The modern world is moving very quickly, changing and developing. Of course, all these changes are reflected in speech. That is why in English, as well as in Russian, every year there are many neologisms describing modern reality. They cover social issues, new technologies and phenomena. Let's see what neologisms have appeared in English in recent years.
Technology
Technologies are developing by leaps and bounds. Now you almost never meet a person who does not have some fashionable "device". In this regard, there are a great many neologisms in this area:
Selfie- that's what needs no explanation, which of us has not photographed ourselves on a phone or tablet? We habitually translate into Russian as "selfie".
Digital hangover- means a feeling of shame that appears in a person who had great fun yesterday at a party, and today observes "compromising" on the Internet. The so-called "digital hangover".
Cloud computing- the ability to store data and information on servers that can be accessed via the Internet. In Russian, we know this term as "cloud storage".
Zenware- specially designed computer programs that allow the user to focus on work, avoiding distractions.
Phablet- a term formed from the merger of two words - "phone" and "tablet". Means a smartphone that is larger than the screen of conventional smartphones, but still not as large as a tablet. We affectionately call such gadgets "shovels".
Gloatgram- Instagram photos showing their author's great life, travel or food. You can jokingly translate "hvastogram" into Russian.
iFinger- a real-life term, means a finger that we specifically leave clean when eating in order to use a smartphone or tablet.
Textretary is a humorous word derived from "text" and "secretary". Indicates a person who is typing a message for someone else who is driving. There is no exact match in Russian, but descriptively you can use the "navigator-secretary".
Digital detox- tired of endless social networks and Google? Do you want to spend time in the real, not the virtual world? This process of spending time is called "digital detox" or digital detoxification.
Catfishing- Communication on the Internet sometimes causes the temptation to exaggerate or embellish something when describing yourself and your life. In this case, you are doing "catfishing".
Phone-yawn- the phenomenon when one person pulls out a mobile phone in order, for example, to see the time, as a result of which all the people around them also take out their phones. The "contagion" of this action has been compared to yawning.
Guerilla proofreading- careful or rather meticulous looking for errors in the text of messages and then publicly pointing to them.
Cyberstalking- a term denoting the process of virtual pursuit or monitoring. In Russian, it is most often translated as “virtual persecution”.
Child supervision- a phenomenon when children who are well versed in modern "gadgets" help their parents in their use.
Pancake people- a generation of active Internet users who at first glance know a lot, but in fact all their knowledge is rather superficial.
Dialogue
- Hey Tom. I can see that you "re using your smartphone again. You really need to have a digital detox.
- Hi, Mary. I wish I could. I keep receiving these messages from someone who threads me.
- That looks like cyberstalking.
- I don "t think so, it seems like I receive messages from a pancake person... He makes so many mistakes!
- Maybe it "s a child having fun?
- Well, it "s definetely not funny for me.
Dialogue
- Hi Tom! I see you are using your smartphone again. It's time for you to really spend digital detoxification.
- Hello, Mary! If I could. I keep getting messages from someone who threatens me.
- Looks like cyber stalking.
- I don’t think, it looks like I’m getting messages from some ignoramus... He makes so many mistakes!
- Maybe some kid is fooling around?
- Well, I'm definitely not laughing.
Social life
No less than in the technological sphere, neologisms appear in the sphere of everyday life. Here is a list of the most interesting and useful words on social topics.
Bromance- this word describes the close friendship of two guys of traditional orientation.
Facepalm- perhaps the well-known word that expresses a light slap on the face with a hand to express a whole spectrum of emotions, from irritation to disappointment and even disgust. In Russian, most often we just say "facepalm", in some cases you can hear the expression "hand-face".
Dreamathon- probably a well-known term to everyone, means a process when a person turns off the alarm several times, while seeing a new dream before each next call. You can jokingly translate "snorafon" into Russian.
Chandelier earrings- we are talking about massive earrings made of beads, precious stones, etc. The earrings become so complex that they resemble a chandelier.
Defensive eating- Have you ever eaten something so fast that it doesn't get to someone else? If so, you are familiar with the defensive eating process.
Frenemy- a term formed from the merger of two words - friend (friend) and enemy (enemy). Means a person who pretends to be your friend, although in fact his intentions are far from friendly. Most often in Russian they use the word "round" according to the same principle.
Staycation- another example of a combination of two words - stay (stay) + vacation (vacation). Describes a case when a person on vacation does not go anywhere, but stays at home.
Helicopter parent- so figuratively describe parents who constantly monitor their children and do not leave them a step. In Russian, you can often hear the expression "parent-helicopter pilot".
Crowdfunding- the word means collection of money by a large number of people, while everyone pays a small amount. Something like a modern version of the expression "with the world on a thread - naked shirt".
Bucket list- a phrase that means a list of things that you have never done before, but you definitely want to do in life. The phrase became popular after the release of the movie "The bucket list" or "Until I played in the box."
Boomerang child- many children, barely reaching adulthood, try to move out from their parents and live separately. However, this is far from always feasible due to financial situation or other reasons. Such children who have returned to their parents are called "boomerang children."
Stuffocation- already familiar method of merging two words - stuff (things) + suffocation (suffocation). A joking term for so many things in the house that it becomes difficult to breathe.
Cougar- this word means a woman after 40 who is looking for relationships with younger men. We think that such representatives can be easily found among domestic and foreign stars.
Bridezilla- the merger of the words "bride" and "Godzilla". This “affectionate” term is used to reward brides who become overly picky and irritable during wedding preparations.
Me time- this phrase means time spent on yourself. Unplug your phone, TV and tablet / computer / laptop and allow yourself to rest and relax at least for a short time. This process is called "me time".
Dialogue
- Hello Samantha. How are you?
- Hello Chris. I "m fine, just tired.
- And why is that?
- Well, first of all, my sister is getting married soon and with all these preparations she has become a real bridezilla.
- She has all the right to be, it "s her time.
- And I just want to have me time at last! Besides, my son is going to live with me again because he has no money and his friend can "t help him. So much for their bromance! So my son is now officially a boomerang child.
- Can I help you with something?
- No, but thanks for offering.
Dialogue
- Hello Samantha! How are you?
- Hello Chris! It's okay, I'm just tired.
- Why?
- Well, first of all, my sister is getting married soon, and with all these preparations, she turned into a real monster!
- She has every right, this is her time.
- And I want time for yourself finally! Besides, my son is going to live with me again, because he has money and his friend cannot help him. So much for you male friendship! So my son is now officially boomerang child.
- Can i help you?
- No, but thanks for the offer.
As you can see, most neologisms describe mainly 2 things: modern technologies that have become part of our life (good or bad) and social phenomena of society. Familiarize yourself with them, and you will have a great opportunity to "show off" them in a conversation with a foreigner. Good luck!
Big and friendly family EnglishDom
Hello dear readers of the blog site. The Russian language is constantly being enriched with new words.
They are borrowed from other languages, appear as a result of scientific progress, or are invented by specific people, most often writers or media figures.
And then these words go to the people and become a familiar part of our speech. A similar phenomenon and called neologisms.
What is it and examples of the emergence of neologisms
The term itself, like many in the Russian language, has ancient Greek roots. And it literally translates as “ new word"-" neos "(new) and" logos "(word).
For every time their own neologisms are characteristic. For example, the words we are used to today
PUMP, OXYGEN, DRAWING, CONSTELLATION, TEMPERATURE, DIAMETER, HORIZON, SQUARE, MINUS
introduced into Russian by Mikhail Vasilievich. That is, until the middle of the 18th century, they did not exist in the Russian language at all. Lomonosov read many foreign works on physics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, and then translated them. And for ease of perception came up with new words.
“I was forced to look for words to denote some of the tools, things and actions. And although at first they will seem a little strange, I hope that with time they will become more familiar ”(MV Lomonosov)
Or another example. In the middle of the last century, they became active explore space... And the following words entered our lexicon:
COSMONAUT, SCAFFANDER, COSMODROM, MODULE, ZERO-WEIGHT, etc.
We now take them for granted. And then it was also considered a neologism.
Generally in Soviet times a lot of new words have appeared:
KOMSOMOL, KOLKHOZ, SHERPOTREB, CATERING, SBERKASSA and others.
But also present day we are constantly presented with new terms. For example, with the development of mobile communications in the Russian language, the words are firmly entrenched:
And SELFIE was recognized as the word of the year a couple of years ago. Our parents have never heard of this, but now it is familiar to every student.
Or, for example, take financial sphere... The most recent neologisms in Russian are (virtual money) and (mine cryptocurrency), and the word FERMA has acquired another meaning. Previously, it was an enterprise for the production of agricultural products, and now it is also a computer network for "breeding" virtual money.
A little later, we will give a lot of similar examples taken from different areas.
Classification of neologisms
appear in our language constantly(for example, now I’ll come up with a couple and they will appear), but not all of them are fixed in it.Therefore, "new words" can be roughly divided into three categories:
- Words that do not receive no spread and "die";
- Words that do not become popular, but remain in memory;
- Words that popularized and pass from neologisms to common ones.
It is interesting that the main "parents" of such words are children who simply do not have enough vocabulary (read "From 2 to 5" and find out that you can "make a macaron"):
Mom, let me UNPACK the bags.
Dad, watch the rain FORCE.
Once you can call on the phone, it means that he is the SPINE.
Lips are draining from the cold (V. Mayakovsky)
And who do you want to surprise with your BLUFFIES? (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
With the young ladies in the mazurka LEMONNICHAT (F. Dostoevsky)
Examples of neologisms that came from literature
Many, many words were given to us by writers and poets. For example, the English writer Thomas More wrote the book Utopia. In it, he talked about a fictional island on which an ideal system of statehood was built. But in real life this was impossible to achieve.
Cosmetology
LIFTING - skin tightening
SCRUB - skin cleansing cream
PEELING - skin cleansingCulture and entertainment
CASTING - competitive selection
PRODUCER - financial manager in the creation of films or performances
event organizer
REMAKE / REMIX - new version of old music or movie
REALITY SHOW - type of TV show
DRESS CODE - uniform at work and in other placesAdvertising and fashion
- a showroom where product samples are presented
PR - brand promotion
- prevailing trend
- a famous person who goes to concerts, theaters, cinemaSport
FAN-ZONE - a place of mass gathering of fans
REFEREE - synonymous with refereeIt is also worth noting that neologisms can refer to words that have long been in the language, but they have completely new meanings. For example, the ROOF was called the guard, the MOUSE - the computer accessory, the KETTLE - the inept newcomer, and the SOVKOM - reminiscent of the USSR.
That, in fact, is all there is to know about neologisms.
Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site
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