Born in 1952 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, permanently lives in Vladivostok. Graduated from the Far Eastern State University. Ph.D. - on the history of oriental studies in the Far East, and in 2004 he defended his dissertation at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences (Activities of communities of Americans of Russian descent on the Pacific coast of North America and Hawaii. 1867 - 1980s .) Currently head of the Department of Japanese Studies and Korean Studies of the Eastern Institute of the Far Eastern State Technical University, teaches at the Vladivostok University of Economics and Service, as well as at the Far Eastern State University.

Academic awards and grants: Japan Foundation (2006-2007) The Influence of Japanese Culture on the Russian Far East: Historical and Anthropological (ロ シ ア に お け る 日本 文化 の 普及); Fulbright research fellowship, Oct. 2001-May 2002. Topic: Russian immigration to the West coast of America; Fulbright research fellowship, Oct. 2001-May 2002. Topic: Russian immigration to the West coast of America; ACTR, Research program for Regional scholars, Feb. - Jul. 1995; IREX, Individual Advanced Research grant for foreign scholars, Aug. 27, 1993-Apr. 27, 1994. Topic: Russian emigration to China, Korea, Japan and California; Arthur L. Andrews Distinguished Visiting Professor of Asian and Pacific Studies Chair, Univ. of Hawaii, Jan.-June 1992. Visiting Professor. Gave 6 lectures on the history of the Russian Far East. Published as a separate edition; USSR Russian America Committee, Chairman, 1990-1991 for planning the Bering / Chirikov conference held in Anchorage, Alaska, Aug. 5-7, 1991. Chairman of the conference organizing committee Bering-Chirikov - 1991; Scientific consultant of the exhibition Nagasaki - 90. Participant of many scientific conferences in the USA, Japan, China, France, Germany and Finland.

• "Glorious great deeds ...", or ascetics of the region and society (1884 - 2009): Handbook. - Vladivostok: Publishing house of VSUES, 2009 .-- 227 p .: ill.
• About Russian Americans who made America rich = Russian Americans who enriched America: Materials for the dictionary. - Vladivostok: Publishing house of VSUES, 2008 .-- 244 p.
• Russians in Hakodate and Hokkaido or Notes in the Margins. - Vladivostok: Far East Publishing House. University, 2008. - 405 p., ill.
• Vladivostok: Publishing house of Dalnevost University, 2007 .-- 273 p.
• Three centuries of studying the Far East: (Materials for researchers' biobibliography). Issue I (1639-1939) / A.A. Khisamutdinov; otv. ed. P.G. Mountain; RAS, Far Eastern Branch, Central Scientific Library. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2007 .-- 667 p.
• The Russian word in the land of hieroglyphs: Towards the history of the emigre press, journalism, library science and archives. - M .: Publishing house Dalnevost. University, 2006 .-- 303 p .: ill.
• Society for the Study of the Amur Region. Part 2: Figures and ethnographers. - Vladivostok: Publishing house of VSUES, 2006 .-- 248 p.
• Vladimir Klavdievich Arseniev. 1872 - 1930 .-- M .: Nauka, 2005 .-- 223 p.: Ill.
• ... - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2005 .-- 256 p.
• Society for the Study of the Amur Region: Events, People. - Vladivostok: Publishing house of VSUES, 2004 .-- 274 p. In the New World or The History of the Russian Diaspora on the Pacific Coast of North America and the Hawaiian Islands. - Vladivostok: Far East Publishing House. University, 2003 .-- 323 p.
• Next stop - China: From the history of the Russian emigration. - Vladivostok: Publishing house of VSUES, 2003 .-- 243 p.
• After the Sale of Alaska: Russians on the Pacific Coast of North America (1867 - 1980s): Materials for the encyclopedia. - Vladivostok: Publishing house of VSUES, 2003. - 263 p., Ill.
• ... - Vladivostok: Far East Publishing House. University, 2001 .-- 358 p .: ill.
• - Vladivostok: Far East Publishing House. University, 2000 .-- 359 p .: ill.
• By countries of dispersal. In 2 hours - Publishing house of VSUES, 2000. Part 1: Russians in China. - 360 p .; Part 2: Russians in Japan, America and Australia. - 170 p .: ill.
• White sails in Eastern Pomerania. - Vladivostok: Far East Publishing House. University, 2001 .-- 164 p.
• Under the Star of Oriental Studies: Russian interpreters and orientalists in the Far East: 2 hours - Vladivostok: Publishing house of the Far Eastern State Technical University, 1999. - Part 1. - 1999. - 179 p.: Ill.
• From Vladivostok antiquity. - Vladivostok: Publishing house of VSUES, 2001 .-- 218 p., Ill.
• His name was Arseniev-Ussuriisky: Doc.-ist. feature article. - Vladivostok: Ed. OIAK, 1997 .-- 135 p .: ill.
• Vladivostok: Sketches for the history of the old city. - Vladivostok: Far East Publishing House. University, 1992. - 328 p .: ill.
• The world of the library: (East. Primor. Kr. Scientific library named after M. Gorky). - Vladivostok: Far East. book publishing house, 1990 .-- 92 p .: ill.
• Terra incognita, or Chronicle of Russian travels in Primorye and the Far East. - Vladivostok: Far East Publishing House. University, 1989 .-- 352 p.
• The Russian Far East: historical essays. - Honolulu, 1993. - viii, 177 p. - Eng.
• Author of over 100 scientific articles.

Amir Khisamutdinov's e-books:

With love for art. Russian émigré artists in China: Materials for the dictionary= With the love of art: Russian artists in China: materials for a dictionary. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta. 2017.62 p., Illus.

One-way ticket: China East Railway Station. One Way Ticket: A Story Illustrated= “One way ticket”: stations of the Chinese Eastern railway; A history in illustrations. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo federal'nogo universiteta, 2017.42 p., Illus.

Russian émigré writers in China: Materials for the dictionary (1st half of the 20th century)= Russian émigré writers in China. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.125 p., Illus.

Russian writers in San Francisco and Los Angeles= Russian writers in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.63 p., Illus.

Japanese of Russian origin: Nikolay Matveev= Japanese of Russian origin: Nikolai Matveyev. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo federal'nogo universiteta, 2017.66 p., Illus.

Beijing in the diaries of I.I. and A.N. Serebrennikov= Beijing in the I.I. and A.N. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.164 p., Illus.

The road to the Orthodox church in Tokyo= The road to the Orthodox Church in Tokyo. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevoctochnogo universiteta, 2017.93, p., Illus.

How Russians appeared in America= How Russians appeared in America. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.135 p., Illus.

Russian sports in China= Russian sports in China. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.85 p., Illus.

Russian printed word in California= Russian press in California. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.129 p., Illus.

Russian Hakodate: Notes from a travel diary= Russian Hakodate: notes from a travel diary. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.76, p., Illus.

In search of Russian landmarks in Hokkaido= In search of Russian landmarks in Hokkaido. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.56 p., Illus.

"Torn from their homeland, which an artist needs no less colors and inspiration": Russian artists in China= “Far from their homeland, which artists. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.63, p., Illus.

Russian humor and satire in China= Russian humor and satire in China. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017. 60, p., Illus.

Harbin: "Migratory Birds" (1st half of XX century)= Harbin: “Migratory birds” (the 1st half of the 20th century). Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.65, p., Illus.

Korea: Russian pages of history= Korea: Russian pages of its history. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.91, p., Illus.

Russian historian in America= Russian historian in America. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo universiteta, 2017.75 p., Illus.

- Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, from 1998 to 2013 - Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after V.I. ME AND. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region, Russia). At present, he is a scientific consultant at the Sober Bash Winery (Krasnodar Territory, Smolenskaya station). He actively cooperates with ZAO Pobeda of the Temryuk region of the Krasnodar Territory.
In 1995 he graduated with honors from the Kuban State Agrarian University (Krasnodar) with a degree in Fruit and Vegetable Growing and Viticulture. In 1999, at the FGBNU VNIIViV them. ME AND. Potapenko defended his thesis in the specialty 06.01.08 - Viticulture on the topic "Effective ways of reconstruction and restoration of vineyards that are losing their productivity." Scientific supervisor - head of the laboratory of agricultural technology of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VNIIViV named after ME AND. Potapenko, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Shamil Nazhmutdinovich Huseynov.


In the laboratory of agricultural technology VNIIViV worked since 1995. He conducted research on effective methods of reconstruction and restoration of vineyards, dealt with the problem of planting grape plantations with various types of planting material. He studied the influence of grafting methods on the longevity of grafted vineyards, searched for the least costly and labor-intensive, most effective ways to eliminate sparseness in grafted vineyards, dealt with the issue of alternative methods of obtaining grafted planting material for grapes.
He studied various methods and modes of application of green grafting in the restoration and replacement of the varietal composition of industrial vineyards in non-covering crops without reducing the yield. Conducted research on the search for optimal methods and modes of green grafting when creating grafted non-covering (Kristall variety) and covering (Cabernet-Sauvignon variety) plantings. Investigated the questions of affinity of the Violet Early variety using intercalary inserts on the rootstock; as a stock - grade Levokumsky and Kober 5BB.
According to the results of the development, he has 8 patents for research and inventions in the field of grape grafting production, 54 scientific publications.

Khisamutdinov A.F. is considered to be one of the best specialists in grape grafting in the south of Russia. In one day, he can make about 300-400 vaccinations with a very high survival rate (87-90%).

Extensive practical experience in performing vaccinations allowed him to publish in 2004 a popular science brochure "Grafting grapes: some aspects and nuances", which describes in detail the most common and effective methods of grafting grapevine, gives practical recommendations for caring for grafted plants, gives the best terms for inoculation, especially the preparation of bushes for inoculation, recommended materials and tools. The stages of vaccination are illustrated with photographs. In 2008, this book was republished with an addition - the section “Planting a vineyard on a personal plot”.

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G.P. Turmov, A.A. Khisamutdinov

Vladivostok

© Turmov G.P., Khisamutdinov A.A., 2015

© LLC "Publishing house" Veche ", 2015

© LLC "Publishing house" Veche ", electronic version, 2015

Publishing house website www.veche.ru

Don't just write about the history of Vladivostok. Solid monographs and numerous reference books tell mainly about the official side of the city's life. But Vladivostok has many faces, its history is ambiguous, and many aspects of the past have so far remained in the shadows, unknown even to local historians, not to mention broad strata of the townspeople. Sometimes only a happy accident, a faithful companion of many hours of vigil over the filing of old newspapers and magazines, archival materials and books, helped to find a clue to unclear historical moments.

From the first days, when in the distant 1639 Russia reached the shores of the Pacific Ocean, the main task was to find a suitable place for the main port city. Initially, it was Okhotsk, a yasak fort, founded by Russian pioneers in 1665 to collect taxes from local residents. The role of this small settlement in those years was enormous. It was from here that the Russian boats built here with very simple armament were taking a course to the most different points of the Pacific Ocean. From here the great Vitus Bering with his famous expedition set off in search of the legendary America.

In October 1790 Okhotsk received its coat of arms. In its upper part, the coat of arms of Irkutsk, the capital of Eastern Siberia, was depicted - a running tiger with a sable in its teeth, and in the lower part there were two crossed anchors with a standard - the symbol of the seaport - on a blue background. As you can see, the elements of this coat of arms were also used in the symbolism of Vladivostok.

In 1799, the Russian-American Company was formed, and the role of Okhotsk increased even more: it became the center of the all-Russian market in the Pacific Ocean. From July 15 to September 15, fairs were widely held here, the turnover of which can be judged by one figure: in 1837, goods worth 324,859 rubles were sold here.

But in terms of navigation, Okhotsk was located in a very unfortunate place. Rapidly changing shoals, sharp tidal currents, navigational hazards significantly complicated the work of sailors, so in 1849 the port in Okhotsk was closed and moved to Ayan, founded in September 1864. But with the closure in 1867 of the Russian-American Company and this port has ceased to play a serious role.

The function of the main city in the Pacific Ocean passed to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. In 1812 it was declared a city, in the summer of 1854 the military governor V.S. Zavoiko with a small garrison successfully repelled the attack of the Anglo-French squadron. In order to avoid new troubles, the entire population of Petropavlovsk was transferred to Nikolaevsk-on-Amur the following year.

The first days of fasting Vladivostok (after the drawing by A.F. Budishchev)

By the middle of the 19th century, Russia realized that the search for a Far Eastern outpost had reached an impasse. None of the available ports met the necessary requirements: to have a harbor that could be easily defended from the coast from the enemy, large enough for the navy and close to the market.

Then the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov drew attention to the south of Primorye. What was this land like?

Boyar's son S. K. Remezov created an amazing map back in 1701. On it, Primorye is surrounded by a fortress wall and is designated as the "kingdom of Nikan" bordering on China and Korea. By the way, on the same map at the mouth of the Amur there is an inscription: "Tsar Alexander the Great has reached this place."

The contemporaries of the Nikan Empire left the following testimony about him: “... the state of Nikan, more than the Chinese state, was angry with people and wealth, gold and silver and precious stones, silk, kamka and all sorts of alkanes, fragrant herbs and saffron abound; male and female sex is extremely pure in front of Chinese people; and now he, the Tsar of Nikan, is at war with the Chinese Tsar, and the Chinese Tsar, through his Chinese state, does not allow Russian people with goods for bargaining to enter the Nikan kingdom. ”

Judging by the map, the Golden Horn Bay for some reason did not attract the first sailors, but on the Russky Island in the Novik Bay there was a large port.

Another famous cartographer, the Frenchman D "Anvil", in 1737 neatly drew on his map the Muravyov-Amursky peninsula, marking on it the Razdolnaya (Suifun) river - Suifond Pira, Russky island - Yohang toun, Popov and Reinike islands - Mama-saha and Sarhatchousaha and some other geographic features.

Let our dear readers not be confused by the unusual names of familiar places. These are the few pieces of evidence from the past that remind us of past events.

The Bohai (Nikan) kingdom collapsed, and silence reigned again on the coastal shores. Only occasionally did the fragile boats of the seasonal fishermen enter the azure bays, the land was, in fact, no man's land - trepang was being mined, therefore one of the bays (the present Golden Horn) bore the name Haishenwei - trepang bay. The Jesuit La Brunière, a French missionary, tried to get here from China, but he could only reach the Iman River (now Bolshaya Ussurka).

None of the newcomers broke the silence of these places until the middle of the 19th century, and this was preceded by an event that seemed to have a very distant relationship to Primorye - the Crimean War.

The Anglo-French squadron unsuccessfully tried to find the Russian ships that had left Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The enemy, in confusion, plowed the deserted Far Eastern seas, trying to guess where the Russian detachment could have gone. And the solution was simple, now every schoolchild knows it: Amur is navigable at its mouth and there you can calmly wait out any bad weather at anchor. So the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia N.N. Muravyov gathered a small number of Russian forces in these places.

Two British frigates, Winchester and Barracuda, were heading south along the seaside. Early in the morning on August 12, 1855, the British set out for a nearby harbor. Admiral Seymour ordered to investigate it and make measurements. “We entered the port of May, a spacious, well-protected harbor,” wrote J. Tronson. - The hills, overgrown with oak, elm and hazel, gently descended to the water itself. In some places the trees receded, and the shore there was covered with dense grass and flowers. Vines of grapes in one place created a real garden, and in another - the coast of the harbor was occupied by a vegetable garden (the intersection of the present streets Svetlanskaya and Aleutskaya. - Approx. a Tue). Grains such as barley, buckwheat, and millet grew in the field near the shore; several horses grazed near the cultivated land. It was not difficult for us to get potatoes, which were of very good quality - medium-sized, round and dry. "

In Thronson's book, by the way, the first drawing was given with the image of the Golden Horn Bay and two English frigates, the Barracuda and the Winchester, standing on its roadstead.

At a small cape, the sailors noticed how the striped owner of these places, a tiger, flashed through the thickets. This cape, as well as the nearby hill, immediately received the name Tigrovykh. This is one of the few names in our city that have survived from the time the British entered the Golden Horn.

Along the Explanation River, the English sailors on a large sailing launch climbed five miles. Who would have believed it looking at today's small stream?

Foreword

Foreign necropolises are important for every country, although the attitude towards them is different due to cultural and religious differences. In particular, it was important for the Japanese to transfer all Japanese graves without exception from Russia to their homeland. At the same time, the graves of British, Canadian and Czech soldiers still remain at the memorial site of the Marine Cemetery in Vladivostok.

The situation with Russian graves abroad was also different. Researchers are most often interested in the fate of sailors, Cossacks and officers, identifying them by their epitaphs. During many years of work on the history of Russian emigration in the Asia-Pacific region, the author came up with a hypothesis about the completeness of the disclosure of this topic: the amount of knowledge about the biographies of people who finished their life there is directly proportional to our ideas about the objective historical processes that took place in one or another Russian community abroad: in San Francisco, Tokyo, etc. Comparing them with contemporary publications about Russians in these regions, one can find that the authors mark no more than three to five percent of people who have ever lived and buried there. This does not mean at all that one should write about everyone, but, of course, every destiny should be taken into account. Only then can a researcher say that he knows something about the history of the Russian diaspora.

Land of the Rising Sun.The Land of the Rising Sun.

StideTelbwithTvOm of the first contacts between Russia and Japan were Russian graves. That is why there have long been Russian communities in the Land of the Rising Sun, as well as Japanese communities in Russia. The Japanese tried to preserve the Russian graves, starting with those that appeared after the sinking of the frigate "Diana" in Shimoda Bay, to the burials of the victims of the Russo-Japanese War.

Hokkaido- Nemuro

The closest to Russia is Hokkaido. It was here that the first Russian burials appeared. On October 9, 1792, a Russian ship entered the Nemuro Bay with A.K. Laxman, who wanted to start trading with the Japanese. About eight months A.K. Laxman and his companions spent in Nemuro. Here a sailor died of scurvy; he was buried under a tree on which Lovtsov ordered to carve an epitaph. This is how one of the first Russian graves appeared in Hokkaido (now lost).

Russian graves became evidenceof the first contacts between Russia and Japan. The Russian saying that “One doesn’t choose one’s neighbors and relatives” has an exact Japanese equivalent. It pleased history that our countries turned out to be very close neighbors. Precisely for this reason there have been Russian communities here for a very long time, just as there have been Japanese communities

in Russia. The Japanese have tried to preserve Russian graves, beginning with those that appeared after the wreck of the frigate “Diana” in Shimoda Bay and continuing to the graves of casualties of the Russo-Japanese War.

Hokkaido is located closest to Russia. The first Russian burials appeared precisely here. A Russian vessel, on board which was Adam Kirillovich Laksman who wanted to start trade with the Japanese, entered Nemuro Bay on October 9, 1792. Laksman and his traveling companions spent approximately eight months in Nemuro. One sailor died from scurvy here; he was buried under a tree on which Lovtsov ordered that an epitaph be carved. That was how one of the first Russian graves (now lost) appeared on Hokkaido.

In November 1888 in the La Perouse Strait the guard schooner "Cruiser" was lost. The ship washed ashore near the Soya lighthouse. Near the mouth of the Onetomari River, the Japanese found the corpse of a sailor. By the tattoo on his arm, it was determined that this was the sailor F.E. Ivanov. He was buried at the foundation of the Soya lighthouse, forever linking Hokkaido with Vladivostok (the grave is now lost). Exactly one year later, the commander of the Vladivostok port issued an order to erect a monument to Russian sailors from the Kreiserok schooner in the garden of the Marine Assembly. Its solemnly
opened on October 28, 1897

In November of 1888 the screening schooner “Kreiserok” perished in the La Perouse Strait. The vessel was thrown ashore not far from Soya Lighthouse. The Japanese discovered a seaman's corpse near the mouth of the Onetomari River.
Due to an unsuccessful attempt to pick up the crew. They were buried here ashore.
Based on the tattoo on his arm, they determined that this seaman was F. E. Ivanov. He was buried by the foundation of Soya Lighthouse, thereby linking forever Hokkaido with Vladivostok (the grave is now lost). Exactly a year later the commander of the port of Vladivostok issued an order regarding the erection of a monument to the Russian seamen of the schooner “Kreiserok” in the garden of the Naval Assembly. It was opened officially on October 28, 1897.

At the end of August 1877, the "Aleut" under the command of Lieutenant S.A. Krasheninnikova starred from Vladivostok in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. On the way, the hurricane threw a ship near the fishing village of Setana in Hokkaido. An unsuccessful attempt to pick up the crew killed eight people. They were buried here on the shore.
In October 1858, the first Russian diplomatic mission in Japan was opened in Hakodate. A little later, the first Orthodox church in Japan. This city was important for Russia due to its proximity to Russian territories. Russian warships stopped at Hakodate until 1870. After the ship's anchorage moved to Nagasaki, Hakodate ceased to play the role of a temporary base.

After the end of the Civil War in 1922, Russian émigrés often chose Hokkaido as their place of residence due to its proximity to the Russian border. The same situation was typical during this period for China and Europe. The refugees assumed that the Soviet regime would soon collapse, and they would be able to quickly return to their homeland. Russian émigrés were mainly engaged in the peddling trade or supplying Japanese fishermen. The composition of the Russian community can be traced from the statistics of the graves in the Russian cemetery. Burials of military sailors (26 graves) mainly date back to 1860-1865; civilians (3 graves) - by 1864-1874; Russian emigrants (8 graves) - by 1934-1939. It should be borne in mind that Russians who were in mixed marriages are buried in Japanese cemeteries. Besides Hakodate, Russians lived in Sapporo, Otaru, Asahikawa and Kushiro.

The Russian Cemetery in Hakodate

The first Russian diplomatic mission in Japan was opened in Hakodate in October of 1858. This city was of importance to Russia because of its proximity to Russian territories. Russian warships stopped at Hakodate until 1870. After the anchorage was transferred to Nagasaki, Hakodate ceased playing the role of a temporary base.
After the end of the Russian Civil War in 1922 Russian emigrants often chose Hakodate as their place of residence because of its closeness to the Russian border. During this period the same was characteristic of China and Europe. The refugees assumed that Soviet power would soon collapse and they could make a speedy return to their homeland. For the most part Russian emigrants worked as peddlers or were engaged in supplying Japanese fishermen. The Russian community's composition can be traced based on the statistics of graves at the Russian Cemetery. The graves of seamen (26 graves) mainly date to 1860-1865; civilian graves (3 graves) date to 1864-1874; and those of Russian emigrants (8 graves) date to 1934-1939. One must bear in mind that Russians who were in mixed marriages were buried at Japanese cemeteries. Apart from Hakodate, Russians lived in Sapporo, Otaru, Asahikawa, and Kushiro.

Another large center where many Russians lived was Naga-saki (Kyushu). At first, Russian ships came here for repairs, temporary parking or wintering. At this time, many members of the families of Russian sailors were here, and Russian trade expanded significantly. The Jewish community began to develop at the expense of immigrants from the European part of Russia. Mixed marriages have appeared. Subsequently, the number of vessels decreased as a result of the development of the Vladivostok shipyard. At the end of the 19th century, Nagasaki became a popular resort for residents of the Russian Far East, who came to the Unzen and Shimabara thermal springs. At this time the Orthodox Church was opened. There are two cemeteries in Nagasaki where people from Russia are buried. The Russian cemetery has about a hundred graves made before the Russo-Japanese War. The bodies of another 160 people who died of wounds during the Russo-Japanese War were brought here from different places in 1905 and buried in a mass grave. There are also about 25 graves of emigrants here. There are about 35 graves in the Jewish cemetery.

The Russian cemetery in Nagasaki

Nagasaki (Kyushu) was another large center where many Russians lived. At first, Russian ships came here for repairs, temporary anchorage or to spend the winter. At that time many family members of Russian seamen lived here and Russian trade expanded considerably. The Jewish community began to develop owing to persons originally from the European part of Russia. Mixed marriages began to appear. Later on the number of vessels decreased as a result of the development of ship repair facilities at Vladivostok. At the end of the 19th Century Nagasaki became a popular resort for inhabitants of the Russian Far East, who would visit the Unzen and Shimabara hot springs. A Russian-Orthodox church was opened at that time. There are two cemeteries in Nagasaki where people originally from Russia are buried. The Russian Cemetery has approximately one hundred burials which took place before the Russo-Japanese War. The bodies of an additional 160 persons, who died of wounds during the Russo-Japanese War, were brought here from different locations in 1905 and buried in common grave. The graves of approximately 25 emigrants are also located here. Approximately 35 graves are located at the Jewish Cemetery.

Russian cemetery in Nagasaki
TheRussian cemetery in Nagasaki

Russian graves in Kobe

Russian emigrants also lived in Kobe (Honshu). The Russians came here after the strong earthquake of 1923 in Tokyo. They were mainly engaged in trade. Along with Russian settlements, there was a large Muslim community and a small Jewish one. There was an Orthodox church, a mosque and a synagogue. At the Foreign Cemetery in Kobe, there is no separate area for immigrants from Russia. Nevertheless, there is some isolation of the graves of Russians, Muslims and Jews. As a result of the field work, a preliminary list of burials was compiled - more than 120 names.

The Russian graves in Kobe

Russian emigrants also lived in Kobe (Honshu). The Russians came here after the great Tokyo earthquake of 1923. For the most part they were engaged in trade. Side by side with Russian settlements there were a large Muslim community and a small Jewish one. There existed a Russian-Orthodox church, a mosque, and a synagogue. There is no separate section for people originally from Russia at the Foreign Cemetery in Kobe. Nevertheless a certain isolation of the graves of Russians, Muslims, and Jews can be observed. As a result of field work a preliminary list of burials (more than 120 names) has been compiled.

Last pier
Yokohama. Tokyo

The largest number of Russians temporarily lived in Yokohama, which was the most convenient port for the subsequent move to America. About 400-500 people lived here. As was customary throughout Japan, the Russian residents of Yokohama and Tokyo found their last refuge at the Foreign Cemetery in Yokohama, which was greatly damaged by the 1923 earthquake. some concentration of graves of various confessions. In particular, there is a Jewish site. In total, 17 burials were discovered, made before
1917 There are much more emigrant graves, including Jewish and others - more than 200.

Last pier
Yokohama. Tokyo

The largest number of Russians temporarily lived in Yokohama, which was the most convenient port for a subsequent move to the United States. Approximately 400-500 people lived here. As was customary throughout Japan, the Russian inhabitants of Tokyo and Yokohama found there final refuge at the Foreign Cemetery in Yokohama, which was greatly damaged due to the 1923 earthquake. Here too there was no separate section for them. However, just as in Kobe, a certain concentration of graves belonging to different religions was observable. In particular there is a Jewish part. In all some 17 burials which took place before 1917 have been detected. There are many more emigrant graves, including those of Jews and others: more than 200.

Akita
Monument to Nikolai Gavrilyuk

On December 1, 1932, in the Fukasawa area, near the city of Honjo (Akita Prefecture), a boat with four Russian fishermen from a fishing cooperative was thrown from the Reineke Island near Vladivostok. One of them, sixteen-year-old Nikolai Gavrilyuk, was already dead and was buried in Japan. Three crew members: Ivan Osadchenko, Ivan Klimenko, Pavel Akimov, local residents managed to save and return to their homeland. Their fate could not be traced.

Akita
Monument to Nikolay Gavrilyuk

On December 1, 1932 in the vicinity of Fukusawa, not far from the town of Honju (Akita Prefecture), a boat was thrown ashore containing four Russian fishermen from the fishing cooperative based on Reineke Island in the environs of Vladivostok. One of them, sixteen-year-old Nikolai Gavriliuk was already dead, and he was buried in Japan. The local inhabitants managed to save and repatriate the three remaining crew members: Ivan Osadchenko, Ivan Klimenko, and Pavel Akimov. We have been unable to trace their subsequent fate.

On December 12, 1939, following a flight from Nagayevo to Vladivostok, the steamer "Indigirka" crashed in the La Perouse Strait. He ran into the pitfalls of the Toddo. There were 39 crew members and 1125 passengers on board (including 105 women and children), 1164 people in total. Most of the passengers were Gulag prisoners. The Japanese managed to save
428 people, including 35 team members, killed 745 people. The bodies were cremated and sent to Vladivostok, although there is indirect evidence that some Russians were buried near Sarafutsu.

On December 12, 1939, the steamship “Indigirka” which was following a route from Nagayevo to Vladivostok was wrecked in the La Perouse Strait. It struck the Toddo Reef. On board the steamer were 39 crew members and 1,125 passengers (of whom 105 were women and children): 1,164 persons in total. For the most part the passengers were prisoners of the GULAG. The Japanese managed to save 428 persons, including 35 crew members, but 745 persons perished. Their bodies were cremated and sent to Vladivostok, although there is indirect evidence that some of the Russians were buried near Sarafutsu.

China China

China was home to the largest number of Russian emigrants - evidence that the Russians expected the imminent fall of Soviet power. About one million immigrants from Russia passed through this country. At the same time, the smallest number of Russian emigre graves has survived here. Russian cemeteries began to be destroyed after the Russians left China (after the 1950s). Especially a lot was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.
After the end of the Russo-Japanese War, over one hundred thousand graves remained in China. Burials at Dairen, Mukden and Port Arthur were especially large. The latter is the best preserved.

Russian Harbin

Most unlucky were the emigrant graves in Harbin. The largest cemetery was the Harbin Old Cemetery, where the first builders of the CER were buried. They began to bury at the New Assumption cemetery in 1902. By order of the Chinese authorities in 1958, the Old and New (Assumption) cemeteries were closed for burial, but a plot was allocated in the Sankeshu area, which became known as the Huang Shan cemetery. It was also proposed to move all the old burials there, but this was only partially done. Now there you can see only the remains of these graves, in particular Jewish burials. There is only one example of the transfer of Russian graves to their homeland: not so long ago, the grave of General Kappel was moved from Harbin to Moscow.

The largest number of Russian emigrants was located in China, which is evidence of the fact that these Russians expected the speedy downfall of Soviet power. About one million persons originally
from Russia passed through this country. In spite of all this the least number of Russian emigrant graves remains here. Russian cemeteries began to be destroyed right after the exodus of Russians from China (after the 1950s). An especially large number were demolished during the Cultural Revolution.
After the end of the Russo-Japanese War over one hundred thousand graves remained in China. Especially large numbers were in Dairen, Mukden and Port Arthur. The last of these burial sites is the best preserved.

Emigrant graves in Harbin were the least lucky. The largest cemetery in Harbin was the Old Cemetery, where the builders of the Chinese Eastern Railway were buried. Burials at the New Assumption Cemetery commenced in 1902. When by order of the Chinese authorities the Old and New (Uspensky) Cemeteries were closed for any more burials in 1958, a section of land in the vicinity of Sankeshu, which began to be called Huangshan Cemetery, was allocated. It was proposed that all old burials be moved there as well, but this was accomplished only in part. Now one can see there only the remains of those graves, in particular Jewish burials. Only one example exists of the transfer of Russian burials to the motherland. Not so long ago the grave of General Kappel was transferred from Harbin to Moscow.

Beijing and Tianjin

The Russian cemetery in Beijing was located outside the city wall at the An-Dinmyn gates, there was a chapel-church and a crypt with the coffins of the great dukes who were tortured by the Bolsheviks in Alapaevsk. The cemetery has not survived.
The Russian cemetery in Tianjin ceased to exist in 1956. Russian graves in this city have not survived.

Beijing and Tianjin

The Russian Cemetery in Beijing was located beyond the city wall at Andingmen Gate. There was a chapel there with a crypt containing the coffins of the Romanov Grand Dukes who had been tortured to death by the Bolsheviks at Alapeyevsk. This cemetery has not survived.
The Russian Cemetery in Tianjin ceased to exist in 1956. No
Russian graves have survived in this city.

In Shanghai, there was no Orthodox site; immigrants from Russia were buried in foreign cemeteries. They began to plunder Russian graves as early as 1948, when the Russians were leaving Shanghai. In the period 1966-1976. all cemeteries where foreign citizens were buried were destroyed. Later, buildings were built on these places. The inscriptions from the surviving monuments were copied and applied to the building blocks installed at the Song Hinling Memorial Cemetery (formerly Honkou-rod). At the same time, there is no information that there are corresponding burials under them.

There was no Russian-Orthodox section in Shanghai; persons originally from Russia were buried in foreign cemeteries. Russian graves began to be robbed as early as 1948, when Russians were leaving Shanghai. All cemeteries where foreign citizens were buried were destroyed between 1966 and 1976. Inscriptions from surviving monuments were copied and transferred to standard blocks which were installed at Song Qingling Memorial Cemetery (formerly Hongkou Road). For all this there is no evidence that burials corresponding to these inscriptions are to be found beneath them.

In Seoul, there is the only cemetery in Korea where there are Russian graves brought here from all over Korea. This is Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery. Here it is
about 25 graves of people from
Russia. Two burials before 1917, the rest are emigrants. Some of them are badly damaged, and almost
it is impossible to find out who is buried there. Several both
foxes have traces of bullets or bomb fragments.

The sole cemetery in Korea where Russian graves from all over Korea were brought together is located in Seoul.
This is Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery. There are approximately 25 graves here of persons originally from Russia. Two burials took place before 1917, the rest belong to emigrants. Several of them were seriously damaged and it is practically impossible to find out who lies buried there. Several obelisks have traces of bullets or bomb fragments.

Russian graves in America are scattered from Alaska to
Southern California. They are available in almost every city. V
most of the preservation is excellent.

One of the oldest cemeteries in Alaska, which has survived since the sale of the Russian-American Company, is located in Sitka (formerly Novoarkhangelsk) and on about. Kodiak. The rest of the ancient graves are in the process of destruction. Of the modern cemeteries where immigrants from Russia continue to be buried, the city cemetery in Anchorage should be named. Interesting are the cemeteries of Russian Old Believers located in the villages of Nikolaevsk, Razdolnoe / Basargino, Voznesenka and Kachemak. The gravestone inscription is clearly visible only on some graves: the Old Believers do not pay much attention to this, especially the non-popovtsy.

Russian graves are scattered from Alaska to Southern
California. They exist in practically every city. The state of preservation of most of them is excellent.

One of the oldest cemeteries, which have survived from the sale of the Russian-American Company, is in Sitka (formerly Novoarkhangelsk) and on Kodiak Island. The other old graves are in the stage of destruction. Among modern cemeteries where persons originally from Russia continue to be buried one must mention the municipal cemetery in Anchorage. Of interest are the cemeteries of Russian Old Believers located in the villages of Nikolaevsk, Razdolnoe / Basargino, Voznesenka and Kachemak. Epitaphs can be seen clearly only on some graves. Old Believers don’t pay much attention to this, especially the bezpopovtsy (“priestless ones”).

BLACK, Lidia Sergeevna (Lydia T. Black) (December 16, 1925, Kiev - 2007, Kodiak, Alaska). She married Igor A. B. (1947, widow since 1969). Emigrated to the USA (1950). Graduated from Northeastern University (B.S. in history, 1969) and Brandeis University (M.A. in social anthropology, 1971). She defended her doctoral dissertation at the University of Massachusetts (1973). Assistant Professor at Providence College (1973-85), Professor of Anthropology at the University of Alaska (Fairbanks, 1985-2001). She studied the life of the indigenous peoples of Alaska. Interpreter. Lived on about. Kodiak (Alaska).

Lydia T. Black (December 16th. 1925, Kiev - 2007, Kodiak, Alaska). She married Igor A. B. (1947, the widow since 1969). She emigrated to the USA (1950). She graduated from Northeastern University (BS in History, 1969) and the University of Brandeis (MA in Social Anthropology, 1971). She defended her doctoral thesis at the University of Massachusetts (1973). Assistant Professor at the College of Providence (1973-85), professor of anthropology at the University of Alaska (Fairbanks, 1985-2001). She studied with the study of the indigenous peoples of Alaska. Translator. She lived on the island of Kodiak (Alaska).

Serbian Cemetery near
San francisco

Serbian Cemetery was opened by the First Serbian Benevolent Society in 1901 at 1801 Hillside Boulevard in Colma. In 1942 there were approximately 11 thousand graves here, 600 of which were Russian. Now Russian graves account for almost 90% of graves; more than 25 thousand people originally from Russia “reside” here. This cemetery has never been divided into sections meant for the burial of people belonging to certain categories. All the same several informal sections do exist. Since 1930 the Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary Chapel has stood at the cemetery. Near this chapel are buried many famous figures from San Francisco's Russian community. There is a small section where seamen used to be buried. Apart from them, almost at the cemetery’s very edge, is a place where nuns are buried to this day.

The Serbian Cemetery was opened by a Serbian Charitable Society in 1901 at no.
1801, Hillside Boulevard in Colma. By 1942, there were about 11 thousand burials here, of which 600 were Russians. Now almost 90% are Russian graves. There are more than 25 thousand people from Russia here. Since 1930, the cemetery has had a chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary Chapel). This cemetery is not divided into areas for the burial of persons of certain categories, but there are still several informal areas. Thus, many famous figures of the Russian community of San Francisco are buried near the chapel. There is a small area where sailors were buried. To the side of them, almost at the very edge of the cemetery, there is a place where nuns are still buried.

Kirill Borisovich Ilyin / Olga Aleksandrovna Ilyina Kirill Dmitrievich Ilyin / Donna Hewitt Ilyin Kirill Borisovich Ilyin / Olga Ilina
Cyril D. Ilyin / Donna Hewitt Ilyin

One of the most difficult problems in restoring the biographies of the "residents" of the Serbian cemetery is to establish their real name. For example, deacon Leonid Smith in his homeland may have been Kuznetsov. Some, having arrived in America, changed their surname to a similar sound. So, Maria Shelovitskaya became Shell, Colonel of the General Staff A.V. Semenov - Simmons, midshipman A.N. Filippov - A. Philips, N.E. Sumarokov - N. Summers. Sometimes the surname was translated into English: E.A. Zvonareva - Bell, A.D. Belomestnova - White, Evgeniya Sergeevna Sokolovskaya
- Hawkins, M.F. Ivanov - Michael F. Jones. Vladimir Sergeev changed his last name in America to Russ, and this is captured on the monument. We can only guess who is lying under the slab on which James Russian! Is written.

One of the most difficult problems in recovering the biographies of the “residents” of Serbian Cemetery is determining their real last names. For example, it is possible that back home deacon Leonid Smith was called Kuznetsov. Some, upon arrival in the United States, changed their last names to ones that sounded similar. For example, Maria Shelovitskaya became Shell, Colonel A. V. Semenov of the General Staff became Simmons, Ensign A. N. Fillipov became A. Philips, and N. E. Sumarokov became N. Summers. Sometimes last names were translated into English: E. A. Zvonareva became Bell, A. D. Belomestnova became White, Evgeniya Sergeevna Sokolovskaya became Hawkins, and M.F. Ivanov became Michael F. Jones. In the United States Vladimir Sergeev changed his last name to Russ, and this is reflected on his tombstone. One can only guess who lies under the gravestone inscribed “James Russian”!

The Serbian cemetery contains several monuments that are not associated with specific persons buried here. One of the first was erected by members of the Union of the Knights of St. George in San Francisco, who decided to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the founding of the Order of St. George the Great Martyr and Victorious Victor and to erect a monument in honor of all the Knights of St. George. Chairman of the Union of St. George Cavaliers M.M. Sokolov and other initiators emphasized that this would be "a monument to our homeland, this is a monument to the greatness and glory of Russia." The project of the monument was made by B.A. Khoshev, a former captain who participated in the Civil War in the army of General Wrangel. He completed all the design work in the fall of 1969. According to the conditions of the Serbian cemetery, all monuments should be made of marble or granite, but the Union did not have enough funds, and Khoshev came out with a petition for an exception to the rule. They met the Russians halfway: in view of the fact that the monument was not planned to be installed on the grave, they were allowed to make it out of reinforced concrete, faced with marble chips. Its grand opening took place on November 2
1971
The Serbian cemetery also has a monument in honor of the tragically deceased last king and his family. The Russian cadets also erected their monument. The last to erect their monument were the Cossacks from San Francisco. Currently, the Museum of Russian Culture in San Francisco has published on the Internet a preliminary list of Russian burials in the Serbian cemetery.
Few Russian graves, in addition to the Serbian cemetery, are located in the Greek Orthodox Memorial Park (Camino Real str.), As well as in the Russian Sectarian Cemetery (Junipero Serra, San Mateo County), established on November 9, 1932. the sectarians were buried in the city cemetery located on the Olivet mountain. The Kolma authorities offered them to buy a plot for a relatively small amount. Mostly Molokans and Baptists are buried here, and crosses and icons are hardly visible on the graves.

There are several monuments at Serbian Cemetery that are not connected with specific individuals who are buried here. One of the first was erected by members of the Union of Cavaliers.of the Order of St. George in San Francisco. They decided to commemorate the 200th. anniversary of the founding of the order of the Holy Martyr and Victor St. George and mount a monument in honor of all cavaliers of the order. The chairman of the Union of Cavaliers and other initiators emphasized that this would be “a monument to our motherland, a monument to the greatness and glory of Russia”. B. A. Khoshev, a former cavalry captain who had participated in the Russian Civil War in General Wrangel’s army, prepared the monument’s design. He completed all design work during the autumn of 1969. According to the terms of Serbian Cemetery all monuments must be made of marble or granite, but the Union had insufficient funds and Khoshev petitioned for an exception to the rules. Accommodations were made for the Russians. In view of the fact that the plans did not call for the monument to be erected over a grave, permission was granted for it to be made of reinforced concrete faced with marble aggregate. The dedication ceremonies
took place on November 2, 1971.
There is also a monument at Serbian Cemetery in commemoration the tragic loss of the lives of the last tsar and his family. Russian military cadets also erected a monument of their own. Cossacks from San Francisco were the last to supply a monument. At the present time the Museum of Russian Culture in San Francisco has published on the Web a preliminary list of Russian graves at Serbian Cemetery.
At Serbian Cemetery, there are some Russian graves at Greek Orthodox Memorial Park (on El Camino Real) as well as at the Russian Sectarian Cemetery (on Junipero Serra Drive in San Mateo County), which was founded on November 9, 1932. Prior to that, the sectarians were buried at the municipal cemetery on Mount Olivet. Colma city officials proposed that the sectarians buy a section of land for a relatively small price. Mainly Molokans and Baptists are buried there, and almost no crosses and small icons are visible.

Russian burials in Los Angeles

In Los Angeles, there are several cemeteries where the graves of immigrants from Russia are located. One of the earliest and most numerous is the Serbian cemetery (about 500 graves). As in San Francisco, it was founded by the Serbs, but then most of the burials began to belong to the Russians. The first (in the early 1900s) this cemetery was chosen by the Molokans, who formed their own, separately fenced, sector. Currently, there are about 60 tombstones preserved. In fact, there are many more of them, as many of them disappeared due to the fact that they were made of wood. The emigrant graves at the Serbian cemetery appeared at the very end of the 1920s and 1930s, and are located more compactly than at another Los Angeles cemetery, Hollywood. Although Russian graves appeared in this cemetery even before the start of World War II, it began to be intensively "populated" after 1945. There is no specific Russian site, although there are sites where Cossacks or former military members - members of the Society of Great War Veterans - are buried. About 1,500 people from Russia are buried in this cemetery. In contrast to the Serbian cemetery, there are much fewer photographs on the obelisks. There are many Russian graves in the Walhala cemetery.

The Russian burials in Los Angeles

There are several cemeteries in Los Angeles where graves of people originally from Russia are located. One of the first and largest is Serbian Cemetery (approximately 500 graves). As in San Francisco, it was founded by Serbs but later the majority of graves began to belong to Russians. The first (in the early 1900s) to settle on this cemetery were the Molokans, who organized their own separately enclosed sector. At the present time approximately 60 gravestones survive. But in reality there are many more of them because many of them disappeared due to the fact that they were made of wood. The emigrant graves at Serbian Cemetery appeared at the very end of the 1920s and 1930s and are located more compactly than at Los Angeles ’other cemetery, the Hollywood Cemetery. Although Russian graves at this cemetery appeared even before the start of World War II, it began to be “settled” intensively only after 1945. Although there is no definite Russian section, there are parts where Cossacks and former military men, members of the Society of Veterans of the Great War, are buried. Approximately 1500 persons originally from Russia are buried at this cemetery. Unlike Serbian Cemetery, there are many fewer photographs on the obelisks. Many Russian graves can be found at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery.

In the paradise of Hawaii

At the end of the 19th century on about. Hawaii brought in several dozen agricultural workers from Western Ukraine. Until now, their descendants (Gambsky, Verbske, Pszyk, etc.) live in those places where there is a small cemetery plot. After the Russo-Japanese War, several thousand workers were brought from the Russian Far East to work, whose graves are scattered throughout the various cemeteries of the Hawaiian Islands. In the center of Honolulu there is a monument to the Knight of St. George, Mikhail Yakovlev.

Several dozen agricultural laborers from Western Ukraine were brought to the island of Hawaii at the end of the 19th Century. Their descendants (Gambsky, Verbske, Pszyk and others) still live in this area and there is a small cemetery section. After the end of the Russo-Japanese War several thousand workers were brought over as labor from the Russian Far East. Their graves are scattered over various cemeteries of the Hawaiian Islands. A monument to the cavalier of the Order of St. George Mikhail Nikolaevich Yakovlev (1898-1921) is located in central Honolulu.

Russian fraternal cemetery in Seattle

Russian graves in Seattle are scattered across various cemeteries. Most of the leaders of the Russian community in Seattle rest in the Russian Fraternal Site (cemetery) in Vashelli. Its center is the church named after St. Nicholas. The idea of ​​its creation arose in the mid-1920s in the Union of Disabled People. It was solemnly consecrated on August 30, 1936. At the opening, the chairman of the Union Yelshin said: “Russian invalids in America have created this memorial temple in memory of millions of soldiers and their immortal leader, for their Christian merits are said in the Gospel:“ Nobody else is this love - the same imat, if anyone lay down their soul for their friends. "

The Russian Brethren Cemetery in Seattle

Russian graves in Seattle are scattered among different cemeteries. The majority of members of Seattle's Russian community repose at the Russian fraternal plot (Orthodox Brotherly Cemetery) at Washelli. Its center is the Saint Nicholas Church. The idea of ​​creating it arose in the mid-1920s at the Union of Disabled Soldiers. It was solemnly concecrated on August 30, 1936. At the opening ceremony Union president Yelshin stated: “Russian disabled soldiers in America have created in remembrance of millions of soldiers and their immortal leader this church-monument, for as is said in the Gospel ' Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends'.

Conclusion

The compilation of the most complete list of Russian burials abroad is possible provided that obituaries published in the emigre periodicals are used. At the same time, difficulties may arise in determining some surnames and dates of birth, since there were frequent cases when emigrants changed them.
In conclusion, it should be emphasized that the publication of a list of Russian burials will become not only one of the most important sources on the history of the Russian diaspora, but will help to find the descendants of their relatives, and will give admirers the opportunity to honor the memory of their heroes.

Conclusion

The compilation of as full as possible a list of Russian graves in foreign countries is possible provided that use is made of obituaries that were published in emigrant periodicals. For all this, difficulties may arise in determining some last names and dates of birth because cases of emigrants changing them are not infrequent.
In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize that the publication of a list of Russian graves will become not only one of the most important sources for the history of Russia Abroad, but will also help descendants find their relatives and will give their admirers the opportunity to pay homage to the memory of their heroes.

Notes (edit)

Monuments of history and culture of Primorsky Krai: Materials to the Code. Vladivostok, 1991.268 p .: ill.
Guzanov V.G. And bow to the ashes of loved ones. Russian Military cemeteries in Japan: Istor. chronicle. M .: Japan today, 2000. 126 p .: ill.
Matveev N.P. The Japanese in Vladivostok and the Primorsky region. Japanese population in the region // Siberian collection: adj. to gas. "Eastern Review" for 1899. Irkutsk: type. gas. "Eastern Review", 1900. Issue. 2.P. 60 - 66; Morgun Z.F. History of the Japanese Buddhist prayer house "Urajio Honganji" in Vladivostok // Fujimoto V. Collection of scientific articles: For the anniversary of the scientist. Vladivostok: Far East Publishing House. University, 2004.S. 38 - 49 and others.
Places related to the history of Japanese-Russian relations: Booklet. Tokyo: Ed. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2005.B.S.: Ill.
Lensen G. Report from Hokkaido: The Remains of Russian

216 p., Il.
1792, October 12. - Letter from the head of the expedition to Japan, Lieutenant A.K. Laxman and navigator, ensign rank V.M. Lovtsov to the Japanese government on the rescue of the Japanese shipwrecked at Amchitka Island and the purpose of the expedition's arrival in Japan // Russian expeditions to study the northern part of the Pacific Ocean in the second half of the 18th century: Sat. doc. M .: Science. Ch. ed. east lit., 1989.
312 - 313.
V.M. Golovnin Notes of Vasily Mikhailovich Golovnin held captive by the Japanese in 1811, 1812, 1813 and the author's biography: at 3 o'clock. St. Petersburg: Type. N. Grecha, 1851, p. 166.
Russian State Archives of the Navy (RGA Navy). F. 967, op. 1, d.237.

Russian expedition in northern Japan ": (To information about the crash of the" Cruiser ") // Vladivostok. 1890.6 May.
Opening of the monument to "Cruiser" in Vladivostok // Vladivostok. Vladivostok, 1897.2 November.
RGA Navy. F. 909, op. 2, d. 136; From the Bygone Time: Recollection of the Death of the Schooner "Aleut" // Vladivostok. 1887. No. 25. Monument to the crew members of the shipwrecked Russian propeller-driven schooner Aleut. Setana (Japan),
1972.B.S. NS.
RGA Navy. F. 410. Op. 2.D. 4258.L. 1, 6 - 8.
Matveev N. The Cradle of Orthodoxy in Nippon: The First Temple of the Russian Spiritual Mission in Hakodate // Rubezh. Harbin, 1941.26. P. 15.
Shimizu Magami. Hakodate: Russian Pages in the History of the Japanese City. Japan, 2005.387 p .: ill. NS.
Kurata, Y. Russian White Guards in the port of Hakodate
(autumn 1922) // Russia and Japan: Sat. articles. Issue 5. Tokyo,
2003.S. 187-199. NS.
Field materials of the author. Done 2007
A.A. Kornilov Russian coastal infirmary in Nagasaki for teams sailing in the Pacific Ocean: (Extract from the report of the commander of a squadron of ships in the Pacific from July 26, 1886) // Mor. Sat. 1887. No. 5, unofficial. P. 91 - 154, plan. McOmie, William W. The Frigate Askold and the Opening of the Russian Settlement at Nagasaki // Crossroads: A Journal of Nagasaki History and Culture, No. 4 (1996), 1-32; He's the same. The Russians in Nagasaki, 1853-54: Another Look at Some Russian, English, and Japanese Sources // Acta Slavica Iaponica, Vol. 13 (1995) 42-60; He's the same. Bakumatsu Japan through Russian Eyes: The Letters of Kapitan-Leitenant Voin Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov
// Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, No. 48 (1994), 35-51 and No. 49 (1994), 21-39.
Chujo N., Miyazaki C. Roshiajin shikan to Inasa no rashamen tono kekkon seikatsu: (Temporary marriage between Russian officers and Japanese women in Inasa) // Gengo Bunka Ronshu. - Nagoya

Univ., 2001. - Vol. 23, # 1. - P. 109 - 130; Chujo N., Miyazaki C. Roshiajin no mita Roshiajin shikan to Inasa no rashamen no kekkon nit suite: (Russian view of marriage between Russian officers and Japanese women in Inasa) // Gengo Bunka Ronshu. - Nagoya Univ., 2002. - Vol. 23, # 2. - P. 171 - 192.
Burke-Gaffney, Brian. Secret Tales of the Nagasaki International Cemeteries // Crossroads: A Journal of Nagasaki History and Culture, No. 2 (1994), 59-68.
Collected Gosinji Temple (Nagasaki, Japan). Inscriptions on the monuments of the Russian military cemetery in the city of Nagasaki. Japan and grave layouts / Comp. Noguchi Takakuni, summer 1940 Processed and supplemented by I.S. Yashkov, summer 1970
29 mach. l.
Field materials of the author. Submitted 2007. For the Jewish community in Nagasaki, see Earns, Lane. Life at the Bottom of the Hill: A Jewish-Japanese Family in the Nagasaki Foreign Settlement // Crossroads: A Journal of Nagasaki History and Culture, No. 2 (1994), 79-90.
Podalko P.E. Japan in the Fates of Russians: Essays on the History of Tsarist Diplomacy and the Russian Diaspora in Japan in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries. Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Kraft +, 2004.352 p .: ill. and etc.
The current archive of the Kobe Foreign Cemetery. B.L. Field materials of the author. Done 2007
Kaliberova T. Russian "Storm" reached Japan // Vladivostok. Vladivostok, 2007.2 nov.
Hara, T. Indigiruka Go no higeki: 1930-nendai no Roshia kyokuto. Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo, 1993.313 p .; See also: Skorupskiy V, Moscow. The death of "Indigirka": Internet conference "In memory of those killed in sea disasters": Documents about the sinking of the steamer "Indigirka" in the area of ​​Sarufutsu (Hokkaido island) in 1939 // http://www.vld.ru/ppx / Indigir / Docs. htm
Forgotten Graves: A Memo, ed. Board of Trustees. Council for the protection and bringing of Port-Arturovsky and other military.

cemeteries in Manchu Di Guo and Kwantung. obl., which are under the jurisdiction of the Spirits. missions in China, to strengthen the council's funds. Harbin: Publishing house of M.V. Zaitsev, 1938.51 p .: ill., Map.
Gerasimov V. On Russian graves // Heavenly Bread. Harbin, 1928. No. 10.P. 25.
Zhilevich (Miroshnichenko) T.V. In memory of the dead and the residents of Harbin. Melbourne, 2000.340 p .: ill.
Russian Guide to Pekin and Neighborhood / Ed. for tourists; Compiled by I.I. Serebrennikov. Beijing: Type. Rus. spiritual mission, 1923. 67 p., rec.
Plundered Russian graves at the Hangzhao-rod cemetery in Shanghai // New Dawn. San Francisco, 1949.2 Feb.
Field materials of the author. Done in 2011.
Field materials of the author. States of Alaska and Oregon
(USA, 2010).
Consecration of a new section of the Serbian cemetery // New dawn. 1942.27 Oct.
Field materials of the author. Compiled in 2008 - 2009 by B.A. Hoshev About the monument to the Knights of St. George // New Dawn. 1971 July 3;
Skripkin A. Consecration of the Monument to the Knights of St. George // Rus. life. San Francisco, 1971 Nov. 10.
Field materials of the author. Compiled in 2011. Fieldwork by the author. Done in 2011.
Ewanchuk M. Hawaiian ordeal. Ukrainian contract workers,
1897-1910. Winnipeg (Manitoba, USA), 1986.180 p., Il. Field materials of the author. Done 2005.
Disabled person. Consecration of the Temple of the Monument in Seattle // New Dawn. 1936.3 Sep.
Elshin A. Temples-monuments to Emperor Nicholas II are growing everywhere // New Dawn. 1938.7 Apr.

References

1. Burke-Gaffney, Brian. Secret Tales of the Nagasaki International Cemeteries // Crossroads: A Journal of Nagasaki History and Culture, No. 2 (1994), 59-68.

2. Burke-Gaffney, Brian. The Russians in Nagasaki, 1853-54: Another Look at Some Russian, English, and Japanese Sources // Acta Slavica Iaponica, Vol. 13 (1995) 42-60;

3. Burke-Gaffney, Brian. Bakumatsu Japan through Russian Eyes: The Letters of Kapitan-Leitenant Voin Andreevich RimskyKorsakov // Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, No. 48 (1994),
35-51 and No. 49 (1994), 21-39.

4. Chujo N., Miyazaki C. Roshiajin shikan to Inasa no rashamen tono kekkon seikatsu: // Gengo Bunka Ronshu. - Nagoya Univ.,
2001. - Vol. 23, # 1. - P. 109 - 130;

5. Chujo N., Miyazaki C. Roshiajin no mita Roshiajin shikan to Inasa no rashamen no kekkon nit suite: // Gengo Bunka Ronshu. - Nagoya Univ., 2002. - Vol. 23, # 2. - P. 171 - 192.

6. Earns, Lane. Life at the Bottom of the Hill: A Jewish-Japanese Family in the Nagasaki Foreign Settlement // Crossroads: A Journal of Nagasaki History and Culture, No. 2 (1994), 79-90.

7. Ewanchuk M. Hawaiian ordeal. Ukrainian contract workers,
1897-1910. Winnipeg (Manitoba, USA), 1986.180 p., Il.

8. Hara, T. Indigiruka Go no higeki: 1930-nendai no Roshia kyokuto. - Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo, 1993.313 p.

9. Lensen G. Report from Hokkaido: The Remains of Russian
Culture in Northern Japan. Hakodate: Municipal Library, 1954.
216 p., Il.

10. McOmie, William W. The Frigate Askold and the Opening of the Russian Settlement at Nagasaki // Crossroads: A Journal of Nagasaki History and Culture, No. 4 (1996), 1-32.

11. The Sunday Advertiser. - Honolulu, Febr. 27, 1921. P.6; Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu, Febr. 24, 1921. Pp. 2-3.

Russian cemeteries in the Asia-Pacific region
Foreword ................................................. ...................................... 6
Land of the Rising Sun
Hokkaido - Nemuro ............................................... .........................ten
Soya: The death of the schooner "Cruiser" ........................................... .....12
Setana: Monument to the sailors from the "Aleut" ................................. 14
Russian cemetery in Hakodate .............................................. .......eighteen
Russian cemetery in Nagasaki .............................................. .... ... 28
Russian graves in Kobe .............................................. ................... 38
The last pier. Yokohama. Tokyo ....................................... 50
Akita. Monument to Nikolai Gavrilyuk .................................... 60
Sarafutsu: The death of "Indigirka" ............................................ .... 62
China
Russian Harbin ................................................ ............................... 66
Disappeared graves in Beijing and Tianjin ................ 76
Shanghai................................................. .............................................. 76
In the country of morning freshness .............................................. ............. 84
USA
Alaska................................................. .............................................. 94
Serbian cemetery near San Francisco ........................ 104
Russian burials in Los Angeles ................................. 116
On the paradise Hawaiian islands .............................................. .120
Russian fraternal cemetery in Seattle ...................................... 126
Conclusion................................................. ..... ... ............................. 128
Bibliography................................................ ......................... 130

The Russian Necropolis on the Pacific
Preface ................................................. ................................................. 7
The Land of the Rising Sun
Hokkaido - Nemuro ............................................... .................…....eleven
Soya: The wreck of the schooner "Kreyserok" ............................... 13
Setana: Monument to the sailors of the "Aleut" ............................ 15
The Russian cemetery in Hakodate ............................................. ..19
Russian cemetery in Nagasaki .............................................. ........... 29
Russian graves in Kobe .............................................. ...................... 39
Last pier. Yokohama.Tokyo ............................................... ............. 51
Akita. Monument to Nicolay Gavrilyuk ........................................ 61
Sarafutsu: The death of the "Indigirka" ......................................... 63
China
Russian Harbin ................................................ .................................. 67
Beijing and Tianjin ... .............................................. ......................... 77
Shanghai ................................................. ............................................ 77
In the Land of the Morning Calm ........................................... ......... 85
United States of America
Alaska ................................................. ................................................. 95
Serbian Cemetery near San Francisco ......................................... 105
Russian burials in Los Angeles ............................................. ......... 117
Heavenly Hawaii ................................................ ............................. 121
Russian Brethren Cemetery in Seattle ......................................... 127
Conclution ................................................. ......................................... 129
References ................................................. ........................................... 134

The family index of the inscriptions on the photographs.

Shalfeev Andrey Nikolaevich The grave of Andrei Shalfeev

• Shalfeev Nikolay Vsevolovich.
• Gorshkevich Elizaveta Stefanovna.

Cherry Ludmila The grave of Mrs Ludmila Cherry

Popov Andrey... Andrey Popov

• Gomzikov Stefan Stephan Gomzenkov

Alexander Shcherbak

Semyon Nikolayevich Yashkov The grave of Semyon Nikolayevich Yashkov

• Brown Robert. non-commissioned officer of the first rank

Vaskevich Pavel. Paul Vaskevich

Extremely Sonya. Sonia Krajno

Galich Ivan. Ivan Galic

• Sakhovskaya Ekaterina M. Catherine Sahovskaya
• Alexandra Vasiliyevna Ivanova
• Vitaly Skorodumov
• Pulezo Constantin In memory of Konstantin V. Pulezo
• Pavlova Natalia and her daughter Elena Nikolaevna
• Pavlova Natalia and her daughter Elena Nikolaevna
• Nikolai Aksenov
• Aksyonova Nina Nikolaevna Nina Aksenova
• Ruvim Jodovich Rubinstein
• Vitaliy Peter Ilyin
• Mikutsky Kazimir Casimir Franzevich Mikutsky
• Gavrilyuk Nikolay Monument to Nikolay Gavrilyuk
• Pekhterev Nikolai Vasilievich Nikolai Pekhterev
• Rymshin Mikhail Nikanorovich
• Gorbushina Zinaida Adolfovna Zinaida Adolfovna Gorbushina
• Khan Elizabeth
• Olga Vladimirovna Levitzsky
• Nikolai Kuznetsov Nicolai Nicolaevich Kuznetzov
• Edith Georeina Johnston
• Helen Stanislavovna Gedroytz
• Kharchenko Sergey Sergy Hacrhenko
• Bogolyubsky Kazimir Kazimir Bogolubsky
• Korneev Ivan Naumov, sailor. The sailor Ivan Naumov Korneev
• Smirnov Tolik Anatoly Smirnov
• Kasak "Kasak"
• Pleshakov Vitya Victor Pleshakov
• Evdokia Evdokia "
• Troitsky Vitaly Vitaly Troitsky
• Kozak Frank M. Frank M. Kozak
• Jude Marie Nekeferoff
• Kharitonova Ksenia Died on May 18, 1875. "Xenia Kharitonov
• Kodiak Cemetery of Kodiak
• Lydia T. Black
• Nikola I. Martyushev
• Martyushev Mikhail Michael Martyushev
• Peter J. Tipikin
• Asargin Theodosius
• Bulgakov Pyotr Ivanovich. Archpriest Archpriest Peter Ivanovich Bulgakov
• Bulgakova Sofia Matveevna Sophia Matveevna Bulgakov
• Ilyin Kirill Borisovich Kirill Borisovich Ilyin
• Ilyina Olga Alexandrovna Olga Ilina
• Ilyin Kirill Dmitrievich Cyril D. Ilyin
• Ilyina Donna Hewitt Donna Hewitt Ilyin
• Nikolai Bibikov
• Bibikova Nadezhda Viktorovna Nadezhda Bibikova
• Borzov Nikolay Viktorovich Nicholas Borzov
• Ryazanovsky Nikolay Nicholas Riasanovsky
• Zoya Osipova
• Osipov Vladimir Nikitich Vladimir Nikitich Osipov
• Latsgalv Alexander Andreevich Alexander Latsgalv
• Flug Vasily Egorovich, General Gen. Vasily Flug
• Seraphin Souza
• Manuel Santiago
• Fedosia Formin Fedosia Formin
• Dubrovin Akim, Beloved father Akim Dubrovin
• Keolaeva Marie, Beloved mother Marie Keolaewa