Typical proposal for English language differs from Russian in a strict word order. Arbitrary permutations are highly undesirable. Although individual authors change the correct sequence to impress readers and listeners. This applies to fiction writers and park speakers. But ordinary people even in domestic life it is better to avoid deviations from the standards. Especially for those who are just learning a foreign language. First, you should get used to composing English sentences as it should, then, if you wish, you can take some liberties.
Simple sentences in English
Simplicity denotes the completeness of thought, a single action performed by an actor, including an inspirited person or a whole group of people. unity in this case- a purely grammatical category, regardless of the diverse reality. Simple sentence in english(Simple Sentence) contains a maximum of one subject (Subject) and a predicate (Predicate). Or does not contain explicitly at all, the main members are implied from the previous context. No semicolons, transitions from one thought to another through a comma, and excursions-explanations with the union “what”. The phrase has a clear semantic focus: a narrative, a question, a prompt or an exclamation. This is emphasized by punctuation marks in writing or voice intonation during oral pronunciation.
Simple sentences in english divided into non-common and widespread. Both one and the other are divided into the following types:
- two-part (two-member);
- one-part (one-member).
In two-part, there can be a subject and a predicate together, these are called complete:
– The baby is smiling.
In incomplete, there is only a subject:
– My parents, of course;
or just the predicate:
– Swimming in the sea.
One-part sentence in english is a specific type, where main member cannot be clearly attributed to the subject or predicate . It is expressed as a noun or verbal infinitive. For example: – To stay here? - stay here? Summer! - summer!
Uncommon Offers
Unextended Sentence contains only a grammatical basis - a subject with a predicate, and even then not always completely, as in the above incomplete ones. There are no additions, circumstances and definitions. Example: – I am sleeping. Here the speaker does not specify where and when he sleeps, in what environment.
Common Suggestions
Extended Sentence consists of a base and related minor members:
- definitions (Attributes);
- add-ons (Objects);
- circumstances (Adverbials).
The definition clarifies the subject (subject), describes its features. Expressed by one or more words referring to the most different parts speech, most often to adjectives. Is in front of the subject or immediately after it.
– very little child can't eat much.
– Something unusual happened to them.
Definitions slightly break the usual word order, where the subject comes first, then the predicate, then - minor members, except in circumstances that could actually be anywhere.
Additions are either direct or indirect. Direct denotes the object on which the action is performed. Used without prepositions before it. In Russian, it is usually translated in the accusative case.
– We have bought a car .
– You are doing exercises .
Indirect object is translated in dative, instrumental or prepositional. Appears in complicated speech constructions, where, in addition to the actor (subject) and the main subject (object), a “third party” is also involved. If the indirect object is without the to particle, then it is placed before the direct one, used with it comes after the direct one.
– Professor gave books to the students .
– professor gave them books.
Circumstances determine the time and place, the conditions in which events occur. Usually contain prepositions, although they can be expressed in just one word. Circumstances are included English sentences in different places:
- before the subject In the evening she was reading;
- after additions - He had finished his work at the library ;
- between the auxiliary verb and the main - They have already completed their homework.
In the latter case, as a rule, short adverbs are used.
Personal offers
In Personal Sentence, the subject is a specific person or thing: "I", "my friend", "fast car". Expressed by a pronoun or a noun with definitions.
If the subject is already clear from the previous context, it may be omitted explicitly. All the same, such English sentences are considered personal. For example: - I wrote the letter. Then subscribed it.
Indefinitely personal sentences
Indefinite-personal contains one (singular) or they (plural) as the subject.
- One may not enter this room - you can not enter this room;
- They say, next summer will be wet - they say next summer will be wet.
impersonal proposals
Impersonal sentences in English are composed with the formal subject it, since the subject cannot be completely absent, as happens in Russian.
- It is snowing outdoors - it's snowing outside.
- It becomes dark - it becomes dark.
- It seems - it seems.
Types of sentences in English
Offers are of the following types:
- narrative - end with a dot;
- interrogative - end with a question mark;
- exclamatory - ends with an exclamation mark;
- incentive, or imperative - usually also with an exclamation at the end.
Declarative sentences
In a declarative sentence in English, the word order is direct.
Types
- Affirmative.
- Negative.
Affirmative, in fact, have already been considered earlier. In negatives, there should be only one negation, not like in Russian, with a frequently occurring double. The particle not comes after the modal (auxiliary) verb. In everyday conversations, abbreviated forms with continuous pronunciation are widely used: isn't, aren't, wasn't, weren't, wouldn't, don't, doesn't, didn't, haven't, hasn't , hadn't, can't, shouldn't.
Examples
- He is a good student - a statement.
- He isn't good student - denial.
With the word "No":
– No rival could win him.
– There is no newspaper on the desk.
In addition to "No" and "not", nobody, none, no one, nothing, neither (nor), nowhere are used for negation. These words should not be duplicated either.
exclamatory sentences
Exclamative Sentences express strong emotions, are pronounced loudly and clearly.
Types
They can be combined with a question, then at the end there is a question mark before an exclamation mark, and at the beginning one of the characteristic words: What, Where, When, How ...
Examples
– Shut up! - shut your mouth!
– What is this?! - what it is?!
Interrogative sentences
An interrogative sentence in English is characterized by an increase in the timbre of the voice from the beginning to the end.
Types
- General.
- Special.
A general question is asked without the use of question words. The auxiliary verb comes first. A special question begins with the word "who", "what", "where", "when", "how" ...
Examples
– Who is there?
– Do you like roast beef?
Imperative (incentive) sentences
Imperative Sentence is close to exclamatory, but instead of a passive expression of emotions, it encourages action more or less politely. exclamation mark may not be at the end unless it is a sharp order. Since the interlocutor is known, the pronoun You is often omitted, breaking the classic word order .
Types
- Affirmative.
- Negative.
A command aimed at third parties, as well as expressing soft request or an offer of help, it is customary to begin with the verb let. Negative imperative sentences in english always start with the verb do.
Examples
– Listen to me.
– Don't touch me.
- Let him go away.
- Let's play!!
Let's in last example is an abbreviation for let us. Full form almost never included English sentences, except that they want to surprise the interlocutor with royal courtesy.
Outcome
Having considered various sentences in English, it is useful to practice writing them. Requires special attention correct order words. Although in real life there are many exceptions, both common and invented, to make the phrase unusual. For a person who simply wants to talk to foreigners, the most general knowledge of sentences is enough. But a linguistic student needs to learn to accurately define grammatical constructions, to distinguish between complex predicates, circumstances, additions and definitions. Sometimes this requires a lot of work. But having gained experience, it is no longer possible to make a mistake in your speech. A demanding teacher will give a high mark, and foreign acquaintances will be delighted.
» Offers in English
In order to express your thoughts in English, it is not enough just to learn a list of words. These words must be placed correctly in the sentence. It is simply necessary to know the structure of the English sentence, because each member of the sentence has a specific place, and this order cannot be violated. Therefore, let's look at how sentences are built in English in order to avoid misunderstandings and mistakes in speech and writing.
To build a sentence in English, you need to know its members. As in Russian English members sentences are divided into main and secondary. Let's consider each type separately:
- The main members of the sentence are the members of the sentence, thanks to which the grammatical center is formed. In simple words, without them, the proposal will not make sense. The main members are the subject and the predicate.
- The subject, as a rule, is expressed by a noun or a pronoun. The noun is used in the common case, i.e. in its standard dictionary form in singular and plural:
Note that the article may change to a definite article or not at all, depending on the subject / person implied.
If we talk about pronouns, then personal pronouns in the nominative case are usually used here. Table of all pronouns of this group:
| I | I |
| we | we |
| you | you you |
| he | he |
| she | she is |
| it | this is it |
| they | they |
And also some indefinite and negative pronouns, for example:
The subject usually comes at the beginning of the sentence before the predicate.
- The predicate is expressed by the verb. This part of speech is the key when making a sentence in English, because it shows at what time the action happened, is happening or will happen. There can be two verbs in the predicate:
- An auxiliary verb is a verb that is used to express time. As such, it does not have such a meaning in itself and is not translated into Russian in any way. However, his presence is necessary if the temporary form requires it. For example:
- The main or semantic verb is a verb that expresses the action performed by the subject:
- Secondary members of the sentence - members that explain the main or other minor members. Without them, the sentence will still make sense, since the minor members are not the grammatical center of the sentence. The secondary ones are:
- A definition that answers the question "what?" and "whose?". It can be expressed in almost any part of speech. Consider only the most popular cases:
- Adjectives:
- Communion:
- Participle turnover:
- Numerals:
- Personal pronouns in the objective case:
The definition expressed participle turnover, usually comes after these sentence members:
- Indirect - an addition that answers all other case questions:
- Circumstance denotes place, cause, time, manner of action, and the like. The circumstance is related to the predicate, but it can be used both at the beginning and at the end of the sentence. The first option is perhaps less common. The circumstance most often expressed is:
adverb
or a noun with a preposition:
How sentences are built in English: the structure of an English sentence
Having studied all the members of the sentence, you can proceed to the construction of the sentences themselves in English. Building a sentence in English is quite easy because, as mentioned earlier, it is done in a fixed order. What does this mean? For example, in Russian we can freely change the order of the members of a sentence. The meaning will be preserved, because the sentence will not lose its logic. The English language is stricter. So, if a sentence begins with a subject, it cannot be rearranged with a predicate. An example for clarity:
As you can see, the whole 5 options expressions of the same thought in Russian are contrasted with only one phrase in English.
However, it is worth paying attention to the fact that there are 3 types of English sentences, namely affirmative, negative and interrogative. Each has its own version of the construction of the English sentence.
How to build affirmative sentences in English
Making an affirmative sentence requires direct word order. Direct order means that the subject comes first in the sentence, then the predicate, after the object and circumstance. Scheme for clarity:
Sometimes circumstance can start a sentence.
Examples:
- I forgot to do the English exercises. — I forgot to do my English exercises.
- Yesterday I bought a Lego construction set to my nephew. Yesterday I bought my nephew a Lego set.
- We'll go home after training. We will go home after practice.
- He is trying to find this spelling rule. He is trying to find this spelling rule.
- I have no idea how to learn to play the guitar. — I have no idea how to learn to play the guitar.
How negative sentences are built in English
English sentences in negation also have direct word order. The only difference is that to write negative sentence it is necessary to use the negative particle not (not). Such sentences always have an auxiliary verb, so the particle is placed after it.
Examples:
- I do not know how to draw up a contract. I don't know how to make a contract.
- We don't study at the university. We don't go to university.
- Jane will not be there. Jane won't be there.
- He is not working at the moment. - It's not working at the moment.
- I haven't done sport exercises today yet. I haven't done sports today yet.
- I was not aware of the situation in Paris. I didn't know about the situation in Paris.
How to write a sentence containing a question
Unlike the other two types, interrogative sentences in English must use reverse word order. At reverse order the part of the predicate, namely the auxiliary verb, comes first, and after it comes the subject. The semantic verb and the secondary members of the sentence remain in their places. Accordingly, the use of an auxiliary verb in questions is also a necessity. Scheme:
Examples:
- Do you like this album? — Do you like this album?
- Did they go fishing the day before yesterday? Did they go fishing the day before yesterday?
- Have you been to Moscow? - Have you ever been in Moscow?
- Are you listening to me? - You are listening to me?
If sentences contain a question word, it is used at the very beginning:
But to make a sentence with a disjunctive question, you have to move away from standard scheme. Such a question is built using an affirmative or negative sentence in the first part and short question in the second:
That's all. We hope you have learned how to write sentences in English. In fact, English sentences are like a constructor, you just have to pick up its correct parts. To consolidate the material, do exercises on the topic. And most importantly - communicate with native speakers, because no exercises will give you as much knowledge as people who speak this language.
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English grammar can often seem strange. So many rules for making sentences and almost as many exceptions to those rules can drive even native speakers crazy. Although, in general, to a greater extent, English sentences are built on a similar structure. Follow our simple tips that will surely help you put words into sentences much easier.
1. Observe the word order in the sentence. As a rule, in the case of an affirmative, this is a subject, predicate, object, and for an interrogative: interrogative pronoun(who, what, why), auxiliary verb (to be, do, have), subject, predicate, secondary members.
- Jane crossed the street. Jane crossed the street.
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In this sentence, the subject is Jane, the predicate is crossed, and the object is the street. To make it easy for you to remember this a simple circuit, try to make several sentences of this kind, and make one of your acquaintances the subject, thus trying to say in English about what actions he performs.
2. Members of the sentence are not always represented in one word. The subject, verb, or object is sometimes expressed in more than one word, so look at the structure of the sentence, not each word individually, if you want to find meaning.
- People who eat a lot get fatter and fatter. People who eat a lot get fatter and fatter.
In this sentence, the subject is "people who eat a lot". We call a multi-word subject a "subject phrase". Therefore, when translating sentences into Russian, try to find the subject and predicate - it will be easier to understand its meaning.
3. There are two types of additions in English. Sometimes in a sentence there are two objects at once: direct (direct), if it has a direct connection with the subject (what?), And indirect (indirect) (to whom?), if its connection with the subject is weaker.
- He bought some sweets for his children. He bought some sweets for his children.
In this sentence, “sweets” (what?) is a direct object, and “his children” (to whom?) is indirect and is usually followed by a preposition and completes the sentence.
- He bought his children some sweets.
In this sentence, direct and indirect objects are reversed. If the indirect object is used first, the preposition is no longer needed.
4. But not all proposals are so simple. As in Russian, in English there are also compound sentences (Compound sentences), consisting of two or more simple sentences, each of which is built according to the specified scheme. The sentences that make up a complex sentence are connected to each other by a union.
- I bought a dress and my friend bought a skirt. I bought a dress and my friend bought a skirt.
Here is an example of a complex sentence consisting of two simple ones, each of which is built according to the scheme: subject + predicate + object.
5. Learn the exceptions to the rules. There are many different sentence structures in which sentences are built in slightly different ways. Learn to compose not only narrative, but also interrogative, exclamatory sentences etc. - English is full of surprises and secrets, which you need to study consistently and constantly, then the desired result will be achieved.
When learning a foreign language, it is not enough to memorize new vocabulary. Next important step is the transformation of learned words into meaningful statements. In order for them to be able to convey to the listener the information that the speaker wants to convey, it is necessary to correctly approach the preparation of sentences in English. One of the existing problems is the word order in English utterances, which often has nothing in common in Russian analogues - translations. AT English order words is not free, and to put it even more precisely, it is rather strictly fixed.
Putting any member of the sentence in the first place has little effect on the general meaning of the English statement, but introduces a certain new emphasis into it - highlighting the main idea that the speaker plans to convey to others. The order of the members of the English sentence is fixed and dictated completely certain rules. A schematically common English sentence can be represented as follows (naturally, in real speech, some members can easily be absent, their number in the example is not regulated by anything, except for the intention to show their location):
- circumstance (= adverb) - (definition = adjective) + (subject = noun, pronoun) - predicate (= verb) - object (object = pronoun, noun) - circumstance (= adverb), e.g. That autumn the above mentioned person hunted ducks very often. - That autumn the aforementioned man hunted ducks very often.
English sentences are bipartite in nature, which means that the subject and predicate are always present in them. Russian monosyllabic sentences are not applicable to English. English circumstances can take places both at the very beginning and at the very end of the sentence. Subjects and objects may be preceded by definitions. If there is an object in the sentence, it usually follows immediately after the predicate, for example:
- It`s windy. - It's windy. (Here, in English version we have subject + predicate).
- It was getting colder. - It was getting colder. (In the English version, subject + predicate).
- It's cold and sunny today. - It's cold and sunny today. (In the English version, subject + 2 predicates + temporal circumstance).
- Jane bought a beautiful picture there. Jane bought a beautiful painting there. (In the English version, subject + predicate + object with definition + circumstance of place).
- The old hunter lived alone. “The old hunter lived alone. (In the English version, we have definition + subject + predicate + adverbial mode of action).
If there are several objects in an English sentence, then they will be arranged in a certain order: first the indirect object (to whom? why?), then the direct object (what? whom?) and only then the prepositional object (how? for what? etc. .), for example:
- His cousin brought them some big shells from the beach. - His cousin brought them some large shells from the beach. (Here, the subject with the definition "my cousin" to it precedes the predicate "brought", and after the predicate the indirect object "them" follows first, and then the direct object with the definition "some big shells" to it, and then the adverbial "from the beach" , which with the same success can be put at the very beginning of the sentence: From the beach his cousin brought them some big shells).
- Elisabeth gave her colleagues some interesting magazines for reading. Elizabeth gave her colleagues some interesting magazines read. (Here, after the predicate "gave" one follows the indirect object with the attribute "her colleagues" to it, then the direct object with the attribute "some interesting magazines" to it, and then the prepositional object "for reading").
Above, the compilation of sentences of a narrative nature was considered. If the statement contains a question, then it will be constructed somewhat differently. At the beginning of interrogative sentences, corresponding interrogative words, as well as auxiliary verbs, may appear. In questions different types word order will also be different.
AT general issues the auxiliary verb comes first, and then the word order is preserved, as in a regular declarative statement. The verb "be" for education interrogative form does not require an auxiliary verb, for example:
- Is Barbara from Berlin? – Yes, she is. – Barbara from Berlin? - Yes.
- Is her neighbor a pediatrician? - No, he is not. Is her neighbor a pediatrician? - Not.
- Did he drink his tea? – Yes, he did. Did he drink his tea? - Yes.
- Does Ann learn Spanish? – No, she does not. – Ann is studying Spanish? - Not.
In special English questions, the main goal is to find out certain details or details about something. Such questions are composed using special interrogative words or groups of words, from which it becomes clear to which of the members of the sentence this question is asked. If the interrogative word refers to the subject of the utterance, then the word order is preserved exactly the same as in a similar sentence of a narrative nature, for example:
- Where is Barbara from? Where is Barbara from?
- What is her neighbor? - Who is her neighbor by profession?
- What did Robert drink? What did Robert drink?
- Who studies Spanish? Who is studying Spanish? (Here we have a question for the subject).
- How long were you there? – How long were you there?
- How many books did John read? How many books has John read?
- How old is Mary? - How old is Mary?
- Whom have your children seen in the garden? Whom did your children see in the garden?
- What color is Elisabeth`s new car? What color is Elizabeth's new car?
AT alternative questions the opponent is asked to make a certain choice. The order of the words in them is the same as in general questions, for example:
- Is Elisabeth`s new car yellow or green ? Is Elizabeth's new car yellow or green?
- Are they going to buy apples or pears? Are they going to buy apples or pears?
The last type of English questions are tag questions. Their main part is an affirmation or negation, and in the second part the question itself is asked directly, in the structure of which an auxiliary verb and a pronoun are necessarily present. If in the first part we have a statement, then in the second there is an additional particle not. If there is negation in the first part, then there is no not in the second part. Such questions are used when you want to get confirmation from the interlocutor of the thought expressed, for example.
In English, as in Russian, there are five categories of sentences, the rules for constructing which you need to know accurately in order to successfully communicate in the language.
- Simple sentence - compound sentence
- Declarative sentence - interrogative sentence- exclamatory sentence
Simple sentence in English
Simple sentences are those sentences in which only one actor(subject) and one action (predicate). With simple sentences, things are not so simple. You need to know a fixed word order - unfortunately, in English it is strict and it is highly undesirable to deviate from it.
For the English sentence, The main rule consists of two points:
1. The subject is in the first place, the predicate is in the second, and then everything else follows.
Schematically, this can be represented as follows:
Table 1. Word order in an English sentence
|
SUBJECT |
PREDICATE |
OTHER MEMBERS OF THE OFFER |
|
to work every day. |
||
The following remark should be made to this table: BEFORE the subject, you can put a definition. And secondly, this scheme is used for affirmative English sentences, i.e. those that end with a dot.
2. An English sentence ALWAYS has a predicate, i.e. verb!
Even if you don’t hear this verb in the Russian translation of this sentence. For example: There are many wolves in the forest. (there is not a single verb here, although you can remake this sentence for a convenient translation: “There are many wolves in the forest.” This version already has a verb - there is). - There are many wolves in the forest.
Difficult sentence
We call a complex sentence a sentence of several simple sentences. As a rule, there are no difficulties with complex sentences, unless it is a complex sentence (that is, a sentence with a subordinate clause).
If you have already graduated from school a long time ago, then the term “subordinate clauses” most likely will not tell you anything. Therefore, let's refresh our memory: there are simple sentences (in which there is one predicate / verb), and there are complex sentences (they consist of several simple ones). In turn, complex sentences are divided into compound sentences (in which you can put the union “and” between several simple sentences) and complex sentences (in them, from one simple sentence to another, you can ask the question “what? why? where? when? under what condition? how? etc.”) And the subordinate clauses are just those simple ones to which we give a question. They are also called dependents. The scheme of a complex sentence looks like this:
As can be seen from the diagram, various conjunctions serve as a link between the main and dependent clauses: where, when, which, whose, because, if, etc.
It all seems so far and incomprehensible, but in fact we use complex sentences much more often than we ourselves notice it. So, as unions often act:
Who used in relation to persons (= who):
I'll call George, who is good at computers.
Which refers to inanimate objects, animals, as well as to the main sentence as a whole (= which):
Don't buy the lipstick which we saw yesterday.
She has already finished the report which will allow her a pay rise.
That refers to both animate and inanimate objects (=which):
The man that we met yesterday is my ex.
The car that Tim bought used to be mine.
Table 2. English words complex sentence connectors
It is important to observe the correct punctuation (punctuation marks) in complex sentences.
The structure of complex sentences, as a rule, corresponds to two possible schemes.
Main clause + union + subordinate clause
Relative clause + , + Main clause
Alan couldn't come to the meeting as he was ill.
Things get more complicated if the subordinate clause starts with who, which, or where. Sometimes a comma is needed, sometimes not - it depends on how IMPORTANT this clause is for the meaning, whether it is stressed, accented.
Main clause + conjunction + Significant subordinate clause
The driver didn't remember the place where he had left the car.
The subordinate clause EXPLAINS the word place. Without this subordinate clause, the clause will lose its meaning, so it is significant. This means that a comma before it is not needed - it cannot be separated from the main sentence in any way.
Main clause + , + Insignificant subordinate clause
The driver didn't remember the parking lot in his neighborhood, where only expensive cars are parked.
The main sentence already contains a specification - in his neighborhood. Therefore, the subordinate clause is DESCRIPTIVE, it does not represent important information. This means that it can be separated from the main clause by a comma.
Also, subordinate clauses can interrupt the main thing, "wedged" into it. In this case, select or not select with commas on both sides.
The driver didn't remember the place where he had left the car well.
The driver didn't remember the parking lot in his neighborhood, where only expensive cars are parked, well.
How to write sentences in English
Declarative sentence
The classification into declarative, interrogative and exclamatory sentences is based on punctuation marks. At the end of the narrative we put a period, at the end of the question - a question mark, at the end of the exclamation - an exclamation point. However, they differ not only in punctuation, but also in word order. In declarative sentences, the word order is direct - we talked about them above.
Interrogative sentence
So, there are 2 basic types of questions: general and. To the first we answer “yes” or “no”, and to the second we answer something specific, special (depending on what is asked in the question itself). Remember that the word order in any English sentence is FIXED, and this also applies to questions.
0 place- QUESTION WORD
- What - what? which?
- Who - who?
- Who(m) - to whom? by whom?
- Where - where? where?
- When - when?
- Why - why?
- How - how?
- How much (many) - how much?
- Which - which?
- What - what?
- Whose - whose?
1 place- AUXILIARY
- is/are/am
- do / does / did
- will / would / shall
- have / has
- can / could
- may/might
- ought
- should
2nd place- SUBJECT
3rd place- BASIC (SENSITIVE) VERB
4th place- OTHER WORDS
There are also a few notes about this structure:
NOTE 1. How to choose an auxiliary verb? Very simple: the auxiliary verb is the one that is first present in the original sentence. For example:
- Danny is a worker ---> is
- Anna will drive ---> will
- They have finished the report ---> have
Therefore, to ask a question, you just need to rearrange the subject and predicate in places.
What if there is no auxiliary verb? For example: We visited the museum. Here we have only the main verb - visited. Therefore, when there is no visible auxiliary verb, then it is do / does / did, depending on the tense. In our case, this is did, since the verb is in .
NOTE 2. The main (semantic) verb, when you ask a question, goes clean, that is, without any endings, in its initial form.
NOTE 3. How to understand 0 place? This position in the question is called so because interrogative words are only in special questions, but they are not in general ones. It is by the question word that you determine what to answer. For example:
Mother gave her son a tasty medicine yesterday because he was ill.
- Who? -Mother
- Whom? - son
- Whose son? - her
- What? - medicine
- What medicine? - tasty
- When? - yesterday
- Why? - because he was ill
In general questions (those to which you answer “yes” or “no”) there is no interrogative word, that is, the auxiliary verb immediately goes.
Exclamatory sentence
As a rule, exclamatory sentences begin with what (what for .., what ...) or how (how ...). Here, too, you need to be careful with word order.
What..!
Table 3 Word order of the English exclamatory sentence
How..!
In exclamations, after how it is customary to put either an adjective or an adverb.
How sweet! - How cute!
How lovely! - How funny!
Sometimes you can find a more detailed construction: How + adjective / adverb + subject + predicate.
How interesting it was to hear her story!
How wonderful it is to see you!
