Symptoms of intoxication in chronic dysbiosis. The reasons for the development of intestinal dysbiosis. Video - What is intestinal dysbiosis? How to treat dysbiosis

As you know, the intestines are inhabited by various types of microorganisms that closely interact with each other. Most of them have a positive effect in helping to digest and assimilate food. When, for certain reasons, the normal bacterial balance is disturbed and beneficial bacteria are replaced by pathogenic flora, they talk about the development of dysbiosis.

This condition can lead to quite serious disruptions in the functioning of the digestive system and the whole body. Therefore, it is very important to carry out timely treatment aimed at restoring the balance of microflora. For this, various pharmaceutical preparations and folk remedies are used. However, before carrying out such treatment, it is necessary to establish the cause of this phenomenon.

Why is there a violation of the intestinal microflora, the treatment of this condition, how is it carried out? How to restore the bacterial balance using folk recipes? Let's talk about this today. Well, first, let's find out what the intestinal microflora is and what it is for:

Intestinal microflora function

With the help of beneficial bacteria that are part of it, many processes in the body are regulated. In particular, they help the intestines to digest food, assimilate useful substances in it. Bacteria are involved in metabolic processes and help maintain immunity. With their help, the body synthesizes some vitamins necessary for its normal functioning.

However, the intestines are inhabited not only by beneficial, but also by pathogenic microorganisms. But the composition of the human intestinal microflora is always such that there are always much fewer of them, so they do not have a pronounced negative effect on well-being. However, if the balance of microflora is disturbed, beneficial bacteria cease to cope with their function. The pathogenic flora of the intestine begins to increase the number of its bacteria.

Then all kinds of health problems arise. Therefore, it is so important to establish the cause of the imbalance that has arisen and begin to eliminate the dysbiosis.

Violation of intestinal microflora - the main causes

Most often, an imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria occurs for the following reasons:

Long-term use of certain medications, antibiotic treatment.

Eating disorders: the predominance of foods poor in vitamins in the diet, fast food, dry food, snacks on the run, eating foods high in chemicals.

Decreased immunity, in particular, due to the transferred infectious and inflammatory diseases, exacerbation of chronic ailments.

Alcohol abuse, food poisoning.

Frequent stress, the effect of physical inactivity on the human body (sedentary lifestyle).

Surgical intervention on the gastrointestinal tract, the presence of gastritis, colitis, peptic ulcer, etc.

Symptoms of intestinal microflora disorders

The clinical picture of this condition depends on the type of microbiological imbalance. Simply put, from the predominance or insufficiency of certain microorganisms that make up the microflora. Common features include:

Digestive upset: constipation, diarrhea.

Dyspeptic symptoms: signs of ongoing putrefaction and fermentation, for example: bloating, increased gas production in the intestines, rumbling, heaviness, colic, abdominal pain, as well as nausea, heartburn and belching. These phenomena give a person pronounced discomfort, disrupt the usual course of life.

In addition, dysbiosis is characterized by bad breath in the morning and during the day and allergic phenomena. Also, many patients note the appearance of frequent headaches, sweating, general weakness and malaise. Sometimes there is increased dryness of the skin of the face and body in general, as well as increased hair loss.

If measures are not taken in time to restore the bacterial balance, the disturbances are only aggravated and can lead to serious health problems.

Treatment of intestinal microflora disorders

The restoration of microflora is always carried out in a complex manner, with the use of certain drugs, adherence to a diet and an increase in physical activity.

The package of measures includes two main groups of drugs: prebiotics and probiotics. Patients are prescribed: Lactobacterin, Florin Forte, as well as Linex Acylact and Biobacton, which include bifido and lactobacilli. The most effective is the simultaneous intake of prebiotics and probiotics.

Also, drugs are used, which, in addition to bifidobacteria, include other representatives of the useful flora. Such funds include, in particular: Bifidumbacterin, Bifikol and Bifiform, as well as Portalak, Romfalak and Duphalac (the instructions for use of each drug before using it must be studied personally with the official annotation enclosed in the package!).

Very often, patients are prescribed the drug Hilak Forte (drops). It is a very effective prebiotic suitable for people of all ages and can even be given to newborn babies.

If dysbiosis is caused by prolonged use of antibacterial drugs, after the course of treatment, probiotics are prescribed for prevention. They are also used in the treatment of patients with chronic nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

In the case of chronic bowel disease, therapy becomes more difficult. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli alone cannot cope here. Therefore, in addition to the drugs listed and other included in the treatment regimen, patients are prescribed to additionally take enzymes.

This holistic approach significantly improves digestion, relieves symptoms and speeds recovery.

After the restoration of microflora, patients are recommended to include in the diet dairy products containing live beneficial bacteria: bifido-kefir, natural yoghurts, yogurt, etc.

Violation of intestinal microflora - alternative treatment

Basically, folk remedies for dysbiosis contain useful products that have a bactericidal and pronounced prebiotic effect. The medicinal herbs used in the treatment have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Here are some effective, tried-and-true recipes to use:

Combine together an equal amount of crushed raw materials of the coltsfoot plant, calamus root and St. John's wort. We also need the herb Veronica officinalis. Add the same amount of anise and blackberry leaves. Mix everything well.

Prepare the infusion: 1 tbsp. l. mixture in a glass of boiling water. If you use a thermos, the infusion will be ready in half an hour. When it has cooled slightly, pour it into a clean dish through cheesecloth. Take a third of a glass before meals for 2 weeks.

Such a mixture will help to quickly restore the microflora: grind 10 sunflower and pumpkin seeds with a coffee grinder, add 10 walnut kernels, mix. Pour into a glass, pour warm boiled water. Leave it on for half an hour. Then stir everything and drink, divided into two doses. The course is 10 days.

To improve the work of the intestines, to improve the composition of its microflora, healers recommend eating 1/2 a clove of fresh garlic daily (from once to 4 times a day according to your well-being). The small clove can be swallowed whole or by cutting it in half to avoid a specific odor. It is recommended to drink it with yogurt or fresh kefir.

As we already mentioned, one of the main causes of dysbiosis is an incorrect, unbalanced diet.

Therefore, be sure to normalize your diet. It should be complete, contain foods rich in vitamins and minerals. You also need to completely give up alcohol on your own and forever, as well as from smoking. These two addictions are very damaging to health. With the normalization of nutrition, problems with the intestinal microflora will disappear. Be healthy!

According to the international classification of diseases, an imbalance of microorganisms inside the human body and / or on its surface is not recognized as a separate disease. But this in no way diminishes the significance and urgency of the issue, since dysbiosis, to one degree or another, is constantly present in every fifth adult on the planet... And this is only taking into account the cases identified.

In the modern perception of the problem, all possible etiological factors are conventionally grouped according to the initial triggering mechanism of development.

Without obvious significant reasons, against the background of complete health

It combines cases of changes in the composition of microflora associated with age, contrasting climate change (when changing geographic latitude), acute single poisoning (including ethyl alcohol), banal "indigestion" (incompatibility of products, unusual menu).

When diagnosed with intestinal dysbiosis, when symptoms are present, treatment in adults is prescribed by a doctor in accordance with the diagnosis.

With the exception of gerontology (aging) and extremely severe poisoning, such conditions can be easily compensated for and do not need constant monitoring of the intestinal biocenosis and maintenance therapy.

As a secondary condition, as a result of chronic gastrointestinal diseases

Intestinal dysbiosis can be not only a source, but also the result of gastritis, ulcers, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, various functional and / or structural pathologies of the intestine. Uncertainty of the classification is based, first of all, on the extreme difficulty of deriving causal relationships.

It is extremely difficult to determine in a patient who is first diagnosed with dysbiosis and, for example, chronic gastritis with low acidity, which of the ailments was at the beginning and which joined later.

It's important to know! In any case, the state of dysbiosis requires constant monitoring and correction, which is more productive in stopping the underlying disease.

In the form of concomitant pathology

Such intestinal dysbiosis is quite difficult to treat due to the difficulty of identifying the root cause (for example, in chronic poisoning with heavy metal salts) and because of the complexity of correcting the underlying disease (for example, in psoriasis).

Drug dysbiosis

And also appeared as a result of diagnostic or medical procedures, including postoperative. Many drugs, due to their chemical activity, have a bacteriostatic (growth-arresting) and / or bactericidal (destructive) effect on microbes.

We are talking not only about preparations of antibacterial groups, and not necessarily about forms for tableted or intramuscular / intravenous administration.

A destructive effect on the beneficial intestinal microflora is exerted by drugs of the sulfonamide group (Sulfazine, Phthalazol), nitrofurans (Furadonin), antiseptics (Miramistin), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory - NSAIDs (including with prolonged external use) antacids, laxatives and many others.

Let it not happen as quickly and not as aggressively as with an antibiotic injection.

Be careful! A significant contribution to the increase in the incidence of dysbiosis in this group is made by independent uncontrolled drug intake. Especially in such combinations or dosages, when the toxic effect on the intestinal microflora is many times greater than the expected therapeutic effect.

The doctor, prescribing drugs that a priori will have a negative effect on the biocenosis, or, if necessary, manipulations / operations with the same probability, will certainly add to the therapeutic course a means of "cover" - eubiotics.

Social dysbiosis

Recently allocated into a classification category, but a very significant group of reasons leading to a breakdown in adaptation and imbalance of microflora in a huge number of modern residents, mainly in large cities and megalopolises.

Industrial and household negative stresses (a state of joy is also stress, only with a "+" sign), general and home ecology, insufficient or excessive physical activity, unbalanced diets (here not only restriction, but also irrational nutrition).

Also promiscuous sexual activity, use / abuse of various biologically active substances (coffee, stimulants ("energy"), tobacco and its analogues, alcohol, drugs).

Dysbacteriosis - symptoms in adult men, women

Violation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora is replete with a variety of clinical manifestations. Moreover, they are not unified and can vary significantly depending on the individual characteristics of each individual patient.

Interesting fact! A physically strong and healthy person with the 2nd degree of dysbiosis may feel only slight malaise and heaviness after eating, and an employee with irregular work schedule and chronic bronchitis 1st degree may manifest functional diarrhea and contact dermatitis.

The anatomical features of the female body, especially with periodically changing hormonal levels in reproductive age, require special clarification on the possible manifestations of intestinal dysbiosis.

In this case, an imbalance in the intestinal flora is immediately reflected in the microbiocenosis of the vaginal mucosa. What is most often manifested by bacterial vaginosis or candidiasis ("thrush").

It's important to know! This is a two-way process, i.e. with a primary violation of the vaginal microflora, intestinal dysbiosis often occurs.

Distinctive signs of the stages of dysbiosis (1, 2, 3, 4 degrees) in adults

The degree of dysbiosis is determined by laboratory (see below).

The stage can be roughly determined by the combination of clinical manifestations:

1. Usually resolves without any symptoms or with minimal manifestations in the form of general malaise, feeling of fatigue, loss of appetite. There may be a feeling of heaviness, rumbling in the abdomen. If dysbiosis develops against the background of acute respiratory infections or acclimatization, patients themselves rarely pay attention to such manifestations, attributing them to the main cause.
2. Characterized long-term or progressive loss of appetite and deterioration in general condition. Possible nausea, sometimes vomiting. A bitter or sour taste appears in the mouth. Discomfort in the abdomen, bloating and flatulence intensify. The stool can be both constipated and diarrhea. Sleep disturbances and psychological instability join. Chronic diseases may worsen. Acute inflammations are more possible.
3. Symptoms of the previous degree more pronounced and intensified. Disturbed by constant aching pain in the abdomen without clear localization with periodic spasms. There is persistent diarrhea with a specific odor and impurities of intestinal contents (not digested by residues), other pathological inclusions (greens, mucus, blood).
4. Lack of appetite, sleep disturbance, vitamin and mineral deficiency, physical and mental exhaustion. Accession of intestinal infections with the possibility of developing destructive processes of the gastrointestinal tract (erosion, ulcers). May be accompanied by intestinal obstruction.

Research for dysbiosis in adults - description and interpretation of the analysis

The main research method in case of suspicion of a violation of the intestinal biocenosis and determining its degree is bacteriological measuring inoculation on nutrient media of material in various dilutions to determine the quantitative composition of the most significant groups of microorganisms. In general terms, the method is known as "dysbiosis culture".

To obtain clinically valid data, you must strictly adhere to rules for taking material and delivering it to the laboratory:

• morning independent chair;
• placed in a sterile disposable container for collecting feces;
• a volume of 2-3 spoons of a container;
• delivered to the laboratory no later than 2 hours after collection;
• no cooling allowed.

Average indicators of normal biocenosis and deviations by degrees

Other laboratory tests are used to assess the general condition of the body and identify diseases of the gastrointestinal tract:

• General blood analysis.
• Biochemical test.
• Coprogram.

If you suspect functional and structural changes in the intestine or diseases of other organs and systems, specific studies and examinations are prescribed:

• FEGDS and other types of scopy.
• Immunogram.
• Ultrasound, MRI, etc.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in adults: drugs

Since the violation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora is a complex problem of the whole organism, then the approach to its solution should be comprehensive.

Elimination of triggering factors, correction of the immune status, relief of major or concomitant diseases are necessary components of effective restoration of intestinal microbiocinosis. Otherwise, all bacterial preparations and their supporting agents will literally be washed down the drain.

Therapy for each specific case, even for the same patient, is carried out according to an individual scheme. If the growth of pathogenic flora is detected, antibiotics are used the corresponding direction. Enzyme deficiency therapy - replacement. In case of impaired acidity or intestinal motility, they are corrected.

To restore microflora, drugs of 3 main groups are used:

There are also combined drugs - symbiotics, which include both prebiotics and different groups of eubiotics (for example, maxilac). Their use is justified in sporadic cases of mild dysbiosis.

Treatment with folk remedies for intestinal dysbiosis in adults

The age-old experience of treatment with folk remedies, unfortunately, is not always suitable for the correction of dysbiosis in modern conditions. This is due, first of all, to the place of residence of the main risk groups - large cities.

Also, with an increase in the aggressiveness of the pathogenic flora and an increase in the intensity of diseases, in which self-treatment may be not only ineffective, but even dangerous (peptic ulcer, malignant oncology, acute manifestations and exacerbations of chronic gastrointestinal pathologies).

Medicinal preparations, decoctions, infusions are used to eliminate the manifestations of constipation (flax seeds, hay leaves) or diarrhea (blueberries, yarrow, chamomile), flatulence (mint and eucalyptus leaves, dill seeds), pain syndrome (lemon balm, St. John's wort).

They have an enveloping (elecampane, marshmallow, oats), anti-inflammatory (calendula, chamomile, St. John's wort) and antimicrobial (anise, sage, St. John's wort) effect. Natural bee honey is widely used.

Traditional methods of compensation (treatment) of intestinal dysbiosis in adults

Compensation for the lost bifido- and lactoflora is successfully replenished with home-made fermented milk products based on special ferments.

Whey, kefir, yogurt contain a huge amount of beneficial bacteria. There is a nuance: fresh (daily) kefir has a laxative effect, 3-day - fixing.

Important to remember! Natural remedies can be used independently only with minor degrees of disturbance of the intestinal biocenosis. In the case of pronounced clinical manifestations, folk recipes will only be auxiliary in relation to the main course prescribed by the doctor.

Nutrition for intestinal dysbiosis in adults - menu

One of the factors provoking intestinal dysbiosis is a one-time ("indigestion") or constant violation of the diet. Therefore, in the course of treatment, it is necessary to strictly observe a gentle regimen of food intake.

The principles of the diet boil down to:

• exclusion starting reasons;
• lack of in the diet of fast food products, carbonated drinks (mineral water can be without gas), alcohol, coffee, sweet, spicy, smoked, fried and fatty, marinades, baked goods and pastries, fresh fruits and berries;
• avoidance overeating.

At the same time, the diet should be complete in terms of qualitative and quantitative composition. It is better to start the morning with fermented milk products and dairy-free unsweetened cereals. For lunch, give preference to lean varieties of boiled / steamed meat (poultry, fish) and vegetables, broths are welcome. You should not load the gastrointestinal tract before going to bed, you can dine with cottage cheese or an omelet, washed down with kefir / yogurt.

Note! The best solution would be fractional meals.

Intestinal dysbiosis during pregnancy - features

During pregnancy or breastfeeding, any negative deviations in the mother's health are highly undesirable. Therefore, if a woman has a tendency to any disruption of the digestive tract, it is better to prepare thoroughly for pregnancy. And within 40 weeks of gestation and further feeding, constantly prevent dysbiosis.

Be careful! If a violation of the biocenosis has occurred, in no case should you try to stop it yourself. The development of pathogenic flora can cause significant harm to the health of the child. The same applies to the irrationally used drugs.

Prevention of dysbiosis is better than cure

It is absolutely clear that modern life does not allow leading a completely healthy lifestyle: it is difficult to ration workloads, eat right, and avoid excessive psychological stress. Even a complete cure for ARVI is a luxury.

However, there are a number of simple rules, which will keep the balance of intestinal microflora in a more or less optimal state:

1. Do not abuse "junk" food, alcohol. And on the eve and the next morning, add an additional intake of a fermented milk product to the diet.
2. Do not self-medicate and not experiment with diets. Not only uncontrolled intake of antibiotics is detrimental to normal flora. This also applies to drugs for heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, "thrush"; even a very wide range of vitamins and herbal teas can disrupt the intestinal biocenosis.
3. Do not neglect body signals about any violation / disease. And undergo a dispensary examination every year.

Intestinal dysbiosis is not a final and isolated disease. The disturbed balance of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract can and will have consequences in the form of acute and chronic pathologies of the digestive tract. In addition, high-grade intestinal dysbiosis leads to vitamin deficiencies, anemia, exhaustion, psychoemotional lability, and a decrease in the quality of life.

How to cure dysbiosis, see this video:

For intestinal dysbiosis in adults, its symptoms and treatment, see this video:

This article describes what dysbiosis is, its features, symptoms and causes. The disease differs in types and stages, which have certain characteristics. The article provides detailed information on the treatment.

Brief description of the disease

Intestinal dysbiosis is a common phenomenon, which some doctors consider a disease, while others - just dysfunction resulting from a different pathology or a certain way of life. In both cases, we are talking about a violation of the intestinal microflora, which has unpleasant symptoms and is fraught with various complications and consequences.

Normal microflora

Intestinal biocenosis is a variety of microbes in the large intestine, which are present in certain quantities in every healthy person and are the norm. Microorganisms have many important functions. Bacteria for the intestines are habitual "inhabitants".

Their total weight in this organ in an adult is about two to three kilograms. The number of types of microorganisms reaches five hundred. The vast majority of microbes "live" in the colon. The minimum falls on other departments. All intestinal microorganisms are conventionally divided into beneficial bacteria and pathogenic ones. The first group includes:

• bifidobacteria;
• lactobacilli;
• Escherichia coli.

Pathogenic flora includes:

• peptococci;
• Candida mushrooms;
• staphylococci;
• clostridia.

There are relatively few harmful (or optional) bacteria. In a healthy person, they "sit quietly" because their immunity does not allow them to "protrude". Their presence in this state is normal and necessary for a certain balance of power.

Microbial diversity is extremely important for the body, since it performs protective functions, synthesizes vitamins, lowers cholesterol levels, helps processed food to be absorbed into the intestinal walls, and at the same time activates metabolic processes.

The essence of dysbiosis

Dysbacteriosis is the antonym of normbiocenosis. With it, the balance of microflora is disturbed. There are fewer useful bacteria, their activity decreases. Putrid bacteria (conditionally pathogenic), on the contrary, multiply rapidly, suppressing their "neighbors".

Extremely unfavorable processes for health begin.

A deficiency of lactobacilli and other beneficial microorganisms leads to indigestion, a decrease in immunity, and a slowdown in metabolic processes. The body lacks nutrients, weakens, becomes vulnerable.

Sometimes you can hear the term gastric dysbiosis. It is erroneous, since there are not so many microorganisms in the digestive organ that could play an essential role. It is also wrong to look for differences and similarities between dysbiosis, dysbiosis. In this case, we are talking about the same thing.

What provokes dysbiosis

An imbalance in microflora is always caused by certain factors. The pathogenic process does not start on its own. The causes of dysbiosis, in which beneficial microorganisms die, can be:

Dysbiosis can be cured only by knowing what triggered it. The factors listed above result from:

Often, severe dysbiosis occurs in people who have flown from one climatic zone to another. In a short time of travel, the body does not have time to rebuild without consequences. In such cases, it is not necessary to treat dysbiosis with serious drugs. After adaptation of the body, the normal microflora will be restored. If the signs are pronounced, first aid can be provided in the form of symptomatic treatment.

Varieties of dysfunction

There are such types of dysbiosis as acute and chronic. The first occurs in most cases. With adequate treatment, the microflora is restored in a few weeks, all symptoms disappear.

The chronic type is much less common. It develops when it is not possible to defeat dysbiosis for months, and sometimes for years. As a rule, certain factors prevent recovery. For example, a serious incurable disease, constant stress or alcoholism. Chronic dysbiosis leads to serious consequences for the body.

There is also a classification of pathology by the type of pathogen. Distinguish fungal dysbiosis, proteus, staphylococcal type and associative. The easiest and safest course for Protein. The most complex type is associative.

A warning! It is difficult to determine what kind of species is taking place on the basis of one symptom. A high-quality examination is required.

Dysbiosis stages

Like most dysfunctions, dysbiosis has several stages. The manifestations of the disease, as well as treatment, depend on them. The development of pathology occurs in stages:

1. Dysbacteriosis of 1 degree. A decrease in the amount of Escherichia coli (Escherichia) is recorded. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are present in their entirety.
2. Dysbacteriosis of the 2nd degree. The number of Escherichia is significantly reduced. There is a slight deficiency of bifidobacteria. The number of pathogenic microorganisms is growing.
3. Dysbacteriosis grade 3. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are much less than necessary. The pathogenic flora provokes intestinal malfunctions.
4. Dysbacteriosis grade 4. Bifidoflora killed. Almost complete absence of lactobacilli. The intestine undergoes serious destructive processes.

The easiest way to fix the problem is at the beginning. Normalization of intestinal microflora in the later stages will take a lot of time and effort. In this case, the disease will have time to cause significant damage to the body.

Advice! At the first clinical manifestations, you should consult a doctor.

Symptomatic picture

An imbalance of microflora may not make itself felt for a long time. Symptoms of dysbiosis in adults are often absent in the early stages, manifesting themselves only when everything is already quite running. And this is the insidiousness of the disease. In addition, the signs of dysbiosis are identical to the manifestations of many other pathologies. There are no specific ones among them.

Dysbiosis is characterized by:

1. Bad breath. Sometimes this is the only sign of dysbiosis. It is explained by putrefactive processes in the intestines.
2. Diarrhea is a common symptom of dysbiosis. It can occur four to six times a day, or even more often. Dangerous due to dehydration of the body. Regular diarrhea is a sure sign that something is wrong with the intestines. Stool can be foamy and difficult to rinse off the toilet
3. Constipation is less common than diarrhea. Usually they suffer from elderly patients in whom intestinal motility is significantly slowed down.
4. Unstable stools alternate with constipation and diarrhea. The bowel movements can be very offensive. An unusual color of stool is sometimes observed.
5. Rumbling in the stomach is heard more often in the initial stages. Indicates a problem in the intestines. Over time, flatulence intensifies, a person is literally bursting with gas, his stomach enlarges. There is frequent belching with air.
6. The pains are localized in the intestinal region. The stomach hurts especially badly with constipation, with severe flatulence due to stretching of the intestinal walls. The unpleasant sensation increases with pressure.
7. Nausea, vomiting, internal discomfort, unpleasant taste in the mouth. These, typical for many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, signs can appear with dysbiosis. Sometimes heartburn occurs.
8. With dysbiosis, food is poorly absorbed, the body does not receive enough "building materials", which often leads to weight loss.
9. A deficiency of nutrients in advanced stages is manifested by symptoms such as apathy, drowsiness, depression. A person almost constantly feels a general weakness. It does not go away even after a night's rest. The patient wakes up already tired.
10. Dysbacteriosis is rarely accompanied by an increase in temperature. Such a symptom can make itself felt if there is a strong intoxication of the body. Fever is possible with severe exacerbations of chronic dysbiosis.
11. Sometimes, after consuming familiar foods, allergic reactions may occur. Namely - rash, skin flushing, itching. Such reactions are explained by a decrease in the protective properties of the body due to disturbed microflora.

Deficiency of vitamins, resulting from dysbiosis, can manifest itself as brittle nails, dull hair, as well as pallor and dryness of the skin, seizures in the corners of the lips. The more serious the stage, the more pronounced the symptoms, which indicate not only a disturbed microflora, but also a general deterioration in health.

Diagnostic measures

An accurate diagnosis of dysbiosis can only be made by a professional doctor, who should be consulted at the first alarming symptoms. At the initial stage, the survey will be carried out:

• conversation with the patient;
• collection of anamnesis;
• visual examination with palpation.

However, only on the basis of the data obtained as a result of these actions, the treatment regimen for dysbiosis cannot be developed. It is imperative that laboratory research methods are needed that will refute or confirm the presence of a problem, determine the type of pathogen, the stage of the disease.

To date, the main method for diagnosing dysbiosis is bacteriological analysis of feces. Although it is not perfect (it is expensive, takes a lot of time, does not exclude errors), there is no better method yet.

It is important to correctly prepare for the analysis, to collect the material correctly. A few days before the procedure, it is necessary to exclude from the diet everything that can affect the microflora. These are fermented milk products:

• fermented baked milk;
• kefir;
• sour cream;
• kvass;
• any alcohol (especially beer);
• antibiotics.

When collecting material, it is advisable to take an average portion of feces, and not from the toilet, but from a clean piece of paper. Place the piece in a special sterile flask. Deliver to the laboratory no later than two hours after collection.

Attention! Sometimes you have to be tested for dysbiosis several times. This is due to the fact that during the collection of material or during the study, errors are allowed that affect the result.

To diagnose diseases that are the cause or consequence of dysbiosis, other research methods are used. This is a blood test, ultrasound, MRI, CT. Sometimes an X-ray with contrast is prescribed to determine the condition of the intestine. It complements the results of microbiological analysis of microflora.

Treatment features

It is not so easy to normalize the situation with dysbiosis in most cases. Comprehensive treatment is needed, aimed not only at eliminating symptoms, but also at eliminating the causes. Its main tasks are:

• inhibition of the growth of the number of pathogenic microorganisms;
• stimulation of the reproduction of beneficial bacteria;
• increased immunity.

Today in pharmacies there are quite inexpensive but effective drugs for dysbiosis. Their use greatly facilitates the fight against the sore. However, even the best remedies for dysbiosis will not help if you do not correct the diet, do not lead a healthy lifestyle. Poor quality food, bad habits will aggravate the situation.

In some cases, treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in adults is not required. The microflora, disturbed after stress, a series of holidays or a change in climate, is restored by itself. Treatment of dysbiosis after antibiotics may be limited to drugs based on live bacteria.

Complex therapy is required. It takes not one or two days, but several weeks. As a rule, medications for dysbiosis can be taken at home. Only occasionally are hospital conditions required.

Drug therapy

In the treatment of dysbiosis, drugs to improve microflora play an important role. These are products containing live bacteria. Their common name is probiotics. In cases where a large number of pathogenic organisms have been sown, treatment should be started with their elimination. Otherwise, the beneficial bacteria will have nowhere to settle. Therefore, it is necessary to drink antibiotics for dysbiosis. Recommended drugs include:

1. Furazolidone is a monoaminoxase inhibitor. It is considered a powerful antimicrobial agent. Boosts immunity.
2. Metronidazole has antiprotozoal and antimicrobial effects. It is widely used for abdominal infections.
3. Levomycetin is considered a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is especially effective in detecting enterococci.

If a fungal type of dysbiosis is diagnosed, patients are prescribed a drug to combat the yeast Candida Fluconazole. It is not an antibiotic but is considered an antifungal agent.

Doctors try to use all antibacterial drugs very carefully, giving preference to intestinal antiseptics. They eliminate pathogenic flora without affecting healthy ones. New generation intestinal antiseptics include:

• Dependal-M;
• Sumetrolim;
• Enterosedive;
• Ersefuril;
• Intetrix.

Another drug widely used for dysbiosis is Enterofuril. After antibiotic and antiseptic therapy, the free space is colonized with beneficial bacteria contained in probiotics. For example, live lactobacilli for the intestines are available in Lactobacterin.

Bifidobacteria - in Bifidumbacterin. Both of these drugs are monopreparations in tablets to restore intestinal microflora. Although there are other forms of release of these drugs. In particular, suppositories with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.

Along with monocomponent drugs, multicomponent drugs with different types of bacteria can be prescribed. Effective agents from this group include, for example, Bifiform. There are also combined probiotics containing beneficial and pathogenic organisms - Acipol, Bifiliz. Linex is used to stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria. Bilaminolact, Ekoflor have a similar effect.

Activated carbon is prescribed to remove toxins from the body. Its use should be limited. Means of similar action also include Polyphepan, Polysorb. Prebiotics, which stimulate the growth of healthy microflora, are relevant for dysbiosis. These substances are found in food. Special drugs may be prescribed - Hilak Forte, Duphalac (syrups) or Bactistatin capsules.

Dysbiosis treatment should be comprehensive. It is aimed at eliminating the root cause, which often becomes a gastrointestinal disease. The drugs used depend on the specific pathology. It can be:

1. Omez has a pronounced antiulcer effect.
2. Mezim is an enzyme agent. It is prescribed for serious digestive disorders.
3. Pancreatin is used for diseases of the pancreas. Helps to improve food digestion.
4. De-nol is indispensable for gastritis. It has an astringent and enveloping effect.

If the signs of dysbiosis are pronounced, symptomatic treatment may be required. For example, diarrhea is treated with Loperamide. This drug normalizes the stool, but has absolutely no effect on the intestinal microflora. Pain is relieved with analgesics. Constipation is treated with a laxative.

Important! Symptomatic treatment is not able to eliminate the cause, therefore, it is carried out exclusively in the course of complex therapy.

Diet and folk remedies for dysbiosis

Nutrition for dysbiosis plays an important role. Recovery depends a lot on him. The purpose of the diet is to protect the intestines from negative influences (mechanical, thermal). Food should be steamed, stewed, or boiled. It should be taken on schedule - often, but little by little. You can eat:

• low-fat varieties of fish, meat;
• heat-treated vegetables, fruits, berries (except for grapes, bananas, sweet apples);
• greens;
• cereals;
• nuts;
• legumes.

Diet for intestinal dysbiosis in adults excludes:

• fatty;
• roast;
• food rich in preservatives;
• spicy;
• fast food;
• ice cream;
• condensed milk;
• most foods that provoke flatulence;
• semolina and rice porridge;
• soda;
• alcohol.

Folk remedies for dysbiosis are often food-based. For example, it is proposed to use juices of raspberries, blueberries, pomegranates, cranberries, and strawberries as antiseptics. Dill, cumin, on the basis of which decoctions and infusions are prepared, have a carminative effect. To get rid of dysbiosis, it is recommended to eat more garlic and Jerusalem artichoke.

Herbal treatment is widely used. For example, in case of diarrhea, fixing decoctions of their oak bark are prepared. They help to stop the pain syndrome of mint, calendula, St. John's wort. Constipation is fought with enemas based on chamomile decoction.

Dysbacteriosis in children

Dysbacteriosis in a child is a more frequent occurrence than in an adult. Especially when it comes to babies. The development of pathology is facilitated by an unformed digestive system, an almost complete absence of its own immunity. The risk of infection is higher in artificial babies.

Dysbiosis in children manifests itself with frequent loose stools or, conversely, its long absence; anxiety, sleep problems, loss of appetite, prolonged crying. Such babies can be very underweight. The symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis in children are not always pronounced. Deviation can be manifested only by a slight rumbling in the stomach. And you should not ignore this sign, because the situation may worsen.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in children depends on the age of the young patient. Artificial babies are transferred to special mixtures, kefir is introduced into the diet. If the baby's nutrition is mother's milk, then the mother is advised to revise her menu. Most often, the reasons are in his errors.

Older children, as well as babies suffering from serious dysbiosis, may be prescribed antibiotics, drugs containing enzymes. But it is necessary to adjust the nutrition in any case.

Important! Pay special attention to ensuring that the child's body receives enough vitamins.

So, dysbiosis is not an independent disease, but a consequence of another pathology or an incorrect lifestyle. If you care about prevention, the intestines need to be protected. Eat normally, do not abuse alcohol, try not to take antibiotics unnecessarily, wash your hands before eating, treat all diseases in a timely manner, undergo regular medical examinations, and avoid foci of epidemics. For young children, breastfeeding is the best preventive measure.

If dysbiosis nevertheless made itself felt, you need to start treating it immediately. The chronic form is fraught with such serious complications as secondary intestinal infections, diverticulitis, enterocolitis, sepsis, peritonitis.
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With her, the body constantly receives less of the necessary substances, which leads to a deterioration in the general condition - both physical and moral. Acute dysbiosis can lead to dehydration. This is especially true and dangerous for young children, who may even die.

Disease cannot be ignored. With the right approach, dysbiosis is successfully treated, the prognosis is favorable.

According to scientists, almost 90% of people in the Russian Federation suffer from dysbiosis. The disease has a constant shade: nine out of ten people are pestered by chronic dysbiosis. Stress is often the cause of intestinal upset, doctors promise to cure the discomfort in 2 weeks. The term seems incredible, but look at how long it takes to take any medicine. Can it be cured at an accelerated rate?

We believe we are talking about an acute form of the disease. A person notices clear signs, goes to the doctor, the doctor prescribes a study. According to the results . The disease is being treated, things are getting better, and ... Judging by the statistics of doctors, a person falls into the network of the disease again. This is due to the wrong way of life, poor nutrition and so on.

Think about the term: the literature does not describe such a phenomenon. In the documentation, stages or degrees of severity are called. Doctors say that almost everyone is sick. Consequently, in many patients, an imbalance of the intestinal flora is manifested, it is just that most do not notice the discomfort.

Dysbacteriosis is not chronic. The imbalance between the beneficial and opportunistic flora is a consequence of other diseases. For example, chronic enteritis or colitis develops, and against the background of diseases, the indicated phenomenon occurs. Dysbacteriosis is a symptom of a concomitant gastrointestinal disease that occurs in a chronic form. Chronic form - a sluggish current process, not too annoying, without exacerbations (with fever and corresponding symptoms).

Chronic diseases are poorly expressed. At the first stage, microflora disturbances are sometimes insignificant, they can recover on their own. We can conditionally call a sluggish dysbiosis compensated.

At the second stage, individual signs of a pronounced character, typical for dysbiosis, are disturbed, manifested in:

• Dyspepsia.
• Drawing pains.
• Bloating.
• Belching.
• Metallic taste in the mouth.

Appetite is lost. Nausea sometimes comes to vomiting. Diarrhea interspersed with constipation. There is a subcompensated pathology.

Acute stage

The inflammatory process means the onset of the acute stage. The signs are already clearly expressed. The resulting discomfort makes a person see a doctor. In addition to symptoms of malaise, migraines, irritability caused by a lack of niacin, weakness and sleep disturbances, specific symptoms appear. As a rule, unbearable diarrhea. The temperature rises to 39 degrees. A typical decompensated type of disease course is described.

Small children cannot complain of pain, parents have to guess, focusing on the symptoms. The child refuses to breastfeed, starts screaming, wriggles and calms down over time, then starts again.

It is important to be able to feel the necessary areas of the abdomen, to check for the presence of characteristic signs (bloating, belching, bubbling). If untreated, weight loss or hesitation occurs. This is a long-term indicator, which is customary to focus on when making a diagnosis. Lack of vitamins negatively affects the nervous system.

Diagnostics

The composition of bacteria in children differs from that in an adult, which greatly affects the diagnosis. What is normal for an infant looks developed in a mature person. A similar statement is easy to understand if we remember the stool of infants. In our time, science has a number of methods for analyzing the situation (some of which have been rejected in the West):

1. Bacteriological analysis consists in the analysis of microflora. It is produced indirectly by sowing feces on a nutrient medium. Development is used to judge the ability of microflora to defend itself.
2. The express method (for example, Ardatskaya) within an hour gives answers to exciting questions (the usual method takes a week) with high accuracy. Research is not carried out to determine the type of pathogenic flora.
3. Electrophoresis on paper is based on the difference in the speed of movement of molecules in an electric field. A few hundred volts is enough to see the difference. In the case of dysbiosis, researchers are looking for metabolites of bacterial strains.
4. Ionic chromatography is based on the exchange between the mobile and stationary phases, due to which the concentration of certain ions in the test substance is calculated.
5. Gas-liquid chromatography is similar to the previous option, except that one phase becomes gaseous.
6. Various techniques associated with genetic engineering.
7. Microflora samples obtained in different ways. Previously, it was mainly about the study of feces, the specified sample is easier to obtain. With the help of an endoscope, it is possible to reach other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

The first technique is the most common. Bifidobacteria are sown at various dilutions, proof of dysbiosis will be the absence of seedlings by 10/7. A similar proof is the decrease in the number of Escherichia coli below 1 million, with an average number of 300-400 million in Levin's and Endo's media (or 800 million on blood agar). Other signs are acceptable.

Treatment

Treatment in each case is complex. The stages are sometimes followed in a different sequence. An indicative list:

• Fighting excess strains by destroying some of the bacteria.
• Resettlement of normal microflora in the intestine.
• Improvement of peristalsis and digestive functions.
• Stimulation of immunity.

There are medicines for each step. If the stages are carried out in parallel, the drugs are taken together.

Antibacterial stage

In most cases, some strains multiply excessively. Then antibacterial drugs are prescribed to suppress excess intestinal flora. Antibiotics from the families are used:

1. Tetracyclines.
2. Quinolonov.
3. Cephalosporins.
4. Penicillins.
5. Metronidazole.

Reception lasts up to 1 week, rarely two.

Probiotics and prebiotics

Unlike antibiotics, these drugs are aimed at combating dysbiosis. They are live strains, bacteria waste products or nutrient media. These components are also found in everyday food. You need to choose the right diet, which is the task of the doctor.

Peristalsis

The normal work of the intestinal musculature is restored by antispasmodics. They prevent dull and aching pains. Don't forget to take vitamin complexes (and minerals). Especially vitamin A.

Immunity

Interferons are responsible for immunity. For the large intestine, they are produced in the form of anal suppositories. Non-intestinal interferons.

High fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea are often a companion for both adults and children. Turning to a doctor, you will find out which disease manifests its symptoms in this way. Intestinal dysbiosis in adults and babies can manifest itself in the same or very different way. But what kind of disease is it, how is it dangerous, and what signs should force you to seek help from specialists?

What is dysbiosis?

Dysbacteriosis, or dysbiosis, is a disturbance in the balance of microflora in the intestine. It is very difficult to detect this type of disease, since its symptoms can be confused with other pathologies of internal organs.

But there are also signs that will make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis and start treatment in a short time. How is intestinal dysbiosis manifested in adults? How are the symptoms in children different? We will understand further.

What are the reasons provoking a violation of the microflora in the intestine?

The human intestine contains a large number of bacteria. They can be divided into 3 main groups:

• Useful - they help the normal functioning of not only the stomach and intestines, but the whole organism as a whole.
• Conditionally pathogenic - they do not cause any harm, but there is no benefit from them either.
• Pathogenic - negatively affect the human body.

With bacteriosis, the number of beneficial bacteria is greatly reduced, and the number of pathogenic bacteria becomes more, as a result, a malfunction of the intestine occurs, which leads to various pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. But dysbiosis is a secondary disease resulting from another pathology. It is precisely this reason that needs to be found, only in this case it will be possible to remove all the intestines in adults and children.

Dysbacteriosis most often occurs as a result of exposure to the body of such factors:

• Improper nutrition.
• Intestinal infections.
• Taking antibiotics and other medications.
• Immunodeficiency.
• Radiation and chemotherapy.
• Frequent stressful situations.

This leads to the fact that symptoms begin to appear quite clearly. Intestinal dysbiosis in adults can develop as a result of long work in a hazardous enterprise or as a result of age-related changes in the flora.

Varieties of dysbiosis

Depending on what causes the disease, the following types of dysbiosis can be distinguished:

• Age.
• Seasonal.
• Nutritive, it develops due to the appearance of problems in the work of internal organs.
• Professional.

Such types of the disease are manifested in completely healthy people. But this kind can be caused by other pathologies:

Infectious diseases can also trigger symptoms. Intestinal dysbiosis in adults can often be caused by allergic diseases, a state of immunodeficiency, hypovitaminosis, hypoxia - a lack of oxygen in the tissues, or hypoxemia - a reduced oxygen content in the blood.

The degree of dysbiosis

Today, doctors distinguish 3 degrees of the disease, and they depend on the severity of the microflora disorder:

• The first is a significant decrease in the amount and activity of beneficial microflora in the intestine.
• The second is the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria.
• The third is a large number of harmful microorganisms.

In addition, doctors classify the disease and thus:

• Weak bacteriosis, in which there are about 25% of opportunistic microorganisms.
• Moderate bacteriosis, about 50%.
• With severe dysbiosis, the number of bacteria reaches 75%.
• A pronounced dysbiosis is characterized by almost complete displacement of beneficial pathogenic microflora.

How is dysbiosis manifested in children?

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis in adults after antibiotics or any other exposure are not the same as in children. But all parents should know what complaints the child should force to seek help from a specialist:

• Disorders of body weight: no gain, sharp loss.
• Changes in the skin and mucous membranes: a feeling of dryness, peeling of the skin, erosion in the corners of the mouth, thrush, brightness of the mucous membrane, changes in the skin around the anus.
• Symptoms from the digestive system: appetite disappears, nausea appears, regurgitation, which ends with vomiting, rotten smell, metal taste, strong saliva, bloating and pain, gas formation, itching and burning in the anal area.

• Diarrhea or constipation.

How is dysbiosis manifested in adults?

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis in adults (patient reviews say this) are manifested as follows:

1. From the stomach and intestines: decreased appetite, nausea with vomiting, taste of metal in the mouth, acute pain or contractions in the abdomen, flatulence, feeling that the intestines are not completely empty, stool disturbance.
2. Hypovitaminosis: wounds in the corners of the mouth, dry mucous membranes and skin.
3. Allergic syndrome: itching and skin rashes.
4. General symptoms: weakness throughout the body, fatigue from work quickly sets in, frequent headaches.

Dysbacterial reactions - temporary short-term changes in the intestinal microflora, can also lead to the fact that symptoms begin to appear. Intestinal dysbiosis in adults can occur with a short exposure to unfavorable factors and disappear by itself after a few days, and no therapeutic measures are required.

Dysbacteriosis in pregnant women

Very often, symptoms of dysbiosis are observed in pregnant women. During this period, there are many changes in the body, and as a result, intestinal dysbiosis appears. Symptoms and treatment in adult women carrying children can vary significantly depending on what triggered the disease. These signs say about him:

• Stomach discomfort.
• Heartburn.
• Flatulence.
• Diarrhea or constipation.

It is worth remembering that all these symptoms can appear with a normal pregnancy. The fruit grows and compresses the internal organs, which can disrupt the natural functioning of the intestines. Only a doctor can accurately determine the cause of the onset of symptoms of dysbiosis, therefore, in order not to harm, it is worth visiting a specialist.

How to diagnose dysbiosis?

To accurately diagnose, you need to carry out certain examinations, the most important of which is the microbiological examination of feces. It allows you to accurately determine the quality of microflora.

In addition, this test provides immediate drug susceptibility testing.

The analysis is carried out as follows: 1 g of feces is diluted in saline and sown on a nutrient medium. Violations can be diagnosed only if there is no growth of bifidobacteria and the content of Escherichia coli sharply decreases. Also, the symptoms of dysbiosis include the presence of such bacteria: staphylococci, proteas, fungi and others.

In addition to the analysis of feces, the doctor may prescribe the following studies:

• Colonoscopy.
• Gastroscopy.
• Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.

It is already known how the symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis manifest themselves. Treatment in adults can be different, depending on the underlying causes of the disease. How is dysbiosis treated?

Dysbiosis therapy methods

For the treatment to be as effective as possible, you need to choose the best regimen. In a complex, therapy should perform the following tasks:

• Restore the intestinal microflora.
• Eliminate foreign microorganisms.
• Restore immunity.
• Resume the work of the gastrointestinal tract, normalize peristalsis and motor skills.

This is the only way to eliminate intestinal dysbiosis, symptoms. Treatment in adults begins with the selection of drugs. But many patients often combine medication with traditional medicine. But you can't do without medication, and the first thing you need to start taking is antibacterial drugs that will prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

So it will definitely be possible to eliminate, if diagnosed with intestinal dysbiosis, symptoms. Treatment in adults (reviews only confirm this) will end successfully if you include drugs that will prevent the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. If the presence of a fungus is detected, then it is recommended to add antifungal agents to the main treatment.

In addition, the scheme should include the intake of bacterial preparations containing live cultures. Dysbiosis therapy is long-term and can take several months. It is imperative to start taking funds that normalize motor skills. It will not be possible to effectively cure pathology without adherence to a diet.

What drugs are effective for dysbiosis?

For the treatment of dysbiosis to be effective, you need to choose the right regimen, and the following groups of drugs should be included in it:

After the symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis began to clearly manifest, treatment in adults, nutrition should be selected by a doctor who knows the reasons that caused the pathology.

Nutrition for dysbiosis

During the treatment of dysbiosis, you need to adhere to a diet, completely exclude the following products for the duration of therapy:

• Spicy and fried.
• Bitter and sour.
• Meat cooked on a fire or grilled.
• Pickled foods.
• Carbonated and alcoholic drinks.
• Smoked products.
• Seafood.
• Canned vegetables.

It is better to give preference to such products for the duration of treatment:

• Low-fat broths.
• Boiled rice.
• Boiled vegetables and fruits.
• Cottage cheese and kefir without additives.
• Fresh cucumbers.
• Small amounts of potatoes and herbs.
• Fresh berries.