Home Helpful Hints Clauses of time and condition exercises. Conditional sentences in English. Sentences with when in English. Examples

Helpful Hints

Clauses of time and condition exercises. Conditional sentences in English. Sentences with when in English. Examples

Although, for now we will formally assume that the tense of the verb, which is called Future Simple Tense, is the main way to express the future tense in English. By the way, in complex sentences of time and conditions in English, which will be discussed in this lesson, Future Simple Tense is used.

What are adverbial clauses of time and conditions?

They can refer to the present and future tenses (real conditions), as well as unreal. In this lesson, we will focus on complex sentences that refer to the future, type

If the weather is good, I will go for a walk.

Such sentences in English are called conditional sentences of the FIRST TYPE (First Conditionals). Another name is When and If Sentences / First Conditional and Time Clauses.

Please note that in the example in Russian in both parts: in the first part (subordinate) and in the second part (main), the future tense is used.

However, the RULE works in English: there is no future after IF / WHEN.

It means that in the subordinate clause instead of Future Simple, you need to use Present Simple.

NOTE. Instead of the union IF, any other can stand union of time or condition.

Now it's time to get acquainted with the unions of time and condition.

2. Unions of time and conditions in English

If you are a beginner, then remember the two main unions if (if) and when (when).

I will stay if she comes. - I'll stay if she will come.
I will leave when he comes. - I'll leave, when he will come.

A. Conditional conjunctions in English:

if - if
unless - if not
on condition that - provided that

I will stay if she comes. - I'll stay if she will come.
I will stay providing she comes. — I will stay provided that only she will come.
I won't stay unless she comes. - I won't stay if she is not will come.

Note that there is no comma in English conditional sentences.

B. Unions of time in English

when - when
as soon as - as soon as
till (until) - until (until)
before - before, before
after - after

I will leave when he comes. - I'll leave, when he will come.
I will leave as soon as he comes. - I'll leave, once he will come.
I won't leave till he comes. - I will not leave, bye he not will come.
I had left before he came. - I left before he came.
I left after he had come. - I left after he came.

So, let's summarize this topic and formulate once again the main RULE.

In subordinate clauses relating to the future, after unions when and if and others instead of the future tense (Future Simple), you must use the present (Present Simple). Such sentences in English are called First Conditional and Time Clauses.

Please select the correct option for self-test.

I hope you have carefully read the rule, examples and translation. If your opinion differs from the opinion of the MOST, then return to the beginning of the lesson. And we move on to the exercises.

3. Clauses of time and conditions in English. Exercises on First Conditionals

ATTENTION! These offers are not conditional. The rules don't work!
I'd like to know when Dan will be back. I would like to know when Dan will return.
I don't know if she will come home. I don't know if she will come home.

Exercise (introductory).

1. I wonder if he (laugh) all day.
2. She will buy a new bag when she (arrive) to London.
3. I will stay here till he (come).
4. Tell him about it if he (want).
5. I wonder when somebody (come and tell) her what to do.
6. Do you know if your uncle (come back) from his trip tomorrow?
7. Don't tell her about it before she (ask).
8. I will know all about it when I (get) a letter from her.
9. She will catch bad cold unless she (go and change) her wet shoes.
10. I wonder when you (be ready) and if you (be on time).
11. I am not sure when she (return).
12. Will you wait until he (come)?
13. Please, book a return ticket if you (get) to New York.
14. I shall cut some sandwiches in case they (be) hungry.

Exercise 1. Fill in the gaps with when or if conjunctions.

Do the exercise if you are confusing when and if conjunctions.

1. … I go home tonight, I'll have a bath.
2. … there is a good program on TV, I’ll watch it.
3. … there’s nothing in the fridge, we’ll eat out.
4. We'll go skiing next winter ... we have enough money.
5. …it’s a nice day tomorrow, we’ll go swimming.
6. I'm coming to London tomorrow. I'll phone you … I arrive.
7. We're thinking of going to Spain for our holidays. … we decide to go, I'll let you know.

Exercise 2 . Insert when or if dots instead.

A similar exercise, but in the second part there is sometimes an imperative mood.

1. … you can't do your homework, ask for help.
2. I'll give the money back to you, … I see you next time.
3. I'll come to bed … this program ends.
4. … anyone phones me, tell them I'm out.
5. Come on! … we hurry, we’ll catch the bus!
6. … I play tennis with Justin, he always wins.
7. The shops are full of things to buy… Christmas comes.
8. "I've lost my bag." - "... I find it, I'll let you know."

Exercise 3 . Make a compound sentence out of two simple ones using the conjunctions given in brackets. Apply rule 1.

SAMPLE: I'll wait here. You'll get back. ( until) - I'll wait here until you get back.

1. Give me a ring. You'll hear some news. (when)
2. The TV program will end. I'll do my homework. (after)
3. I'll go to work. I'll have a bath. (before)
4. She'll be in Paris. She'll visit friends. (when)
5. The lesson will end. I'll go home. (as soon as)
6. I won't leave the house. The postman will call. (until)
7. Can you feed the cats? I'll be away (when)
8. I'll tell you about the holiday. I'll get back. (when)
9. I'll study English. I'll speak it perfectly. (until)

Exercise 4 . Your friend is going on vacation. Ask him questions about his trip.

SAMPLE: What/do/miss/plane? — What will you do if you miss the plane?

1. What/do/plane/be delayed?
2. Where/stay/hotels/be full?
3. Who/talk to/not make any friends?
4. What/do/not like the food?
5. Where/go/beaches/be crowded?
6. What/do/get sunburnt?

Exercise 5 . Open the brackets using the correct tense Future Simple and present simple.

SAMPLE. When I (see) Tom tomorrow, I (invite) him to our party. — When I see Tom tomorrow, I will invite him to our party.

1. Before you (leave), don't forget to shut the windows. 2. I (phone) you as soon as I (arrive) in London. 3. Please don't touch anything before the police (come). 4. Everyone (be) very surprised if he (pass) the exams. 5. When you (see) Brian again, you (not/recognize) him. 6. We (not/start) dinner until Jack (arrive). 7. (you/ feel) lonely without me while I (be) away? 8. If I (need) any help, I (ask) you. 9. Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) annoyed if we (be) late.

Exercise 6 Combine two sentences into one according to the model. Use unions of time or conditions according to the meaning.

SAMPLE. You are going to leave soon. You must visit the doctor before that. — You must visit the doctor before you leave.

1. I'll find somewhere to live. Then I'll give you my address.
2. It's going to start raining. Let's go out before that.
3. I'm going to do the shopping. Then I'll come home straight.
4. You'll be in London next month. You must come and see me then.
5. I'm going to finish reading this book. Then I'll get the dinner ready. (when)
6. We'll make our decision. Then we'll let you know. (as soon as)

Exercise 7. Insert if or when instead of dots.
1. … I see Tom tomorrow, I'll invite him to our party.
2. … it rains this evening, I won't go out.
3. I'll phone you … I get back.
4. I'm feeling very tired. I think I'll go straight to bed … I get home.
5. I'll be very surprised ... he doesn't get the job.

Exercise 8 Make up semantic chains of sentences according to the model using if and will.

SAMPLE. If the earth gets warmer, the sea will get warmer. — If the sea gets warmer, the ice at the North and South Poles will melt. — If the ice …, etc.

1. the earth gets warmer
2. the sea gets warmer
3. the ice at the North and South Poles melts
4. the sea level rises
5. there are floods in many parts of the world

Exercise 9 . Your friend is going abroad. Ask him questions.

SAMPLE: What/do/fall ill? - What will you do if you fall ill?

1. What/do/lose your passport?
2. What/do/not like/the food?
3. Where/go/need to phone your parents?
4. What/do/want/to make friends?
5. What/do/decide to improve your pronunciation?

Exercise 10 . Put the verbs given in brackets into the correct form. The proposals are for the future.

1. If you (eat) another cake, you (be) sick. 2. You (fail) your exam if you (not/study) hard. 3. What do you (do) if you (fail)? 4. Our children and grandchildren (suffer) if we (not/look after) our planet. 5. If you (be) late, I (go) without you. 6. If she (pass) her driving test, she (buy) a car. 7. If my neighbors (not/stop) making a noise, I (complain).

1. Choose in brackets the correct version of the union of time. Translate the sentences.

Please, call me ... (while/as soon as/till) you arrive at the station.
... (Until/After/Before) going to sleep, she likes reading a book for an hour or so.
Don't sit down ... (until/after/while) we ask you.
The house became empty ... (after/before/until) they left.
I won't start my journey ... (when/while/until) he pays all my expenses.
... (As soon as/While/Before) he was making a fire, it started raining.
... (While/Till/As soon as) we get married, we'll move to another place.
Turn off the light ... (before/when/while) the lesson is over.
You should read this paper ... (before/until/while) you express your opinion.
We won't start our dinner ... (after/until/as soon as) Richard arrives.

2. Combine two simple sentences into one compound one using the suggested union in brackets.

For example: Don't call your uncle. First I'll tell you. (till) - Don't call your uncle till I tell you. (Don't call your uncle until I tell you.)

Tom will come in a minute. Then I will go to the chemist's. (as soon as)
I will come home soon. I want to have a foam bath. (when)
We are moving to Miami. Then we'll invite you to our house. (after)
You will need my car. But first let me know. (before)
Alice will be picking up the berries. Sam will be cutting the grass. (while)
She will have finished her homework in half an hour. Then she will go for a walk. (after)
Dad will have repaired the van by Saturday. Then we'll travel to the lakes. (as soon as)
You must clean your teeth. Then you may go to bed. (until)
I will get my salary next week. Then I will buy a new smart phone. (when)
First wait for the green light on. Then you can cross the street. (before)

3. Put the verbs in brackets in the required tense form.

For example: He ... (help) us with the housework before the party ... (start). – He will help us with the housework before the party starts . (He will help us clean the house before the party starts.)

You need to buy a present before your wife ... (come).
I ... (drop) my keys as I was leaving the apartment.
As soon as you sign the contract we ... (send) the payment.
After the princess fell asleep, she ... (have) a scary dream.
Robert woke up while the sun ... (rise).
After he ... (break) his arm he never ... (play) volleyball again.
She was doing shopping while her sister ... (wash) the windows.
We'll go to the beach as soon as the film... (be over).
Don't eat chocolate until your allergy ... (disappear).
Can you feed my cats when I ... (go) on holiday?

Answers:

as soon as (Please call me as soon as you arrive at the station.)
Before (Before going to bed, she likes to read a book for about an hour.)
until (Don't sit down until we ask you to.)
after (The house was empty after they left.)
until (I will not start my journey until he has paid all my expenses.)
While (While he was making a fire, it started to rain.)
As soon as (As soon as we get married, we will move to another place.)
when (Turn off the lights when the lesson is over.)
before (You should read this document before giving your opinion.)
until (We won't start dinner until Richard arrives.)

As soon as Tom comes, I will go to the chemist's. (As soon as Tom comes, I will go to the pharmacy.)
When I come home I will have a foam bath. (When I get home, I will take a bubble bath.)
After we move to Miami, we'll invite you to our house. (After we move to Miami, we will invite you to our house.)
Please, let me know before you need my car. (Let me know before you need my car.)
While Alice will be picking up the berries, Sam will be cutting the grass. (While Alice is picking berries, Sam is cutting the grass.)
After she has finished her homework, she will go for a walk. (After she finishes her homework, she will go for a walk.)
As soon as dad has repaired the van, we'll travel to the lakes. (As soon as dad fixes the truck, we'll go to the lakes.)
You won't go to bed until you clean your teeth.
When I get my salary I will buy a new smart phone. (When I get paid, I will buy a new smartphone.)
Don't cross the street before you see the green light on.

comes (You need to buy a present before your wife arrives.)
dropped (I dropped the keys while leaving the apartment.)
will send (Once you sign the contract, you will send payment.)
had (After the princess fell asleep, she had a terrible dream.)
was rising (Robert woke up while the sun was rising.)
broke - played (After he broke his arm, he never played volleyball again.)
was washing (She was shopping while her sister was washing the windows.)
is over (We will go to the beach as soon as the movie ends.)
disappears (Don't eat chocolate until your allergy disappears.)
go (Can you feed my cats when I go on vacation?)

subordinate clauses in English they are part of complex subordinates and perform the function of one of the members of the sentence, being, as it were, its expanded version.

For example, in this sentence, the circumstance is expressed in one word - carefully:

I was driving carefully. - I drove carefully.

And now let's expand the circumstance, replacing it with a subordinate clause of the mode of action. You get a complex sentence like this:

I was driving as if I had china on my backseat. “I drove like I had china in the back seat.

Accordingly, there are as many subordinate clauses as there are members of the sentences they replace.

Subject clauses

The subordinate clauses perform a function and answer the same questions as the subject: who? what? They are connected with the main sentence by unions and allied words:

that
whether, if - whether,
who, whom - who, whom,
which - which
when - when
where - where, where,
how - how,
why - why.
whose - whose,
what - what, what,

It is bad that you made a mistake. It's too bad you made a mistake.

Whether they will leave today is not known yet. It remains to be seen whether they will leave today.

Adverbial clauses predicates

Adverbial predicates perform a function and answer questions: what is the subject? what is it? They are connected to the main clause with the same conjunctions and allied words as the subject clauses.

The question is whether they want to join us. “The question is whether they want to join us.

The weather is not what it was yesterday. The weather is not the same as yesterday.

Complementary clauses

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In this lesson, we will get acquainted with the relative clauses of time and condition and find out which conjunctions are used to build them.

There are different types of subordinate clauses in English. One of them are circumstantialadnexalsuggestions, or adverbialClauses(Fig. 1). As the name implies - "circumstances" - these sentences perform the functions of various circumstances, whether it be time, place, cause, effect, purpose or condition. Today we will focus on the subordinate clauses of time and condition.

Rice. 1. Adverbial Clauses ()

Adverbial clauses of time, or adverbialClausesofTime, respond to questions:

When? (when?)

how long? (how long?)

unions:

When - when

After - after

Before - before,

Till/until - until...

While - while / while,

As soon as - as soon as.

For example:

When I entered the room, my sister was playing with her toys. - When I entered the room, my sister was playing with dolls. (Fig. 2)

She asked him another question before he had answered the previous one. She asked him one more question before he answered the previous one.

He took a nap while I was out. He took a nap while I was gone.

Branch 1. The order of adjectives before the noun

In cases where several adjectives are used to describe a noun, they should usually be listed in a specific order.

So, the description of the subject begins with an adjective expressing the attitude of the speaker towards it. For example, beautiful - beautiful, lovely, nice. Then they go to the description of the size - small (small), large (big). Then age (old - old), after which come the shape (round - round) and color (green - green). And finally, there are the origin (English - English, Italian - Italian) and the material (wooden - wooden) from which the item is made.

For example,

A lovely small new round black Italian leather bag (Fig. 3)

It is also worth remembering that numerals always come before adjectives:

three fresh apples

the second large building

Particular attention should be paid to the fact that in subordinate clauses of time the verb is never used in the future tense, even if the action refers to the future. Instead of the future tense, we use the present. That is, instead of Future Simple, we use Present Simple. As for the main clause, it can be used in the future tense.

For example:

when she returns home, she ’ llcall her brother. - When she gets home, she will call her brother.

As soon as I pass all my exams, I will go to the sea. - As soon as I pass all the exams, I will go to the sea. (Fig. 4)

Condition clauses, or adverbialClausesofCondition, respond to question:

Under what condition? (under what condition?)

They are connected to the main sentence with unions:

Unless - if ... not

For example:

If you don't believe me, call Mrs. Watson. - If you don't believe me, call Mrs. Watson.

I won't go unless the weather is nice. - I'm not going anywhere unless the weather is good.

If I were you, I wouldn't buy this dress. - If I were you, I wouldn't buy this dress.

In the subordinate clauses of the condition, instead of the forms of the future tense (Future Tenses), the forms of the present (Present tenses) are used, despite the fact that the action is future. The main clause can be used in Future.

For example:

If I have enough money, I willget some lollipops. - If I have enough money, I will buy some candy. (Fig. 5)

He willbecome much stronger if he does exercise every day. - He will become much stronger if he exercises every day.

Thus, once again note that the future tense is not used after the conjunctions of the clauses of the tense and the condition. That is, neither after when nor after if, as the most common unions, there is no future tense.

Branch 2. About the verbs “do” and “make”

Both the verb “to do” and the verb “to make” mean “to do something”. But now we will talk about their difference.

The verb “to do” can be used when we do not say exactly what activity we are talking about, for example, when the words “something”, “nothing”, etc. are used:

During that day we had nothing to do.

During that day we had nothing to do.

We need to dosomething!

We need to do (undertake) something!

When it comes to some kind of work, we also put the verb “do”:

We can do the shopping together.

We can go shopping together. (Fig. 6)

They did so much work yesterday.

They did so much work yesterday.

As for the verb “to make”, it is used to denote the creation, construction, production of something:

She made a delicious soup.

She made (cooked) delicious soup.

We made a plan and started implementing it.

We made (came up with) a plan and began to implement it.

your sister makessuch adorable dolls!

Your sister makes such adorable dolls!

At the same time, you should not make a fairly common mistake “make a photo”, as it is correct to say “take a photo” (take a picture).

And now let's do some exercises to understand the use of the Adverbial Clauses of Time and Condition better.

Now let's do an exercise to better understand the peculiarities of using clauses of time and condition.

Please, fill the gaps with the necessary form of the verb in brackets

1. Please turn off the light when you ___ the room. (to leave) → leave

2. I hope I will see you before you___ . (to start) → start

3. Don't leave until your father ___ back. (to come) → comes

4. He will stay with us after he___ London. (to leave) → leaves/has left

5. I am sure she'll let you know as soon as she___ some news. (to get) → gets

6. If it ___, we will stay at home. (to rain) → rains

7. What will you do if you ___ soaked? (to be) → are

8. In case you ___ the 9:30 train, there is another one at 9:55. (to miss) → miss

9. They will take a dog after they ___ a new flat. (to buy) → buy

10. When I ___ a cup of tea, I ask my Mom to make it. (to want) → want

Branch 3. Abbreviations in English

It often happens that we cannot understand the meaning of a sentence just because of one word. It is especially difficult when the translation of this word is not even in the dictionary. Usually, English abbreviations that have appeared recently fall into this situation, and words used in correspondence are most often abbreviated. Let's look at some examples.

asap = assoonaspossible = As soon as possible

b4 = before = before, before

brb = be right back = nowI'll be back

c = see = see

u = you = you

b = be = to be

IDK = I don't know = InotI know

SY = see you = I'll see you

TNX/THX = thanks = Thanks

NP = noproblem = It's my pleasure(lit.: no problem)

YW = youarewelcome = please

Bibliography

Afanasyeva O. V. Series "New English Course for Russian Schools". Grade 5 - M: Bustard, 2008.
Fomina I. N., Fomina L. V. English language in algorithms. - Dnepropetrovsk, 2007.
Pakhotin A. All about modal verbs and subjunctive in English. - M: Publisher Kareva, 2005.
Dubrovin M. I. Illustrated guide to English grammar. - M: Nachala-Press, 1992.

Audio-class.ru ().
Moodle.kubsu.ru ().
Alleng.ru ().

Homework

Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Simple or Future Simple (all actions refer to the future).

1) … I (to see) you before you … (to start)? 2) What ... he (to do) when he ... (to come) home? 3) Where ... they (to go) if the weather ... (to be) fine? 4) He ... (to ring) me up when he ... (to return) home. 5) If it ... (to rain), we ... (to stay) at home. 6) She ... (to walk) home if it ... (not to be) too cold. 7) I am sure he ... (to come) to say good-bye to us before he ... (to leave) St.Petersburg. 8) Please turn off the light when you … (to leave) the room. 9) If we ... (to be) tired, we ... (to stop) at a small village half-way to Moscow and ... (to have) a short rest and a meal there. 10) If you … (to miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at 10.35. 11) She … (to make) all the arrangements about it before she… (to fly) there. 12) Before he … (to start) for London, he … (to spend) a day or two at a hotel not far from here. 13) Don "t go away until mother ... (to come) back. 14) I ... (to speak) to Mary if I ... (to see) her today.

Choose the correct form of the verb.

1. I "ll call you as soon as I ... tickets for the train.

1. to buy 2. buy 3. shall buy 4. bought

2. If the day ... hot, we shall go to the beach.

1. shall be 2. is 3. was 4. will be

3. If he ... home before Friday, he will help us to do the translation.

1. returns 2. will return 3. return 4. returned

4. Please, drive us to the airport if you ... time tomorrow morning.

1 .have 2. will have 3. shall have 4. has

5. If you ... to see all these places, you must stay for a week.

1. shall want 2. want 3. to want 4. will want

6. As soon as you ... back from your trip, call on me.

1. came 2. shall come 3. come 4. will come

7. Speak to him about it when you ... him.

1. see 2. will see 3. seen 4. sees

8. They will go for a walk before they ... to bed.

1. goes 2. will go 3. go 4. went

9. Will you wait until he ... back?

1. come 2. will come 3. comes 4. to come

10. Come to see me before you ... for the south.

1 .left 2. will leave 3. leave 4. leaves

We have already discussed the rules with you if, so they have a lot in common with them. For example, it is worth remembering that it is not customary to use the future in subordinate clauses of time. At the same time, it will most likely sound in the Russian version. But first things first.

English sentences with when. Construction scheme

Let's see what it should look like English sentences with when. The fact that we are talking about complex sentences should be taken into account.

When+ subject + action ( present simple) , subject + action (future simple)

The adverbial tense can be located both at the beginning and at the end of a complex sentence. Above we wrote more or less standard scheme sentences with clauses of time. But it is worth noting that you do not necessarily have exactly when in one of the parts. Words like: as soon as, till, until, while, before, after, are also not friends with future Simple, when they are part of a complex sentence.

If you are already well real conditionals, then problems with the relative time should not arise.

Sentences with when in English. Examples

Now let's look at examples of how to use sentences with when in English.

example	translation
I will get in touch with you as soon as I come back.	I will contact you as soon as I return.
When it gets warmer, she will feel better.	When it warms up, she will feel better.
The children will do this before the teacher comes.	The children will do this before the teacher arrives.
Bob will get his salary after he finishes the project.	Bob will receive his salary after the completion of the project.
I won't do this until you ask me.	I won't do it until you ask me to.

pay attention to until. This word already has a negative meaning due to un. Therefore, it would be a mistake to say: I won't do this until you don't ask me. All because in English sentence It is not customary to use two negatives at the same time.