Prince Andrei, who thought that it was all the same to him whether Moscow was taken or not taken the way Smolensk was taken, suddenly stopped in his speech from an unexpected convulsion that seized him by the throat. He walked several times in silence, but his eyes shone feverishly, and his lip quivered when he began to speak again:
– If there was no generosity in the war, then we would go only when it is worth it to go to certain death, as now. Then there would be no war because Pavel Ivanovich offended Mikhail Ivanovich. And if the war is like now, then the war. And then the intensity of the troops would not be the same as now. Then all these Westphalians and Hessians, who are led by Napoleon, would not have followed him to Russia, and we would not have gone to fight in Austria and Prussia, without knowing why. War is not a courtesy, but the most disgusting thing in life, and one must understand this and not play war. This terrible necessity must be understood strictly and seriously. All in this: put aside lies, and war is war, not a toy. Otherwise, war is the favorite pastime of idle and frivolous people ... The military estate is the most honorable. And what is war, what is needed for success in military affairs, what are the morals of a military society? The purpose of the war is murder, the weapons of war are espionage, treason and encouragement of it, the ruin of the inhabitants, robbing them or stealing for the food of the army; deceit and lies, called stratagems; morals of the military class - lack of freedom, that is, discipline, idleness, ignorance, cruelty, debauchery, drunkenness. And despite that - this is the highest class, revered by all. All kings, except for the Chinese, wear a military uniform, and the one who killed the most people is given a greater reward ... They will come together, like tomorrow, to kill each other, kill, maim tens of thousands of people, and then they will serve thanksgiving prayers for having beaten many people (of which the number is still being added), and proclaim victory, believing that the more people are beaten, the greater the merit. How God watches and listens to them from there! Prince Andrei shouted in a thin, squeaky voice. - Ah, my soul, Lately It became hard for me to live. I see that I began to understand too much. And it’s not good for a person to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ... Well, and not for long! he added. “However, you are sleeping, and it’s time for me too, go to Gorki,” Prince Andrei suddenly said.
- Oh no! Pierre answered, looking at Prince Andrei with frightened, condoling eyes.
- Go, go: before the battle you need to get enough sleep, - Prince Andrei repeated. He quickly approached Pierre, hugged him and kissed him. "Goodbye, go," he shouted. - See you, no ... - And he hastily turned around and went into the barn.
It was already dark, and Pierre could not make out the expression that was on the face of Prince Andrei, whether it was malicious or gentle.
Pierre stood for some time in silence, considering whether to follow him or go home. "No, he doesn't need to! Pierre decided by himself, “and I know that this is our last meeting.” He sighed heavily and drove back to Gorki.
(L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace".)
Name the battle on the eve of which a conversation takes place between Prince Andrei and Pierre.
A significant part of this episode is occupied by a detailed statement of Prince Andrei about the war. What is the name of such a statement?
In the speech of Prince Andrei, there are emotional and evaluative definitions (“terrible necessity”, “idle and frivolous people”). What is the name of this medium of artistic expression?
This episode shows internal state Prince Andrew. What is the term for an image mental life person in work of art?
How did L.N. Tolstoy about the inhuman nature of the war?
What brings together the image of the war in L.N. Tolstoy and Russian writers of the 20th century? (Include the names of writers and the titles of their works in your answer.)
Prince Andrei, who thought that it was all the same to him whether Moscow was taken or not taken the way Smolensk was taken, suddenly stopped in his speech from an unexpected convulsion that seized him by the throat. He walked several times in silence, but his eyes shone feverishly, and his lip trembled when he began to speak again:
– If there was no generosity in the war, then we would go only when it is worth it to go to certain death, as now. Then there would be no war because Pavel Ivanovich offended Mikhail Ivanovich. And if the war is like now, then the war. And then the intensity of the troops would not be the same as now. Then all these Westphalians and Hessians, who are led by Napoleon, would not have followed him to Russia, and we would not have gone to fight in Austria and Prussia, without knowing why. War is not a courtesy, but the most disgusting thing in life, and one must understand this and not play war. This terrible necessity must be understood strictly and seriously. All in this: put aside lies, and war is war, not a toy. Otherwise, war is the favorite pastime of idle and frivolous people ... The military estate is the most honorable. And what is war, what is needed for success in military affairs, what are the morals of a military society? The purpose of the war is murder, the weapons of war are espionage, treason and encouragement of it, the ruin of the inhabitants, robbing them or stealing for the food of the army; deceit and lies, called stratagems; morals of the military class - lack of freedom, that is, discipline, idleness, ignorance, cruelty, debauchery, drunkenness. And despite that - this is the highest class, revered by all. All kings, except for the Chinese, wear a military uniform, and the one who killed the most people is given a greater reward ... They will come together, like tomorrow, to kill each other, kill, maim tens of thousands of people, and then they will serve thanksgiving prayers for having beaten many people (of which the number is still being added), and proclaim victory, believing that the more people are beaten, the greater the merit. How God watches and listens to them from there! Prince Andrei shouted in a thin, squeaky voice. “Ah, my soul, lately it has become hard for me to live. I see that I began to understand too much. And it’s not good for a person to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ... Well, and not for long! he added. “However, you are sleeping, and it’s time for me too, go to Gorki,” Prince Andrei suddenly said.
- Oh no! Pierre answered, looking at Prince Andrei with frightened, condoling eyes.
- Go, go: before the battle you need to get enough sleep, - Prince Andrei repeated. He quickly approached Pierre, hugged him and kissed him. "Goodbye, go," he shouted. - See you, no ... - And he hastily turned around and went into the barn.
It was already dark, and Pierre could not make out the expression that was on the face of Prince Andrei, whether it was malicious or gentle.
Pierre stood for some time in silence, considering whether to follow him or go home. "No, he doesn't need to! Pierre decided by himself, “and I know that this is our last meeting.” He sighed heavily and drove back to Gorki.
(L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace".)
Name the battle on the eve of which a conversation takes place between Prince Andrei and Pierre.
Specify the genre to which "War and Peace" belongs.
In the speech of Prince Andrei, there are emotional and evaluative definitions (“terrible necessity”, “idle and frivolous people”). What is the name of this tool artistic expressiveness?
A significant part of this episode is occupied by a detailed statement of Prince Andrei about the war. What is the name of such a statement?
This episode shows the internal state of Prince Andrei. What is the term for the depiction of the spiritual life of a person in a work of art?
In this episode, the image of Prince Andrei is revealed objectively in connection with the laws of the era. What literary direction is the second half of XIX centuries considered this principle to be the main one in the depiction of reality?
8. How L.N. Tolstoy about the inhuman nature of the war?
9. What brings together the image of the war in L.N. Tolstoy and Russian writers of the 20th century? (Include the names of writers and the titles of their works in your answer.)
Shortly after the little princess, a massive, fat young man with a cropped head, wearing glasses, light trousers in the fashion of the time, with a high frill and in a brown tailcoat, entered. This fat young man was the illegitimate son of the famous Catherine's nobleman, Count Bezukhov, who was now dying in Moscow. He has not served anywhere yet, he has just arrived from abroad, where he was brought up, and was the first time in society. Anna Pavlovna greeted him with a bow, referring to people of the lowest hierarchy in her salon. But, despite this inferior greeting, at the sight of Pierre entering, Anna Pavlovna displayed anxiety and fear, similar to that which is expressed at the sight of something too huge and unusual for the place. Although Pierre was indeed somewhat larger than the other men in the room, this fear could only relate to that intelligent and at the same time timid, observant and natural look that distinguished him from everyone in this living room.
- C "est bien aimable à vous, monsieur Pierre, d" être venu voir une pauvre malade11, Anna Pavlovna told him, exchanging frightened glances with her aunt, to whom she brought him. Pierre murmured something incomprehensible and continued to look for something with his eyes. He smiled joyfully, cheerfully, bowing to the little princess as if he were a close friend, and went up to his aunt. Anna Pavlovna's fear was not in vain, because Pierre, without listening to his aunt's speech about her majesty's health, moved away from her. Anna Pavlovna stopped him in fright with the words:
"You don't know Abbe Morio?" He is very interesting person... - she said.
– Yes, I heard about his plan for eternal peace, and it is very interesting, but hardly possible...
“Do you think? ..” Anna Pavlovna said, in order to say something and turn again to her occupations as a mistress of the house, but Pierre did the opposite impoliteness. Before he, without listening to the words of his interlocutor, left; now he stopped his interlocutor with his conversation, who needed to leave him. Bending his head and spreading his big legs, he began to prove to Anna Pavlovna why he believed that the abbot's plan was a chimera.
"We'll talk later," said Anna Pavlovna, smiling.
And, having got rid of a young man who did not know how to live, she returned to her occupations as a mistress of the house and continued to listen and look, ready to give help to the point where the conversation was weakening. As the owner of a spinning workshop, having put the workers in their places, walks around the establishment, noticing immobility or an unusual, creaking, too loud noise the spindle, hurriedly walks, restrains or sets it in its proper course - so Anna Pavlovna, pacing around her drawing room, would approach the mug that was silent or talking too much and with one word or movement would again start a regular, decent conversational machine. But among these worries, one could still see in her a special fear for Pierre. She glanced at him solicitously as he approached to listen to what was said about Mortemart, and went to another circle where the abbe was speaking. For Pierre, brought up abroad, this evening of Anna Pavlovna was the first he saw in Russia.
1 It is very kind of you, Monsieur Pierre, that you have come to visit the poor sick woman (fr.).
(L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace")
What is the name of the means of creating the image of the hero, based on the description of his appearance: “... a massive, fat young man with a cropped head, glasses, light trousers in the then fashion, with a high frill and in a brown tailcoat”?
Indicate the genre to which the work of L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".
- “Just as the owner of a spinning workshop, having put the workers in their places, walks around the establishment ... so Anna Pavlovna, walking around her living room, approached a mug that was silent or talked too much ...” What is the name of the artistic technique highlighted in this quote?
Enter the name of Anna Pavlovna, the owner of the salon.
Name the city where the events described by the author take place.
Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and the facts of their further fate.
CHARACTERS FACTS
A) Pierre Bezukhov 1) arranges an evening on the day of the Battle of Borodino
B) Anna Pavlovna 2) gives carts to the wounded in Moscow
C) the little princess 3) is captured
4) dies
Indicate a term that denotes a sharp clash of characters depicted in this episode.
8. Why does Pierre stand out sharply among the other guests of Anna Pavlovna?
9. Which of the heroes of Russian literature, like Pierre Bezukhov, differed sharply from the society in which he was? Justify your answer by indicating the authors and their works.
Pierre, having come forward, like a domestic person, went into the office of Prince Andrei and immediately, out of habit, lay down on the sofa, took the first book that came across from the shelf (these were Caesar's Notes) and began, leaning on his elbows, to read it from the middle.
– What did you do with Mademoiselle Scherer? She will be completely ill now, ”said Prince Andrei, entering the office and rubbing his small white hands.
Pierre turned his whole body so that the sofa creaked, turned his animated face to Prince Andrei, smiled and waved his hand.
- No, this abbot is very interesting, but he just doesn’t understand the matter ... In my opinion, eternal peace possible, but I don't know how to say it... But not by political equilibrium.
Prince Andrei was apparently not interested in these abstract conversations.
- You can’t, mon cher11, everywhere you say everything you just think. So, have you finally decided on something? Will you be a cavalry guard or a diplomat? asked Prince Andrei after a moment's silence.
Pierre sat down on the sofa, tucking his legs under him.
You can imagine, I still don't know. I don't like either one.
“But you have to make a decision, don’t you? Your father is waiting.
Pierre, from the age of ten, was sent abroad with the tutor-abbot, where he stayed until the age of twenty. When he returned to Moscow, his father released the abbot and said young man: “Now you go to St. Petersburg, look around and choose. I agree to everything. Here's a letter for you to Prince Vasily, and here's some money for you. Write about everything, I will help you in everything. Pierre had been choosing a career for three months and did nothing. Prince Andrei told him about this choice. Pierre rubbed his forehead.
“But he must be a Freemason,” he said, referring to the abbot whom he had seen at the party.
- All this is nonsense, - Prince Andrei stopped him again, - let's talk about the case. Were you in the Horse Guards?
- No, I wasn't, but that's what came to my mind, and I wanted to tell you. Now the war against Napoleon. If it was a war for freedom, I would understand, I would be the first to enter military service; but help England and Austria against the greatest man in the world... it's not good.
Prince Andrei only shrugged his shoulders at Pierre's childish speeches. He pretended that such nonsense was not to be answered; but it was really difficult to answer this naive question with anything other than what Prince Andrei answered.
“If everyone fought only according to their convictions, there would be no war,” he said.
“That would be fine,” said Pierre.
Prince Andrew chuckled.
- It may very well be that it would be wonderful, but this will never happen ...
“Well, why are you going to war?” Pierre asked.
- For what? I do not know. So it is necessary. Besides, I'm going…” He stopped. “I am going because this life that I lead here, this life is not for me!
__________________________________________
1 My dear (fr.).
(L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace")
Indicate the genre to which "War and Peace" by L.N. Tolstoy.
What term is used to designate the expressive detail accented by the author, which carries a significant semantic and emotional load, for example, “little white hands” of Prince Andrei?
What is the name of Prince Vasily, to whom Pierre's father sends a letter.
What kind of comic, based on hidden mockery, is used in Prince Andrei's remark: “What did you do with mademoiselle Scherer? She's going to be really sick now…"?
Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and the facts of their future fate. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| CHARACTERS | FACTS OF FURTHER FATE |
|
Pierre does not want to fight Napoleon, and Prince Andrei, on the contrary, is going to war, because he is not satisfied with the life he leads. What is the name of such a compositional technique of opposing characters?
9. What heroes of Russian literature, like Pierre and Andrei, argue about life and social order? Indicate the authors and titles of the works in your answer.
All the interests that occupied Napoleon seemed so insignificant to him at that moment, his hero himself seemed so petty to him, with this petty vanity and joy of victory, in comparison with that high, just and kind sky that he saw and understood - that he did not could answer him.
Yes, and everything seemed so useless and insignificant in comparison with the strict and majestic structure of thought that caused in him the weakening of forces from the flow of blood, suffering and the imminent expectation of death. Looking into the eyes of Napoleon, Prince Andrei thought about the insignificance of greatness, the insignificance of life, which no one could understand the meaning of, and the even greater insignificance of death, the meaning of which no one could understand and explain from the living.
The emperor, without waiting for an answer, turned away and, driving off, turned to one of the chiefs:
“Let them take care of these gentlemen and take them to my bivouac; have my doctor Larrey examine their wounds. Goodbye, Prince Repnin. - And he, touching the horse, rode on at a gallop.
There was a radiance of self-satisfaction and happiness on his face.
The soldiers who brought Prince Andrei and removed from him the golden icon that they came across, hung on his brother by Princess Marya, seeing the kindness with which the emperor treated the prisoners, hastened to return the icon.
Prince Andrei did not see who and how put it on again, but on his chest, over and above his uniform, suddenly appeared a small icon on a small gold chain.
“It would be nice,” thought Prince Andrei, looking at this icon, which his sister hung on him with such feeling and reverence, “it would be nice if everything was as clear and simple as it seems to Princess Marya. How good it would be to know where to look for help in this life and what to expect after it there, beyond the grave! How happy and calm I would be if I could now say: Lord, have mercy on me!.. But to whom shall I say this? Either the power - indefinite, incomprehensible, which I not only cannot refer to, but which I cannot express in words - great all or nothing, - he said to himself, - or is this the God who is sewn up here,
in this amulet, Princess Mary? Nothing, nothing is true, except for the insignificance of everything that is clear to me, and the greatness of something incomprehensible, but the most important!
The stretcher moved. At every push he again felt unbearable pain; the feverish state intensified, and he began to rave. Those dreams of a father, wife, sister and future son and the tenderness that he experienced on the night before the battle, the figure of a small, insignificant Napoleon and above all the high sky - were the main basis of his feverish ideas.
Quiet life and calm family happiness in the Bald Mountains presented themselves to him. He was already enjoying this happiness when suddenly little Napoleon appeared with his indifferent, limited and happy look from the misfortune of others, and doubts, torments began, and only heaven promised peace.
(L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace")
What literary genre does War and Peace belong to?
What is the name of the literary movement whose principles are embodied in War and Peace?
What is the name and surname of the old prince - the owner of the Lysyye Gory estate.
The phrase "It would be nice ... if everything was as clear and simple as it seems to Princess Mary" is the beginning of Prince Andrei's statement, addressed to himself and not spoken aloud. What is the name of the technique used here?
What is the name of the question that does not require an answer: "But to whom will I tell this?"
Establish a correspondence between the characters of "War and Peace" and related to them plot situations.
For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| CHARACTERS | STORY SITUATIONS |
|||||||
|
What is the name of the opposition technique in a work of art (“insignificant” Napoleon and “high sky”)?
8. Why can this episode in the fate of Prince Andrei be called a turning point?
9. What heroes of Russian literature, like Prince Andrei, changed their views on life after suffering emotional upheavals, and in what way can these heroes be compared with Andrei Bolkonsky?
- Well, start! Dolokhov said.
“Well,” said Pierre, still smiling.
It was getting scary. It was obvious that the deed, which began so easily, could no longer be prevented by anything, that it went on by itself, already independently of the will of people, and had to be accomplished. Denisov was the first to come forward to the barrier and proclaimed:
- Since the "opponents" refused to "imitate", wouldn't you like to start: take pistols and, according to the word t "and begin to converge.
“G ... "az! Two! T" and! ... Denisov shouted angrily and stepped aside. Both walked along the trodden paths closer and closer, recognizing each other in the fog. The opponents had the right, converging to the barrier, to shoot whenever they wanted. Dolokhov walked slowly, without raising his pistol, peering with his light, shining, blue eyes in the face of your opponent. His mouth, as always, had a semblance of a smile on it.
- So when I want - I can shoot! - said Pierre, at the word three, he went forward with quick steps, straying from the beaten path and walking on solid snow. Pierre held the pistol outstretched forward right hand, apparently afraid of how not to kill himself from this pistol. He diligently put his left hand back, because he wanted to support his right hand with it, but he knew that this was impossible. After walking six steps and straying off the path into the snow, Pierre looked around at his feet, again quickly looked at Dolokhov and, pulling his finger, as he had been taught, fired. Never expecting this strong sound, Pierre flinched at his shot, then smiled at his own impression and stopped. The smoke, especially thick from the fog, prevented him from seeing at first; but the other shot he was waiting for did not come. Only Dolokhov's hurried steps were heard, and his figure appeared from behind the smoke. With one hand he held on to his left side, with the other he clutched a lowered pistol. His face was pale. Rostov ran up and said something to him.
- No ... no ... t, - Dolokhov said through his teeth, - no, it’s not over, - and taking a few more falling, hobbling steps to the very saber, he fell on the snow beside it. Left hand he was covered in blood, he wiped it on his coat and leaned on it. His face was pale, frowning and trembling.
- It's a pity ... - began Dolokhov, but could not immediately pronounce ... - Please, - he finished with an effort.
Pierre, barely holding back his sobs, ran to Dolokhov, and was about to cross the space separating the barriers, when Dolokhov shouted: - To the barrier! - and Pierre, realizing what was happening, stopped at his saber. Only 10 steps separated them. Dolokhov lowered his head to the snow, greedily bit the snow, raised his head again, corrected himself, drew up his legs and sat down, looking for a firm center of gravity. He swallowed cold snow and sucked it; his lips trembled, but still smiling; eyes shone with the effort and malice of the latter assembled forces. He raised his pistol and took aim.
“Sideways, cover yourself with a pistol,” Nesvitsky said.
- Okay, "wait!" - unable to stand it, even Denisov shouted to his opponent. Pierre, with a meek smile of regret and remorse, helplessly spreading his legs and arms, stood straight in front of Dolokhov with his broad chest and looked sadly at him. Denisov, Rostov and Nesvitsky closed their eyes. at the same time they heard a shot and Dolokhov's angry cry.
- Past! - shouted Dolokhov and powerlessly lay down on the snow with his face down. Pierre clutched his head and, turning back, went into the forest, walking entirely in the snow and saying aloud incomprehensible words:
"Stupid... stupid!" Death... a lie... - he kept grimacing. Nesvitsky stopped him and took him home. Rostov and Denisov carried the wounded Dolokhov. Dolokhov, silently, with closed eyes, lay in the sleigh and did not answer the questions that were put to him; but, having entered Moscow, he suddenly came to himself and, raising his head with difficulty, took Rostov, who was sitting beside him, by the hand. Rostov was struck by the completely changed and unexpectedly enthusiastic tender expression of Dolokhov's face.
- Well? How do you feel? Rostov asked.
- Bad! but that's not the point. My friend, - said Dolokhov in a broken voice, - where are we? We are in Moscow, I know. I'm fine, but I killed her, killed her... She can't take it. She won't bear...
- Who? Rostov asked.
- My mother. My mother, my angel, my adored angel, mother, - and Dolokhov began to cry, squeezing Rostov's hand. When he calmed down somewhat, he explained to Rostov that he was living with his mother, that if his mother saw him dying, she would not be able to bear it. He begged Rostov to go to her and prepare her.
Rostov went ahead to carry out the assignment and, to his great surprise, found out that Dolokhov, this brawler, Dolokhov, lived in Moscow with an old mother and a hunchbacked sister and was the most tender son and brother.
(L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace")
Indicate the term that is used in a work of art to refer to the contradiction underlying the development of an action, in this case- a quarrel that led Pierre and Dolokhov to a duel.
What is the name of a means of artistic expression in literary criticism, which is a figurative definition expressing the author's attitude to the characters: Pierre's "meek smile", Dolokhov's "evil cry", etc.?
What means of characterization of the hero is created with the help of detailed description his appearance: “Dolokhov walked slowly, peering with his bright, brilliant, blue eyes into the face of his opponent ...
Which of the three literary genera, traditionally distinguished by a number of features (the subject of the image, the method of image, etc.), is the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
What term is used to describe the method of opposition, which allows the author to indicate the complexity and inconsistency of Dolokhov's character: "a brawler, a bully-Dolokhov ... was the most tender son and brother"?
What stylistic device, characteristic of L.N. Tolstoy, helps the reader to feel the sincerity of Dolokhov's feelings: “... I killed her, I killed ... She will not bear it. She will not bear... My mother. My mother, my angel, my beloved angel, mother…”?
8. What is the ambiguity of Dolokhov's character?
9. What heroes of Russian literature, according to the authors, show qualities of character that are unexpected for other characters and readers?
Part 1Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7, C1.
Prince Andrei, who thought that it was all the same to him whether Moscow was taken or not taken the way Smolensk was taken, suddenly stopped in his speech from an unexpected convulsion that seized him by the throat. He walked several times in silence, but his eyes shone feverishly, and his lip quivered when he began to speak again.
If there were no generosity in the war, then we would go only when it is worth it to go to certain death, as now. Then there would be no war because Pavel Ivanovich offended Mikhail Ivanovich. And if the war is like now, then the war. And then the intensity of the troops would not be the same as now. Then all these Westphalians and Hessians, who are led by Napoleon, would not have followed him to Russia, and we would not have gone to fight in Austria and Prussia, without knowing why. War is not a courtesy, but the most disgusting thing in life, and one must understand this and not play war. This terrible necessity must be understood strictly and seriously. All in this: put aside lies, and war is war, not a toy. Otherwise, war is the favorite pastime of idle and frivolous people ... The military estate is the most honorable. And what is war, what is needed for success in military affairs, what are the morals of a military society? The purpose of the war is murder, the weapons of war are espionage, treason and encouragement of it, the ruin of the inhabitants, robbing them or stealing for the food of the army; deceit and lies, called stratagems; morals of the military class - lack of freedom, that is, discipline, idleness, ignorance, cruelty, debauchery, drunkenness. And despite that - this is the highest class, revered by all. All kings, except for the Chinese, wear a military uniform, and the one who killed the most people is given a big reward ... They will come together, like tomorrow, to kill each other, kill, maim tens of thousands of people, and then prayers of thanksgiving will be served for having died many people (of which the number is still being added), and proclaim victory, believing that the more people are beaten, the greater the merit. How God watches and listens to them from there! Prince Andrei shouted in a thin, squeaky voice. “Ah, my soul, lately it has become hard for me to live. I see that I began to understand too much. And it’s not good for a person to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ... Well, and not for long! he added. “However, you are sleeping, and it’s time for me too, go to Gorki,” Prince Andrei suddenly said.
Oh no! Pierre answered, looking at Prince Andrei with frightened, condoling eyes.
Go, go: before the battle you need to get enough sleep, - repeated Prince Andrei. He quickly approached Pierre, hugged him and kissed him. "Goodbye, go," he shouted. - See you, no ... - And he hastily turned around and went into the barn.
It was already dark, and Pierre could not make out the expression that was on the face of Prince Andrei, whether it was malicious or gentle.
Pierre stood for some time in silence, considering whether to follow him or go home. "No, he doesn't need to! - Pierre decided by himself, - and I know that this is our last meeting. He sighed heavily and drove back to Gorki.
(L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace")
When completing tasks B1-B6, write down your answer in the answer sheet No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell. The answer must be given in the form of a word or a combination of words. Write each letter in a separate cell legibly. Write words without spaces, punctuation marks and quotation marks.
IN 1. Name the battle on the eve of which a conversation takes place between Prince Andrei and Pierre.
IN 2. Specify the genre to which "War and Peace" belongs.
IN 3. In this episode, the image of Prince Andrei is revealed objectively in connection with the laws of the era. What literary trend of the second half of the 19th century considered this principle to be the main one in depicting reality?
AT 4. A significant part of this episode is occupied by a detailed statement of Prince Andrei about the war. What is the name of such a statement?
AT 5. This episode shows the internal state of Prince Andrei. What is the term for the depiction of the spiritual life of a person in a work of art?
AT 6. In the speech of Prince Andrei, there are emotional and evaluative definitions (“terrible necessity”, “idle and frivolous people”). What is the name of this medium of artistic expression?
To complete tasks C1, use the answer sheet No. 2. Write down the task number first, and then give a coherent answer to the question in the amount of 5-10 sentences.
C1. How was Tolstoy's thought about the inhuman character of war embodied in this episode?
Part 2.
Read the poem below and complete tasks B7-B11, C2.
CLOUD
The last cloud of the scattered storm!
Alone you rush through the clear azure,
You alone cast a sad shadow,
You alone grieve the jubilant day.
You recently circled the sky,
And lightning menacingly hugged you;
And you gave a mysterious thunder
And watered the greedy earth with rain.
That's enough, hide! The time has passed
The earth was refreshed and the storm passed
And the wind, caressing the leaves of the trees,
Drives you from the calm heavens.
(A.S. Pushkin)
AT 7. What is the name of the type of rhyme that Pushkin uses in the poem "Cloud"?
AT 8. Indicate the name of the artistic device used by Pushkin in the following lines:
One you rushing through the clear azure,
One you cast a gloomy shadow
One you you grieve the jubilant day.
AT 9. What is the name of the method of "humanization" of phenomena natural world, which Pushkin resorts to, drawing the image of "the last cloud of the scattered storm"? Specify a term.
AT 10 O'CLOCK. What is the artistic technique based on the opposition of heterogeneous phenomena (“a dull shadow” - “a jubilant day”)?
AT 11. name artistic medium, which is repeatedly used in the poem and enhances the emotional sound of images (“clear azure”, “greedy land”, “dull shadow”, etc.)?
To complete tasks C2, use the answer sheet No. 2. First write down the task number, and then give a coherent answer to the question in the amount of 5-10 sentences.
C2. Which of the Russian poets followed the Pushkin tradition in depicting nature and man?
Part 3
To complete the task of part 3, use the answer sheet No. 2. Give a full detailed answer to the problematic question (in the amount of at least 200 words), attracting the necessary theoretical and literary knowledge, based on literary works, the position of the author and, if possible, revealing his own vision of the problem
C3. How do you understand the critic's words about the image of Akaky Akakievich: through "cold, vicious humor" sounds "common, universal, Christian love"? (According to the story of N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat")
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
"War and Peace"
How did the meeting with Platon Karataev influence the worldview of Pierre Bezukhov? (Based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
How does the image of Natasha Rostova reveal the statement of L.N. Tolstoy that "the essence of her life is love"?
Like L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" answers the question: "What power controls everything?"
What is the role of Natasha Rostova in the fate of Andrei Bolkonsky? (According to the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".)
What role, according to L.N. Tolstoy, guerrilla war played in Patriotic War 1812? (Based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Can Nikolai Rostov be called internally a free man? (According to the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".) Argue your answer.
As in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" embodied the author's conviction that one of the greatest delusions consists in defining a person as “smart, stupid, kind, evil, strong, weak, and a person is everything: all possibilities, there is a fluid substance”?
What is, according to L.N. Tolstoy, "real life" and which of the heroes of the novel "War and Peace" lives such a life?
Prince Andrei, who thought that it was all the same to him whether Moscow was taken or not taken the way Smolensk was taken, suddenly stopped in his speech from an unexpected convulsion that seized him by the throat. He walked several times in silence, but his eyes shone feverishly, and his lip trembled when he began to speak again:
– If there was no generosity in the war, then we would go only when it is worth it to go to certain death, as now. Then there would be no war because Pavel Ivanovich offended Mikhail Ivanovich. And if the war is like now, then the war. And then the intensity of the troops would not be the same as now. Then all these Westphalians and Hessians, who are led by Napoleon, would not have followed him to Russia, and we would not have gone to fight in Austria and Prussia, without knowing why. War is not a courtesy, but the most disgusting thing in life, and one must understand this and not play war. This terrible necessity must be understood strictly and seriously. All in this: put aside lies, and war is war, not a toy. Otherwise, war is the favorite pastime of idle and frivolous people ... The military estate is the most honorable. And what is war, what is needed for success in military affairs, what are the morals of a military society? The purpose of the war is murder, the weapons of war are espionage, treason and encouragement of it, the ruin of the inhabitants, robbing them or stealing for the food of the army; deceit and lies, called stratagems; morals of the military class - lack of freedom, that is, discipline, idleness, ignorance, cruelty, debauchery, drunkenness. And despite that - this is the highest class, revered by all. All kings, except for the Chinese, wear a military uniform, and the one who killed the most people is given a greater reward ... They will come together, like tomorrow, to kill each other, kill, maim tens of thousands of people, and then they will serve thanksgiving prayers for having beaten many people (of which the number is still being added), and proclaim victory, believing that the more people are beaten, the greater the merit. How God watches and listens to them from there! Prince Andrei shouted in a thin, squeaky voice. “Ah, my soul, lately it has become hard for me to live. I see that I began to understand too much. And it’s not good for a person to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ... Well, and not for long! he added. “However, you are sleeping, and it’s time for me too, go to Gorki,” Prince Andrei suddenly said.
- Oh no! Pierre answered, looking at Prince Andrei with frightened, condoling eyes.
- Go, go: before the battle you need to get enough sleep, - Prince Andrei repeated. He quickly approached Pierre, hugged him and kissed him. "Goodbye, go," he shouted. - See you, no ... - And he hastily turned around and went into the barn.
It was already dark, and Pierre could not make out the expression that was on the face of Prince Andrei, whether it was malicious or gentle.
Pierre stood for some time in silence, considering whether to follow him or go home. "No, he doesn't need to! Pierre decided by himself, “and I know that this is our last meeting.” He sighed heavily and drove back to Gorki.
Name the battle on the eve of which a conversation takes place between Prince Andrei and Pierre.
Specify the genre to which "War and Peace" belongs.
In the speech of Prince Andrei, there are emotional and evaluative definitions (“terrible necessity”, “idle and frivolous people”). What is the name of this medium of artistic expression?
A significant part of this episode is occupied by a detailed statement of Prince Andrei about the war. What is the name of such a statement?
This episode shows the internal state of Prince Andrei. What is the term for the depiction of the spiritual life of a person in a work of art?
In this episode, the image of Prince Andrei is revealed objectively in connection with the laws of the era. What literary trend of the second half of the 19th century considered this principle to be the main one in depicting reality?
How did L.N. Tolstoy about the inhuman nature of the war?
What brings together the image of the war in L.N. Tolstoy and Russian writers of the 20th century? (Include the names of writers and the titles of their works in your answer.)
Shortly after the little princess, a massive, fat young man with a cropped head, wearing glasses, light trousers in the fashion of the time, with a high frill and in a brown tailcoat, entered. This fat young man was the illegitimate son of the famous Catherine's nobleman, Count Bezukhov, who was now dying in Moscow. He has not served anywhere yet, he has just arrived from abroad, where he was brought up, and was the first time in society. Anna Pavlovna greeted him with a bow, referring to people of the lowest hierarchy in her salon. But, despite this inferior greeting, at the sight of Pierre entering, Anna Pavlovna displayed anxiety and fear, similar to that which is expressed at the sight of something too huge and unusual for the place. Although Pierre was indeed somewhat larger than the other men in the room, this fear could only relate to that intelligent and at the same time timid, observant and natural look that distinguished him from everyone in this living room.
- C "est bien aimable à vous, monsieur Pierre, d" être venu voir une pauvre malade11, Anna Pavlovna told him, exchanging frightened glances with her aunt, to whom she brought him. Pierre murmured something incomprehensible and continued to look for something with his eyes. He smiled joyfully, cheerfully, bowing to the little princess as if he were a close friend, and went up to his aunt. Anna Pavlovna's fear was not in vain, because Pierre, without listening to his aunt's speech about her majesty's health, moved away from her. Anna Pavlovna stopped him in fright with the words:
"You don't know Abbe Morio?" He is a very interesting person…” she said.
– Yes, I heard about his plan for eternal peace, and it is very interesting, but hardly possible...
“Do you think? ..” Anna Pavlovna said, in order to say something and turn again to her occupations as a mistress of the house, but Pierre did the opposite impoliteness. Before he, without listening to the words of his interlocutor, left; now he stopped his interlocutor with his conversation, who needed to leave him. Bending his head and spreading his big legs, he began to prove to Anna Pavlovna why he believed that the abbot's plan was a chimera.
"We'll talk later," said Anna Pavlovna, smiling.
And, having got rid of a young man who did not know how to live, she returned to her occupations as a mistress of the house and continued to listen and look, ready to give help to the point where the conversation was weakening. Just as the owner of a spinning workshop, having seated the workers in their places, paces around the establishment, noticing the immobility or the unusual, creaking, too loud sound of the spindle, hastily walks, restrains or sets it in its proper course, so Anna Pavlovna, pacing around her drawing room, approached a mug that was silent or talked too much, and with one word or movement, it again started a regular, decent conversational machine. But among these worries, one could still see in her a special fear for Pierre. She glanced at him solicitously as he approached to listen to what was said about Mortemart, and went to another circle where the abbe was speaking. For Pierre, brought up abroad, this evening of Anna Pavlovna was the first he saw in Russia.
What is the name of the means of creating the image of the hero, based on the description of his appearance: “... a massive, fat young man with a cropped head, glasses, light trousers in the then fashion, with a high frill and in a brown tailcoat”?
Indicate the genre to which the work of L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".
“Just as the owner of a spinning workshop, having put the workers in their places, walks around the establishment ... so Anna Pavlovna, walking around her living room, approached a mug that was silent or talked too much ...” What is the name of the artistic technique highlighted in this quote?
Enter the name of Anna Pavlovna, the owner of the salon.
Name the city where the events described by the author take place.
Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and the facts of their future fate.
For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
CHARACTERS FACTS
A) Pierre Bezukhov
B) Anna Pavlovna
B) little princess
1) arranges an evening on the day of the Battle of Borodino
2) gives carts to the wounded in Moscow
3) is captured
4) dies
Which of the heroes of Russian literature, like Pierre Bezukhov, differed sharply from the society in which he was? Justify your answer by indicating the authors and their works.
Indicate a term that denotes a sharp clash of characters depicted in this episode.
Why does Pierre stand out sharply among the other guests of Anna Pavlovna?
Pierre, having come forward, like a domestic person, went into the office of Prince Andrei and immediately, out of habit, lay down on the sofa, took the first book that came across from the shelf (these were Caesar's Notes) and began, leaning on his elbows, to read it from the middle.
– What did you do with Mademoiselle Scherer? She will be completely ill now, ”said Prince Andrei, entering the office and rubbing his small white hands.
Pierre turned his whole body so that the sofa creaked, turned his animated face to Prince Andrei, smiled and waved his hand.
– No, this abbot is very interesting, but he just doesn’t understand the matter in such a way ... In my opinion, eternal peace is possible, but I don’t know how to say it ... But not by political equilibrium.
Prince Andrei was apparently not interested in these abstract conversations.
- You can’t, mon cher11, everywhere you say everything you just think. So, have you finally decided on something? Will you be a cavalry guard or a diplomat? asked Prince Andrei after a moment's silence.
Pierre sat down on the sofa, tucking his legs under him.
You can imagine, I still don't know. I don't like either one.
“But you have to make a decision, don’t you? Your father is waiting.
Pierre, from the age of ten, was sent abroad with the tutor-abbot, where he stayed until the age of twenty. When he returned to Moscow, his father released the abbot and said to the young man: “Now you go to Petersburg, look around and choose. I agree to everything. Here's a letter for you to Prince Vasily, and here's some money for you. Write about everything, I will help you in everything. Pierre had been choosing a career for three months and did nothing. Prince Andrei told him about this choice. Pierre rubbed his forehead.
“But he must be a Freemason,” he said, referring to the abbot whom he had seen at the party.
- All this is nonsense, - Prince Andrei stopped him again, - let's talk about the case. Were you in the Horse Guards?
- No, I wasn't, but that's what came to my mind, and I wanted to tell you. Now the war against Napoleon. If it were a war for freedom, I would understand, I would be the first to enter the military service; but helping England and Austria against the greatest man in the world... that's not good.
Prince Andrei only shrugged his shoulders at Pierre's childish speeches. He pretended that such nonsense was not to be answered; but it was really difficult to answer this naive question with anything other than what Prince Andrei answered.
“If everyone fought only according to their convictions, there would be no war,” he said.
“That would be fine,” said Pierre.
Prince Andrew chuckled.
- It may very well be that it would be wonderful, but this will never happen ...
“Well, why are you going to war?” Pierre asked.
- For what? I do not know. So it is necessary. Besides, I'm going…” He stopped. “I am going because this life that I lead here, this life is not for me!
Indicate the genre to which "War and Peace" by L.N. Tolstoy.
What term is used to designate the expressive detail accented by the author, which carries a significant semantic and emotional load, for example, “little white hands” of Prince Andrei?
What heroes of Russian literature, like Pierre and Andrei, argue about life and social order? Indicate the authors and titles of the works in your answer.
What is the name of Prince Vasily, to whom Pierre's father sends a letter.
What kind of comic, based on hidden mockery, is used in Prince Andrei's remark: “What did you do with mademoiselle Scherer? She's going to be really sick now…"?
Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and the facts of their future fate. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
CHARACTERS FACTS OF FURTHER FATE
A) Pierre Bezukhov
B) Andrei Bolkonsky
C) Pierre's father Count Bezukhov
1) dies in Moscow
2) loses a large sum in cards
3) marries Helen
4) participates in the reform projects of Speransky
- Well, start! Dolokhov said.
“Well,” said Pierre, still smiling.
It was getting scary. It was obvious that the deed, which began so easily, could no longer be prevented by anything, that it went on by itself, already independently of the will of people, and had to be accomplished. Denisov was the first to come forward to the barrier and proclaimed:
- Since the "opponents" refused to "imitate", wouldn't you like to start: take pistols and, according to the word t "and begin to converge.
“G ... "az! Two! T" and! ... Denisov shouted angrily and stepped aside. Both walked along the trodden paths closer and closer, recognizing each other in the fog. The opponents had the right, converging to the barrier, to shoot whenever they wanted. Dolokhov walked slowly, without raising his pistol, peering with his light, shining, blue eyes into the face of his opponent. His mouth, as always, had a semblance of a smile on it.
- So when I want - I can shoot! - said Pierre, at the word three, he went forward with quick steps, straying from the beaten path and walking on solid snow. Pierre held the pistol, stretching his right hand forward, apparently afraid of lest he kill himself with this pistol. He diligently put his left hand back, because he wanted to support his right hand with it, but he knew that this was impossible. After walking six steps and straying off the path into the snow, Pierre looked around at his feet, again quickly looked at Dolokhov and, pulling his finger, as he had been taught, fired. Not expecting such a strong sound, Pierre flinched at his shot, then smiled at his own impression and stopped. The smoke, especially thick from the fog, prevented him from seeing at first; but the other shot he was waiting for did not come. Only Dolokhov's hurried steps were heard, and his figure appeared from behind the smoke. With one hand he held on to his left side, with the other he clutched a lowered pistol. His face was pale. Rostov ran up and said something to him.
- No ... no ... t, - Dolokhov said through his teeth, - no, it’s not over, - and taking a few more falling, hobbling steps to the very saber, he fell on the snow beside it. His left hand was covered in blood, he wiped it on his coat and leaned on it. His face was pale, frowning and trembling.
- It's a pity ... - began Dolokhov, but could not immediately pronounce ... - Please, - he finished with an effort.
Pierre, barely holding back his sobs, ran to Dolokhov, and was about to cross the space separating the barriers, when Dolokhov shouted: - To the barrier! - and Pierre, realizing what was happening, stopped at his saber. Only 10 steps separated them. Dolokhov lowered his head to the snow, greedily bit the snow, raised his head again, corrected himself, drew up his legs and sat down, looking for a firm center of gravity. He swallowed cold snow and sucked it; his lips trembled, but still smiling; his eyes shone with the effort and malice of the last gathered strength. He raised his pistol and took aim.
“Sideways, cover yourself with a pistol,” Nesvitsky said.
- Okay, "wait!" - unable to stand it, even Denisov shouted to his opponent. Pierre, with a meek smile of regret and remorse, helplessly spreading his legs and arms, stood straight in front of Dolokhov with his broad chest and looked sadly at him. Denisov, Rostov and Nesvitsky closed their eyes. at the same time they heard a shot and Dolokhov's angry cry.
- Past! - shouted Dolokhov and powerlessly lay down on the snow with his face down. Pierre clutched his head and, turning back, went into the forest, walking entirely in the snow and aloud saying incomprehensible words:
"Stupid... stupid!" Death... a lie... - he kept grimacing. Nesvitsky stopped him and took him home. Rostov and Denisov carried the wounded Dolokhov. Dolokhov, silently, with closed eyes, lay in the sleigh and did not answer the questions that were put to him; but, having entered Moscow, he suddenly came to himself and, raising his head with difficulty, took Rostov, who was sitting beside him, by the hand. Rostov was struck by the completely changed and unexpectedly enthusiastic tender expression of Dolokhov's face.
- Well? How do you feel? Rostov asked.
- Bad! but that's not the point. My friend, - said Dolokhov in a broken voice, - where are we? We are in Moscow, I know. I'm fine, but I killed her, killed her... She can't take it. She won't bear...
- Who? Rostov asked.
- My mother. My mother, my angel, my adored angel, mother, - and Dolokhov began to cry, squeezing Rostov's hand. When he calmed down somewhat, he explained to Rostov that he was living with his mother, that if his mother saw him dying, she would not be able to bear it. He begged Rostov to go to her and prepare her.
Rostov went ahead to carry out the assignment and, to his great surprise, found out that Dolokhov, this brawler, Dolokhov, lived in Moscow with an old mother and a hunchbacked sister and was the most tender son and brother.
Indicate the term used in a work of art to describe the contradiction underlying the development of the action, in this case, the quarrel that led Pierre and Dolokhov to a duel.
What is the name of a means of artistic expression in literary criticism, which is a figurative definition expressing the author's attitude to the characters: Pierre's "meek smile", Dolokhov's "evil cry", etc.?
What means of characterizing the hero is created with the help of a detailed description of his appearance: “Dolokhov walked slowly,<…>peering with his bright, shining, blue eyes into the face of his opponent...
Which of the three literary genres, traditionally distinguished by a number of features (the subject of the image, the way of the image, etc.), does the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
What term is used to describe the method of opposition, which allows the author to indicate the complexity and inconsistency of Dolokhov's character: "a brawler, a bully-Dolokhov ... was the most tender son and brother"?
What stylistic device, characteristic of L.N. Tolstoy, helps the reader to feel the sincerity of Dolokhov's feelings: “... I killed her, I killed ... She will not bear it. She won't bear...<…>My mother. My mother, my angel, my beloved angel, mother…”?
What is the ambiguity of Dolokhov's character and what heroes of Russian literature, according to the authors, show qualities of character that are unexpected for other characters and readers?
BUT) prince Andrey 1) hatches a plan to assassinate Napoleon
B) Pierre 2) organizes a "pro-French" circle
IN) Helen 3) disappointed in Napoleon, leaving the idea of "his own Toulon"
4) participates in negotiations with Napoleon
Write your answer in numbers in the table and transfer it to the answer sheet No. 1.
7. What is the name of the opposition technique in a work of art (“insignificant” Napoleon and “high sky”)?
8. Why can this episode in the fate of Prince Andrei be called a turning point?
9. What heroes of Russian literature, like Prince Andrei, changed their views on life after suffering emotional upheavals, and in what way can these heroes be compared with Andrei Bolkonsky?
- Well, start! Dolokhov said.
“Well,” said Pierre, still smiling.
It was getting scary. It was obvious that the deed, which began so easily, could no longer be prevented by anything, that it went on by itself, already independently of the will of people, and had to be accomplished. Denisov was the first to come forward to the barrier and proclaimed:
- Since the "opponents" refused to "imitate", wouldn't you like to start: take pistols and, according to the word t "and begin to converge.
“G ... "az! Two! T" and! ... Denisov shouted angrily and stepped aside. Both walked along the trodden paths closer and closer, recognizing each other in the fog. The opponents had the right, converging to the barrier, to shoot whenever they wanted. Dolokhov walked slowly, without raising his pistol, peering with his light, shining, blue eyes into the face of his opponent. His mouth, as always, had a semblance of a smile on it.
- So when I want - I can shoot! - said Pierre, at the word three, he went forward with quick steps, straying from the beaten path and walking on solid snow. Pierre held the pistol, stretching his right hand forward, apparently afraid of lest he kill himself with this pistol. He diligently put his left hand back, because he wanted to support his right hand with it, but he knew that this was impossible. After walking six steps and straying off the path into the snow, Pierre looked around at his feet, again quickly looked at Dolokhov and, pulling his finger, as he had been taught, fired. Not expecting such a strong sound, Pierre flinched at his shot, then smiled at his own impression and stopped. The smoke, especially thick from the fog, prevented him from seeing at first; but the other shot he was waiting for did not come. Only Dolokhov's hurried steps were heard, and his figure appeared from behind the smoke. With one hand he held on to his left side, with the other he clutched a lowered pistol. His face was pale. Rostov ran up and said something to him.
- No ... no ... t, - Dolokhov said through his teeth, - no, it’s not over, - and taking a few more falling, hobbling steps to the very saber, he fell on the snow beside it. His left hand was covered in blood, he wiped it on his coat and leaned on it. His face was pale, frowning and trembling.
- It's a pity ... - began Dolokhov, but could not immediately pronounce ... - Please, - he finished with an effort.
Pierre, barely holding back his sobs, ran to Dolokhov, and was about to cross the space separating the barriers, when Dolokhov shouted: - To the barrier! - and Pierre, realizing what was happening, stopped at his saber. Only 10 steps separated them. Dolokhov lowered his head to the snow, greedily bit the snow, raised his head again, corrected himself, drew up his legs and sat down, looking for a firm center of gravity. He swallowed cold snow and sucked it; his lips trembled, but still smiling; his eyes shone with the effort and malice of the last gathered strength. He raised his pistol and took aim.
“Sideways, cover yourself with a pistol,” Nesvitsky said.
- Okay, "wait!" - unable to stand it, even Denisov shouted to his opponent. Pierre, with a meek smile of regret and remorse, helplessly spreading his legs and arms, stood straight in front of Dolokhov with his broad chest and looked sadly at him. Denisov, Rostov and Nesvitsky closed their eyes. at the same time they heard a shot and Dolokhov's angry cry.
- Past! - shouted Dolokhov and powerlessly lay down on the snow with his face down. Pierre clutched his head and, turning back, went into the forest, walking entirely in the snow and aloud saying incomprehensible words:
"Stupid... stupid!" Death... a lie... - he kept grimacing. Nesvitsky stopped him and took him home. Rostov and Denisov carried the wounded Dolokhov. Dolokhov, silently, with closed eyes, lay in the sleigh and did not answer the questions that were put to him; but, having entered Moscow, he suddenly came to himself and, raising his head with difficulty, took Rostov, who was sitting beside him, by the hand. Rostov was struck by the completely changed and unexpectedly enthusiastic tender expression of Dolokhov's face.
- Well? How do you feel? Rostov asked.
- Bad! but that's not the point. My friend, - said Dolokhov in a broken voice, - where are we? We are in Moscow, I know. I'm fine, but I killed her, killed her... She can't take it. She won't bear...
- Who? Rostov asked.
- My mother. My mother, my angel, my adored angel, mother, - and Dolokhov began to cry, squeezing Rostov's hand. When he calmed down somewhat, he explained to Rostov that he was living with his mother, that if his mother saw him dying, she would not be able to bear it. He begged Rostov to go to her and prepare her.
Rostov went ahead to carry out the assignment and, to his great surprise, found out that Dolokhov, this brawler, Dolokhov, lived in Moscow with an old mother and a hunchbacked sister and was the most tender son and brother.
(L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace")
1. What is the name of the literary movement, the principles of which are embodied in "War and Peace"?
2. Which of the three literary genres, traditionally distinguished by a number of features (subject of image, method of image, etc.), does the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
3. Indicate the term that is used in a work of art to refer to the contradiction underlying the development of the action, in this case, the quarrel that led Pierre and Dolokhov to a duel.
4. What is the name of a means of artistic expression in literary criticism, which is a figurative definition expressing the author's attitude to the characters: “ meek smile" Pierre, " evil cry "Dolokhov, etc.?
5. What means of characterizing the hero is created with the help of a detailed description of his appearance: “Dolokhov walked slowly,<…>peering with his bright, shining, blue eyes into the face of his opponent...
6. What is the term for the opposition technique, which allows the author to indicate the complexity and inconsistency of Dolokhov's character: “ brawler, breter- Dolokhov ... was the most gentle son and brother»?
7. What is the stylistic device characteristic of L.N. Tolstoy, helps the reader to feel the sincerity of Dolokhov's feelings: “... I killed her, I killed ... She will not bear it. She won't bear...<…>My mother. My mother, my angel, my beloved angel, mother…”?
8, 9. What is the ambiguity of Dolokhov's character and what heroes of Russian literature, according to the authors, show qualities of character that are unexpected for other characters and readers?
| 1. All the interests that occupied Napoleon seemed so insignificant to him at that moment, his hero himself seemed so petty to him, with this petty vanity and joy of victory, in comparison with that high, just and kind sky that he saw and understood - that he couldn't answer him. Yes, and everything seemed so useless and insignificant in comparison with the strict and majestic structure of thought that caused in him the weakening of forces from the flow of blood, suffering and the imminent expectation of death. Looking into the eyes of Napoleon, Prince Andrei thought about the insignificance of greatness, the insignificance of life, which no one could understand the meaning of, and the even greater insignificance of death, the meaning of which no one could understand and explain from the living. The emperor, without waiting for an answer, turned away and, driving off, turned to one of the commanders: “Let them take care of these gentlemen and take them to my bivouac; have my doctor Larrey examine their wounds. Goodbye, Prince Repnin. - And he, touching the horse, rode on at a gallop. There was a radiance of self-satisfaction and happiness on his face. The soldiers who brought Prince Andrei and removed from him the golden icon that they came across, hung on his brother by Princess Marya, seeing the kindness with which the emperor treated the prisoners, hastened to return the icon. Prince Andrei did not see who and how put it on again, but on his chest, over and above his uniform, suddenly appeared a small icon on a small gold chain. “It would be nice,” thought Prince Andrei, looking at this icon, which his sister hung on him with such feeling and reverence, “it would be nice if everything was as clear and simple as it seems to Princess Marya. How good it would be to know where to look for help in this life and what to expect after it there, beyond the grave! How happy and calm I would be if I could now say: Lord, have mercy on me!.. But to whom shall I say this? Either the power - indefinite, incomprehensible, which I not only cannot address, but which I cannot express in words - great everything or nothing, - he said to himself, - or this is the God who is sewn up here, in this amulet, Princess Mary? Nothing, nothing is true, except for the insignificance of everything that is clear to me, and the greatness of something incomprehensible, but the most important! The stretcher moved. At every push he again felt unbearable pain; the feverish state intensified, and he began to rave. Those dreams of a father, wife, sister and future son and the tenderness that he experienced on the night before the battle, the figure of a small, insignificant Napoleon and above all the high sky - were the main basis of his feverish ideas. A quiet life and calm family happiness in the Bald Mountains seemed to him. He was already enjoying this happiness when suddenly little Napoleon appeared with his indifferent, limited and happy look from the misfortune of others, and doubts, torments began, and only heaven promised peace. |
5 The phrase "It would be nice ... if everything was as clear and simple as it seems to Princess Mary" is the beginning of Prince Andrei's statement, addressed to himself and not spoken aloud. What is the name of the technique used here?
6 What is the name of the opposition technique in a work of art (“insignificant” Napoleon and “high sky”)?
7 What is the name of the question that does not require an answer: "But to whom will I tell this?"
8. On the material of the fragment (see above), in the amount of 5-10 sentences, give a detailed answer to the question “Why can this episode in the fate of Prince Andrei be called a turning point?”
9. In the amount of 5-10 sentences, give a detailed answer to the question “Which heroes of Russian literature, like Prince Andrei, changed their views on life after suffering mental upheavals, and in what way can these heroes be compared with Andrei Bolkonsky?”
17.2 . In the genre of an essay with a volume of at least 200 words, give an answer to the question “How L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" answers the question: "What power controls everything?"
The Tushin battery was forgotten, and only at the very end of the case, continuing to hear the cannonade in the center, Prince Bagration sent the staff officer on duty there and then Prince Andrei to order the battery to retreat as soon as possible. …
Because of the childish joy aroused by the fire, and the excitement of successful shooting at the French, our gunners noticed this battery only when two shots and after them four more hit between the guns and one knocked down two horses, and the other tore off the leg of the box leader. The revival, once established, however, did not weaken, but only changed the mood. The horses were replaced by others from the reserve carriage, the wounded were removed, and four guns turned against the ten-gun battery. The officer, Comrade Tushin, was killed at the beginning of the case, and in the course of an hour, out of forty servants, seventeen left, but the gunners were still cheerful and lively. Twice they noticed that below, close to them, the French showed up, and then they hit them with grapeshot.
Small man, with weak, awkward movements, constantly demanded from the batman another pipe for this, as he said, and, scattering fire from it, ran forward and looked at the French from under a small hand.
Crash guys! - he said, and he himself picked up the guns by the wheels and unscrewed the screws.
In the smoke, deafened by incessant shots that made him shudder every time, Tushin, without letting go of his nose warmer, ran from one gun to another, now aiming, now counting the charges, now ordering the change and re-harnessing of dead and wounded horses, and shouting to his weak, thin, indecisive voice. His face became more and more animated. Only when people were killed or wounded did he frown and, turning away from the dead, angrily shouted at the people, who, as always, hesitated to pick up the wounded or the body. soldiers, for the most part handsome fellows (as always in a battery company, two heads taller than their officer and twice as wide as him), all, like children in a difficult situation, looked at their commander, and the expression that was on his face was invariably reflected on their faces .
As a result of this terrible rumble, noise, need for attention and activity, Tushin did not experience the slightest unpleasant feeling of fear, and the thought that they might kill him or hurt him painfully did not occur to him. On the contrary, he became more and more cheerful. It seemed to him that a very long time ago, almost yesterday, there was that moment when he saw the enemy and fired the first shot, and that the patch of field on which he stood was a familiar, kindred place to him for a long time. Despite the fact that he remembered everything, thought everything, did everything that the best officer in his position could do, he was in a state similar to feverish delirium or the state of a drunk person.
Because of the deafening sounds of their guns from all sides, because of the whistle and blows of enemy shells, because of the appearance of servants sweating, flushed, hurrying near the guns, because of the blood of people and horses, because of the enemy’s smoke on that side (after which each time a cannonball flew in and hit the ground, a person, a tool or a horse), because of the sight of these objects, his own fantastic world was established in his head, which constituted his pleasure at that moment. The enemy cannons in his imagination were not cannons, but pipes from which an invisible smoker emitted smoke in rare puffs.
Look, he puffed again, - Tushin said in a whisper to himself, while a cloud of smoke jumped out of the mountain and was blown to the left by the wind, - now wait for the ball - send it back. …
"Come on, our Matvevna," he said to himself. Matvevna imagined in his imagination a large extreme, ancient casting cannon. The French appeared to him near their guns as ants. A handsome man and a drunkard, the first number of the second weapon in his world was uncle; Tushin looked at him more often than others and rejoiced at his every move. The sound of the fading, then again intensifying gunfight under the mountain seemed to him someone's breathing. He listened to the fading and rising of these sounds.
Look, she breathed again, she breathed, he said to himself.
He himself imagined himself of enormous stature, a powerful man who threw cannonballs at the French with both hands.
Well, Matvevna, mother, do not betray! - he said, moving away from the gun, as an alien, unfamiliar voice was heard over his head:
Captain Tushin! Captain!
Tushin looked around frightened. …
It was Prince Andrew.
(L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace")
1 . The image of which hero, the idol of Prince Andrei, is contrasted in this episode with the image of Captain Tushin?
2 . What battle is depicted in this fragment?
3 . What is the name of the monologue in literary criticism, which the hero utters “to himself” and which characterizes his state (“Come on, our Matvevna”, “Look, she breathed again, she breathed”)?
4 . What is the name of the remedy in literature? artistic depiction helping the author to describe the hero (“weak”, “thin”, “indecisive”)?
5 . Write down a word that is a comparison image, with the help of which the sincerity and openness of the soldiers are emphasized.
6 . What is the name of the technique based on opposition, with the help of which Tolstoy emphasizes that, despite physical weakness and outward absurdity, Tushin is spiritually strong and morally great.
7 . What is the name of a means of artistic representation based on the use of a large number synonyms (“Because of the deafening sounds of their guns from all sides, because of the whistling and impacts of enemy shells, because of the sight of servants sweating, flushed, hurrying near the guns, because of the sight of the blood of people and horses ...”)?
8 . For what purpose did Prince Andrei take part in the war? What ideals made him doubt the feat of Captain Tushin?
8 . What is the main theme of this episode? What is the role of the image of Captain Tushin in the disclosure of this topic?
9 . What topics that are significant for the whole novel are raised by Tolstoy in this episode, and in what works of Russian classics are these issues raised?
17.2 . Why is sweet, kind, sacrificial Sonya not Tolstoy's ideal? (Based on the novel "War and Peace")
Prince Andrei, who thought that it was all the same to him whether Moscow was taken or not taken the way Smolensk was taken, suddenly stopped in his speech from an unexpected convulsion that seized him by the throat. He walked several times in silence, but his eyes shone feverishly, and his lip trembled when he began to speak again:
– If there was no generosity in the war, then we would go only when it is worth it to go to certain death, as now. Then there would be no war because Pavel Ivanovich offended Mikhail Ivanovich. And if the war is like now, then the war. And then the intensity of the troops would not be the same as now. Then all these Westphalians and Hessians, who are led by Napoleon, would not have followed him to Russia, and we would not have gone to fight in Austria and Prussia, without knowing why. War is not a courtesy, but the most disgusting thing in life, and one must understand this and not play war. This terrible necessity must be understood strictly and seriously. All in this: put aside lies, and war is war, not a toy. Otherwise, war is the favorite pastime of idle and frivolous people ... The military estate is the most honorable. And what is war, what is needed for success in military affairs, what are the morals of a military society? The purpose of the war is murder, the weapons of war are espionage, treason and encouragement of it, the ruin of the inhabitants, robbing them or stealing for the food of the army; deceit and lies, called stratagems; morals of the military class - lack of freedom, that is, discipline, idleness, ignorance, cruelty, debauchery, drunkenness. And despite that - this is the highest class, revered by all. All kings, except for the Chinese, wear a military uniform, and the one who killed the most people is given a greater reward ... They will come together, like tomorrow, to kill each other, kill, maim tens of thousands of people, and then they will serve thanksgiving prayers for having beaten many people (of which the number is still being added), and proclaim victory, believing that the more people are beaten, the greater the merit. How God watches and listens to them from there! Prince Andrei shouted in a thin, squeaky voice. “Ah, my soul, lately it has become hard for me to live. I see that I began to understand too much. And it’s not good for a person to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ... Well, and not for long! he added. “However, you are sleeping, and it’s time for me too, go to Gorki,” Prince Andrei suddenly said.
- Oh no! Pierre answered, looking at Prince Andrei with frightened, condoling eyes.
- Go, go: before the battle you need to get enough sleep, - Prince Andrei repeated. He quickly approached Pierre, hugged him and kissed him. "Goodbye, go," he shouted. - See you, no ... - And he hastily turned around and went into the barn.
It was already dark, and Pierre could not make out the expression that was on the face of Prince Andrei, whether it was malicious or gentle.
Pierre stood for some time in silence, considering whether to follow him or go home. "No, he doesn't need to! Pierre decided by himself, “and I know that this is our last meeting.” He sighed heavily and drove back to Gorki.
(L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace".)
1. Indicate the genre to which "War and Peace" by L.N. Tolstoy.
2. Name the battle on the eve of which a conversation takes place between Prince Andrei and Pierre.
3. A significant part of this episode is occupied by a detailed statement of Prince Andrei about the war. What is the name of such a statement?
4. In the speech of Prince Andrei, there are emotional and evaluative definitions (“terrible necessity”, “idle and frivolous people”). What is the name of this medium of artistic expression?
5. Indicate a term that denotes a sharp clash of characters depicted in this episode.
6. What term is used to denote the expressive detail accented by the author, which carries a significant semantic and emotional load, for example: “his eyes shone feverishly, and his lip trembled”?
7. Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and the facts of their future fate. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
7. How did L.N. Tolstoy about the inhuman nature of the war?
8. What brings together the image of the war in L.N. Tolstoy and Russian writers of the 20th century? (Include the names of writers and the titles of their works in your answer.)
17.2. What power controls everything? (based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace")
