- BOSNIAN in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, th, th. 1.see the Bosnians. 2. Related to the Bosnians, their way of life, culture, as well as Bosnia and ... - BOSNIAN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
BOSNIA CRISIS 1908-09, int. conflict caused by the annexation in oct. 1908 Bosnia and Herzegovina ... - BOSNIAN in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
- BOSNIAN in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
adj. 1) Related to Bosnia, Bosnians, associated with them. 2) Typical for the Bosnians, typical for them and for Bosnia. 3) Belonging to ... - BOSNIAN in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
Bosnian (from ... - BOSNIAN in the Spelling Dictionary:
Bosnian (from ... - BOSNIAN in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
bosnian adj. 1) Related to Bosnia, Bosnians, associated with them. 2) Typical for the Bosnians, typical for them and for Bosnia. 3) ... - BOSNIAN in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
- BOSNIAN in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
adj. 1. Pertaining to Bosnia, Bosnians, associated with them. 2. Inherent to the Bosnians, characteristic of them and Bosnia. 3. Belonging to ... - BOSNIAN CRISIS in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
1908-09 international conflict caused by the October 1908 annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary. One of the stages on the way to unleashing the 1st world ... - BOSNIAN CRISIS 1908-09 in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
the crisis of 1908-09, an international conflict caused by the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on October 7, 1908 by Austria-Hungary - the provinces inhabited by Serbs and Croats ... - CHRISOSTOM (EVICH)
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Chrysostom (Evich) (born 1952), bishop of Bihac and Petrovac. Born on March 4, 1952 in ... - FILARET (MICHEVICH) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Filaret (Michevich) (born 1947), Bishop of Mileshevsky (Serbian Orthodox Church). In the world of Michhevich Elenko ... - PETER (ZIMONICH) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Peter (Zimonich) (1866 - 1941), Metropolitan of Dabro-Bosnian, Hieromartyr (Serbian Orthodox Church ... - NIKOLAI (MRJA) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Nikolay (Mrdzha) (born 1928), Metropolitan of Dabro-Bosnian. Born on August 30, 1928 in the village of Smolyany ... - LAZARUS SERBIAN in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Lazar Khrebelyanovich (c. 1329 - 1389), the noble prince, ruler of Serbia and Primorye, king, great martyr. ... - BISHOP OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". The episcopate of the Serbian Orthodox Church - the living bishops in the order of dignity and episcopal consecration Primate ... - GOLUBOVICH MILAN in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Golubovich Milan (+ 1941) Hieromartyr (Serbian Orthodox Church). Commemoration of May 26 together with ... - BANYACH MILAN in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Banyach Milan (1886 - 1941), Hieromartyr (Serbian Orthodox Church). Commemoration of May 26 ... - JUNE 24 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". July 7, new style June (old style) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8… - in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Chronology of the Century: XIX XX XXI 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 ... - in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Chronology of the Century: XIX XX XXI 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 ... - in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Chronology of the Century: XVIII XIX XX 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 ... - 17 AUGUST in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". August 30, new style August (old style) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8… - YAGICH IGNATY VIKENTIEVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Yagich (Ignatiy Vikentievich, Vatroslav Jagic) is an outstanding representative of modern Slavic philology. Born in 1838 in Varajin, Croatian, studied in ...
- Sanjaka. Bosnian emerged as an independent language in 1990 after the collapse of the state of Yugoslavia. In 1994 it became one of the state languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, along with Serbian and Croatian. Currently, Cyrillic and Latin are used in writing in parallel with the predominance of the latter.
In total, the Bosnian language is spoken by about 2.5 million people, 1.8 million of them live in Bosnia and Herzegovina, another 245 thousand are citizens of Serbia and more than three hundred thousand Bosnians have immigrated to the countries of Europe and North America.
History of the Bosnian language
During the years of the SFRY's existence, Bosnian and Montenegrin languages were considered dialects of the common Serbo-Croatian language. All of these languages are based on the Shtokav dialect, so the languages are very similar. After the division of Yugoslavia into independent states, the peoples inhabiting these lands began to restore their traditional national languages. The Bosnian language is now a new language, the formation of which has just begun. At this stage in the development of the language, borrowed words are introduced, pronunciation is standardized.
The origin of the Bosnian language dates back to the Middle Ages. The self-name of the native speakers of the Bosnian language is Bosniak, the language, respectively, is called bosniak. Bosniaks profess Islam, therefore the Bosnian language differs from Croatian and Serbian in numerous lexemes, and is of Turkic origin. The tradition of such an entry was entrenched at a time when the Ottoman Empire dominated the Balkans.
Traces of the Ottoman presence are clearly reflected not only in the Bosnian language, but also in the architecture and traditions of the Bosnians. Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is decorated with ancient minarets and mosques. The ancient city, founded in the 13th century, was originally called Vrhbosna. The city received its present name in the 15th century and comes from the Turkic "barn", which translates as "palace". The Turks built the governor's palace in the captured city, and thanks to this the city received a new name.
In the 18th century, after the end of the Austro-Turkish War, Bosnia ceded to the Austrians, but by this time the overwhelming majority of the local population had already converted to Islam. Nevertheless, in Orthodox monasteries during all the years of the rule of the Turks, they continued to rewrite books written in the Old Serbian language, create chronicles and thus preserve the traditions of Christian literature using the Cyrillic alphabet. The first Muslim Bosnian writers appeared only in the 17th century.
- The culture of the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula is very specific, which is explained by many external influences. Bosnian grammar is simpler than Russian, vocabulary is much poorer, but the words of the Bosnian language are often ambiguous.
- The spoken language of the Bosnians differs from Croatian and Serbian in greater homogeneity. Attempts to streamline grammar in the nineteenth century were unsuccessful. The first dictionary of the Bosnian language was the glossary of Mohamed Khevaia Uskufi, compiled in 1631.
- For a long time, the Bosnians preferred to use foreign languages, mainly, or. The Bosnian language can be called abandoned for the sake of religious issues, which interested ethnic Bosnians much more. A short revival of interest, which was observed at the beginning of the 20th century, allows today the revival of the national language.
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Bosnian language(self-name bosanski / bosanski / بۉسانسكى) is one of the South Slavic languages, which is spoken mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina by about 2.2 million people. Officially, the Bosnian language began to manifest itself as a separate language after the collapse of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Bosnian became one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994, along with Croatian and Serbian.
The Bosnian language uses both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. In the past, a version of the Cyrillic alphabet known as Bosnian Cyrillic from the end of the 10th century was used to write in Bosnian. This alphabet was used only in Bosnia. During the reign of the Ottoman Empire, a version of the Arabic alphabet was used for writing in Bosnian.
The first Bosnian dictionary, a rhymed Bosnian-Turkish dictionary, was compiled by Muhammad Khewai Uskufi in 1631.
The Bosnian language is closely related and mutually intelligible in relation to Serbian, Croatian and Montenegrin languages.
This table shows the Bosnian Cyrillic alphabet that was used during the 10th-20th centuries. It never went through standardization, and most letters had several different forms - typical forms are shown in the table. Some of the letters used in modern Bosnian Cyrillic were not used in this version. At the same time, there are letters here that are no longer used at all.
The Arabic alphabet for the Bosnian language (Arabica / Alhamijado / Adzamijski)
Latin and Cyrillic alphabets for the Bosnian language
