The political party "" (hereinafter - the Communist Party of the Russian Federation or the Communist Party of the Russian Federation) was created on a voluntary basis by citizens of the Russian Federation, united on the basis of common interests to implement its program and statutory goals.
Formed on the initiative of the communists, the primary organizations of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the CPSU, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continues the work of the RSDLP - RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - All-Union Communist Party (b) - CPSU and the Communist Party of the RSFSR, being their ideological successor. IN AND. Lenin dated the emergence of the Communist Party and Bolshevism “as a current of political thought and as a political party” from 1903, i.e. from the II Congress of the RSDLP.
The leaders, general (first) secretaries, and chairmen of the party over the 110-year period were: V.I.Lenin(until 1924), I.V.Stalin(until 1953), N.S. Khrushchev(1953-1964), L.I.Brezhnev(1964-1982), Yu.V.Andropov(1982-1983), K.U. Chernenko(1983-1984), M.S.Gorbachev(1984-1991), as well as in the Communist Party of the RSFSR - I.K.Polozkov(1990-1991), V.A.Kuptsov(1991), G.A.Zyuganov(from February 1993 - from the moment of re-establishment of the Communist Party of the RSFSR - Communist Party of the Russian Federation until the present).
The party operated underground and semi-legally from 1903 to February 1917. Legally - from March 1917. As the ruling party RSDLP(b) - RCP(b) - All-Union Communist Party (b) - CPSU and Communist Party of the RSFSR operated from November 7 (October 25 according to the old style) 1917 to August 23, 1991. Exercised executive power as part of a coalition government from November 1917 to July 1918 (coalition with the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party), as well as from September 1998 to May 1999. (coalition government of Primakov-Maslyukov).
Based on the Decrees of President B.N. Yeltsin in 1991-1992 and after the execution of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in 1993 activities of the Communist Party in the Russian Federation was banned (suspended).
At the end of 1992, after the decision of the Constitutional Court of the RSFSR, which declared unconstitutional the provisions of the Decrees of President B.N. Yeltsin on the dissolution of the organizational structures of primary party organizations formed on a territorial principle, the party resumed its activities.
Another one an attempt to ban the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and arrest the leaders of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and communist deputies of the State Duma was undertaken in March 1996 after the State Duma denounced the Belovezhskaya Accords on the dissolution of the USSR.
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is the continuation party RSDLP- RSDLP(b) - RCP(b) - All-Union Communist Party (b) - CPSU and Communist Party of the RSFSR registered with the authorities of the current Russian Federation since the Second Extraordinary Congress of Communists of Russia (February 13-14, 1993) as the restored Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
Current name - Political Party " COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION».
Communist Party of the Russian Federation - party of patriots, internationalists, party of friendship of peoples, defense of Russian, Russian civilization. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, defending communist ideals, protects the interests of the working class, peasantry, intelligentsia, and all working people. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation builds its work on the basis of the Program and Charter.
On January 1, 2016 within the structure of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation are functioning 85 regional organization, 2,350 local and 14,151 primary branches. Since the previous congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, more than 60 thousand of our like-minded people have joined the ranks of communists HThe party's strength is 162,173 people.
More than half of Russian communists are people of working age and active age. Social composition of the party: 14% - workers, 13% - office workers, about 7% - unemployed, 6.6% - farmers, 4.3% - students, 4.2% - engineering and technical workers, 4% - representatives of the creative intelligentsia , 3% - entrepreneurs, 1.2% - business managers.
The average age of members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is 55.6 years.
If you are an adult citizen of the Russian Federation, are not a member of another party, share the Program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and recognize its Charter, are not indifferent to the fate of our Motherland and consider capitalism to be an unjust structure of society, if you want to fight for communist ideals - you can become a communist! Read more about how to join the Communist Party of the Russian Federation You can find out at relevant section. If you share the ideas of the Communist Party, are not indifferent to what is happening in Russia today and are ready to provide the Communist Party of the Russian Federation with all possible assistance, then You can become a supporter of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
ABOUT governing body structure parties You can find information in the section Governing body structure.
If you would like to familiarize yourself with the official documents of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, materials about the meetings of the Presidium, Plenums, Congresses, etc., you can find all this in the section Official documents of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
To get contact information or leave a donation to the party fund, you can find everything you need in the section of the same name Contact Information .
The banner of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is red.
The anthem of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is “International”.
The symbol of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a symbol of the union of urban, rural, scientific and cultural workers - a hammer, a sickle and a book.
The motto of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is “Russia, labor, democracy, socialism!”
Political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation"(abbreviated as Communist Party of the Russian Federation) - left opposition parliamentary Political Party Russia
Brief history of the party
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation was formed at the Second Extraordinary Congress of Communists of Russia (February 13-14, 1993) on the basis of the primary organizations of the Communist Party of the RSFSR as the All-Russian public organization "Communist Party of the Russian Federation" - the successor of the CPSU and was officially registered in March of the same year. Later transformed into a political party. Ideological continuity with the CPSU and the Communist Party of the RSFSR is enshrined in the Charter of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the party program adopted at its XIII Congress.
The Second Congress is also called unification and restoration, since in accordance with the decision of the Constitutional Court, B. Yeltsin’s ban on primary organizations - party cells of the Communist Party of the RSFSR was lifted. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation arose as a party created on the basis of these primary organizations. In addition, the parties that emerged in 1991-1992 were also expected to unite with it. on the membership base of the CPSU and the Communist Party of the RSFSR.
During the events of October 1993, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation spoke out in support of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, but its structures have not taken part since the events of October 3 and 4. G. Zyuganov appealed to his supporters with a request to abandon active protests in order to avoid senseless victims. As a result of these events, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was again banned from October 4-18, 1993. On the eve of the December elections to the State Duma and the referendum on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation wanted to be removed from the elections for criticizing the draft Constitution, but they did not do this.
According to the voting results on December 12, 1993, the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took third place after the LDPR and Russia's Choice, receiving 12.40% of the votes and, taking into account single-mandate deputies, 42 mandates. At the same time, an additional part of the representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and its political allies became deputies on the list of the Agrarian Party of Russia.
In the elections of December 17, 1995, the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took first place, receiving 22.30% of the vote and 157 mandates (99 in the proportional system and 58 in single-mandate constituencies).
In February - March 1996, to support G.A. Zyuganov, in the elections of the President of the Russian Federation, a Bloc of People's Patriotic Forces was formed, headed by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In this election, G.A. Zyuganov lost to B.N. Yeltsin with a slight lag (40.31% and 53.82%, respectively).
In the summer of 1998, the Duma faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the deputies supporting it began the procedure for the removal of Russian President B.N. Yeltsin from office. However, during the voting of deputies in 1999, none of the five charges received the required 300 votes.
In the 2000s. a period of decline in the popularity of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation begins, which is associated not only with the characteristics of the party itself, but also with the formation of a party system with one dominant party. In the State Duma elections in 2003, the Communists received only 12.8% of the votes and 51 seats. The Rodina bloc, created in September 2003, took away a significant part of the votes from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In the next elections in 2007, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received only 11.57% of the votes and 57 seats.
At this time there were attempts at rapprochement with the right-wing liberal parties, which, however, did not bring any particular results. In 2004, party leader G. A. Zyuganov stated that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation should be ready for a tactical alliance with the “liberals.” It was proposed to base it on the principle of “walking apart, striking together.” However, the creation of such a union was complicated by differences on issues such as the removal of Lenin’s body from the mausoleum and the rehabilitation of Stalin. By 2007, the opinion began to emerge in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation that an alliance with the “liberals” was a “compromise”.
This period also includes several splits and departures from the party. In 2002, after a conflict with the Duma faction of Unity, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation decided to vacate its leadership positions in the State Duma. Speaker of the Duma G. Seleznev, chairmen of committees N. Gubenko and S. Goryacheva did not obey the decision and were expelled from the faction and party. In 2004, the head of the People's Patriotic Union of Russia, G. Semigin, was expelled from the party. The opposition to Gennady Zyuganov as the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was led by the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Governor of the Ivanovo Region V. Tikhonov. In June 2004, two Central Committee Plenums were held simultaneously in Moscow, and two party congresses were held in July. The congress, held by supporters of V. Tikhonov, was declared invalid, and V. Tikhonov himself and his supporters were expelled from the party. In 2008, a story occurred related to the refusal of delegates from St. Petersburg to participate in the 13th Party Congress and known as the “new Leningrad case.” As a result, the St. Petersburg City Committee was dissolved, three of its leaders were expelled from the party, and three regional organizations were liquidated. These events were widely discussed on the Internet, including on the website of the Moscow organization of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. As a result of this whole story, the first secretary of the MGO of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, D. Ulas, was reprimanded, he himself was removed from this post, and the bureau of the MGC was dissolved. Other regional leaders were also suspended. In July 2010, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation itself, district branches, and part of the old district branches were dissolved. Opponents of the dissolution of the city committee, however, did not agree with this decision and announced the falsification of the plenum of the Central Committee.
Organizational structure and party members
In 2010, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation had 152,844 party members. This is significantly less than in the 1990s. (in 1999, the party had approximately 500 thousand members, in 2006, according to party leader G.A. Zyuganov, the party numbered only 184 thousand, while 48% of party members were over 60 years old, 43% were over 30 up to 60, and only 7% are under 30 years old). Party leaders admit that the main problems of the party are the replenishment of party ranks, their rejuvenation and the preparation of a personnel reserve.
There was a reduction in the number of members of the deputy faction in the State Duma of the Russian Federation and the number of officials - members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Success in gubernatorial elections in the 1990s. led to the fact that representatives and nominees of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation headed a number of subjects of the Russian Federation, and these subjects themselves formed the so-called. “red belt” (with a high level of support from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation). However, in the 2000s, some current governors left or were expelled from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and joined United Russia (A. Mikhailov, A. Tkachev) and currently there are no governors who are members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (the governor of the Vladimir region N. Vinogradov suspended his membership in party in 2008).
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation had its own factions in all compositions of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In 1998-1999, party representative Y. Maslyukov was the first deputy prime minister in the government of E. Primakov.
The governing body of the party, according to the charter, is the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF Central Committee). The Central Committee develops documents on the most important issues based on the party program and decisions of congresses. The Chairman of the Central Committee is G.A. Zyuganov, the first deputy is I.I. Melnikov.
The central bodies of the party also include the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The Presidium is elected to resolve political and organizational issues in the period between plenums of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. To organize the current work and monitor the implementation of decisions of the central bodies of the party, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation elects a secretariat, reporting to the presidium.
The party also has a supreme supervisory body - the Central Control and Audit Commission (CCRK) of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, which monitors compliance by members and structural units of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation with the charter. This body also considers appeals by members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation against certain decisions of higher authorities.
The creation of factions is prohibited in the party, and party discipline is strictly controlled.
The printed organ of the party is the newspaper Pravda. In addition, the party has an internal “Bulletin of organizational, party and personnel work”; magazine "Political Education" and more than 30 regional publications.
A friendly youth organization is the Union of Communist Youth.
Ideological and political position of the party
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a force in opposition to the authorities, sharply criticizes the current political course and the government of V. Putin. Despite this, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation approved a number of actions in the field of foreign policy. For example, in 2008, after the armed conflict in South Ossetia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation approved military action and recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation opposes the expansion of NATO and the deployment of American missile defense in Eastern Europe.
He calls his strategic goal in the long term the construction of “renewed socialism” in Russia in three stages. In the short term, it sets itself the following goals: the coming to power of “patriotic forces”, the nationalization of mineral resources and strategic sectors of the economy while preserving small and medium-sized businesses, and strengthening the social orientation of state policy.
In the 2008 party program, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is declared to be the only political organization that consistently defends the rights of wage earners and national-state interests. The program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation states that the party is guided by the Marxist-Leninist teaching and creatively develops it, based on the experience and achievements of domestic and world science and culture. However, a significant place in the program documents and works of party leaders is occupied by “the confrontation between the new world order and the Russian people” with its qualities - “conciliarity and sovereignty, deep faith, ineradicable altruism and a decisive rejection of the commercial lures of the bourgeois, liberal-democratic paradise.”
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) is an all-Russian political party. It was formed on the initiative of the communists, the primary organizations of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the CPSU, being their ideological successor.
The main goal of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is to build socialism - a society of social justice on the principles of collectivism, freedom, and equality. The party advocates democracy in the form of Soviets and the strengthening of a federal multinational state.
The Communist Party of the RSFSR as part of the CPSU was formed in June 1990 at a conference of Russian communists, transformed into the First (Founding) Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR. In June-September 1990, the Central Committee of the party was formed. After the events of August 1991, communist organizations in Russia were banned. In November 1992, the Constitutional Court of Russia overturned the ban on the Communist Party of the RSFSR. On February 13-14, 1993, the Second Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR took place. The congress announced the resumption of the activities of the party, which became known as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
The Charter of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was adopted by the Second Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on February 14, 1993. Changes and additions were made: by the IV Congress on April 20, 1997, by the V (extraordinary) Congress on May 23, 1998, by the VIII (Extraordinary) Congress on January 19, 2002, by the XI (Extraordinary) Congress on October 29, 2005.
At a meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on January 17, 2013, a resolution was adopted to publish the draft new charter of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation builds its work on the basis of a program and charter and operates within the framework of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On Political Parties” and other laws of the Russian Federation.
The structure of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation includes primary branches, local branches and regional branches, which are structural divisions of the party.
The highest governing body of the party is the Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The permanent governing body of the party is the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The central bodies of the party are the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The central control bodies of the party are the Central Control and Audit Commission of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
As of January 1, 2013, the structure of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation includes 81 regional organizations, 2,278 local and 13,726 primary branches. The party's membership exceeds 157 thousand people.
A member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation can be a capable citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 18, recognizes and implements the program and charter of the party, is registered and participates in the work of one of the primary party branches, and regularly pays membership fees.
The party has its own flag, anthem, emblem and other symbols.
The flag of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a red banner, the width of which is two-thirds of its length. The anthem of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is "Internationale". The emblem of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a sickle, a hammer and an open book interconnected, symbolizing the solidarity of workers, peasants and intellectuals.
Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov– statesman, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, head of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Heads the International Union of Communist Parties operating in the CIS and Baltic republics. Represents Russia in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
Doctor of philosophical science. Military rank - reserve colonel.
Born on June 26, 1944 in the village. Mymrino, Znamensky district, Oryol region, in a teacher’s family.
Married. Has a son and a daughter, seven grandchildren and a granddaughter.
Presidential candidate of the Russian Federation G.A. Zyuganov: Russia is on the threshold of great changes. Report to the XIV Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Resolution of the XIV (extraordinary) Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation "On the participation of the electoral association "Political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation" in the elections of the President of the Russian Federation" Resolution of the XIV (extraordinary) Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation "On the nomination of a candidate for the post of President of the Russian Federation from a political party " Communist Party of the Russian Federation"
Rashkin Valery Fedorovich, First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee, Deputy Chairman of the Central Committee and member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Valery Rashkin was born into a large family of rural workers. From an early age I learned hard peasant labor and learned the main thing that the core of life is laid in the family, in its foundations and traditions, where work is held in high esteem, a sacred attitude towards the nurse Mother Earth, respect for elders, help to those who find themselves in trouble, tender , caring attitude towards women and children.
After graduating from the Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Instrumentation of the Polytechnic Institute, he was sent to work at the Corpus Production Association, where he worked for 17 years. He worked his way up from a process engineer to the head of assembly production, and the chief dispatcher of the association.
In 1990, Valery Fedorovich was elected as a deputy of the Saratov City Council of People's Deputies, and in 1994 - as a deputy, deputy chairman of the Saratov Regional Duma. The range of issues he supervised was very wide: from fiscal policy and economics to the social sphere.
He was 28 years old when he became a communist by conviction. Five years later, V.F. Rashkin was elected secretary of the party committee of the largest association in Saratov, “Corps”.
The turning point in the life of the country and the party came in August 1991. Rashkin remained true to his ideals, began working to restore the communist organization of the region and, together with his comrades, revived it again.
Since 1993, Valery Fedorovich has been the first secretary of the Saratov regional committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, performing this work on a voluntary basis. On December 19, 1999, he was elected to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in the Saratov single-mandate electoral district No. 158. In 2003 and 2007, he was elected to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the fourth and fifth convocations.
Doctor of Economic Sciences.
Master of Sports in mountaineering. The peaks of the Caucasus, Tien Shan, and Pamir conquered him.
Champion of Russia 1987. Bronze medalist of the Soviet Union in 1990.
Married. Together with his wife, a kindergarten psychologist, he raised two sons.
Graduated from the Kaliningrad Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Russian University of Innovation, and the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.
In July 2001 he joined the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. While working in the party, he rose from assistant legal adviser to deputy head of the Legal Service of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
Member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
On October 11, 2009, he was elected as a deputy of the Moscow City Duma in the city electoral district on the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
Head of the Communist Party faction in the Moscow City Duma. Member of five commissions:
On urban management and housing policy;
On state ownership and land use;
On state building and local self-government;
On personnel issues within the competence of the Moscow City Duma;
On organizing the work of the Duma.
Married, has a son.
Russian political party
All-Russian political party founded in 1993. He is the “ideological successor” of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Since its creation, it has criticized the current government and positioned itself as an opposition party. The leader of the party since 1993 is Gennady Zyuganov.
Founding of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) was founded in 1993. Members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation considered their organization as the successor to the Communist Party of the RSFSR (CP of the RSFSR as part of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, CPSU), the founding congress of which was held in June 1990. The first secretaries of the Central Committee (Central Committee) of the Communist Party of the RSFSR were first Ivan Polozkov (because of this in the press it was sometimes called the “Polozkov party”), and then, from the beginning of August 1991, Valentin Kuptsov was elected to this post. Gennady Zyuganov became one of the secretaries, as well as a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (in 1991, he was also one of the candidates for the post of first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, but was not elected). However, the Communist Party of the RSFSR did not last long: after the State Committee for the State of Emergency (GKChP) attempted to carry out a coup in August 1991, its activities, like the activities of the CPSU, were suspended and then banned. Property that was at the disposal or use of the CPSU was transferred to the state.
The party's policy statement and its charter were adopted at the congress. In it, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was proclaimed the successor to the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the CPSU, factions, platforms and dual membership were prohibited in the party. The “most massive party currently existing” in Russia was born, uniting all the famous communist figures in the country, the media noted at that time: the number of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was then estimated at 500 thousand people.
At the same congress in 1993, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution “On the property of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation,” according to which the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was recognized as “the authorized successor to the property of the CPSU on the territory of Russia.” Subsequently, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation repeatedly filed lawsuits, trying to return real estate that previously belonged to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. However, obtaining this property legally was not easy: according to the decision of the Constitutional Court in 1992, the property of the CPSU (or the property that the CPSU was using at the time of the ban, whose owner was unknown) was returned to the party, and state property remained with the state. However, the same court decision confirmed the legality of the dissolution of the leading organizational structures of the Communist Party, and “no one was recognized as the legal successor of the CPSU.” Accordingly, there was “no one to sue for the return of the property of the Communist Party and no one to answer for these claims” , , . Anatoly Sobchak in his book “Once Upon a Time There Was a Communist Party” also pointed out that “in fact” there was nothing to return: in August 1991, “resourceful party functionaries created many fictitious structures to which they hastened to transfer the property and money of the party.” The finances of the CPSU also, after the collapse of the communist system, “surfaced in the form of new commercial banks and other structures.” Representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in 2008 claimed that “no court decision on the ‘party money’ was ever made.”
On March 23, 1993, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received registration from the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Analysts also drew attention to the fact that the “communist multi-party system” in the country was preserved, despite the fact that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, “thanks to its reliance on old nomenklatura cadres who held strong positions” in the economy, as well as in regional and local authorities, quickly took “ dominant positions on the left flank."
Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the 1990s
In September-October 1993, a political crisis erupted in the country, expressed in an armed confrontation between two branches of government - the legislative and the executive. On September 21, 1993, President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree dissolving the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation and scheduled elections for December 12, 1993 to a new representative body of power - the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. A few days later, he issued decrees to hold early presidential elections in the Russian Federation on June 12, 1994, as well as to schedule a referendum on December 12 on the adoption of a new constitution. The actions of the head of state aroused resistance from parliamentarians, who on September 23, 1993, declaring Yeltsin’s presidential powers terminated, entrusted Vice President Alexander Rutsky with the duties of the President of the Russian Federation. The confrontation ultimately led to the shooting of the building of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation and the armed seizure of the White House. In this situation, the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, unlike ordinary party activists, behaved cautiously and, in a television speech, called on his comrades-in-arms for exclusively peaceful resistance. The position of the party leadership, as well as the fact that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, unlike other left parties, refused to boycott the elections to the State Duma of the first convocation, subsequently gave the press a reason to reproach the party led by Zyuganov for “helping to legalize the new “super-presidential” model authorities", .
According to the results of the vote on December 12, 1993, the Communist Party received 12.4 percent of the vote and, accordingly, 32 seats under the proportional system. Another 10 candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation won in single-mandate constituencies, and 13 party members were elected to the Federation Council. Zyuganov became the chairman of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation faction in the State Duma, and Ivan Rybkin, a member of the Duma agrarian faction, who held the post of leader of the Communists of Russia faction in the former Russian parliament, was elected speaker of the lower house.
Subsequently, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continued to actively criticize the activities of the authorities. After communist Valentin Kovalev was appointed Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation in the government of Viktor Chernomyrdin, the Communist Party faction in the State Duma in January 1995, declaring this appointment an attempt to “discredit the firm and consistent policy of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation regarding the ruling regime,” expelled Kovalev from its membership. : according to the leaders of the faction, there could be no “speech about the participation of communists in a government guilty of the destruction of our great country” , , .
On January 21-22, 1995, the third congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took place, at which a management system was formed that remained in the party for many years. A Central Committee (Central Committee) consisting of 139 members and 25 candidates, its presidium (19 people) and secretariat (5 people) appeared in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Zyuganov was elected Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, his first deputy was Kuptsov, and his other deputy was Alexander Shabanov. To control party activities, a Central Control and Audit Commission of 40 people was introduced. At the third congress, a new program and party charter were also adopted. As noted in the press, the amendments to the charter approved by the congress, including the proposed “measures to strengthen the principle of democratic centralism”, the ban on factionalism and dual membership, the responsibility of communists elected to parliament on party lists to the leadership of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, etc., were intended to “change the face of the party,” but instead “they only made the already familiar features more distinct” (meaning provisions similar to a number of provisions of the CPSU charter - editor’s note).
In August 1995, the “first troika” of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was approved in the elections to the State Duma of the second convocation: Zyuganov, the non-party head of the legislative assembly of the Kemerovo region Aman Tuleyev and member of the presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Svetlana Goryacheva, ,. On December 17, the elections of State Duma deputies took place, the communists took first place, receiving 22.3 percent of the votes. Candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation won in 58 single-mandate constituencies, , , . In addition to deputies from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation itself, 23 candidates from among independents, members of the Agrarian Party of Russia (APR) and nominees of the “Power to the People!” bloc (leaders Nikolai Ryzhkov, Sergei Baburin and others) entered the Duma, whom the Communist Party officially supported during the election campaign campaigns, . The Communist Party of the Russian Federation nominated Secretary of the Central Committee Gennady Seleznev to the post of Chairman of the State Duma, and he won after three rounds of voting. Goryacheva became Deputy Speaker of the State Duma. Party representatives headed nine State Duma committees: on security (Viktor Ilyukhin); in economics (Yuriy Maslyukov); for Federation Affairs and Regional Policy (Leonid Ivanchenko); on legislation and judicial reform (Anatoly Lukyanov); on education and science (Ivan Melnikov); on tourism and sports (Alexander Sokolov); for Women, Family and Youth Affairs (Alevtina Aparina); Veterans Affairs (Valentin Varennikov); for the Affairs of Public Associations and Religious Organizations (Viktor Zorkaltsev), . Zyuganov was elected leader of the Duma faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and Kuptsov also became his deputy in the faction (as Profile magazine noted, at that time, “financing of the party by representatives of big capital” was carried out through Kuptsov).
After Zyuganov's defeat, the leaders of the parties and movements that supported him in the elections decided to unite in July 1996, creating the all-Russian public movement "People's Patriotic Union of Russia" (NPSR). In addition to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, it included the Agrarian Party of Russia, as well as a number of other movements, “several dozen” in total. In the press at that time, the reason for the emergence of the NPSR was called the desire of the communists to “change their image.” It was not ruled out that “Zyuganov will have to leave the political forefront.” However, this did not happen - he became the chairman of the NPSR Coordination Council, and Nikolai Ryzhkov was elected chairman of the executive committee. Also, the NPSR was managed by five co-chairs - Aman Tuleyev, Stanislav Govorukhin, Alexander Rutskoi (People's Patriotic Movement "Derzhava"), Mikhail Lapshin (Agrarian Party of Russia) and Alexey Podberezkin (All-Russian socio-political movement "Spiritual Heritage") , , , , , .
In the gubernatorial elections of 1996-1997, which took place in 62 regions of the country, candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the NPSR won in 26 regions. In particular, Vasily Starodubtsev became the governor of the Tula region, and Nikolai Kondratenko headed the Krasnodar region. In another five regions, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation supported the current governors, who won , , . Subsequently, political scientists talked about the formation in the 1990s of the so-called “red belt” - a number of regions of the country where citizens showed stable support for the communists, not only in gubernatorial elections, but also in elections to local legislative bodies.
After the default of August 1998, Yeltsin wanted to appoint Viktor Chernomyrdin to replace the dismissed Prime Minister Sergei Kiriyenko, but the opposition factions of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) and the Yabloko party in the State Duma voted twice against this appointment. Then the president nominated Yevgeny Primakov for the post of prime minister - as reported in the press, the only figure against whom the leaders of the “left” had no serious arguments. On September 11, the State Duma approved him in his new position for the first time, and members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Yuri Maslyukov and Gennady Khodyrev took the posts of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Antimonopoly Policy and Entrepreneurship Support in his government, respectively, , , . The magazine "Profile" at that time wrote about the alleged "leftward movement" of the executive branch.
In May 1999, State Duma deputies attempted to impeach President Yeltsin. According to media reports, the initiators of this action were communists Viktor Ilyukhin and Lev Rokhlin with the support of Zyuganov. However, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation suffered a double defeat. A few days before the vote, the president dismissed Primakov’s government, and then the impeachment failed, since none of the five charges against the head of state received the required 300 votes in parliament.
Before the elections to the State Duma of the third convocation in December 1999, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation planned to gather all its allies into one coalition, but “everyone quarreled.” As a result, the “widely advertised” bloc “For Victory”, which was headed by Zyuganov, in addition to the communists, was joined by only part of the Agrarian Party led by Nikolai Kharitonov, , , . As a result, the bloc was never formed, but its allies were included in the lists of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - Tuleyev, Kharitonov, economist Sergei Glazyev. The first three positions on the federal list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation were occupied by Zyuganov, Seleznev and Starodubtsev, ,.
On December 19, 1999, elections to the State Duma of the third convocation took place. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (its election headquarters was headed by Kuptsov) received the highest result in the country - 24.29 percent of the vote, but the pro-government Unity lost only one percent to the communists. Another 46 deputies from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received seats in parliament based on voting results in single-mandate constituencies. Despite the high percentage result, the representation of communists in the Duma decreased, and as a result, the “left-patriotic forces” lost the “blocking package” , , , , , . The registered Duma faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation included 95 deputies, another 23 official party nominees were included in the Agro-Industrial Deputy Group. Gennady Seleznev was again elected Chairman of the State Duma, and representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation also headed nine committees.
In the 1990s, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation held many rallies, strikes and demonstrations. The press at that time wrote a lot about the all-Russian protest action on October 7, 1998, which was carried out by communists and trade union workers, demanding the resignation of President Boris Yeltsin and a change in government policy. The organizers of the strike claimed that about 12 million people took part in it, but the authorities did not confirm this data.
Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the 2000s
In the presidential elections in 2000, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was again represented by Gennady Zyuganov. His main opponent was Vladimir Putin, who became the country's acting president after Yeltsin's resignation at the end of December 1999. As Nezavisimaya Gazeta wrote, Zyuganov’s program included an actual return to the “Soviet economic model”: he proposed transferring natural resources for use to the state, and dividing the income from their exploitation among citizens. In addition, in case of victory, Zyuganov intended to return the state monopoly on the production and sale of wine, vodka and tobacco products, the income from which was to become the main source of budget replenishment. Zyuganov also planned to carry out political reform - he was going to amend the constitution in order to form a government of a parliamentary majority. Putin, the media noted, did not have a political platform as such: the country’s leadership tried to impose on the voter the idea that there was no alternative to Putin. On March 26, 2000, the Russian presidential elections were held, as a result of which Zyuganov received 29.24 percent of the vote, taking second place. Vladimir Putin became president with 52.90 percent of the votes. Despite the loss of the communist leader, the voting results, according to analysts, confirmed his personal political stability and stable authority among the protest electorate.
In 2002, the head of the election campaign headquarters of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was replaced - instead of Kuptsov, he became Ivan Melnikov. In the elections to the State Duma of the fourth convocation, the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was headed by Zyuganov, Kondratenko and Kharitonov. It was later noted that the elections to the lower house of parliament, held on December 7, 2003, were a failure for the Communist Party: according to the official voting results, the majority of votes - 37.56 percent - were received by the United Russia party, while 12 were cast for the Communists ,61 percent of votes , , . In single-mandate constituencies, 12 candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ran for deputies. The communists, who carried out an alternative vote count with the help of their observers at various polling stations, accused the Central Election Commission of massive fraud. At the same time, the results of an alternative survey organized by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on the Fairplay.ru website indicated that “the main victims of the ‘administrative resource’ were not so much the communists themselves as the right-wing parties.” The conflict did not develop further.
In the State Duma of the fourth convocation, the communists received 52 seats. In January 2004, when the distribution of positions within the chamber took place, all committees in the State Duma, without exception, were headed by representatives of United Russia. However, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation got the place of vice-speaker - Kuptsov took it, ,.
Until the early 2000s, successful performance of candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in gubernatorial elections continued. Thus, the press called the election of Gennady Khodyrev, the former first secretary of the Gorky Regional Committee of the CPSU, as the undoubted success of the communists in 2001. However, subsequently the press noted that already at that time the collapse of the “red belt” began - in the conditions of “the centralization of power and tax revenues that developed in Putin’s Russia” it became inevitable. In particular, political scientists noted that in the 2003 parliamentary elections, many communist governors, “being under pressure from the federal government, ... did not interfere, and in some cases simply helped” candidates from United Russia, because they sought to ensure their re-election for another term.
In 2003-2004, the press wrote about another conflict within the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In the spring of 2003, some media reported that the chairman of the executive committee of the NPSR, Semigin, “with the help of generous financial injections” into local and regional branches of the NPSR, began to win over the leaders of local organizations of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The opinion was also expressed that his activities to split the party were beneficial to the Kremlin. In December 2003, at the congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Semigin's supporters tried to nominate him as a candidate for the presidency of the Russian Federation in the upcoming elections. However, the majority of participants at the party congress supported the candidacy of Kharitonov, whose nomination was initiated by Zyuganov. On January 26, 2004, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation demanded that the communists leave the NPSR, and the central control and audit commission recommended that Semigin be expelled from the party. On March 14, 2004, the Russian presidential elections took place. They were won by the incumbent President Putin, who received 71.31 percent of the votes, and Kharitonov took second place, gaining 13.69 percent of the votes.
After the elections, in May 2004, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continued the fight against Semigin’s supporters. The latter “for schismatic activities” (formally - for violating the charter) was officially expelled from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and from among the members of the party faction in the State Duma of the fourth convocation, , , . On July 1, 2004, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, led by Zyuganov, on the one hand, and some supporters of Semigin from the same Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, on the other, held two alternative party congresses, and the organizers of each of them called their meeting legitimate. At the second, “Semiginsky” congress, Ivanovo governor Vladimir Tikhonov was elected chairman of the party instead of Zyuganov. The plenum of Zyuganov’s supporters, in turn, unanimously removed from their posts the secretaries of the Central Committee who took part in the “pro-Semiginsky” plenum. Kommersant noted in July 2004 that the events that took place demonstrated a “real split” in the party, and that even if two communist parties were created, neither of them “will ever be the same Communist Party of the Russian Federation that won the elections in the mid-90s.” State Duma and almost defeated Boris Yeltsin in 1996."
In August of the same year, the Ministry of Justice declared the Tikhonov congress illegal, revealing “facts of falsification of the number of its delegates.” The Communist Party of the Russian Federation itself noted that the fight against “Semiginism” and “attempts by the authorities to strangle the party” led to the fact that “if at the beginning of the work of the Duma of the fourth convocation there were 52 deputies in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation faction, then by the end of the term there were 46 people left in its ranks.” In October 2004, Semigin created the public movement "Patriots of Russia", which included some of his supporters who left the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In April 2005, a party of the same name was created on the basis of the movement (registered in July 2005).
In October 2005, the XI Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was held, at which a new edition of the party charter was adopted (it was brought into line with the new electoral legislation). In addition, the charter introduced norms that were supposed to strengthen the party, including the revocation of the deputy mandate for leaving the faction and reinstatement in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation only a year after expulsion from the party. Much attention was paid to youth in the charter: primary organizations were allowed to create youth sections uniting members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation under the age of 30; it was emphasized that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation cooperates with the Communist Youth Union of the Russian Federation (in 2011 renamed the Leninist Communist Youth Union, LKSM), , .
Political scientists noted that in the 2000s, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continued to “lose” its communist governors: some of them left the party, agreeing to cooperate with the authorities, others lost their posts, and in the communist press they condemned “representatives of the left forces” who “fall into power, go through stages of opportunism, political betrayal, ... ultimately join the ranks of the bourgeois managerial elite" , , . Thus, in 2003, the governor of the Krasnodar Territory, Alexander Tkachev, announced the suspension of his membership in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and then headed the regional list of United Russia in the State Duma elections. In February 2005, the governor of the Kursk region, Alexander Mikhailov, who won the gubernatorial elections with the support of the Communist Party in 2002, joined United Russia. If in the spring of 2005 the Communist Party of the Russian Federation had five governors, then a year later there were three left: Nikolai Vinogradov (Vladimir region), Nikolai Maksyuta (Volgograd region) and Mikhail Mashkovtsev (Kamchatka region).
In 2004, when Putin initiated the abandonment of direct elections of heads of subjects of the federation (the reforms were justified by the need to improve the state mechanism of the country, which was faced with the threat of international terrorism), deputies of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma opposed the bill calling for the abolition of gubernatorial elections. However, the parliamentary majority ensured the passage of this law in the first reading. At the same time, the Russian Forbes later noted, not one of the “red governors” resigned in protest against the reform.
In October 2006, three parties - "Motherland" (People's Patriotic Union), the Russian Party of Life (RPZh) and the Russian Party of Pensioners (RPP) merged into one, called "A Just Russia: Motherland, Pensioners, Life". The media noted that in this way the authorities actually created an alternative to the communists - the party of the “new left” (that’s what the media called “A Just Russia”), and in the future it and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation acted as rivals in the fight for the “left” electorate , , , , .
In September 2007, the Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation approved the list of candidates from the party to participate in the elections to the State Duma of the fifth convocation. The list was headed by Zyuganov, the second and third on it were Nobel laureate Zhores Alferov and Nikolai Kharitonov, who headed the Agro-Industrial Union. In the elections held on December 2, 2007, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation successfully overcame the electoral threshold, gaining 11.57 percent of the votes of Russian voters and receiving 57 seats in the State Duma - significantly less than United Russia (315 seats), but more than the Liberal Democratic Party (40). seats) and "A Just Russia" (38 seats) , , , . Zyuganov once again became the chairman of the faction, and Ivan Melnikov was elected deputy speaker of the State Duma. The communists also headed two committees of the lower house: on industry (chaired by Yuri Maslyukov) and on national affairs (chaired by Valentin Kuptsov).
On December 15, 2007, at the extraordinary XII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Zyuganov’s party members nominated him for the third time as a candidate for the post of President of Russia. "Novye Izvestia" noted innovations in Zyuganov's election campaign: according to the newspaper, the communists decided to "work more closely with the Internet", focusing on "campaigning in blogs - personal diaries of party members." On December 26, 2007, the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation registered Zyuganov as a candidate for the presidency of the Russian Federation. On March 2, 2008, presidential elections took place. They were won by First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government Dmitry Medvedev, who received 70.28 percent of the votes of Russian voters. Zyuganov received 17.72 percent of the votes and took second place in the elections.
In 2007-2008, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation finally lost all of its “red governors”: Mashkovtsev resigned, Maksyuta moved to United Russia, and Vinogradov suspended his membership in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
In November 2008, the XIII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was held, at which a “qualitatively new” edition of the 1995 party program was adopted. Among the innovations, Deputy Chairman of the Central Committee Melnikov noted the emergence of a clearly defined assessment of the political regime that existed in the country, in which “citizens are alienated from participation in managing the affairs of society. The norms of even bourgeois democracy are being violated. Elections to government bodies are increasingly turning into a farce.” The program also touched upon the “Russian question” and mentioned “outright genocide of a great nation.” In addition, it was argued that as a result of the authorities’ policies, “a blow is being dealt to culture and language.” Also at the congress, the ideas of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation were discussed regarding ways to overcome the consequences of the global financial crisis: the communists traditionally proposed to nationalize the main wealth of Russia, as well as introduce a strict system of state regulation in the energy sector, transport, and the military-industrial complex. In 2008-2009, members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation talked a lot about the need to change the role of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, proposing to transform it into the State Bank of Russia and with its help create “a state banking system for investing in basic sectors of the economy, science, and agriculture.” The Communist Party of the Russian Federation also advocated the nationalization of industry banks.
In various elections to legislative assemblies of Russian regions in the late 2000s and early 2010s, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation traditionally took second place, receiving 10-20 percent of the votes, and sometimes more. Thus, in the elections of March 2011, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received 28.8 percent of the votes in the Nizhny Novgorod region, and its representative became deputy chairman of the regional legislative assembly. The communists also won some mayoral elections: for example, in 2010, Viktor Kondrashov was elected mayor of Irkutsk with the support of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (who, however, joined United Russia in February 2011). The media called the elections to local authorities in a number of Russian regions on October 11, 2009, including the elections to the Moscow City Duma, scandalous. In almost all subjects of the federation, United Russia won a majority of votes, and in the Moscow City Duma the communists received only three seats out of 35. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia announced massive falsifications, demanded a recount of votes and a meeting with Medvedev, and in protest in the entire staff left the State Duma hall. This demarche did not in any way affect the activities of the State Duma, since the number of United Russia deputies was sufficient to pass any laws. On October 21, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was the last to return to the State Duma meeting hall. On October 26, Medvedev met with representatives of the Duma factions. At this meeting, Zyuganov presented evidence of fraud in the last elections and demanded the resignation of the head of the Central Election Commission, Vladimir Churov. The next day it became known that in his new message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Medvedev would announce changes in the electoral legislation. The President, in particular, proposed unifying regional legislation relative to federal legislation, including by adopting a law so that parties that received more than 5 percent in the elections would necessarily receive representation in local parliaments.
In the 2000s, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continued to actively organize protests and take part in rallies. In the mid-2000s, protests against the unpopular law on the monetization of benefits were particularly widespread in various regions of the country. Participants in these rallies demanded the resignation of the government and “sharply criticized” United Russia and President Putin. Party experts claimed that in 2008, 95 percent of protesters across the country took part in the All-Russian actions of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and in 2010, “78 percent of all participants in protest events took part in actions organized by the party.” In addition to protests, communists held rallies during the May holidays, as well as in November - in memory of the next anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917.
Communist Party of the Russian Federation since the beginning of the 2010s
At the beginning of the summer of 2011, in response to the creation of United Russia and its supporters of the All-Russian Popular Front, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation announced the formation of a new organization under the auspices of the party - the All-People's Militia named after Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky. For the militia, party members prepared a “program for bringing the country out of the crisis.”
Zyuganov headed the federal list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the sixth convocation from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the December 2011 elections. According to the voting results, the Communists gained 19.19 percent of the votes, receiving 92 deputy mandates. Representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation announced large-scale election fraud, and intended to challenge their results in courts of various instances, from district courts to the Supreme Court. The communists took part in large-scale rallies “For Fair Elections” in December 2011 - February 2012 (which in Moscow gathered, according to various estimates, from 30 to 120 thousand people), but the party leadership preferred to speak at their own independent protests, and Zyuganov in December 2011 he even called one of the rallies “For Fair Elections” a harbinger of “orange leprosy” , , , , , .
In the renewed State Duma, Zyuganov again headed the Communist Party faction, Melnikov became the first deputy chairman of the State Duma. Members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation headed six committees: the Committee on Property Issues (chaired by Sergei Gavrilov), the Committee on Industry (Sergei Sobko), the Committee on Land Relations and Construction (Alexey Russkikh), the Committee on Defense (Vladimir Komoyedov), the Committee on Regional Policy and Problems North and Far East (Nikolai Kharitonov), as well as the Committee on Natural Resources, Environmental Management and Ecology (Vladimir Kashin).
In the same month, at the XIV Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Zyuganov was nominated as a candidate for the next presidential elections, scheduled for March 4, 2012. On December 28, 2011, his candidacy was officially registered by the Central Election Commission. During the election campaign, Zyuganov was supported by the socio-political organization "Left Front", which actively took part in opposition rallies "For Fair Elections". On January 17, 2012, the Left Front signed an agreement with the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on joint actions in the presidential elections. In accordance with this agreement, Zyuganov pledged, if elected, to implement the main demands of the protest movement - the release of political prisoners, reform of political legislation, judicial reform and early parliamentary elections. The coordinator of the organizational department of the Left Front, Sergei Udaltsov, was appointed Zyuganov's confidant and spoke on his behalf at debates on television. In the elections held on March 4, Zyuganov took second place, gaining about 17 percent of the vote, while Prime Minister Putin received almost 64 percent, which made it possible not to hold a second round of voting. Zyuganov did not recognize the election results.
Communist Party of the Russian Federation today: strength, regional structure, financing
Despite the fact that at the time of its founding the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was the most massive party in Russia, its numbers gradually decreased. In 1995, the party consisted of 550 thousand people, and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation had branches in all subjects of the federation, excluding Chechnya. Eleven years later, in 2006, only 184 thousand people were registered as members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the communists stated the fact that the “natural decline” of party members (48 percent of whom were over 60 years old) amounted to 21 thousand people per year, and only 9.8 thousand new people joined per year. As of 2011, the number of the party was 154 thousand people, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation had branches in 81 constituent entities of the federation, in addition, each of them had many local branches, 2308 in total.
In 2007, revenues for the implementation of the statutory activities of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation amounted to almost 528 million rubles. In the crisis year of 2008, the main source of financing for the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was funds from the state budget: then they amounted to 206 million rubles. The party received another 66 million in donations from individuals and legal entities, and financial receipts from entrance and membership fees amounted to almost 52 million rubles. In total, taking into account receipts in the form of “other property” (except money), the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received almost 360 million rubles in 2008. In 2009, this amount increased to 379 million, and in 2010 - to 488 million.
The "main party newspaper" of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is the newspaper "Pravda", the official journal of the party is "Political Education". Another publication close to the communists is Sovetskaya Rossiya, which, nevertheless, calls itself an “independent people's newspaper.” The Communist Party of the Russian Federation also has many regional party publications; their number in 2009 was estimated at 87 units.
Used materials
Kirill Brainin. The final results of the presidential elections in Russia have been summed up - Vladimir Putin was elected in the first round. - First channel, 10.03.2012
Zyuganov does not recognize the results of the presidential elections. - ITAR-TASS, 04.03.2012
Russia-24: Debate Zyuganov (confidant Udaltsov) - Prokhorov (confidant Lyubimov). - , 02/25/2012
Foreigners are indignant: Medvedev admitted that Yeltsin did not win in 1996, but everyone is silent. - NEWSru.com, 24.02.2012
Udaltsov became a confidant of Russian presidential candidate Zyuganov. - RIA News, 22.02.2012
Kremlin: Medvedev did not claim that Yeltsin’s victory in the 1996 presidential election was rigged. - Gazeta.Ru, 21.02.2012
Evgenia Zharkova. Zyuganov and Mironov will not come to the rally “For Fair Elections.” - New Region, 03.02.2012
Alexey Gorbachev. Popular protest does not need party colors. - Independent newspaper, 23.01.2012
Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation: criminal cases have been initiated. - BBC News, Russian service, 21.01.2012
Ruslan Thagushev, Alexey Bragin, Mikhail Surkov. Putin - no! Zyuganov - yes! - Communist Party of the Russian Federation (kprf.ru), 21.01.2012
G. Zyuganov teamed up with the Left Front before the presidential elections. - RBC, 17.01.2012
Tamara Ivanova. The leaders of four Duma parties have officially entered the presidential election campaign. - ITAR-TASS, 28.12.2011
Zyuganov, following Zhirinovsky, is registered as a presidential candidate. - Russian News Service, 28.12.2011
The rally against Sakharov failed to translate the number of people into the quality of ideas. - RIA News, 24.12.2011
Andrey Medvedev. Rally "For fair elections": organized and within the framework of the law. - Vesti.Ru, 24.12.2011
Zhukov and Melnikov were elected first vice-speakers of the Duma. - Interfax, 21.12.2011
Communist Ivan Melnikov has the second result after United Russia member Sergei Naryshkin in the election of Chairman of the State Duma. - Official website of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 21.12.2011
Four factions are registered in the State Duma of the sixth convocation. - RBC, 21.12.2011
Deputies from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation headed 6 committees of the new State Duma. - RBC, 21.12.2011
Zyuganov will head the Communist Party faction in the new Duma. - RIA News, 19.12.2011
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation holds a rally "For fair elections." - Vesti.Ru, 18.12.2011
Zyuganov has been nominated for president. - Infox.ru, 17.12.2011
Zyuganov ran for president. - Gazeta.Ru, 17.12.2011
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party called the rallies on Bolotnaya “orange leprosy.” - RBC, 14.12.2011
The Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation announced the official results of the State Duma elections. - RBC, 09.12.2011
Communist Party of the Russian Federation about election fraud: Society will not leave it like that. - IA Rosbalt, 05.12.2011
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is preparing to challenge the election results in court. - BFM.ru, 05.12.2011
So who are you, Mr. Zyuganov? - ROIIVS "Rusichi", 09.11.2011
On registration of the federal list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the sixth convocation, nominated by the Political Party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation". - Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (www.cikrf.ru), 14.10.2011. - № 45/374-6
Small party on the left. - Gazeta.Ru, 23.08.2011
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation will present the People's Militia being created in Nizhny Novgorod. - RIA News, 15.07.2011
Zyuganov began to form a national militia in Nizhny Novgorod. - Interfax-Volga region, 15.07.2011
Alexander Kynev. Boycott utopia. - Gazeta.Ru, 13.07.2011
Stanislav Kuvaldin. Elections on the eve. - Expert, 21.03.2011. - № 11 (745)
Four mayors joined United Russia. - Days.ru, 25.02.2011
Ekaterina Vinokurova. United Russia was offended by the communist governor. - Gazeta.Ru, 08.02.2011
Anna Zakatnova. Forever Young. - Russian newspaper, 02/07/2011. - Federal issue No. 5400 (24)
N.V. Fokina. Results of 2010. Monitoring of protest activity. - Communist Party of the Russian Federation (kprf.ru), 12.01.2011
List of regional branches of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. - , 01/01/2011
Election Day: United Russia members celebrate victory, the rest are not complaining. - RIA News, 15.03.2010
Maxim Artemyev. Where did the Red Belt go? - Forbes.Ru, 21.01.2010
Arkady Lyubarev. How to improve elections. - Gazeta.Ru, 19.11.2009
Medvedev ordered the unification of regional electoral legislation following the example of the federal one. - NEWSru.com, 12.11.2009
Roman Badanin, Elizaveta Surnacheva, Ilya Azar, Maria Tsvetkova. Rough. - Gazeta.Ru, 27.10.2009
"Be smart conservatives." - Interfax, 27.10.2009
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation returned to the State Duma. - IA Rosbalt, 21.10.2009
As a sign of protest, three of the four factions left the meeting room of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. - IA REGNUM, 14.10.2009
S.E. Anikhovsky. Regional party press in the ideological, agitation and propaganda work of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (speech at the seminar). - , 07/19/2009
Give me a plan for anti-crisis measures of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation! Picket at the Central Bank in Moscow. - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 15.04.2009
Consolidated financial report of the political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation" (CPRF). - Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, 30.03.2009
G.A. Zyuganov in Interfax: The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a real political force capable of leading the country out of a severe crisis. - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 15.12.2008
Elina Bilevskaya, Victoria Kruchinina. Crisis in the service of the Communist Party. - Independent newspaper, 01.12.2008
Victor Khamraev. "The wind of history is blowing into our sails again." - Kommersant, 12/01/2008. - No. 218/P(4035)
XIII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation: The sixth term of Gennady Zyuganov. - Scylla (IEG Panorama), 01.12.2008
Sergei Reshulsky, deputy head of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma: “Only the voice of the communists constantly sounds in opposition to this stamping mechanism.” - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 28.06.2008
The Central Election Commission summed up the results of the presidential election. - Gazeta.Ru, 07.03.2008
The final results of the Russian presidential elections have been announced. - RBC, 07.03.2008
Victor Trushkov. "Pravda" about the anniversary of the party: Valentin Kuptsov recalls the events associated with the convening of the Second Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 12.02.2008
Yulia Malysheva. The Communists were left without governors. - Sight, 14.01.2008
The Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation registered Zyuganov as a presidential candidate. - RIA News, 26.12.2007
Four factions are registered in the new State Duma. - RIA News, 24.12.2007
List of registered deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation. - Russian newspaper, 19.12.2007
Kira Vasilyeva. Is image nothing? - New news, 17.12.2007
Victor Khamraev. Gennady Zyuganov advanced to the second round. - Kommersant, 17.12.2007. - № 232(3808)
State Duma Deputy Valery Rashkin: Voters will vote for our candidate Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov. - Official website of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 16.12.2007
Results of the elections of deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation. - Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (vybory.izbirkom.ru), 08.12.2007
United Russia has weak spots on the ground. - Kommersant Daily, 04.12.2007. - 223
Daria Guseva. The third version of socialism. - News time, 24.09.2007
"Patriots of Russia". The composition of the federal troika has been announced. - RIA Elections, 24.09.2007
The list for the State Duma elections from the Socialist Revolutionaries will be headed by Mironov. - RIA News, 23.09.2007
The Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation approved the party's election list. - RIA Elections, 22.09.2007
Valery Lavsky, Polina Dobrolyubova. Nikolai Kharitonov turned out to be undesirable for agriculture. - Kommersant, 02.07.2007. - № 113(3689)
The Kamchatka governor resigned. - Newspaper (Gzt.ru), 23.05.2007
Alexey Pushkov: "A Just Russia" can compete with the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party for second place in the 2007 elections. - Website of the party "A Just Russia", 28.02.2007
Andrey Sorokin. Heirs of the CPSU. - Alternatives, 06.11.2006. - №2
Anna Tkach. The goal is the triumph of justice. - Parliamentary newspaper, 30.10.2006. - №2029(1398)
Natalia Kharlamova. Nobody thought that the country's development would go like this. - Polit.ru, 26.09.2006
Semyon Goncharov. The Kremlin approved the Party of Life as the opposition. - KM.ru, 17.08.2006
"Dictatorship of conscience." Interview with N. Gubenko. - Soviet Russia, 17.08.2006
Mikhail Tulsky. DPR: history of the conflict. - Political News Agency, 02.08.2006
Dmitry Kamyshev. Twins again. - Kommersant-Vlast, 31.07.2006. - №30 (684)
Alla Barakhova, Viktor Khamraev, Yuri Chernega, Mikhail Fishman. "Motherland" was given a new life. - Kommersant, 26.07.2006. - 135
The Russian Party of Life and the Rodina party decided to unite. - RIA News, 25.07.2006
Victor Anpilov. - Echo of Moscow, 11.07.2006
Tamara Zamyatina. "I'm tired of different stories!" - Moscow news, 06.07.2006
The plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation will set the task of increasing the size of the party 3 times. - FORUM.msk, 17.06.2006
Results of the presidential elections - 2004 (Sun 14 March 2004). - Politics, electronic periodical, 25.04.2006
Agenda of the meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation dated April 10, 2006. - Bulletin of organizational, party and personnel work of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 21.04.2006. - №7 (37)
Nadezhda Ivanitskaya. Governors are draft dodgers. - Vedomosti, 21.03.2006
Ekaterina Golovina. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation will play democracy. - News, 31.10.2005
Charter of the political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation". - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 29.10.2005
