Part 2
The answer to the tasks of this part (B1 - B11) is a sequence of letters, numbers, a number or a word. Write the answers first in the text of the work, and then transfer them to answer form No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell, without spaces and other symbols. Write each number or letter in a separate box in accordance with the given samples.
1. Establish a correspondence between the subject of the Russian Federation and its location on the political and administrative map, indicated by the letter.|
THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION |
LOCATION ON MAP |
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Pskov region |
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Murmansk region |
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Orenburg region |
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Write in the table the letters corresponding to the selected answers.
2.Establish a correspondence between the people of Russia and the language family to which this people belongs.
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PEOPLE |
LANGUAGE FAMILY |
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Ingush |
Altai |
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komi |
Indo-European |
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Buryats |
Ural-Yukaghir |
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North Caucasian |
Write down the letters corresponding to the selected answers in the table.
3. Which three of the listed power plants are hydroelectric power plants? Circle the numbers under which they are indicated.
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Kursk |
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Krasnoyarsk |
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Bratsk |
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Bilibinskaya |
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Ust-Ilimsk |
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Surgut |
4.Determine which country is marked on the schematic map with the letter A.
Answer: _________________ .
5. Select three countries in which shipbuilding is an internationally specialized industry. Circle the numbers under which they are indicated.
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Japan |
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Egypt |
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Norway |
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Argentina |
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The Republic of Korea |
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Slovakia |
Write the circled numbers in the answer form in ascending order.
6. Arrange the countries in ascending order of natural population growth (per 1,000 inhabitants).
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A) |
Denmark |
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B) |
Niger |
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V) |
Brazil |
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G) |
Australia |
7. Using the data from the table below, compare the resource availability of countries with water resources. Rank countries in order of increasing resource availability.
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Country |
River flow resources, km? |
Population, million people |
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Canada |
2900 |
32,2 |
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China |
2800 |
1303,7 |
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Venezuela |
1320 |
27,2 |
Write down the resulting sequence of letters in the table.
8. Identify the country by its short description.
This country, belonging to the group of economically developed, is washed by the waters of two oceans. Most of its territory is occupied by a flat plateau, which is bordered by mountains from the south and east. Its bowels are rich in various minerals. For the extraction of diamonds, gold, platinum, uranium, iron ores, this country is one of the first in the world. The population of the country is distinguished by a complex ethnic composition. Among other countries of the continent, it stands out for the high proportion of people of European descent.
Answer: ____________________.
9. Define the region of Russia by its short description: NS This region has access to two seas, bordering on land with one of the foreign countries. Most of the territory is lowland, in the south there are young high mountains. A feature of the climate is a short cold period of the year. The main wealth of the region is agro-climatic and recreational resources.
Answer: ________________ edge.
Quests B 10 - C 2 are performed using the card below.
Check out the map shown in the figure.
10. Determine on the map the distance on the terrain in a straight line from the school to the spring located at an altitude of 140.5 m. Round the result to tens of meters. Write down the answer in numbers.
Answer: __________ m.
11.O Define the azimuth on the map along which you need to go from the school to the spring located at an altitude of 140.5 m. Write down the answer in numbers.
Answer: ______ degrees.
Part 3
For answers to the tasks of this part (C1 - C7), use the answer form number 2. First, write down the number of the task (C1, etc.), and then not only the answer to the question posed, but the whole course of your reasoning. Write down the answers clearly.
1. Evaluate which of the areas marked 1, 2 and 3 on the map is the most suitable for setting up a training football field for the school team. Give at least two reasons to support your answer.
2. Build a profile of the terrain along the line A - B. To do this, transfer the basis for building the profile to the answer form No.2, using a horizontal scale of 1 cm 50 m and a vertical scale of 1 cm 5 m. Indicate the position of the Belichka River on the profile with an arrow.
3. The soils of the steppe zone have a much more powerful humus horizon and a high humus content than the soils of the taiga zone. How can this be explained? Give at least two reasons.
4. What explains the specialization of machine-building enterprises in the city of Belgorod in the production of mining equipment? Give at least two reasons.
5. What are the negative consequences of deforestation on the southern slopes of the Himalayas? State at least two consequences.
6. Determine in which of the points of countries indicated by the letters on the map of the Northern Hemisphere - A, B or C - on December 20, the Sun rises above the horizon earlier (according to the Greenwich meridian time). Write down your line of reasoning.
7. Using the data in the table, determine in which of the countries - A, B or C - the proportion of older people in the age structure of the population is higher. State two reasons for the higher proportion of older people in the population of this country.
Demographic indicators of countries A, B and C
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Indicators |
Country A |
Country B |
Country B |
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Total population, million people |
74,0 |
10,6 |
36,0 |
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Population under the age of 15, million people |
36,6 |
18,0 |
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Population over the age of 65, million people |
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Fertility, ‰ |
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Mortality, ‰ |
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Life expectancy, years |
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Share of urban population,% |
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Average population density, people / km? |
Which of the listed mountain systems is the longest?
1) Cordillera
4) Appalachian
What is the letter on the map for volcano Kilimanjaro?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
8. What type of climate in the temperate climatic zone has the lowest winter temperatures?
9. Which of the territories marked with letters on the map of South America has the highest average annual precipitation?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
Which of the following sea currents operates in the Pacific Ocean?
1) Gulf Stream 2) Brazilian 3) Guinean 4) Kuroshio.
11. In the temperate zone to the south of the forest zone there is a zone:
2) forest-steppe and steppe
3) forest tundra and tundra
4) altitudinal zonality
12. Sable is an animal that lives in a natural area:
3) deserts
Indicate the error in the combination "mainland - animal".
I) Africa - cheetah
2) Australia - wombat
3) South America - cougar
4) Eurasia - skunk
14. Indicate the correct answer. Wadi in Africa and Australia:
15. .What are the coordinates of the easternmost point in Africa?
1) 16 ° S .; 3 ° East
2) 10 ° N; 51 ° East
3) 51 ° N; 11 ° East
4) 16 ° N; 3 ° W
Using the population density map, determine which of the named territories is more populated?
1) Europe;
2) South America;
3) Australia;
4) north of Africa.
17 .Which cultivated plant is home to Africa?
2) rubber
3) cocoa
4) tea
18. One of the main modern types of human economic activity in the tundra is:
1) logging
2) mining
3) livestock breeding
19. .Which continent is crossed by all the meridians?
1) Eurasia
3) North America
4) Antarctica
Which of the following statements is true?
1) N. Przhevalsky conducted his geographical research in Asia
2) F. Nansen was the first to reach the South Pole
3) America got its name from its native inhabitants - Indians
4) R. Amundsen was the first to reach the North Pole
What is the hottest continent on Earth?
2) Australia
3) Eurasia
4) North America
22.The boundary regions between the lithospheric plates, in which volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur, are:
1) platforms
2) seismic belts
4) oceanic plains
Which of the following areas is located within the seismic belt?
Which of the listed mountain systems is the highest?
1) Himalayas 2) Andes 3) Atlas 4) Cordillera
What is the letter on the map for Mount Aconcagua?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
26. A characteristic of the marine type of climate is:
1) summers are dry and hot
2) winters are humid and warm
3) large amplitude of temperature fluctuations
4) low winter temperatures
27. Which of the territories marked with letters on the map of South America has the lowest average annual precipitation?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
28. The most powerful warm current in the World Ocean:
1) Gulf Stream 2) Brazilian 3) Guinean 4) Kuroshio
Where does the taiga occupy the largest area?
1) in Australia
2) in North America
3) in Eurasia
4) in South America
30. Which of the listed natural zones is characterized by the greatest number of rodents?
2) tundra and forest-tundra
4) semi-desert and desert
Indicate an erroneous combination "mainland - river".
1) Africa - Zambezi
2) Australia - Murray
3) South America - Orinoco
4) North America - Parana
32. Scrub (thickets of thorny bushes) are characteristic of the mainland:
1) Australia
3) South America
4) Antarctica
What are the coordinates of the westernmost point in Africa?
1) 14 ° N; 15 ° W;
2) 14 ° S; 17 ° W;
3) 17 ° N; 26 ° W;
4) 11 ° N; 3 ° East
Using the population density map, determine which of the named territories is less populated?
1) Europe;
2) South America;
3) Australia;
Option 1
Part A
Part A contains 8 tasks (A-1 - A-8) with a choice of answers. Of the four possible answers, only one is correct.
A-1. Which of the following is a large scale?
1) 1:100 000 000 3) 1:1000 000
2) 1:10 000 000 4) 1:10 000
A-2. From the travelers presented below, indicate who was engaged in the study of Africa?
1) A. Mackenzie 3) A. Livingston
2) R. Amundsen 4) A. Humbold
A-3. The largest thickness of the geographic envelope is approximately equal to:
1) 10 km 3) 40 km
2) 25 km 4) 175 km
A-4. At the points of convergence of continental lithospheric plates are formed:
1) mountain belts of volcanic origin;
2) basins of inland seas
3) deep water troughs
4) vast plains
1) Aleutian Trench 3) Labrador Basin
2) Mariana Trench 4) Argentine Basin
A-6. What is the mainland where Victoria Falls is located?
1) South America 3) Australia
2) Eurasia 4) Africa
A-7. Which of the listed winds change their direction according to the seasons of the year?
1) monsoons 3) westerly winds
2) trade winds 4) breezes
A-8. On which continent does eucalyptus grow in natural conditions?
1) North America 3) Australia
2) Africa 4) Eurasia
Part B
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the researcher and his contribution to geography.
1). Vasco da Gama
2) H. Columbus
3) F. Bellingshausen
A) led a round-the-world expedition, during which Antarctica was discovered
B) opened the sea route from Europe to India around Africa
C) crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Bahamas, Cuba and Haiti
D) crossed Africa through the Zambezi basin and reached the Indian Ocean
IN 2. Arrange the oceans in order of decreasing area.
A) Atlantic
B) Indian
C) Quiet
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between the transitional climatic zones and the air masses that dominate them in the warm season.
1) subarctic A) arctic
2) subtropical B) moderate
3) subequatorial B) tropical
D) equatorial
Part C
C-1. Why do pygmies have lighter skin than Bushmen or Kaffirs?
What does the skin color of the African population depend on?
Why do pygmies have lighter skin than kaffirs?
Why is the kaffir's skin darker than that of the pygmies?
Option 2
Part A
Part A contains 8 tasks (A-1 - A-8) with a choice of answers. There are four possible answers, only one of which is correct.
A-1. The largest scale is
1) globe 3) physical map of the World
2) topographic map 4) area plan
A-2. Which of the following travelers explored the shores of Australia, New Zealand, and a number of other islands
1) J. Cook 3) G. Stanley
2) R. Scott 4) M. Polo
A-3. The natural change in all components of the geographic envelope from the equator to the poles is called:
1) rhythm 3) zoning
2) integrity 4) circulation of substances
A-4. In the mid-ocean ridge zone, the following occurs:
1) collision of lithospheric plates
2) the rise of the oceanic plate over the continental
3) the subsidence of the oceanic plate under the continental
4) divergence of lithospheric plates.
A-5. The highest peak in the world is the mountain:
1) Elbrus 3) Chomolungma
2) Mont Blanc 4) Aconcagua
A-6. On which mainland is Angel Falls located?
1) Australia 3) Africa
2) North America 4) South America
A 7. The trade winds prevail:
1) in the tropics 3) in temperate latitudes
2) at the poles 4) at the polar circles
A-8. Which continent is the birthplace of hevea and cinchona?
1) North America 3) Eurasia
2) South America 4) Africa
Part B
Part B contains 3 tasks (B-1 - B-3). Each task contains three correct answers. Enter the answers in the answer table.
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the researcher and his contribution to geography:
1) F. Magellan A) studied Australia
2) D. Livingston B) was the first to circumnavigate the world
3) A. Tasman B) studied the interior regions of Africa
D) discovered the North Pole
IN 2. Arrange the seas as the salinity decreases:
A) Red
B) Baltic
C) Japanese
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between animals and natural areas in which they live:
1) ostrich A) tropical desert
2) chimpanzees B) taiga
3) camel B) equatorial forest
D) savannah.
Part C
Part C contains one task (C-1). Write your complete answer legibly.
C-1. Desertification is typical for Africa, i.e. an increase in the area of deserts. What are the reasons for this? Give at least two reasons.
Travel has always attracted people, but before it was not only interesting, but also extremely difficult. The territories were not explored, and, starting the journey, everyone became an explorer. Which travelers are the most famous and what exactly did each of them discover?
James Cook
The famous Englishman was one of the finest cartographers of the eighteenth century. He was born in the north of England and by the age of thirteen he began to work with his father. But the boy was unable to trade, so he decided to go sailing. In those days, all the famous travelers in the world went to distant countries on ships. James became interested in the sea business and so quickly moved up the career ladder that he was offered to become a captain. He refused and went to the Royal Navy. Already in 1757, the talented Cook began to manage the ship himself. His first achievement was the drawing up of the channel of the river. He discovered in himself the talent of a navigator and cartographer. In the 1760s, he explored Newfoundland, which attracted the attention of the Royal Society and the Admiralty. He was entrusted with a journey across the Pacific Ocean, where he reached the shores of New Zealand. In 1770, he accomplished what other famous travelers had not previously achieved - he discovered a new mainland. Cook returned to England in 1771 as the famous pioneer of Australia. His last journey was an expedition in search of a passage connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Today even schoolchildren know the sad fate of Cook, who was killed by the natives-cannibals.
Christopher Columbus
Famous travelers and their discoveries have always had a significant impact on the course of history, but few are as famous as this man. Columbus became the national hero of Spain, drastically expanding the map of the country. Christopher was born in 1451. The boy quickly achieved success as he was diligent and a good student. At the age of 14, he went to sea. In 1479, he met his love and began life in Portugal, but after the tragic death of his wife he went with his son to Spain. Having received the support of the Spanish king, he went on an expedition, the purpose of which was to find a way to Asia. Three ships sailed from the coast of Spain to the west. In October 1492, they reached the Bahamas. This is how America was discovered. Christopher mistakenly decided to call the locals Indians, believing that he had reached India. His account changed history: two new continents and many islands discovered by Columbus became the main direction of travel of the colonialists in the next few centuries.
Vasco da Gama
Portugal's most famous traveler was born in Sines on September 29, 1460. From a young age he worked in the navy and became famous as a confident and fearless captain. In 1495, King Manuel came to power in Portugal, who dreamed of developing trade with India. For this, a sea route was needed, in search of which Vasco da Gama was to go. There were also more famous sailors and travelers in the country, but for some reason the king chose him. In 1497, four ships sailed south, rounded and sailed to Mozambique. There I had to stop for a month - half of the team by that time was sick with scurvy. After a break, Vasco da Gama reached Calcutta. In India, he established trade relations for three months, and a year later returned to Portugal, where he became a national hero. The opening of the sea route, which made it possible to get to Calcutta past the east coast of Africa, was his main achievement.
Nikolay Miklukho-Maclay
Famous Russian travelers also made many important discoveries. For example, the same Nikolai Mikhlukho-Maclay, who was born in 1864 in the Novgorod province. He could not graduate from St. Petersburg University, as he was expelled for participating in student demonstrations. To continue his education, Nikolai went to Germany, where he met Haeckel, a naturalist who invited Miklouho-Maclay to his scientific expedition. Thus, the world of wandering was opened for him. His whole life was devoted to travel and scientific work. Nikolai lived in Sicily, Australia, studied New Guinea, implementing the project of the Russian Geographical Society, visited Indonesia, the Philippines, the Malacca Peninsula and Oceania. In 1886, the naturalist returned to Russia and proposed to the emperor to establish a Russian colony overseas. But the project with New Guinea did not receive royal support, and Miklouho-Maclay fell seriously ill and soon died without completing his work on a book about travels.
Fernand Magellan
Many famous sailors and travelers lived in the era of the Great Magellans is no exception. In 1480 he was born in Portugal, in the city of Sabroza. Going to serve at the court (at that time he was only 12 years old), he learned about the confrontation between his native country and Spain, about travel to the East Indies and trade routes. So he first became interested in the sea. In 1505, Fernand got on the ship. For seven years after that, he plowed the sea, participated in expeditions to India and Africa. In 1513 Magellan went to Morocco, where he was wounded in battle. But this did not temper the craving for travel - he planned an expedition for the spices. The king rejected his request, and Magellan went to Spain, where he received all the support he needed. Thus began his journey around the world. Fernand thought that the route to India from the west might be shorter. He crossed the Atlantic Ocean, reached South America and discovered the strait that would later be named after him. became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. On it, he reached the Philippines and almost reached the goal - the Moluccas, but died in a battle with local tribes, wounded by a poisonous arrow. However, his journey opened up a new ocean to Europe and the understanding that the planet is much larger than scientists had previously thought.
Roald Amundsen
The Norwegian was born at the very end of an era in which many famous travelers became famous. Amundsen was the last of the seafarers to try to find undiscovered lands. From childhood, he was distinguished by perseverance and faith in his own strength, which allowed him to conquer the South Geographic Pole. The beginning of the journey is associated with 1893, when the boy left the university and got a job as a sailor. In 1896, he became a navigator, and the following year set off on his first expedition to Antarctica. The ship got lost in the ice, the crew was sick with scurvy, but Amundsen did not give up. He took command, healed the people, remembering his medical education, and brought the ship back to Europe. Becoming a captain, in 1903 he set out in search of the Northwest Passage off Canada. Famous travelers before him had never done anything like this - in two years the team covered the path from the east of the American mainland to its west. Amundsen became known all over the world. The next expedition was a two-month hike to the South Plus, and the last venture was the search for Nobile, during which he disappeared without a trace.
David Livingston
Many famous travelers are associated with sailing. he became an explorer of land, namely the African continent. The famous Scotsman was born in March 1813. At the age of 20, he decided to become a missionary, met Robert Moffett and wished to go to African villages. In 1841, he came to Kuruman, where he taught the local people in agriculture, served as a doctor and taught literacy. There he also learned the Bechuan language, which helped him travel across Africa. Livingstone studied in detail the life and customs of local residents, wrote several books about them and went on an expedition in search of the sources of the Nile, in which he fell ill and died of a fever.
Amerigo Vespucci
The most famous travelers in the world were most often from Spain or Portugal. Amerigo Vespucci was born in Italy and became one of the famous Florentines. He received a good education and trained to be a financier. From 1490 he worked in Seville, in the Medici trade office. His life was associated with sea travel, for example, he sponsored the second expedition of Columbus. Christopher inspired him with the idea of trying himself as a traveler, and already in 1499 Vespucci went to Suriname. The purpose of the voyage was to study the coastline. There he opened a settlement called Venezuela - Little Venice. In 1500 he returned home with 200 slaves. In 1501 and 1503. Amerigo repeated his travels, acting not only as a navigator, but also as a cartographer. He discovered the bay of Rio de Janeiro, which he himself named. Since 1505, he served the king of Castile and did not participate in campaigns, only outfitted other people's expeditions.
Francis Drake
Many famous travelers and their discoveries have benefited mankind. But there are also those among them who left an unkind memory in themselves, since their names were associated with rather cruel events. The English Protestant, who sailed on a ship from the age of twelve, was no exception. He captured local residents in the Caribbean, selling them into slavery to the Spaniards, attacked ships and fought with Catholics. Perhaps no one could match Drake in the number of captured foreign ships. His campaigns were sponsored by the Queen of England. In 1577 he went to South America to destroy the Spanish settlements. During the trip, he found Tierra del Fuego and the strait, which was later named in his honor. Having rounded Argentina, Drake plundered the port of Valparaiso and two Spanish ships. When he reached California, he met the natives, who presented the English gifts of tobacco and bird feathers. Drake crossed the Indian Ocean and returned to Plymouth, becoming the first British person to travel around the world. He was admitted to the House of Commons and awarded the title of Sir. In 1595 he died in the last campaign in the Caribbean.
Afanasy Nikitin
Few famous travelers of Russia have achieved the same heights as this native of Tver. Afanasy Nikitin became the first European to visit India. He made a trip to the Portuguese colonialists and wrote "Voyage across the Three Seas" - the most valuable literary and historical monument. The success of the expedition was ensured by the career of a merchant: Afanasy knew several languages and knew how to negotiate with people. On his journey, he visited Baku, lived in Persia for about two years and reached India by ship. Having visited several cities of an exotic country, he went to Parvat, where he stayed for a year and a half. After the province of Raichur, he headed to Russia, laying a route through the Arabian and Somali peninsulas. However, Afanasy Nikitin never made it home, because he fell ill and died near Smolensk, but his notes were preserved and ensured world fame for the merchant.
