Secondary general education

UMK line G. A. Bordovskiy. Social Studies (10-11)

Social Studies

Unified State Exam in Social Studies: we analyze assignments with a teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the USE in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting the assignments gives a good effect when doing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is removed, the brain activity is directed to the analysis of materials and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for the performance of the work.

As materials for work, we use the version of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies in 2017 (early period), published by the FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task number 1

Write down the word that is missing in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When performing task number 1, you must carefully look at the name of the table. In our case, the table is called "Factors of production and factor income". One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial ability) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial capabilities of information is inextricably linked with the knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial ability, information - profit. The table shows the factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a production factor as Earth... The correct answer is earth. When preparing a student, it is important to know the complete characteristics of all factors of production.

Task number 2

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing to all the other concepts presented. Write it down word (phrase).

State form, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). Our version presents: the form of the state, as device the political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the method of organization and structure of the state); the form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies of state power and the procedure for their formation, as well as by their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which belongs to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; the republic is one of the forms of government. To my students, I always strongly recommend, in a draft, as soon as they begin to complete assignments related to the topic "Politics", draw a diagram:

This is important because a typical mistake that graduates make when conducting trial exam is associated with confusion of concepts. And when the scheme is in front of your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the scheme, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for everyone else here will be - the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the options for answers. The rest of the concepts reflect those or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part of forms of state and republic, as one of the forms of government.

The correct answer is the form of the state.

Task number 3

Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. the complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas;
3. entertaining character;
4. strong commercial focus;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. special training requirement for understanding.

Find two characteristics that "fall out" from the general row, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When performing task number 3, we draw attention to the concept in question. In this case, it is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is considered in the topic "The spiritual sphere of the life of society." The generic term is "Culture". In our case, the question is in the plane of the varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement for special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready for the perception of Schnittke's musical works, the analysis of Kafka's highly intellectual literary works? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared for the perception of complex works. Elite culture is not looking for commercial benefits; it is important for authors to express themselves and search for new forms in art.

The two characteristics that have remained outside our attention: the entertainment character and the pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics of mass culture. Therefore, in this case, we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task number 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Society is a constantly evolving dynamic system.
2. Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to already obsolete structures and relations.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world that is isolated from nature, but connected with it, which includes methods of interaction and forms of uniting people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 4, we must find judgments about society and social institutions. Here one cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: "society" in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; "Social institution", as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main spheres of society.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social studies.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from the lowest to the highest. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to already obsolete structures and relations, which are qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of "society" in a broad sense, and therefore is correct. There is not enough "consisting of individuals with consciousness and will."

The fourth proposition is correct. In the course of socialization, a person assimilates the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish certain patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth judgment is not true. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is practically impossible to apply the concept of a “closed system” to society, which does not interact with the external environment. No special proof is needed here. Suffice it to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of "a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it."

Thus, the judgments will be correct: 1, 3, 4.

Social Science Thematic Planning

Task number 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task number 5 relates to the topic "Activity". The types (forms of activity) are considered: play, study, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). Imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - towards work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Aiming at acquiring new knowledge and skills - towards learning (AT 3)... And none of the types (forms) of activity is complete without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on the exchange of information reflect the essence of communication. (D 1, D 1). Just remember that in the process of communication, people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

With the seeming ease of tasks, it is important not to rush, to conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of the concepts.

Task number 6

The students conducted a study of the motives of the educational activity of primary schoolchildren. Find in the list below the methods they applied that correspond to the level of empirical knowledge. Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. putting forward and substantiating hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixation of generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object under study

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 6, they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. Immediately we mentally turn to the generic concept - "science", recall the structure of scientific knowledge, including levels: empirical and theoretical, and distribute the methods related to each level. Remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects under study, in contrast to the theoretical level aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

This is how we found the correct answers: 1, 4, 6

Task number 7

Choose the correct judgments about economies and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Private property is the basis of the command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main issues of the economy are resolved by central government bodies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The incentive for the activities of enterprises in a market system is profit.
5. The hallmarks of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 7 aims us at knowing the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economies is the basic knowledge of a graduate seeking to obtain a high score on the exam.

So let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of an economic system. We are also told in the judgment that the command economy. This is not true, also because the state property dominates in the command economy, and also the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. This means that the second judgment is also not true. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy, each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task number 8

Establish a correspondence between examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task number 8 is associated with the financial literacy of the graduate, namely the knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The assignment defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this assignment, it is important to clearly distinguish between the types of taxes by level:

Thus, in our assignment, we again apply the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, B 1, G 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific concepts, the authors reveal the features of the operation of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the foundations of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task number 9

Firm Y is a tailor shop for wedding dresses. Find examples of short-run variable costs to firm Y in the list and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. costs of repayment of interest on a previously taken loan
2. the cost of purchasing fabrics, threads, accessories
3. cost of payment of piecework wages to employees
4. rent for atelier premises
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Completion of task number 9 requires knowledge of the topic "Firm" and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profits. The assignment should clearly indicate the variable costs of the firm in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete the task without error, it is also necessary to remember that variable costs change when the volume of production changes.

A firm's credit history will always be a fixed cost, so the first option is not correct. But the acquisition of fabrics, threads, accessories refers to consumables, which means to variable costs, as well as the payment of piecework wages to workers, in contrast to salaries, which are fixed costs of the company. Rent, insurance premiums are fixed costs of any company. And here is the payment consumed electricity (depends on the volume of work of the company) - will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social Studies. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in the educational-methodical complex on social studies for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook examines the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings "Thinking, comparing, drawing conclusions", "Testing our knowledge", "Researching, designing, discussing, arguing".

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the respective market: supply line S moved to a new position - S 1 . (P - price; Q - number.)

Which of the following factors can cause such a change? Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. increase in the cost of materials for upholstery chairs
2. increase in wages of workers in factories that produce chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for the chair frame
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to figure out what they ask: about a change in the amount of demand or the amount of supply? In this case, the offer of chairs in the respective market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that the supply has decreased. When completing the task, one must remember that the change in supply is influenced by the cost of factors of production, technology, state tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first variant of the answer is that an increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs will just contribute to a decrease in the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in the wages of workers increases the value of such a factor of production as labor, but also reduce the supply of this product on the market at the same time. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also boost supply. The answer is not correct. Rising electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers, on the other hand, will raise variable costs and lower supply. So, the rise in the cost of consumables, electricity tariffs, wages of workers will force the company to either reduce production or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 11

Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Horizontal mobility presupposes a transition to a social group located at another level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. Personal qualities of a person are the criterion of social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the amount of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 11, we proceed from the knowledge of the concepts of "social stratification" and "social mobility", the criteria of social stratification, types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility presupposes a transition from one social group to another at the same level of the social ladder. Therefore, the first judgment is not true. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, in contrast to the third. A person's personal qualities are not a criterion for social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct because sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the position of social groups shifted.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

In the course of sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: "Which of the directions of the state's youth policy do you consider the most important?"

The results of the polls (in% of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

In the list below, find the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The share of those who note the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics in country Z is less than in country Y.
2. Equal shares of the respondents in each country consider it necessary to carry out educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of educational work.
4. In country Y, equal shares of the respondents noted as the most important areas the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and carrying out educational work with them.
5. The share of those who consider the provision of social support to be the most important is higher in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 12, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important directions of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows the data for these countries. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each of the countries, the leading position was taken by the answer “provision of social support”. Further, in country Z, the second place was taken by the position “conducting educational work”, and the minimum position was taken by the judgment “providing access to decision-making ...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were taken by the judgments “providing access to decision-making ...” and “creating conditions for self-expression”. After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since these diagrams demonstrate this position. The second judgment is not true, since there are more people in country Z who consider "educational work" important than in country Y.

The third proposition is correct, and we saw it during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also true, we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally identical.

The fifth judgment is not true, it can be clearly seen in the diagram. The indicators indicate the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task number 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental safety.
2. The fundamental feature of a state of any type is the implementation of the principle of separation of powers in it.
3. The state has a monopoly on the lawful use of coercion by the forces of law enforcement and security agencies.
4. The external functions of the state include the determination of the general direction of the state's economic policy in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for effective and high-quality activities of state bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 13, it is important to remember the concept of "state", its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a feature of the state as the exclusive right on lawmaking... Therefore, the judgment “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), constitute the basis of the environmental safety of countries ”is correct. The second judgment is not true, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third judgment “the state has a monopoly right to lawfully use coercion by the forces of law enforcement and security agencies” in fact, sends us to the most important feature of the state - the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state "determining the general direction of the state's economic policy." The fifth judgment combines two features of the state: lawmaking and the system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public power (we are talking about state power bodies). We read: “the state creates normative and organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 14

Establish a correspondence between the questions and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction these questions relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

For the correct fulfillment of task number 14, it is necessary to know well the fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the assignment. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the delineation of powers, which we are asked about, are implemented. Earlier, we saw the delineation of powers when completing a tax assignment. It is necessary to remember what is in the exclusive competence of federal bodies: all issues of international relations, defense and security, judicial system, federal property, etc.

The first competence - issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources is under joint jurisdiction A 2... Those. it is a question on which the center and the subjects share the responsibility for solving problems. So, it would be correct to attribute to the same position "the implementation of measures to combat disasters" IN 2... Federal funds for regional development implement the foundations of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1... Positions D and E belong to the exclusive competence of the federal authorities, therefore D 1, D 1.

Task number 15

In Democratic State Z, during the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens from the age of 18, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, education level, income
3. secret ballot procedure
4. single-member constituency voting
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes
6. possibility of nominating independent non-partisan candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the issue is not so much about the types of electoral systems, their reform, but about elections in general(topic "Political participation"). It is necessary to recall the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first judgment is correct. The second proposition refers us to the principle of equality in electoral law, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct, one of the principles is also presented - secret ballot.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate constituencies sends us to the organization of the electoral process under the majoritarian system, as opposed to the proportional system, where the state acts as a single constituency. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes cast also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majority electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task number 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to state bodies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question number 16 again brings us back to the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Human and civil rights and freedoms. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our assignment asks about political rights that ensure citizen participation in the exercise of political power. Therefore, the holding of meetings and rallies is true, appeal to state bodies is true, participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives is true. Paying taxes and fees, protecting the Fatherland are among the constitutional obligations of a citizen, as are the observance of the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, care for the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 17

Choose the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. The marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased.
3. The marriage is concluded in the civil registry office (Civil Registry Office).
4. The legal regime of the spouses' property is established only by the marriage contract.
5. Parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment number 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, as it refers us to article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is marriage concluded in the registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to the mutual rights and obligations of the spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little, it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse must come to the registry office to obtain a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, termination of a contracted marriage... Our task is formulated: the marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options take us to property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the junction of constitutional obligations and the norms of family law: parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses' property is established only prenuptial agreement. This is not true since Not only a marriage contract, but also the norms of family law, i.e. the legal regime of the spouses' property is regulated by family law and is established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 18

Establish a correspondence between examples and measures of legal responsibility in the Russian Federation: for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Assignment # 18 deals with legal liability. When completing the assignment, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary action - A 2... The warning refers to the type of administrative punishment - B 3... Dismissal on appropriate grounds (for example, absenteeism, one-time gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure of the employee to perform labor duties, etc.) - IN 2... Notice - disciplinary action, G 2... Deprivation of liberty - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task number 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery. Find in the above list the features of the difference between a joint-stock company and other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

• division of the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed with a security
• obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• the duty of employees to comply with labor discipline
• distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of losses within the value of the participant's securities
• payment of dividends to owners for the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete the task number 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight the distinctive features of a joint stock company. We recall that joint stock companies, like limited liability companies, belong to economic companies. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activities is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants can be citizens, legal entities and public law entities. Therefore, answer option 1 - "dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed by a security" will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not liable for the obligations of a joint-stock company, but they bear the risk of losses on the company's activities within the limits of the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 - “bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant” (share - security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 - “payment of dividends to the owners at the end of the year”. 2 and 3 judgments - "the obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees", "the obligation of employees to observe labor discipline" refer to the general provisions of Labor Law. But "the distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation" is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a "production cooperative" (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task number 20

Read the text below where a number of words are missing. Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.

“A person who actively assimilates and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________ (A). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (C), cognizes and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is simultaneously the process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and to himself. It is characterized by _________ (D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to all experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries _________ (E) for his choice. "

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose one word after another in sequence, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. a responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The following table lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write down in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

In completing task number 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and substitute words yourself that, in your opinion, are appropriate in meaning. This is how a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, you have to pick up words from those in the list. You will have a success situation when your chosen words coincide with the suggested ones from the list. So, we try to read by inserting words that are close in meaning, then we choose from those available in the task.

“A person who actively assimilates and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(Personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a person is formed - in society. What a person does - transforms the world and himself). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-strong-willed, moral, etc. (in this case, there is a listing of socially significant qualities). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people activity (B) learns and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, the input of which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the world around him). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is simultaneously a process socialization (G).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and to himself. It is characterized by aspiration (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to any experience (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person's life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life) ”.

Part 2

Read the text and complete assignments 21-24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the same salary that he could have by doing that job (and to that extent) that could be claimed by ...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in the demand for labor. A downturn is a cyclical decline in business activity that results in people losing jobs until demand picks up again and business picks up. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in labor demand. It affects those employed in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs and those who are not currently employed due to the transition from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered, although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, wage earners will move from place to place.

Structural unemployed people experience difficulties in getting a job due to insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment, unemployment remains disproportionately high among the structurally unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work ... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing test, most people who have experienced it say they have experienced despair, powerlessness and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for more than a few weeks. For most people, employment is the main and often the only means of meeting material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Studies show that those who do not like their job still prefer to keep it, even when the opportunity to live on other incomes is provided. While working conditions can be detrimental, lack of work leads to just as many problems: increased stress, family conflicts, alcohol and drug addiction.

(K.H.Brier)

When starting to perform tasks on the text 21-24, initially you should read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen for maximum assimilation of the content. I do not recommend that my students read the question right away and chaotically, with a cursory reading, look for answers. As a rule, this practice leads to erroneous answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task number 21

How does the text describe the impact of the recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, is affected by seasonal unemployment? (List all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: "A downturn is a cyclical decline in business activity, as a result of which people lose jobs for a period until demand rises again and there is a recovery in business activity." Those. labor demand fluctuates.

Task number 22

Task number 22 is also best done in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive such a salary that he could have by doing that job (and in that volume) , which could apply ... "

Explain why some workers agree to part-time employment (make two assumptions). When completing this task, I recommend that students write down each suggestion on a new line.

In our case, we can simulate the answer using text. We do not provide examples, because this is not indicated in the assignment.

Answer: employees agree to part-time employment, because it is important for a person to feel significant, needed. Even part-time employment gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and makes it possible to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time employment, because in times of crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social shocks, and allows them to preserve their way of life.

Task number 23

The author notes that "even during periods of high employment rates, disproportionately high unemployment remains among the structurally unemployed." Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author gives us the reasons for the high unemployment among the structurally unemployed: insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that we know from the course of social studies that structural unemployment is associated with the impossibility of finding employment for people of certain professions and the mismatch between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: The high level of structural unemployment even during periods of high employment in the country is associated, as a rule, with changes in production technologies, scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand on the labor market (examples are not required in the assignment, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to refer to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of hired labor.

Answer: the labor code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for workers to advance in their work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and work experience in their specialty, as well as for training and additional vocational education;
2. restrictions in labor rights or obtaining benefits depending on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, affiliation or non-affiliation with public associations are prohibited or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the business qualities of the employee.

The guarantee of non-discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated against in the world of work to apply to the court with an application for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task number 24

Why, according to the author, does unemployment cause a state of despair and confusion in a person? Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about what the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested in.

Using social science knowledge and facts of public life, make two assumptions about what the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested in (in this case, we must give examples, because the question is “facts of public life”).

1. The unemployed state provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand on the labor market. A break in employment for retraining and raising the level of education. Citizen N, after being registered with the Employment Center, was sent for vocational training in the profession of an electric and gas welder.
2. The unemployed state provides an opportunity for organizing self-employment. For example, after being fired from his main job at the closure of an enterprise in the city of Moscow, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Employment Center of the City of Moscow, where he received advice on starting a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task number 25

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "art"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the arts, and one sentence that reveals the essence of the educational function of art.

Task number 25 can be successfully completed only with knowledge of the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. An artistic image can be expressed in different types of art: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person's personality.

Task number 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main responsibilities of an employer, as enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Assignment 26 should identify and illustrate examples of any of the three main responsibilities of an employer as set out in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of workers, training sessions were held on the prevention of injuries,
2. Pay full salary on time. For the delay in the payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was prosecuted in the form of coercion to pay employees in addition to the wages of interest.
3. Carry out compulsory social insurance of employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N was included in the section of the employer's duties.

Task number 27

A new political party was registered in State Z. It has central government bodies and regional offices. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual. The political party won the required number of votes during the elections and won seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central government bodies and regional offices (sign indicates a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating an ideological affiliation is conservative);
• entered parliament after the elections (participates in power - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now questions: Define the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion.

Answer: Since it defends the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: Liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished according to their ideological orientation. Signs of a liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task number 28

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Types of families". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. Basically, this activity tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, the writing of the plan depends on the quality of assimilation of the material of the topic, understanding of its structure. In this case, the theme of the plan is “Types of families”.

1. The concept of a family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (in this version of the plan it is possible not to indicate)
3. Types of families by the nature of the relationship between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) the supremacy of a man;
   C) the economic dependence of family members on men;
   D) strict distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) the economic independence of women;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. Authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (conniving)
4. Modern trends in family development

Task 29

Please select one thing from the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts on the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge obtained in the course of social studies, corresponding concepts, and facts public life and own life an experience.

(Give at least two examples from various sources for factual reasoning.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live according to the law of supply and demand; the law of human life is justice. " (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. "The types of business are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets." (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. "We need schools that do not just teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate a person." (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. "The supreme power is worthy of veneration only insofar as it is a means of ensuring human rights." (A. Kyustin)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of rights is a duty to society. Whoever defends his right defends the right in general ”. (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. "We need schools that do not just teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate a person." (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “knowledge base”, understand on which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas, on which of the topics you can give the most high-quality examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we have chosen a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that the problem of the modern school and the education system is immediately raised. The eternal question: the tasks of education, training and upbringing, which is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - "schools that educate the individual." I will note that we cannot go into the concepts of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So, let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or to carry out an equally important mission - upbringing of the personality?

As you know from the course of social studies, education is a way of becoming a person by acquiring knowledge, acquiring skills and abilities, developing creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is the school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, principles of functioning, which include a network of educational institutions and governing bodies.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: the study period is lengthened, the requirements for the qualification level of teachers are increased, the variability of educational programs is used, individual educational trajectories of students are built, schools are equipped with modern equipment, and new forms of final certification are introduced.

As a result, we see how school graduates demonstrate high scores on the USE, which make it possible to take budgetary places in the leading universities of the capital. According to the results of international research presented by the HSE, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy leading positions in the world in reading, mathematics and science. And also 8 classes in mathematics. According to the researchers, this result was achieved due to the introduction of new educational standards, a system of unified state certification.

But are educational results enough for society and the individual? The author of the quote clearly points us to the most important component of the educational process: the upbringing of a person's personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture for the purpose of educating a person, developing his creative abilities - this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a rich school life: class hours, school festivals, hiking, joint trips with classmates in Russia and other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, shows his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that the social function of education is realized. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, we can cite from childhood the beloved film "Freak from 5 b" vividly demonstrating how the school collective, the class, forms the personality of Boris. How he learns responsibility when he is appointed as a counselor in grade 1.

Thus, V.V. In his remarks, Putin once again stressed the importance of understanding by society and the school of the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual - education and upbringing. "

Russian language and mathematics. According to the data of previous years, almost half of the graduates (49%) take social studies. And this is not surprising, since the USE in social studies is necessary for admission to all humanitarian specialties.

In fact, the subject of "social studies" includes information on various aspects of society, studied within a whole class of humanities: economics, jurisprudence, philosophy, sociology, political science and, to some extent, history.

The version of the KIM USE in social studies has undergone minor changes. The developers revised the difficulty of tasks 28 and 29, which is why the maximum primary score for the entire test increased from 62 to 64.

Assessment of the exam

Last year, in order to pass the Unified State Exam in Social Studies, at least for the top three, it was enough to score 19 primary points. They were given, for example, when the first 13 items of the test were completed correctly.

It is not yet known exactly how it will be in 2019: we need to wait for an official order from Rosobrnadzor on the correspondence of the primary and test scores. Most likely it will appear in December. Considering that the maximum primary score has increased from 62 to 64, it is very likely that the minimum score may also change slightly.

In the meantime, you can focus on these tables:

The structure of the exam

In 2019, the USE social studies test consists of two parts, which include 29 tasks.

• Part 1: 20 tasks (No. 1–20) with a short answer (choose the correct answer from the proposed ones, establish a correspondence between the elements of the two sets, insert the missing word in the text);
• Part 2: 9 tasks (№ 21-29) with a detailed answer (answers to questions, mini-essays).

Preparation for the exam

• Go through exam tests online for free without registration and SMS. The presented tests are identical in complexity and structure to real exams conducted in the corresponding years.

• Download demonstration versions of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and take it easier. All proposed tests are developed and approved for preparation for the exam by the Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). In the same FIPI, all the official versions of the Unified State Exam are being developed.

The tasks that you will see, most likely, will not be encountered in the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones on the same topic.

General USE figures

Year	Minimum USE score	Average score	Number of people who passed	Not passed,%	Qty 100-point	Duration exam time, min.
2009	39
2010	39	56,38	444 219	3,9	34	210
2011	39	57,11	280 254	3,9	23	210
2012	39	55,2	478 561	5,3	86	210
2013	39	56,23	471 011	5,3	94	210
2014	39	55,4				235
2015	42	53,3				235
2016	42					235
2017	42					235
2018

The correspondence between the primary USE scores in 2018 and the test scores in all academic subjects according to the 100-point assessment system is determined by the documents of Rosobrnadzor.

The scale for converting USE scores in 2018 into a 100 point system

To confirm the development of the educational program of secondary general education in each academic subject, except for the USE in mathematics of the basic level, a minimum number of USE scores is established according to a 100-point assessment system.

Also, the minimum number of points in each subject of the Unified State Exam, required for admission to universities, has been established. Below this level, universities do not have the right to set their own minimum scores with which they will accept applicants.

But above - they can. Therefore, these points should be based on (and not be guided by them) if you decide to pursue higher education.

The difference in the minimum points for obtaining a certificate and admission to a university is only in the Russian language.

The results are valid for 4 years following the year of obtaining such results.

The desire to know your results right away is quite understandable, but you should wait a bit. On average, papers are checked one to two weeks, depending on the number of those taking the exam. For example, a large number of children take the exam in the Russian language, on average about 700 thousand people annually.

This is a big exam, so the results will be in about two weeks. And the results from the literature can be obtained much faster. The deadlines for issuing the results to participants are determined by Rosobrnadzor and published on the ege.edu.ru portal.

Scaling Is a procedure for converting primary points into test ones.

• First, the primary score is set, this is the sum of points for all correctly completed tasks.
• The primary score is transferred to a test (secondary) score, which is taken into account when entering a university.

Scale for converting primary points to secondary USE

Information relevant to graduates 2020

INITIAL POINT	TEST POINT
	Russian language	Math Profile	Social Studies	Biology	History	Physics	Chemistry	Foreign languages	Chinese	Literature	Computer science	Geography
1	3	5	2	3	4	4	3	1	2	3	7	4
2	5	9	4	5	8	7	6	2	3	5	14	7
3	8	14	6	7	11	10	9	3	4	7	20	11
4	10	18	8	9	15	14	12	4	5	9	27	14
5	12	23	10	12	18	17	14	5	7	11	34	17
6	15	27	12	14	22	20	17	6	8	13	40	21
7	17	33	14	16	25	23	20	7	9	15	42	24
8	20	39	16	18	29	27	23	8	10	18	44	27
9	22	45	18	21	32	30	25	9	12	20	46	31
10	24	50	20	23	34	33	28	10	13	22	48	34
11	26	56	22	25	35	36	31	11	14	24	50	37
12	28	62	24	27	36	38	34	12	15	26	51	39
13	30	68	26	30	37	39	36	13	17	28	53	40
14	32	70	28	32	38	40	38	14	18	30	55	41
15	34	72	30	34	40	41	39	15	19	32	57	42
16	36	74	32	36	41	42	40	16	20	34	59	43
17	38	76	34	38	42	44	41	17	22	35	61	44
18	39	78	36	39	43	45	42	18	23	36	62	45
19	40	80	38	40	44	46	43	19	24	37	64	46
20	41	82	40	42	45	47	44	20	25	38	66	47
21	43	84	42	43	47	48	45	21	27	40	68	49
22	44	86	44	44	48	49	46	22	28	41	70	50
23	45	88	45	46	49	51	47	23	29	42	72	51
24	46	90	46	47	50	52	49	24	30	43	73	52
25	48	92	47	48	51	53	50	25	32	44	75	53
26	49	94	48	50	52	54	51	26	33	45	77	54
27	50	96	49	51	54	55	52	27	34	47	79	55
28	51	98	50	52	55	57	53	28	35	48	81	56
29	53	99	51	53	56	58	54	29	37	49	83	57
30	54	100	52	55	57	59	55	30	38	50	84	58
31	55	100	54	56	58	60	56	31	39	51	88	60
32	56	100	55	57	60	61	57	32	40	52	91	61
33	57		56	59	61	62	58	33	42	54	94	62
34	59		57	60	62	64	60	34	43	56	97	63
35	60		58	61	63	66	61	35	44	57	100	64
36	61		59	63	64	68	62	36	45	58		65
37	62		60	64	65	70	63	37	47	59		66
38	64		61	65	67	72	64	38	48	61		67
39	65		62	66	68	74	65	39	49	62		68
40	66		64	68	69	76	66	40	50	63		69
41	67		65	69	70	78	67	41	52	64		74
42	69		66	70	71	80	68	42	53	65		78
43	70		67	72	72	82	69	43	54	66		83
44	71		68	73	75	84	71	44	55	68		87
45	72		69	74	77	86	72	45	57	69		92
46	73		70	76	79	88	73	46	58	70		96
47	76		71	77	82	90	74	47	59	71		100
48	78		72	78	84	92	75	48	60	72
49	80		74	79	86	94	76	49	62	73
50	82		76	82	89	96	77	50	63	77
51	85		78	84	91	98	78	51	64	80
52	87		79	86	93	100	79	52	65	84
53	89		81	88	96		80	53	67	87
54	91		83	90	98		83	54	68	90
55	94		85	92	100		86	55	69	94
56	96		86	94			89	56	70	97
57	98		88	96			92	57	72	100
58	100		90	98			95	58	73
59			92	100			98	59	74
60			93				100	60	75
61			95					61	77
62			97					62	78
63			99					63	79
64			100					64	80
65								65	82
66								66	83
67								67	84
68								68	85
69								69	87
70								70	88
71								71	89
72								72	90
73								73	92
74								74	93
75								75	94
76								76	95
77								77	97
78								78	98
79								79	99
80								80	100
81								81
82								82
83								83
84								84
85								85
86								86
87								87
88								88
89								89
90								90
91								91
92								92
93								93
94								94
95								95
96								96
97								97
98								98
99								99
100								100

The system for evaluating USE results is not easy: instead of the usual "fours" and "fives" you will face primary and test scores... What is the primary and test score is easy to understand. It is much more difficult to understand how the primary scores are translated into test scores.

Primary and test score of the exam: definitions

Primary score- this is preliminary exam score... The primary score is obtained by adding up the marks for correctly completed assignments. For example, a correctly completed task of Part A or Part B is estimated at 1 point, Part C - up to 6 points. The maximum number of primary points for all tasks of control measuring materials (CMM) in various subjects ranges from 39 to 80 points.

Test score- this is final USE score... It is obtained from the primary using a special table. Each year, for each subject, its own special table is compiled.

Example: in 2013, the graduate received a primary score of 35 on the USE in history. According to the table, his test score will be 58 / And his deskmate, passing the same story, received one primary point more - 36. His test score according to the table will already be 60.

The number of test points to strive for must be higher than the minimum established for the subject. But, as a rule, graduates who are going to receive higher education know in advance how many test points they need to score to enter a university for their chosen specialty, since universities publish this information.

Converting primary scores to test scores

As we said, there are tables for converting primary scores into test scores... The USE assessment system is such that even knowing his primary score, a graduate will not be able to independently accurately determine his test score, since new tables are drawn up every year. It takes 6-8 days to transfer primary points to test points.

However, in fairness, it should be noted that the tables of different years are not very different: for some subjects the number of test points remains the same, for some it changes by 2-3.