Probably, all those who love to take pictures, who enjoy photography, know about the technique called bokeh. On the Internet, you can find hundreds of thousands of photos in the style of bokeh - with the effect of a blurred background. These pictures are sometimes just mesmerizing. Looking at them, the creativity of a real photographer is seduced and pushes him to new experiences in this area.
So what is bokeh? Let's start by defining the term itself. Bokeh is a Japanese word. It means fuzzy, fuzzy. In photography, this is a term that refers to the effect of vagueness, fuzziness, blurring of the background in the picture, when the background elements are out of focus. A blurred spot on the background will give the picture a unique charm, create a special, certain mood. Today we will try to explain to you how, with the help of what techniques, to achieve the bokeh effect in the pictures. We will share with you the secrets, tips, tricks of skill so that you yourself can create amazing bokeh.
1. We go out to shoot on the street
Nobody argues that you can experiment with bokeh without leaving your own house or apartment. But after all, we agreed that in the end we want to get something extraordinary and even unique in the picture. So, we take everything we need and leave the house. We go outside. Remember: the street is the most appropriate place for photography with bokeh effect. Night lighting on the streets of the city hides a particularly great potential. After all, this lighting is so diverse!
2. You need to be creative
Went outside? Well, now shoot the bokeh. Yes, yes, right away, without thinking, without even focusing your camera. The main part of the creative process when shooting to create the bokeh effect is observation. The future picture must first be imagined mentally, and only after that look for a way to make it beautiful, spectacular, captivating the viewer. For example, think about how the water splashes you took at night would look like in a photograph. background. Interesting idea, is not it? And creative, too. It will easily arouse increased interest in the audience, and your pictures will immediately become different from those of other photographers.
3. Darkness has come. Let's start taking pictures!
No one forbids and will not forbid you to shoot with the bokeh effect during the day. But if you shoot bokeh at night, then your pictures will be truly enchanting. It is difficult to deny yourself such a pleasure - to shoot bokeh in a night city. Night city lights, illumination, illuminated advertising - all this looks impressively beautiful in bokeh.
4. Find a suitable place for photographing
When we shoot bokeh in a city at night, a seemingly insurmountable problem often arises - moving objects. People, cars and everything else that does not stand still. Here you need to observe, carefully look at the street you are on, study the area in which you are shooting. The place, or rather, the shooting point for creating a picture with the bokeh effect, sometimes you have to choose a long time. For example, elevated places are good for this, from which a beautiful panorama of the city at night, the colors of its lights opens. You can use traffic lights for bokeh, the round eyes of which constantly blink and change their color. Traffic lights are generally an ideal subject for shooting with bokeh. Why do you think? We have already said above that with such shooting, good illumination of the plane is necessary, which gives us a solid background, which is necessary for the blur effect. At a red traffic light, traffic on the carriageway of the street stops, all cars freeze in place. So seize this moment! It is at these moments that it is most convenient to achieve dim, even lighting, which we, in fact, need.
5. Interesting items can be taken from home
Let's compare shots that show a simple, basic bokeh with a streak of light, with others that have certain elements or objects that are emphasized. Typically, such subjects are brought to the fore, and bokeh is used here as a background. Such pictures are sometimes simply breathtaking, creatively attractive. It’s very good as such an object, for example, there will be a glass of wine ... Well, if you forgot or simply didn’t want to, were too lazy to take something like that with you from home, then try using, say, a support as such an object in the foreground street lighting, parked car, or another object that is interesting in its shape, texture, lighting.
6. Choosing the Right Lens
Different lenses convey the fuzzy zone in different ways. The perception of bokeh is a rather subjective feeling. But, nevertheless, generally accepted guidelines exist. Here we will rely on them.
Perfect bokeh can be created by shooting with a fast lens. Very good here, for example, a lens with a focal length of 50 millimeters and an aperture of f 1.8, f 1.4 or even f 2.8. Zoom lenses, zoom lenses, perform much worse in this regard than fixed focal length lenses.
A 35mm lens can also be used to capture bokeh effects. A zoom lens of 70-300 millimeters and an aperture of f 2.8 can also give good bokeh. Well, if you don’t have a full set of lenses yet, you only have the whale lens with which you bought your camera, then an 18-55 mm lens with an aperture of f 2.8 or f 1.4 will be very good for creating bokeh. The bokeh effect created by shooting at a narrow aperture such as f9, f11 or f22 is much worse.
7. Manual focus? Well, of course!
If you try to shoot bokeh in auto focus mode, then you will inevitably have trouble, and a lot of it. But, as the famous literary character, "Calm, only calm." Don't worry. Try to focus on work, orient yourself in the current environment and calmly set up your camera. Remember: manual focus works much better and more reliably than automatic focus. Plus, if you have your main subject in the foreground, manual focus is much easier to use.
8. What to enter into the frame?
Do not think that when shooting in bokeh style, you can easily forget about the composition of the frame. No matter how! Composition should always be remembered. Take a picture of the scene you are interested in and immediately check which background would be more suitable for your work. Well, in order to get a clear focus on the picture, shoot at night with a tripod. And not only at night, however.
9. Be prepared to be addicted
Once you start shooting bokeh, taking pictures with out-of-focus backgrounds, the urge to work can just take you over. huge force. Sometimes it will seem to you that it is simply impossible to stop. In this case, more and more new ideas will push you to new and new experiments and compositions. And it may end with the fact that your magnificent pictures will inspire you, and perhaps not only you, to new grandiose achievements.
Based on materials from the site:
You have probably seen photos with a blurred background more than once - in the language of professional photographers, the blurred background effect is called "bokeh". It is used very widely - in a variety of photographic genres, and is often essential element Photo.
Bokeh (bokeh) - the word is Japanese, and means - "blur" ... And it really is! True, not all blurring will be - " bokeh". This word is usually called the blurring of the background of a photograph that occurs at low depth of field of the depicted space(DOF) behind a clearly captured object.
Bokeh in a portrait. © Karpin Anton
Aperture = 1/4.5
Focal length = 70mm.
How to get bokeh in a photo? What technique to use?
Of course, already from the definition it is clear that bokeh is the native daughter of depth of field. And, guided by the principles of creating photographs with a small depth of field - it is logical to assume that in order to create this effect, the depth of field should be the smallest!
Let's give an example of camera settings to get a small depth of field and, accordingly, beautiful bokeh...
We take a camera: for example, Canon 550D, 600D, 1100D or Nikon D3100, D5100 or any other SLR camera and set the "aperture priority" (AV) mode, then look - what is the minimum aperture of your lens. For example - most "standard" lenses = 3.5 or 5.6 (or it can be marked as 1 / 3.5 or 1 / 5.6), and we install it. Next, set the maximum focal length of the lens (for "ordinary" lenses, this is most often 55 mm., Saying plain language- we make the "maximum approximation"), and install it ... then we approach our photo model as close as possible, for example, half a meter and take pictures! If the bokeh is not visible, we are getting even closer
What technique will help us create the most beautiful bokeh?
A lens with an extremely small depth of field is a lens with the largest aperture. Most lenses with F 1.4 are famous for very pretty bokeh! Also - than larger size matrix is used - the smaller the depth of field also becomes. But - not always a smaller depth of field - adds beauty to the bokeh ...
How to make bokeh - beautiful?
Photographers often like to discuss what beautiful or terrible bokeh this or that lens has. Even with the same aperture and focal length - the lens can "blur" the image - not at all the same!
Let's take for example a point source of light on the horizon "blurred" by us. For an "ideal" lens, this spot is a uniformly illuminated circle. But for a real lens with a diaphragm, the shape of the spot will follow the shape of the aperture hole. That is, if there are only 4 aperture blades in the lens - then, for example, the light of a distant lantern - which does not fall into the sharpness zone - will be blurred not in the form of a circle, but in the form of a square! Not very pretty! Therefore, modern lenses have the maximum possible number of aperture blades.
For example, in this photo you can see that the diaphragm had 8 petals, because. on it we observe - octahedrons ...
Photographer: © kevindooley.
However, this is not all the differences between bokeh shapes.
Even if the shape of the blurred point is close to a circle, this circle may not be illuminated evenly! It depends - on the optical scheme of the lens - on the talent of engineers who are in the eternal struggle with aberrations. For example - a circle can be brighter in the center - and transparent at the edges. Or vice versa - to be very bright at the edges - and transparent in the center - resembling a ring in its shape. Let's try to compare...
Poe Tatum
And here we see very soft bokeh... © gazzat
As you can see, the "rings" look much worse and "harder" than the "soft" spots.
Therefore, before buying a lens - if bokeh is important to you - be sure to look at the photos taken by this lens before you!
When, why and how - is bokeh used?
This effect is used to visually separate the subject from the background, as well as to give the background a certain neutrality - so that the viewer is not distracted by the contemplation of the background - but looks, for example, at the face of a person in a portrait. By the way - a photo-portrait - the most popular genre - in which almost without fail bokeh is used. Therefore, if you have selected the "portrait" mode on the camera, then the camera will most likely open the aperture itself - to the maximum possible!
To use the indicated effect - it is desirable that the subject be at some distance from the background and completely enter the zone of clear focus. pick up required values aperture and distances to the object and to the background - I recommend empirically.
Is it possible to make bokeh - in Photoshop?
Yes it is possible! For example, using the alen skin exposure plugin (formerly called "alen skin bokeh 2". But this is a topic for a separate publication, since creating bokeh in Photoshop is a rather laborious and not fast task.
Comments
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#34 A. Racter 29.07.2012 19:06
I quote Vyach:
A. Racter, why for cameras with a photopower of 3.5-5.6. do you advise to set bokeh to 5.6., although the article says about the need to set the minimum value?
Thanks for the question!
As I see it, I have written " 3.5 or 5.6", because, for example, at a focal length of 55 millimeter aperture " 3,5 "you can't set it on a cheap whale lens, for this focal length - the minimum aperture will just be" 5,6 ". But for the maximum manifestation of the bokeh effect, it is worth choosing just the maximum focal length. But if you shoot with a focal length of 18 mm., then set the "hole" in the value " 3,5 " without a doubt!
I'm sure you've seen these mesmerizing shots of blurry lights online and many of you have wondered how best to achieve the soft bokeh effect. If this is really about you, then you have come to the right place. In this tutorial, I will explain what bokeh is and how you can get it yourself.
1. Find out what it is
Increasingly in last years the term "bokeh" is not used in its original meaning. Today, the word is commonly used to refer to blurry lights and shapes in an image, when in fact it describes the aesthetic qualities of an out-of-focus area of a photograph. Therefore, you can say that bokeh is “good” or “bad” (although this is very subjective), but, in essence, the term refers to everything that is in that area of \u200b\u200bthe image that goes beyond the boundaries of the depth of field.
The beauty of bokeh comes when right choice setting the aperture when taking a picture results in a nice light pattern that forms soft patterns of circles of light, and this is the effect that we will try to achieve in this tutorial.
2. Where to start
First you need to turn to the manipulation of some camera settings. To create "bokeh" you need a wide open diaphragm and short focal length. It's best to put your camera in aperture priority mode, which will allow you to dictate the exposure of the image based on the selected aperture width, which should be large in order to let in a lot of light.
Depending on the capabilities of your camera and the lens you are using, choose a low f/number, anything from f/1.8 to f/4, even /f5.6 will do, but the lower the better. This aperture guarantees you a good shallow depth of field.
3. Depth of field
The next step is to check the depth of field to see if it matches the goal of achieving the blur effect. Make sure you leave enough space between you and the light source, and also that you have set the camera to manual focus. To increase the chance of creating good bokeh, position your subject as close to the lens as possible. If you're focusing on a subject extremely close to the camera, this will give you great blurring of the lights in the background.
4. Foreground and silhouettes
Once you have mastered all the technical details, you can start using bokeh in your daily photographic work. Try to get bokeh in the background of an image that has an alternate focus point in the foreground, such as a person or a still life subject.
Again, try to get as much distance as possible between your subject in the foreground and the lights in the background. Another thing that works quite well is placing the silhouette in front of your lights, similar to the object in the foreground. A crisp black shape will contrast well with the soft lighting in the background.
5. Now it's your turn
So now it's your turn, all you need is your DSLR and a set of small lights. Christmas lights (I know you just removed them) work great. Street lights in the distance will also give you the effect you want to achieve.
Find a time and place to practice getting the right settings on your camera, and when you feel ready, you can go and start applying the skills you've learned to your work. If you don't overdo it, bokeh can be used effectively to create a nice softness and depth in an image without drawing too much attention. It can really make your pictures look better!
06/05 12202
Bokeh (from the English bokeh; Japanese 暈け or ボケ - "blur") - the aesthetic effect obtained by an image that is out of focus, i.e. outside the IPIG area.
Bokeh is not in the realm of sharpness control: objects in focus can have the most different pattern blur. Our subjective attitude to such a pattern is called bokeh.
A perfect shooting lens focuses light from a point source into a perfect cone shape. The top of this cone, touching the matrix or film of the camera, creates an image in the form of a point of the smallest size. The size and shape of the dot depends on the quality of the lens. If the light reflected from the lens is not focused on the surface of the matrix, then the image takes the form of a disk. This disk is called a circle of confusion or scattering. Enough big number these circles can create a certain aesthetic effect.
Thus, bokeh occurs at a shallow depth of field. You can adjust the size of the scatter circles. It depends on:
- camera format values;
- focal length of the lens;
- the size of the relative opening of the diaphragm;
- distance from the central object of the photo composition to the background;
- the distance from the camera to the subject being photographed.
Bokeh and its quality.
You can hardly appreciate the quality of the bokeh. Any assessment will be highly subjective. It is not measured in any mathematical units. It is better to talk about the relevance of bokeh in a particular frame. Ito, there may be discussions about this. However, try to make bokeh soft: “dissolve” the background so that it does not interfere with the perception of the main objects of the composition. If your bokeh effect is harsh and distracting from the central subject, it will be difficult to perceive such a frame.
Properly placed bokeh will consist of circles of blur, evenly lit and with fairly clear edges. One such disc can be beautiful in itself. But when the background is blurred so that many hard-edged circles draw attention to themselves, this greatly burdens the composition.
Creating the perfect lens today is almost impossible. Developers only to some extent solve the problems of distortions (aberrations). The level of these distortions affects the shape and illumination of scattering spots. Therefore, real spots have a somewhat blurred edge. Several of these spots differ in brightness depending on their location relative to the center of the photograph.
Bokeh looks beautiful, in which the brightness of blur decreases evenly from the center to the edges. This is a consequence of not fully corrected lens distortion. Thus, a structural defect becomes an artistic merit.
The opposite effect occurs when spherical aberrations are overcorrected. In the picture, this is manifested in the fact that the brightness of the circles of confusion increases from the center to the edges. There is an effect of "ringing" of the photo. For some, this is an abomination. Others are delighted with such a creative phenomenon.
If you shoot with a zoom lens, and even with a large magnification, you can follow the change in the quality of the bokeh. It is affected by focusing distance and focal length. In general, this is normal, as developers are trying to reach a compromise solution.
In any case, you will not be able to create perfect bokeh over the entire range of focal lengths. In addition, lens makers pay more attention to the geometric regularity of spots than to their artistic value. While optimizing the bokeh pattern, pay attention to aesthetics background, which often distorts the image of the front. And there is nothing wrong here. It's just that most photographers and viewers are used to seeing the foreground sharp and the background blurry. Therefore, the quality of bokeh is in demand for the background.
Factors affecting the quality of bokeh.
Shape and number of aperture blades.
The arrangement of the aperture as a whole has more influence on the shape of the blur spots than on the very quality of this blur. If you look closely, these spots are not circles at all. Rather, they are polygons with the number of sides equal to the number of aperture blades. Nikon lenses have 7 or 9 aperture blades, Canon - 6, 7, 8, sometimes 9. Thus, blur spots with a six-blade aperture look like hexagons. But the diaphragm with nine petals gives almost perfect circles. Have you noticed that an odd number of aperture blades results in more pleasingly shaped spots?
Modern lenses are most often made with slightly rounded petals. This makes the sides of the polygons bulge, visually bringing them closer to a circle. 9 similar petals make perfectly round bokeh.
If you are photographing at a wide open aperture, then the circles of confusion will be in the center of the frame perfect shape, and closer to the edges become oval or lentil-shaped.
Bokeh and lens design.
The Defocus Control Nikkor are two telephoto portrait lenses (AF DC-Nikkor 105mm f/2D and AF DC-Nikkor 135mm f/2D) that have been manufactured by Nikon since the early 90s. They are equipped with a mechanism that will allow you to directly adjust the bokeh by changing the spherical aberrations. With it, you can adjust the blur of both the background and foreground, as well as at certain aperture values.
Sony (Minolta) 135mm F2.8 T4.5 STF. The lens is different:
- an apodization element with which you can smoothly blur the background;
- manual focus.
Mirror-lens lenses (Rubinar, Reflex-NIKKOR, etc.) allow you to make bokeh for an amateur: in the form of donuts or rings.
Anamorphic attachments and lenses are known to us from the cinema. Make bokeh in the form of vertically elongated ellipses.
Stabilizers.
You can get perfect bokeh if you turn off the optical image stabilizers that new cameras are now equipped with. So it turns out that the stabilization systems for the most part give a certain restless appearance to areas that lie out of focus.
Contrast level
The more contrast the background and the brighter the highlights, the more clearly the circles of confusion are visible and the sharper their edges. The most obvious bokeh is obtained when photographing a city at night or foliage against the backdrop of sunlight.
The color of objects that are out of focus.
There is such a thing as spherochromatism. This is the chromatic difference in spherical aberrations for rays of different wavelengths. This means that the edges of the scattering spots acquire a blurry edging in the background. green color. In the foreground, the same border is obtained, only crimson. You can see this better if you use long focal length lenses wide open. The effect of spherochromatism is such that the bokeh is soft and beautiful when the background in the frame is green. That is why the pictures are successful in this respect in the open air.
At the end of our conversation, let us draw a conclusion. It’s good if you don’t set photographing bokeh as an end in itself. Blurring is more of a secondary effect. Therefore, shooting bokeh for the sake of bokeh itself will quickly get bored. Just remember it as a tool for shallow depth of field shots. Do not create an idol out of him, which allegedly raises your status.
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But after all, everyone started somewhere. Today we will talk about the term bokeh, which is often used in the speech of photographers around the world. If we move away from exact scientific definitions, then the easiest to understand meaning of the term bokeh can be defined as: artistic blurring of the background in a photograph; an image that is out of focus; the aesthetic quality of the blur. The origin of the term comes from Japanese, where 暈け or ボケ( Bokeh or Bokeh) means - "blurring" or "fog", a possible translation is "blurring" and "fuzziness".
