plant - then it was an unfinished aircraft plant without a roof, windows and doors, in October 1941 the invaders organized a transit camp "Dulag-184". In the first months of the war, it was surrounded by militias who survived in the "meat grinder" of the Vyazemsky cauldron. Many were brought from the battlefield in serious condition. In the first winter of 1941-1942 alone, up to 70 thousand prisoners died. The dead were dumped into huge ditches. Seventy years later, the mass grave site has become a wasteland. According to the demands of local residents, in the 90s of the last century, a modest stele with a bell was erected on the wasteland in memory of the tragedy that happened here. On the territory of Vyazma there were five "factories of death".

The author of the project of the Vyazemsky monument in memory of the victims of the German transit camp is the People's Artist of Russia, one of the leading sculptors of our country Salavat Shcherbakov. The memorial consists of three concrete steles 3-4 meters high. On the central stele, in a bronze relief, soldiers and civilians who perished here are represented. Behind them - ate and a camp tower. The composition is framed by photographs of people taken from the original photographs of the deceased, given to the sculptor by relatives and search engines. 50 photographs are mounted on the surface of the monument.

Casting for the monument was made in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region, a granite slab was ordered in St. Petersburg, concrete foundations - in Smolensk. The foundation was made in Vyazma, the bronze relief - in Moscow. The total weight of all structural elements is about 20 tons.

Former prisoner Sofia Anvaer recalled: “Through the barbed wire, residents of the city saw our suffering and tried to help. Women and children wrapped in rags came up to the wire and tossed packages with some food. The prisoners rushed to them, a machine gun knocked on the tower. People fell with their hands outstretched to the food. The women on the other side of the fence also fell. It was impossible to help us. Thirst joined the pangs of hunger and cold. It was already impossible to enter the basement, where there was water - the entrance to it was blocked by a mountain of corpses. People drank, straining through a rag, liquid mud from the yard, mixed with thousands of boots. "

6. "People of the world stand up for a minute."

Three black granite slabs are the main components of the complex "People of the world for a moment stand up" installed in Moscow, in memory of prisoners of the Nazi death camps during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. "

The first plate symbolizes juvenile concentration camp prisoners who were tortured there during the war.

The second slab is dedicated to all prisoners - men and women.

The third memorial plaque symbolizes the prisoners - Soviet soldiers and is dedicated to the memory of those killed in the Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Ravensbrück and Auschwitz death camps.

7. "Tragedy of Nations"

In Moscow, on Poklonnaya Hill in 1997, a monument "Tragedy of Nations" was erected, its author is Zurab Tsereteli.

The sculpture reminds of the victims of the fascist genocide.

8. Sculptural composition "Come back with victory!"

On May 8, 2009 at the exhibition complex of the open-air museum "Salute, Victory!" in the park named after Frunze, Orenburg, the opening of a new sculptural

compositions. The sculptural group depicts an Orenburg woman with children mournfully escorting the head of the family to the front, made by the Moscow sculptor Vasily Nikolayev and dedicated to the feat of Orenburg women, workers, mothers in the harsh war years.

9. Sculpture "Motherland"

The sculpture "Motherland" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest sculpture-statue in the world at the time of construction. Its height is 52 meters, the length of the arm is 20 meters and the length of the sword is 33 meters. The total height of the sculpture is 85 meters. The weight of the sculpture is 8 thousand tons, and the weight of the sword is 14 tons. At the moment, the statue is ranked 11th in the list of the tallest statues in the world.

The silhouette of the sculpture "Motherland" was taken as a basis for the development of the coat of arms and flag of the Volgograd region.

At the foot of the Motherland Monument, the commander of the 62nd Army, who distinguished himself in the Battle of Stalingrad, Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov, is buried.

The statue is an allegorical image of the Motherland calling its sons to fight the enemy!

10. Monument to the grieving mother

In Zadonsk there is also a wonderful monument to Mother - Maria Matveevna Frolova, mother of 12 children, who lost everyone at the front.

11. Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and her dead sons.

“At times it seems to me that the soldiers,

From the bloody fields that did not come,

Once upon a time they did not fall into our land,

And they turned into white cranes…. "

Memory cranes can be found more and more often on earth. They set off on an eternal flight from various places in our Motherland.

In the Samara region, the maternal valor of the remarkable Russian woman Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and the feat of arms of her dead sons are immortalized. When the war began, all nine Volodichkin brothers, one after another, left to defend their Fatherland. Already in June-July 1941, they fought on different sectors of the front. Praskovya Eremeevna had to see them off alone, since the head of the family, Pavel Vasilyevich, had died by that time. But with the youngest, Nikolai, the mother did not even say goodbye. He only handed over a short note, rolled up into a tube: “Mom, dear mother. Do not grieve, do not grieve. Do not worry. We're going to the front. We will defeat the fascists and we will all return to you. Wait. Your Kolka. "

But Praskovya Eremeevna did not wait for her sons. No one. Five of them - Nikolai, Andrey, Fedor, Mikhail, Alexander - died in 1941-1943. After the fifth funeral, the mother's heart broke down. The sixth - to Vasily, who died in January 1945, she came to an empty house, to which Peter, Ivan and Konstantin, all wounded in the summer of 1945, returned. But they, one after another, began to die from the numerous wounds received at the front.

And on May 7, 1995, on a steep cliff not far from a house located on a street with the symbolic name Krasnoarmeiskaya, a majestic granite and bronze memorial was erected. Nine bronze cranes rush into the sky from an 11-meter stele. And in front of her stands the sculpture of Praskovya Eremeevna. Ahead is a 7-ton granite monument with the names of all the sons and their mother and the text: “Grateful Russia to the Volodichkin family”.

12. Patriotic mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her dead sons

In 1975, a monument to the patriot mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her dead sons was solemnly opened in Zhodino. The composition of the monument includes two parts: on one pedestal there is a figure of a mother escorting her children to the front, a little ahead - five sons leaving for battle. The younger, a little behind and turning around, as if he wants to say: "Wait for us with victory, mom!"

We must remember that once there was a terrible war, and the Mother lost five of her sons. Victory in this war came at a high cost, and we must all protect the world so that our mothers never mourn for their sons again.

13. Monument to the Mothers of War

In the Leningrad Region, in the village of Bobrovka, Troitsky District, a monument to the Mothers of War was opened

14. "Square of Sorrow" in St. Petersburg

The sculpture of the memorial complex is a sculpture of the mother, located on the "Square of Sorrow". It contains all the pain of mothers who lost their relatives in the war.

15. Monument to the Victory in Penza

One of the main regional monuments dedicated to labor and military exploits in the Great Patriotic War in the city of Penza is the Victory Monument. The memorial, erected on May 9, 1975 in the new microdistrict, which later became the central district of the city, has a height of 5.6 meters and is now part of the architectural composition of Victory Square. The authors of the monument are: the St. Petersburg sculptor who participated in the creation of the monument to the "First Settler", VG Kozenyuk, GD Yastrebenetsky, N.O. Teplov and architect VA Sokhin.

The monument to labor and military Glory is presented in the form of a bronze figure of a woman with a child on her left shoulder and a warrior-defender, holding a rifle with one hand, and protecting his mother with the other. The sculptural composition stands on pedestals of different heights, the highest point of which is a gilded branch in the hands of a child. The monument is located in the very center of five granite flights of stairs, shaped like a five-pointed star, which is continued by five streets: Lunacharsky, Lenin, Karpinsky, Kommunisticheskaya and Pobedy Avenue. In a niche of one of the walls of the ramp, there is a unique Book of Memory about 114 thousand compatriots who died during the Great Patriotic War, whose names were known at the time of the opening of the monument. The Eternal Flame is lit near the monument, lit in Moscow at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and delivered in an army armored car to Penza.

The Victory Monument, opened for the thirtieth anniversary of the Great Victory in Penza, and today serves as a place of service of the guard of honor on May 9, February 23 and on the day of memory and sorrow - June 22.

16. Monument to Misha Panikakhe

The monument to Misha Panikakha was opened in May 1975 in Volgograd. The creators of the monument, the architect Kharitonov and the designer Belousov, depicted Misha at the moment of his heroic throw with a grenade in his hands at the main tank of the Nazis.

17. Monument to Soviet soldiers who died in the battles for the liberation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in 1945.

18. Murmansk memorial "Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War"

It is a huge figure of a soldier standing at the top of one of the Murmansk hills and visible from a great distance. In general, thanks to the song written in 1968, many single monuments began to be called "Alyosha" in the Soviet Union, including those in Murmansk.

19. Monument to the Defenders of Moscow

40th kilometer of the Leningradskoe highway. Zelenograd is one of the newest and most beautiful districts of Moscow. It is freely spread out in a forest near Moscow near the Kryukovo station. Here in November-December 1941. The defenders of the Motherland stood to death. From here they began their victorious path to the west. In the history of the great battle for Moscow, the battle at Kryukovo is one of its brightest pages. The soldiers of the 8th Guards named after I.V. Panfilov Infantry Division, Second Guards Cavalry Corps, General L.M. Dovator and the first guards tank brigade of General M.E. Katukova. Desperately, despising death, they fought for every street, for every house. Our soldiers retreated only on the night of December 3. They understood that Kryukovo had become a stronghold of the enemy, who had wedged themselves into our defenses near Moscow. To knock him out of these positions is a task of paramount importance. On the 4th - 6th of January, units of the 44th cavalry and 8th guards divisions together with the 1st tank brigade inflicted strikes on the enemy entrenched in Kryukovo. The Nazis stubbornly resisted, did everything to hold back the onslaught of our troops. In these battles, our soldiers performed feats of unfading glory. Thousands of soldiers and officers died, at the cost of their lives, throwing the enemy away from Moscow.

June 24, 1974 the opening of a monument to the defenders of Moscow, created by the architects I. Pokrovsky, Y. Sverdlovsky and A. Shteiman. At the grand opening there were those who walked the roads of the war to Berlin and those who, remaining in the rear, forged formidable weapons, and those who, having been born after the war, never heard the thunder of cannons.

On the Hill of Glory, which forever covered the ashes of the heroes, stands a forty-meter obelisk in the shape of a triangular bayonet. The contours of a five-pointed star are embossed on it. At an angle to the obelisk stands a monumental stele with a bas-relief of a warrior. A heavy helmet shadows his eyes, gazing sternly out of the stone. A laurel branch is carved on one of the blocks. Nearby are the words: “1941. Here the defenders of Moscow, who died in the battle for their Motherland, remained forever immortal. "

At the foot of the hill, on a black marble slab, is a bronze bowl. On its inner side there is a red copper ornament - an oak branch - a symbol of eternal life. On the bowl there is an inscription: “The Motherland-Mother will never forget its sons”.

19. Monument to the Defenders of Moscow

On the Leningradskoe highway (23rd kilometer) there is another famous one - a composition of huge anti-tank "Hedgehogs".

20. "Rear-front"

A monument located in the city of Magnitogorsk. Its height is 15 meters. The monument is a two-figure composition of a worker and a warrior. The worker is oriented to the east, towards the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. A warrior to the west, to the side where the enemy was during the Great Patriotic War. It is understood that the sword, forged on the banks of the Urals, was later raised by the Motherland in Stalingrad and lowered after the victory in Berlin. The composition also includes an eternal flame in the form of a granite flower star.

The monument is complemented by two human-height trapeziums, on which the names of Magnitogorsk residents, who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War, are written in bas-relief.

On May 9, 2005, another addition was opened, made in the form of two triangular sections, symmetrically filled with elevations of their granite, on which the names of Magnitogorsk residents who died in the Great Patriotic War are carved. More than 14,000 names in total.

Conclusion

In the course of our work, we found out that the monuments are dedicated not only to the heroic soldiers who shed blood at the front, but also to children, mothers, and home front workers. Monuments have been erected not only in our country, but also in other countries, the liberators of which are Soviet soldiers. Their feat is remembered and honored there.

When we conducted a survey about the need to erect monuments, everyone answered that it was very important. You must remember and know your history.

In our work, we have collected information about many monuments. Particularly touched by the sculptures dedicated to children and mothers.

Literature

1.https: // fishki.net

2.https: //