Definitive pronouns
Definitive pronouns
Discharge pronouns(begin with vs-), pointing to the whole set: everything, everything, everywhere, everywhere, always: Everyone is bad; All will pass. This category includes pronouns that indicate any element of the set: everyone, everyone, any, other, other, as well as the pronoun itself: Everyone should know this.
Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .
See what "defining pronouns" are in other dictionaries:
Point to a generalized attribute of an object. These include pronouns: himself, most, all, everyone, everyone, other, any, other, as well as pronouns everyone and everyone (obsolete). Pronouns any, anyone, each have the meaning of one of all ... ... Wikipedia
See definitive pronouns (in the article pronoun) ...
Definitive pronouns
Definitive pronouns- 1. With a significant semantic similarity of pronouns everyone, everyone and anyone (cf .: each of us can do this - ... each of us - ... any of us), they differ from each other in their inherent shades of meaning. Everyone has a pronoun ... ... A guide to spelling and style
Point to a generalized attribute of an object. All, everyone, everyone, any, himself, most, different. The pronoun itself can have the meaning of an amplifying word with a noun or a personal pronoun 'It was Pugachev (Pushkin) himself. Here he stands with... Dictionary of linguistic terms
definitive pronouns- 1) himself, herself, all, everything (local noun); 2) the most, everyone, different, all, everything, everything (local adj.); 3) some, each (local number); 4) always, everywhere, sometimes, everywhere (local adv.) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
The pronoun is an independent part of speech used instead of the name of a noun, adjective, numeral, adverb or its characteristics and indicating them, their relationship to other objects, phenomena, etc. Contents 1 ... Wikipedia
The pronoun is a part of speech devoid of its own lexical meaning and used instead of one or another noun or adjective, without naming the object (phenomenon, etc.) or its characteristic, but only pointing to them or to them ... ... Wikipedia
The pronoun is a part of speech devoid of its own lexical meaning and used instead of one or another noun or adjective, without naming the object (phenomenon, etc.) or its characteristic, but only pointing to them or to them ... ... Wikipedia
The lesson deals with definitive pronouns, their meaning, functions in speech, features of use.
1. Pronouns included in the category
Definitive pronouns are all, everyone, himself, most, different, other, any, each, all And all.
2. Examples of the use of definitive pronouns
The barefoot man bowed, looked gloomily at everyone, and went out.(A.I. Herzen).
Definitive pronoun in a sentence all. Initial form - all.
I would look from heaven to earth and rejoice in everything(A.N. Ostrovsky).
Everything all.
I will reveal the whole truth to you(A.S. Griboyedov). All- definitive pronoun. Initial form - the whole(m. r., sing. h., I. p.).
Anyone can be convinced of this if he goes to this garden(M.A. Bulgakov).
In this sentence, the definitive pronoun is any.
Yes, that's what I thought at first(A.I. Kuprin). Definitive pronoun itself. Initial form - myself.
The boy remembered that in his pocket were the very matches that his father had given him when he left for the city.(E.L. Schwartz). Definitive pronoun the most, and the initial form is most.
I was quenched in a different way, / I knew other thirsts, / But such a radiant dream / I dream only once(K.D. Balmont). In these sentences we are interested in the words different, others. These are definitive pronouns.
You can’t reason with them by other means: Natures are rude(N.A. Nekrasov). In this case, consider the word others- definitive pronoun ( another).
3. Meaning of definitive pronouns
The function of definitive pronouns is to identify an object or objects in a series of other objects.
4. Pronouns the whole, all And all
Pronoun the whole varies by gender, number and case and has the same forms as the adjective ( all, all, all, all, all, all etc.). This pronoun, like an adjective, agrees in gender, number and case with the noun it depends on.
Pronouns all And all look like pronoun forms the whole, but differ from it in that in the sentence they are not a definition, but a subject or object, that is, they replace not adjectives, but nouns. Although their forms completely coincide with some forms of the pronoun the whole, they are separate words; in the grammar dictionary of the Russian language we will find all three words: the whole, all And all.
Let's analyze the examples. Everyone came on time. What is the pronoun in this sentence? all? Or pronoun form the whole? pronoun in a sentence all is the subject, repeats the signs of a noun, which means we have the pronoun ALL.
I'm glad to see everyone. Glad to see who? All. We ask a question of a noun, so we again have a pronoun all.
All things were in their places. Here is the word all depends on the word things, defines it. Things(what kind?) all, this is a definition, which means we have a pronoun form the whole.
I did everything right. Done(what?) all. This is an addition. So we have a pronoun all.
He drank all the milk. Here the pronoun all depends on the word milk. What kind of milk? Everything. So this definition behaves like an adjective - a pronoun the whole.
It must be remembered that the pronoun the whole gender and number are non-permanent signs; this pronoun changes according to gender, numbers and cases. And for pronouns all And all gender and number are constant features ( all- plural, and all- always single, cf. R.). They change only in cases.
5. Pronouns myself And most
Consider the other two cognates: myself And most. Both of these pronouns change for gender and number: most, most, most, most; himself, himself, himself, himself. In addition, these pronouns are inflected. Moreover, the forms of indirect cases (all, except for the nominative) pronouns myself And most very similar. They look the same, but differ in emphasis.
The same will happen with the feminine gender.
I. p. the very top, the sister herself
R. p. of the very top, the very sister
D. p. to the very top, to the very sister
V. p. the very peak, the very, the very sister
T. p. the very top, the very sister
P. p. about the very peak, about the sister herself
Bibliography
- Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
- Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
- Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.
- About definitive pronouns ().
- About the ranks of pronouns ().
- Definitive pronouns. Presentation ().
Homework
Task number 1
Decline pronouns himself, most in the middle class.
Task number 2
Fill in the gaps with pronouns myself, most in the correct grammatical form. Point out the sentences in which the pronoun most serves to form the superlative degree of the adjective.
Working in the country was for my grandmother ... a favorite thing. He received a gift from... the director. I'll... dig up the beds. They've been friends since... childhood. A birch grew near the fence. Sasha can do it... without outside help. The underwater world is perhaps ... mysterious.
Task number 3
Find the definitive pronoun in the text. Justify your choice by answering these questions. What sign does the pronoun indicate and what question does it answer? How does it change? What word is associated with?
All the attractiveness of the earth lies in the animal and plant world. Both worlds have been studied by us almost to perfection, but contact with them always leaves a feeling of mystery. Mysterious and therefore beautiful are the dark thickets of forests, the depths of the seas. The cry of a bird, the crackling of a tree bud bursting from the warmth, is mysterious. The solved riddle does not kill the excitement caused by the spectacle of the earth. The more we know, the stronger the desire to know(K. Paustovsky).
What is a definitive pronoun? You will learn the answer to the question asked from the materials of this article. In addition, your attention will be presented with several examples of sentences and proverbs where this part of speech is used.
General information about pronouns
Before talking about what definitive pronouns exist in the Russian language, a complete definition of this part of speech should be given.
So, a pronoun is called an independent part of speech, which is very often used instead of a numeral, noun, and also an adverb. It should be especially noted that the pronoun can change in numbers, gender and cases.
What categories of pronouns exist?
Not everyone knows that the definitive pronoun is one of the categories of this part of speech. In general, there are the following:
Let's consider the last digits in more detail and give examples of how they are used in Russian.
demonstrative pronoun
Such pronouns are sometimes called demonstratives. They indicate what kind of object this or that person has in mind, as well as its location relative to himself or the addressee (this, that, such, such, such, so much, such, this, this).
It should also be noted that demonstrative pronouns are also capable of expressing additional information about an object (for example, its gender, animation, etc.).
In some cases, such a group is not distinguished separately. This is due to the fact that the corresponding meaning is expressed not in the form of independent words, but with the help of demonstrative particles that are attached to the noun.
Examples of demonstrative pronouns
Some experts refer to demonstrative pronouns and such words as "both" and "both". However, this is only if they are used in the meaning of “one and the other”, “one and the other”.
Here's an example:
- Both students successfully passed the session. (Both the one and the other student successfully passed the session.)
- Both boys received good gifts. (Both the other boy received good gifts.)
Other examples of demonstrative pronouns:
- This man was very rude to me.
- The one who does nothing is never wrong.
- I am what I am, and I will not be different.
- He is so smart and handsome.
- Take as many nuts as you like.
As for obsolete demonstrative pronouns, they are most often used in historical, religious and classical literature:
- I've never seen such a weirdo before.
- What a naughty (irony).
- To this day, not a word has been heard of him.
- That day when I wanted to leave home.
Definitive pronoun
This category of pronouns indicates any one object in a number of others. All, himself, every, most, everyone, everyone, everyone, other, other, any - all these are definitive pronouns.
Examples: everyone can walk fast; anyone can run; all dirty etc.
What are the characteristics of definitive pronouns?
We talked about what a definitive pronoun is. But what is their detailed indication? Let's answer this question in more detail.
However, it should be noted that not everything is so simple. After all, definitive pronouns have their own variations. For example, the word "any" is often used in the sense of "one to choose from" or "whatever." "Most" in some cases indicates the main feature of an object or its limit (for example, at the very end of the year). In addition, such a pronoun is sometimes used to form a superlative adjective or to indicate the highest measure of some attribute (for example, the greatest happiness comes when you don't expect it).
As for the definitive pronouns "other" and "other", they are usually considered as antonyms for the words "this" and "that".
Definitive pronouns: decline by case, gender and number or not?
The morphological features of such pronouns include their ability to change in three forms, namely by gender, case and number.
Here are some examples:
- the only and himself - themselves, the whole - everything;
- genus: itself - itself (itself), the whole - everything (all), the other - the other (other);
- cases: different - different (different), all - everything (all), different - different (other), etc.
However, this rule also has its exceptions. For example, such as "everyone" never changes in cases. It can be declined only by number and gender.
Members of the proposal
What part of the sentence are attributive pronouns? In written or oral speech, this part of speech most often acts as agreed definitions. For example: “The years are followed by new years, and every day brings us happiness.” Also, together with nouns, pronouns can be one member of a sentence. For example: “Every hour she called me just like that” and “The boss himself called me and gave the order.”
If the definitive pronoun becomes a noun, then it acts as a subject in the sentence. For example: "Everyone left, only I stayed at home."
It should also be noted that this part of speech often acts as a particle or adverb. For example: "He nevertheless agreed to marry her" and "She is all in her worries."
Where are the most commonly used definitive pronouns?
This part of speech can be used in completely different sentences. By the way, proverbs with definitive pronouns are quite popular in Russian. Let's give some examples.
The pronouns "any", "every" and "most", pointing to one object from others:
- The worst poverty is the lack of intelligence. The worst morning is Monday morning. The best friends are parents.
- Any work is good. Everyone chews, but not everyone lives. Bad ship - any wind in the stern.
- Everyone gets what is destined for him. Every cricket know your hearth. Everyone is sighted, but not every doctor.
The pronoun "any", indicating any object from others:
- Every sandpiper only praises his swamp.
- Not everyone will understand you like me.
- Everyone seeks the truth, but not everyone can create it.
- Everyone goes crazy in their own way.
- Every spruce makes noise to its forest.
The pronoun "all" ("everything", "everything"), which defines the subject as something inseparable:
- Everything is one: what is the pulp, what is the bread.
- Everything has its time.
- We all walk under God.
Pronouns are among the words without which it is difficult to imagine a competent, logically correctly constructed speech.
Pronoun - what is it?
The peculiarity of pronouns is that they are used in sentences to replace independent (nominal) parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, numerals, and sometimes adverbs. According to the grammatical meaning, morphological and syntactic features, all pronouns are divided into several categories. The definitive pronoun helps to clarify the subject or feature referred to in the sentence or context. An example of its use: " Each from the cups their features and stood on his place." Or “Vladimir decided that all will do myself».
What pronouns are attributive pronouns?
The list of definitive pronouns is small: this is the use of well-known words in various forms each, everyone, most, himself, different, other, all, any. This category also includes the rarely used all kinds and obsolete everyone. They will help to concretize the meaning that each named examples denotes.
- « Any (each, every) the apple was selective ”- with the help of these pronouns (they are interchangeable), one object is singled out from a number of similar ones.
- « Everything the guests seemed very surprised ”- the sentence refers to the totality of persons considered as something indivisible.
- "Arkady came to the station myself"- this pronoun indicates the person who performs the action.
- "Take another (other) book" - that is, different from this one.
Although sometimes the listed pronouns can have other meanings. For example:
- Take it on the road any(i.e., whatever) magazine - it will help pass the time.
- Anyone a person (generalizing shade) needs a family and care.
- It turned out myself(amplifying value) Bekhterev .
In addition, sentences with definitive pronouns can also include words most or the whole, often used to form the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs:
- "Her dress turned out most elegant."
- “In the new suit, he looked more solid all gathered."
It must be remembered that the words most And myself are different, although their forms, when changed in cases, coincide: that most magazine - togo most magazine, saw myself- had seen most. Moreover, in the first case, the first syllable will be stressed, and in the second, the last.
Pronouns or adverbs?
In linguistics, the question remains open about such words as always, everywhere, everywhere And under. Some linguists classify them as adverbs, while others classify them as definitive pronouns. Example: " Everywhere there were traces of a recent robbery.
Therefore, it should be borne in mind that in the Russian language textbooks of different authors, the approach to dividing pronouns into categories may differ. This must be taken into account when performing tasks related to determining the part of speech in a sentence or context.
Grammar features of pronouns
They are determined by what independent part of speech the pronoun replaces in each case.
The general grammatical meaning, as noted above, is to define one object or feature in a number of others.
The presence of number forms ( herself) and genus ( all, all, each, each), case change ( everyone, everyone, everyone) - such morphological features usually have definitive pronouns.
Grade 6 - it is during this period that schoolchildren study the pronoun as a part of speech - introduces them to their syntactic function. Since definitive pronouns most often correlate with adjectives, in a sentence they, as a rule, are definitions, moreover, agreed:
- « Every minute a new man is born in the world.
Less commonly, we are talking about cases where the pronoun acts as a noun or personal pronoun - subject or object:
- « Another would have been in his place for a long time all understood" - subject and object.
Proverbs and phraseological units with definitive pronouns
The ability of these pronouns to generalize has become the reason that they can often be found in proverbs and sayings. For example, " Everyone the sandpiper praises his swamp. Or " To each own side is nice."
Definitive pronouns are often included in stable combinations. Here are the most common expressions: everyone step, on all sails, in all eyes, any creatures in pairs and others. Many of them have a very interesting history.
So, the expression "shout at all Ivanovskaya” dates back to tsarist times, when heralds went out to Ivanovskaya Square, which is next to the bell tower of Ivan the Great, and loudly announced, that is, shouted, the decrees of the king. The meaning of the definitive pronoun (examples of the use of this phraseological unit confirm this): the voice was so loud that it was heard anywhere in the square. From here, "shout (yell) all over Ivanovskaya" - very loudly, so that everyone can hear.
Thus, definitive pronouns are a very interesting part of speech, allowing you to briefly, without unnecessary words, express your thoughts and focus on the semantic component of a sentence or a whole text.
Definitive pronouns in Russian- this is a category of pronouns by meaning, including a group of words that indicate a generalized attribute of an object. Definitive pronouns are adjective pronouns and answer questions Which? Which? Which? Which?
Examples of Defining Pronouns: himself, most, all, everyone, any, each, other, different, as well as outdated everyone, everyone.
Lexical features of definitive pronouns
For definitive pronouns, in addition to the meaning of a generalized attribute for all words, certain meanings are also distinguished for each individual word.
| Pronoun | Meaning | Examples |
| myself | indicates the person doing the action | He will do it himself. |
| the whole | indicates a set of objects, persons, or the full coverage of something | All year we helped a neighbor. |
| everyone, everyone | point to any object from a set of the same type | Everyone knows this rule. |
| the most, every, any | indicate the selection of one object (person) from a set of the same type | Every day I buy the freshest bread. |
| different, other | indicate an object (person) that is different in its characteristics from another object (person) mentioned in speech | Give me not this book, but another. |
Definitive pronouns. They serve to indicate the sign of the object of speech. These include: all, everyone, everything, himself, most, everyone, any, other, different, all, everywhere, everywhere, always.
Definitive pronouns decline in cases, change in gender and number.
- Everyone who stops learning gets old, whether at 20 or 80, and anyone else who continues to learn remains young. The most important thing in life is to keep the brain young. (G. Ford)
- One good friend is worth more than all the blessings of this world. (Voltaire)
- Even the most frank thought, the purest and most clearly conveyed fantasy, whether true or fiction, cannot arouse sincere sympathy. (L.N. Tolstoy)
- We do not need magic to change this world - we already have everything we need for this inside us: we can mentally imagine the best ... (J. K. Rowling)
The syntactic role of definitive pronouns
In sentences, attributive pronouns usually perform the syntactic role of an agreed definition, less often - other members of the sentence.
Examples: I like another Writer ( definition). Everything were ready to help subject). This girl was itself (part of a compound nominal predicate).
