The dictionary contains about 70 thousand terms. The dictionary contains terms denoting the main groups of concepts, processes and morphological structures characteristic of the human body in normal and pathological conditions at various stages of its development; diseases and pathological conditions of a person; pathogens and carriers of diseases; methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases; group names of medicines, names of medicinal plants; devices, instruments, instruments, etc. Abbreviations are given at the end of the dictionary. The dictionary is intended for medical specialists, translators of teachers and students of medical universities.
BUT.
abacterial sterile, bacteria-free, aseptic
mental disorder
abapical abapical, directed from the apex; inferior pole
abaptiston honey. those. conical trephine
abarognosis abarognosis (loss of the ability to feel the weight of an object)
abarthrosis joint, diarthrosis, synovial joint
abarticular 1. extra-articular 2. dislocated
abarticulation 1. dislocation 2. joint, diarthrosis, synovial junction
abasement omission; prolapse (of an organ)
abasia abasia (inability to walk, eg paralysis, muscle spasms)
choreic ~ choreic abasia
trembling ~ trembling abasia
abate to reduce, weaken, alleviate (eg pain); subside, weaken (for example, about the manifestations of the disease)
abatement reduction, weakening, alleviation (e.g. pain)
abaxial; lying off axis; located at the opposite end of the axis
abbreviated 1. abbreviated (eg about a course of treatment) 2. weakened (eg about an infection); abortive (about the course of the disease)
abdomen stomach
obsti-purn deformity of the abdomen due to shortening of the rectus muscles
acute ~ acute abdomen
boat-shaped ~ navicular belly
burst ~ sharp belly
carinate ~ navicular belly
distended ~ stretched belly.
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Download the book English-Russian Medical Dictionary, About 70,000 terms, Akzhigitov G.N., Benyumovich M.S., Chikorin A.K., 1992 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.
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Select the letter with which the term you are interested in begins and follow the link.
Abdominal - abdominal, pertaining to the abdomen.
Abortion is an artificial termination of pregnancy.
Absolute contraindications- such conditions when, for some reason, the use of the method is categorically not recommended due to possible consequences.
Abstinence - complete or episodic abstinence (from sexual activity, from alcohol in alcoholics, from drugs in drug addicts, etc.).
Abscess - a limited accumulation of pus in tissues or organs due to their inflammation with tissue melting and cavity formation.
autoclaved- sterilization of medical instruments, dressings using a sealed apparatus - an autoclave (in hospitals and clinics).
Agents - active chemicals, microorganisms that cause the signs and course of a particular disease.
Agony is a condition preceding clinical death. Unlike biological death, the state of agony is in some cases reversible, on which resuscitation is based.
Agranulocytosis is a sharp decrease in the number of neutrophilic granulocytes (one of the types of leukocytes) or their absence in the blood. Leads to fever, stomatitis, tonsillitis, necrosis of the oral mucosa, bleeding, sepsis. Causes: toxic damage to the bone marrow, etc.
BP (blood pressure)- blood pressure in the vessels, due to the work of the heart and the resistance of the walls of the arteries. It decreases with distance from the heart - the largest in the aorta, much less in the veins. Normal for an adult is conditionally considered a pressure of 100-140 / 70-90 mm Hg. Art. (arterial) and 60-100 mm of water. Art. (venous).
Adaptation - the process of getting used to, adapting, see also Accommodation.
Adaptogens - medicines that increase the body's nonspecific resistance to adverse environmental influences (temperature fluctuations, oxygen starvation, etc.), for example, tincture of ginseng, eleutherococcus, etc.
Adequate treatment- Appropriate, correct, accurate treatment.
Adenoma - a benign tumor of the mammary, thyroid and other glands, as well as glands of the mucous membranes, for example, the stomach.
Adynamia - a decrease in motor activity, a sharp decline in strength during starvation, prolonged illness, etc.
Adnexitis - salpingoophoritis, inflammation of the uterine appendages (fallopian tubes and ovaries) caused by staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci or other microbes.
Adrenaline is a hormone from the adrenal medulla. Mediator (conductor) of the nervous system. Entering the bloodstream, it increases oxygen consumption and blood pressure, blood sugar, stimulates metabolism. With emotional experiences, increased muscular work, the content of adrenaline in the blood increases.
Adsorbents- finely divided substances, insoluble in water, are used for skin diseases as powders and inside for some gastrointestinal diseases, including poisoning.
Adsorption is the absorption of a substance from a gas or liquid medium by a surface layer of a solid (adsorbent) or liquid. Adsorption is used in many branches of medicine (laboratory research, anesthesiology and resuscitation, toxicology, etc.), and is also one of the properties of the skin and mucous membranes.
Azotemia is an excess of nitrogen-containing products of protein metabolism (urea, uric acid, creatine) in the blood in case of kidney diseases, increased breakdown of tissue proteins, etc.
Accommodation is a concept close to the term "adaptation". For example, accommodation of the eye is an adaptation to a clear vision of objects located at different distances from the eye.
Acne - acne, damage to the sebaceous glands or their excretory ducts of an inflammatory nature with involvement of the hair follicles in the process. There are several varieties of acne: ordinary (occur in young people during puberty), red (with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or dysfunction of the gonads), medication (with prolonged use of iodine, bromine, corticosteroids), professional (with occupational pollution skin, for example, tar, tar, oil, chlorine compounds, etc.).
Actinomycosis is a chronic disease caused by a radiant fungus; purulent tumors - granulomas in any organs and tissues.
Alimentary - from lat. "alimentation" - i.e. food. Alimentary route of infection - a method in which infection occurs by eating infected foods or by using the same dishes with the patient.
Allergy is an increased or perverted sensitivity of the body to any substance - an allergen. The reaction to an allergen can occur in the form of delayed hypersensitivity (after some time) or immediate type (immediately after contact with the allergen). Allergy underlies the so-called. allergic diseases (for example, bronchial asthma).
An allergen is a substance that causes an allergic reaction (synonym: antigen).
Alopecia - hair loss, widespread or limited. There are congenital, alopecia areata, symptomatic (with some types of treatment, such as chemotherapy) and other types of alopecia.
Albinism is a congenital absence of pigmentation of the skin, hair, and iris.
Albuminuria (proteinuria) - the excretion of protein in the urine in violation of the kidneys (nephritis, acute infections, poisoning, etc.), sometimes occurs in healthy people, for example, after hard physical work.
Albumins - simple globular proteins contained in the serum of the crown, are determined in the laboratory during a biochemical blood test.
Alveolus (from Latin cell, vesicle) - 1. Bubble-like formation in the lungs, braided with a network of capillaries. Gas exchange occurs through the walls of the alveoli (there are more than 700 million of them in the human lungs). 2. Tooth socket - a recess in the jaw, in which the root of the tooth is located. 3. Cellular terminal section of the gland, for example, salivary, mammary.
Aldosterone is a hormone produced in the adrenal cortex (corticosteroid) that regulates mineral metabolism in the body.
Amyloidosis is a protein-carbohydrate dystrophy. The formation and deposition in the tissues of the protein substance amyloid, caused genetically or as a result of a complication of a chronic infection, for example, osteomyelitis.
Amino acids are a class of organic compounds that have the properties of both acids and bases. Participate in the metabolism of nitrogenous substances in the body (initial compounds in the biosynthesis of hormones, vitamins, mediators, pigments, purine bases, alkaloids, etc.). About 20 essential amino acids serve as monomeric units from which all proteins are built.
Aminopeptidases are enzymes that complete protein digestion in the intestine.
Aminotransferases (transaminases)- enzymes of the class of transferases, the reactions catalyzed by them carry out the connection between protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
Amenorrhea - lack of menstruation
Anemia is a group of diseases characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.
Anabolism is a set of chemical processes in the body aimed at the formation and renewal of structural particles of cells and tissues.
anus- anus, see Anus.
Anamnesis - a set of information about the development of the disease, living conditions, previous diseases, etc., collected for the purpose of using it for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention.
Anatoxin is a bacterial exotoxin that has lost its toxicity as a result of prolonged exposure to formalin, but retained its antigenic properties.
Anatomy is the science of the structure (mainly internal) of the body.
Anaphylaxis is an immediate allergic reaction that occurs when an allergen is given parenterally; common manifestations - anaphylactic shock, serum sickness; local manifestations - inflammation, swelling, sometimes tissue necrosis. Also a general concept that includes hypersensitivity (an allergic reaction accompanied by the production of IgE, local or generalized).
Anaerobes - organisms capable of life in the absence of oxygen (some types of bacteria, yeast, protozoa, worms).
Angioma is a benign tumor of blood (hemangioma) or lymphatic (lymphangioma) vessels.
Angioneurosis is an increased reaction of the walls of blood vessels, their narrowing in response to nervous excitement.
Angiospasm is a periodic spasm of small arteries that worsens the blood supply to an organ or tissue (for example, with migraine, angina pectoris).
Androgens are male sex hormones produced mainly by the testes, as well as by the adrenal cortex and ovaries. Stimulate the development and function of the male genital organs, the development of secondary sexual characteristics (the appearance of a mustache, beard, male-type body hair growth, etc.).
Aneurysm - expansion. 1. Aneurysm of the heart - bulging of a limited area of the thinned wall of the heart, usually after a heart attack. 2. Vessel aneurysm - a limited local expansion of the lumen of the artery due to stretching and protrusion of its wall (with atherosclerosis, syphilis, damage).
Anemia is anemia. A group of diseases characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells and (or) hemoglobin in the blood. Causes: blood loss, increased blood destruction or impaired hematopoiesis. Some anemias are hereditary. Manifestations: weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath, palpitations, pallor of the skin.
Anesthesia is the loss of nerve sensation. Artificial anesthesia for pain relief during surgical operations is achieved by the action of an anesthetic substance on the brain (general anesthesia - anesthesia), on the nerve endings and trunks at the site of the operation (local anesthesia) or on the spinal cord (spinal anesthesia).
Anisocytosis is the presence in the blood of formed elements (cells) that are outside the limits of physiological variation (norm) in size.
Ankylosis - immobility of the joint, mainly due to the fusion of the articular surfaces after an inflammatory process or injury.
Anomaly - structural or functional abnormalities of the body, due to violations of embryonic development. Pronounced anomalies are called malformations, deformities.
Anosmia is the absence of the sense of smell.
Antibiotics - organic substances formed by microorganisms and have the ability to kill microbes (or prevent their growth). Antibiotics are also called antibacterial substances extracted from plant and animal cells. Used as drugs that suppress bacteria, microscopic fungi, some viruses and protozoa, there are also antitumor antibiotics.
Antigens are substances that carry signs of genetic foreignness and, when they enter the body, cause an immune response - the formation of antibodies. The properties of antigens are possessed by organs, tissues, cells and fluids of all living organisms. Individual differences in people at the genetic level cause rejection of tissues during their transplantation (transplantation), immunochemical division of blood into groups, can be used to determine kinship (paternity exclusion).
Antihistamines- medicinal substances that prevent or reduce the effects caused by histamine, i.e. expansion of capillaries and increase in their permeability, contraction of smooth muscles, etc. (mainly for allergic diseases).
Antidepressants- different in chemical structure and mechanism of action psychotropic drugs that improve mood, relieve anxiety and stress, increase mental activity. Used to treat mental depression.
Anticoagulants are drugs that reduce blood clotting.
Antiseptics - a method of preventing infection and treating infected wounds by exposure to pathogenic microbes by chemical (antiseptics) or biological (antibiotics) methods.
Antibody - blood plasma immunoglobulins synthesized by cells of lymphoid tissue under the influence of various antigens. Interacting with microorganisms, they prevent their reproduction or neutralize the toxic substances they release. In some pathological conditions, antibodies to their own antigens appear in the body, which causes damage to various organs. Antibody-antigen reactions are used to diagnose various diseases, identify microorganisms and certain substances.
Anuria - cessation of urine output in renal failure ("true" anuria), as well as due to a drop in pressure in the renal vessels during blood loss, shock (extrarenal anuria), an obstruction to the outflow of urine (for example, when the ureters are compressed by a tumor) or reflex effects on the renal vessels (for example, with mental trauma, acute pain). Prolonged anuria leads to uremia.
Anus - the anal, anus opening of the final part of the digestive canal, which serves to remove undigested food residues from the body.
The aorta is the main artery of the circulatory system, leaving the left ventricle of the heart. It supplies the organs and tissues of the body, the main vessel of the systemic circulation, with arterial blood circulation.
Aplasia is a malformation, congenital absence of any part of the body or organ. Aplasia of one of the paired organs (for example, the kidney) may not lead to functional impairment.
Apnea - a temporary stoppage of breathing when the blood is depleted of carbon dioxide (for example, after increased artificial or voluntary breathing). False alnoea occurs when the skin is strongly irritated (for example, with cold water).
Arboviruses - a group of viruses carried by ticks, mosquitoes and causing arbovirus diseases (hemorrhagic fever, etc.).
Arrhythmia is a violation of the frequency or sequence of heartbeats: acceleration (tachycardia) or slowdown (bradycardia), premature contractions (extrasystole), disorganization of rhythmic activity (atrial fibrillation), etc. It may be the result of diseases of the heart muscle, neuroses, alcohol and nicotine intoxication, etc.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated (arterial) blood from the heart to all organs and tissues of the body (only the pulmonary arteries carry venous blood).
Arterioles - small terminal branches of arteries that pass into capillaries.
Asepsis is a method of prevention (sterilization of instruments, etc.), aimed at preventing the penetration of microbes into a wound, tissue or body cavity during operations, etc.
Aspiration - 1. Suction with a special instrument of liquid or air from any body cavity. 2. Ingestion of food debris, blood (during bleeding), vomit, etc. into the respiratory tract. in violation of the act of swallowing.
Assimilation is the same as anabolism. In a narrower sense - the assimilation of nutrients by living cells (photosynthesis, etc.).
Asthenia - neuropsychic weakness, increased fatigue, exhaustion, sleep disturbance, etc.
Astheno-vegetative syndrome- a condition characterized by irritability, weakness, increased fatigue, unstable mood, sleep disturbance, chilliness, sweating, increased heart rate. It can be the initial manifestation of all mental illnesses, and is also observed in neuroses and psychopathy.
Asthma is an asthma attack that develops either as a result of bronchospasm or as a result of heart failure (mainly left ventricular).
Asphyxia - suffocation caused by oxygen starvation and excess carbon dioxide in the blood, for example, when the airways are compressed from the outside (suffocation), closing their lumen with edema, etc.
Ascites is an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (abdominal dropsy). Causes: heart failure, liver cirrhosis, peritonitis, etc.
Atelectasis - collapse of the pulmonary alveoli due to compression of the lung, blockage of the bronchus (for example, by a tumor), pneumonia, etc. In newborns - non-expansion of the lungs due to the weakness of the respiratory movements of the child and the immaturity of the lung tissue.
Atheroma is a cyst of the sebaceous gland of the skin, formed due to blockage of its excretory duct with a thickened secret.
Atypical - atypical, uncharacteristic for this disease.
Atonic - non-infectious-allergic (atopic bronchial asthma).
Atopy is the general name of allergic diseases, in the development of which a hereditary predisposition to sensitization plays a significant role (for example, hay fever, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, atopic asthma, eczema).
Atrophy is a reduction in the size of an organ or tissue with a violation (cessation) of their function. It can be general (cachexia) and local, physiological (for example, atrophy of the gonads during aging) and pathological.
Autohemotherapy- intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of the patient's own blood taken from a vein in order to stimulate the protective functions of the body and improve metabolic processes. The method of treatment of sluggish infectious and other diseases.
Autoimmune diseases- due to immune reactions directed against their tissues and organs (for example, nephritis).
Achromia - the absence of color typical for these cells (for example, erythrocytes).
Aerobes - organisms that can live only in the presence of oxygen (almost all animals and plants, many microorganisms).
