In the Russian language, difficulties arise in spelling combinations of consonant sounds, because with morphophonemic spelling it is necessary to designate those sounds that are dropped out in a weak position during pronunciation.
To check the spelling of words with unpronounceable consonants(usually this is the second sound in combinations stn, stl, zdn, rdc, rtc, rdch, stc, stsk, zdc, ndc, ndsk, ntsk, ntstv, rgsk, first sound in lnc, vstv), it is necessary to choose this cognate, in which this consonant is pronounced, For example: regional - region, heart - cardiac. There are cases that have no verification and require memorization :ladder, idle, holiday, peer, feeling and etc.
You cannot insert extra letters if they are not in the test word, that is, in a word where the first consonant comes before the vowel, for example: delicious(delicious, taste+n-th), dangerous(dangerous).U Students who memorize combinations and forget about checking often make such mistakes.
REMEMBER: THERE ARE NO UNPROUNCABLE CONSONANTS IN WORDS:
flash, move, wither, fall asleep, pulp, go limp, splash, rinse, splash, puff, crack, squeeze, pull (although shine, move, withered, fall asleep, soft, flatten, splash, rinse, splash, puff, crack, squeeze, pull, crunch). Spelled in two ways crunch And shake.
These are the most ancient, common Slavic losses of consonants according to the law open syllable, fixed later in writing despite the alternations. Nowadays many of them are already pronounced in other words: jump, butt etc. Modern unpronounceable consonants reflected in writing are presented in a weak position requiring “checking”.
REMEMBER AND DISTINCTION:
art - skillful, mistress, cf. art
conjunction ‘position assessment’ – conjunction ‘text restoration’
statement, state – constant
bone (from bone) – inert ( views), obdurate
staircase (from climb, with unclear T) – forester (from forest)
pasture, grazing – although grazing, grazing, grazing
come , but I will come, will come, came
to be angry - to be angry; cordial
tablecloth, tablecloth - tablecloth
flask (the ancient unpronounceable consonant has disappeared T , Wed glass)
peer (cf. catch up) – the same age (from peer, Wed wonderful)
crunch, whistle – flash, splash, etc., see list above
feeling ( IN– now unfounded insertion, cf. chu-ya-ti) – participate
to patronize (‘to be a boss’) – she st to wade (‘to go’, with roots shed-, cf. ved-u – ve With-T And)
excavator - escalator
clearly (‘like woo’) – dishes (from Old Slavonic eat'eat').
Ex. 80. Paste required letters, select test words (usually with a vowel after the combination). Sample: Sectarianism – sectarians.
Arrest..sky, wordless..ny, blessed..ny, gratuitous..ny, disinterested..ny, furrowed..chaty, timber..ver, tasty..ny, hairy..noy, duodenum..colon , decadent..stvo, amateurish..skiy, provincial..nyj, famous..nyy, intendan..skiy, artificial..nyy, Islamic..skiy, commandant..skiy, compromise..to, ascertain.. , conju..ctivitis, correspondent..sky, criticism..stvo, oblique..views, god..father, lan..shaft, lieutenant..sky, hated.., unhappy..unlucky, dangerous. .ny, dirty..nik, pacif..skiy, pos..but, send..send (letter), send..sat (bed), holiday..nik, lovely..ny, pret..dent, prece ..dent, ren..genovsky, svers..nik, sergeant..sky, verbal..ny, rope..nik, terrible..ny, fascist..ky, participating..how, palmist..sky, she ..work, legal..consultation, furious..ny.
Ex. 81. Form adjectives from these words using the examples given.
1. Boast – boastful (person), happiness, fate. 2. Honor - honest position, taste, sorrow, dirty tricks, words, rarity, miracles, lips. 3. Petersburg - St. Petersburg, graduate student, dissident, racist, Holland.
Ex. 82. Write by inserting the missing letters. Choose test words. Highlight falsely verifiable and traditional spellings.
I. Postgraduate..scholarship, gratuitous..aid, flashed..lightning, stormwater..nick of the revolution, hair..officials, Dutch..ka, decadent..poems, official..noy, stars. ..wars, skillful..defense, commandant's..daughter, oblique..looks, oblique..brain, forest..farm, forest..nitsa, forest..review, month..time , confidante of the lady, Odessa..ky, environs..nearby, danger..pasture, pos..niy, peers..niki, peers..sweet..ny, verbal.. crazy, crazy..crazy, away..ny, terrible..ny, in chains, mustache, mustache..participate, garlic..seasoning, scratch..to feel, feel..miracles ..new, I..more precisely.
II. 1. I, too, grew up, unhappy and thin, among living, burdensome races (Es.). 2. “Look, Igor,” said Shurik, “as you can see, they still didn’t run to the telegraph office.” “Yes, that’s true,” Endel stated. (Ax.). 3. You still need to get used to this, Pukhov reasoned, - but it will be difficult for the people in the void: they will make trouble for you from their inappropriate heart (Pl.). 4. – With what eyes do you look at me? E-and-and, shameless...! How the earth holds you! (Sh.). 5. Guchkov attacked the “pacifist ideas that poured into the army” (NZ). 6. Meaning last quatrain, obviously, seemed to the editor to require conjecture: how can a poet, having become a thing, proclaim the word of a thing - and why? ("Star"). 7. He was also worried by the fact that Sonya was in love with him, and therefore was partly close to him, which made her, as it were, a secret accomplice in the love life of his soul, and sometimes even gave a strange hope that in Sonya he could find either a confidant of his feelings, or then some replacement for Katya (Bun.).
Ex. 83. Explain which of the words given next to them cannot be tested and why. Write it down.
Move..move - move, forest..ny review - flattery, forest..nitsa - climb, pulp..kot - soft, pasture - graze, in the same way - before, in..handwriting - emphasize, squeeze - squeeze, s..swear - glass, verbal - words.
31. Which phrase contains a word with a missing unpronounceable consonantA) Wonderful view
B) Unfamiliar area
C) Heavenly vault
D) Festive procession
E) Honor the hero of the day
32. Variant in which there is a word with an unpronounceable consonant
A) Skilled master
B) Wonderful view
C) Unbearable character
D) Bony brain
E) Reserve football player
33. Indicate a word with an unpronounceable consonant
A) Delicious
B) Dangerous
C) Sad...
D) Wonderful
E) Wonderful
34. Indicate which phrase is used correctly capital letters
A) State Tretyakov Gallery
B) State Tretyakov Gallery
C) State Tretyakov Gallery
D) State Tretyakov Gallery
E) State Tretyakov Gallery
35. Which nouns are written with a capital letter?
A) Own
B) Common nouns
C) Animated
D) Inanimate
E) Feminine nouns
36. Find your own name
A) Balkhash
B) Class
C) Office
D) Resort
E) Rink
37. Enclosed in quotation marks
A) Animal names
B) Last name, first name, patronymic
C) Names of countries, cities, villages
D) Names of rivers, lakes, mountains
E) Titles of literary works
38. Identify a common noun among proper nouns
A) Sergeev
B) Petrov
C) Ivanov
D) Teacher
E) Nikitin
39. Indicate a proper name: In the fifth grade among us
Atanas is the funniest of all
A) In the fifth
B) Everyone
C) Funnier
D) Atanas
E) In class
40. Indicate the word with the correct hyphenation
A) Pencil-ash
B) Stol
C) Take
D) Book-yoke
E) School
41. Define the word with correct word hyphenation
A) K-vacations
B) Vacations
C) Kan-ikul
D) Holidays
E) The word cannot be transferred
42. In what variant is word hyphenation possible?
A) Beam
B) Mother
C) Daughter
D) Mouse
E) Mine
43. In which variant is word hyphenation impossible?
A) Notebook
B) Tram
C) Thing
D) Route
E) Yours
44. Define the word in two syllables
A) Pencils
B) Tram
C) Thing
D) Carpet
E) Bus
45. In which word is the soft sign used incorrectly?
A) family
B) play
C) serious
D) entrance
E) blizzard
46. Insert ъ and ь where necessary:
ad...yutant, inter...yu, lo...on, s...save, in...explainable.
A) ъ, ь, ь, *, ъ
B) ъ, ъ, *, ъ, ь
C) ъ, ь, ь, ъ, ь
D) ь, ь, ь, *, ъ
E) *, *, ъ, ь, ъ
46. In which word is ь written?
A) conflagration... glow
B) the joy of meeting...
C) green pastures...
D) bitterness... of separation
E) got married...
47. Specify a word with a soft sign at the end
A) burning...
B) good...
C) married...
D) really...
E) trembling...
48. Indicate the option that contains the word without ь ( soft sign) after pinching:
A) Power...
B) Luxury...
C) Beam...
D) Berech...
E) Jump...
49. Indicate the option in which there is a word without ь (soft sign) after the pinch:
A) Rare...
B) Laughing...
C) Executioner...
D) Jump...
E) You're crying...
news, fame, famous; late, late, be late; reed, reed; holiday, festive, idle, celebrate; lips (lips), oral, oral; honestly, honor, honest.
write down the words in this order: first slavo, in which all consonant sounds are pronounced (test word), then words of the same root with unpronounceable consonants. select the root.
Exercise 1. Rewrite the words, choosing for each of them a word with the same root, in which the root is followed by a vowel.
Voiceless, delicious, powerful, gigantic, sorrowful, bulky, valiant, provincial, interesting, commandant, selfish, bone, local, daughter-in-law, hateful, rainy, patroller, neighborhood, dangerous, agenda, send, post, charming, biased, peer, whistle, heart, verbal, sun, reed, terrible, participate, whip, crunch, integral, honor, wonderful, oral, patronize, obvious, furious.
Task 2. D :
A. malicious violator;
B.surrounding forests;
C. bulky closet;
D.rare exhibit;
E.hlyos...what a speech.
Task 3. Choose the option with an unpronounceable consonant T :
A.great mood;
B.wonderful day;
C.traffic safety;
D.lovely girl;
E. the atmosphere of publicity.
Task 4. Choose the option with an unpronounceable consonant T :
A.meeting of peers;
B.friendship of peers;
C. interesting interlocutor;
D. skilled craftswoman;
E.shine...shine in the heights.
Task 5. Choose a word with an unpronounceable consonant IN :
A.honour heroes;
B.participate in the tournament;
C. I… really hear;
D. delicious food on the table;
E.walk above the class.
Task 6. Choose the option where the word with an unpronounceable consonant occurs D :
A. Trouble was stuck in his envy.
B. Without work there cannot be a clean and joyful life..
C. Honest... dishonest is not a friend.
D. A man is powerful with his heart, a tree with his roots.
E. The secret known to the three is no longer a secret.
Task 7. Insert missing letters where necessary. Choose test words.
Honest answer, interesting book, simple words, forest review, crossfire, viral infection, sailing, watch face, reed thickets, crisis situation, verbal art, tasteless food, an experienced rider, friendship of peers, my son’s peers, honoring a guest, feeling tired.
Task 8. Fill in the missing letters. Write these words in two columns: with an unpronounceable consonant and without an unpronounceable consonant.
Woeful, arboreal, voiceless, dangerous, virtuous, unbearable, impartial, integral, furious, backwater, uncontrollable, skillful, shameless... ny, gigantic, vile... , peer... nik, peer... nick, harb...nik, pedagogue... to, participate, whip... n, crunch... n, edible, silence..., surroundings, roundabout, agency, locality, hooligan, champagne.
Task 9. Rewrite by inserting the missing letters. Indicate test words in brackets.
1. The hall was warily silent. 2. Another two hundred steps - and we are safe. ( Arsenyev) 3. Autumn was late this year. ( Korolenko) 4. Dudnikov thrust the shovel into the ground with such force that the handle cracked. ( Sholokhov) 5. Among the eight children there was one the same age as me. ( Herzen) 6. Here, on stoves and on braziers, various dishes were fried and boiled, sizzling. ( Goncharov) 7. Lack of money chained me to the village that I hated. ( Tolstoy) 8. The accordionist played so recklessly, with such skillful t...lings, that the old man could not resist the temptation to listen. ( Markov) 9. My whole family is in good health and sends their regards to you. ( Chekhov) 10. It smelled of dry hot clay and nearby pasture. ( Fedin) 11. The squadron honored its heroes. ( Stepanov) 12. He also took part in the glorious Battle of Borodino. ( Kuprin) 15. The soldiers watched with disinterested curiosity where the planes would fly. ( Kazakevich)
Letter of an unpronounceable consonant at the root of a word
Planned result: apply spelling rules
Skills: find spelling patterns in words, determine the place of spelling patterns in a word, correlate the spelling pattern with a learned rule, find words with the letter of an unpronounceable consonant at the root.
Tasty, clear, interesting, And terrible, and in vain -
Safe and heavenly.
Don't forget these words
And wonderful and beautiful,
Don't put the letter "t" in them!
There are consonants such as V, D, T, L.
Not heard in all words,
But they are needed everywhere.
To know where to write them,
We need to check the word.
Sad
Sad - sadness,
I won't be sad.
Sad - I won’t forget the “T”.
Late
It's late - let's check, we're late,
They wrote “D” in the word late.
Sun
We don’t hear the “L” in the word sun.
Let's write sunshine in the word.
Star
Star - check the star.
Star - always write “D”.
Hello
You can’t hear the “V” in the word hello,
Let's check your health with a word.
We wish you all health
And don’t forget the “B” in the word hello.
1. Find mistakes in the rhyming words. Correct them.
Reed, lovely, powerful,
Valiant, unbearable.
Neighborhood, oral, local,
Wonderful, unknown.
2. Guess the riddles, write the answers correctly
It knocks day and night,
It's like it's a routine.
It will be bad if suddenly
This knocking will stop.
What is higher than the forest, more beautiful than light, and burns without fire?
When I'm lying on my back,
There is no use for me
But lean me against the wall -
I'll find something to do right away.
3. Rewrite the words, choosing for each of them a word with the same root, in which the root is followed by a vowel.
Voiceless, delicious, powerful, gigantic, sorrowful, bulky, valiant, provincial, interesting, commandant, selfish, bone, local, daughter-in-law, hateful, rainy, patroller, neighborhood, dangerous, agenda, send, post, charming, biased, peer, whistle, heart, verbal, sun, reed, terrible, participate, whip, crunch, integral, honor, wonderful, oral, patronize, obvious, furious.
4. Choose the option with the unpronounceable consonant D:
A. malicious violator;
B. surrounding forests;
C. bulky closet;
D. rare exhibit;
E. whip…what a speech.
5. Choose the option with the unpronounceable consonant T:
A. great mood;
B. wonderful day;
C. traffic safety;
D. lovely girl;
E. atmosphere of publicity.
6.Choose the option with the unpronounceable consonant T:
A. meeting of peers;
B. friendship of peers;
C. interesting interlocutor;
D. skilled craftswoman;
E. shine in the heights.
7. Choose a word with an unpronounceable consonant B:
A. honor heroes;
B. participate in the tournament;
C. I ... really hear;
D. delicious food on the table;
E. march over the class.
8. Choose the option where the word with the unpronounceable consonant D occurs:
A. Trouble depended on his envy.
B. Without work there cannot be a clean and joyful life..
C. Honest... dishonest is not a friend.
D. A man is powerful with his heart, a tree with his roots.
E. The secret known to the three is no longer a secret.
9. Insert the missing letters where necessary. Choose test words.
Honest answer, interesting book, simple words, forest review, crossfire, viral infection, sailing, watch face, reed thickets, crisis situation, verbal art, tasteless food, an experienced rider, friendship of peers, my son’s peers, honoring a guest, feeling tired.
10. Fill in the missing letters. Write these words in two columns: with an unpronounceable consonant and without an unpronounceable consonant.
Woeful, arboreal, voiceless, dangerous, virtuous, unbearable, impartial, integral, furious, backwater, uncontrollable, skillful, shameless... ny, gigantic, vile... , peer... nik, peer... nick, harb...nik, pedagogue... to, participate, whip... n, crunch... n, edible, silence..., surroundings, roundabout, agency, locality, hooligan, champagne.
11. Rewrite by inserting the missing letters. Indicate test words in brackets.
1. The hall was warily silent. 2. Another two hundred steps - and we are safe. (Arsenyev) 3. Autumn was late this year. (Korolenko) 4. Dudnikov thrust the shovel into the ground with such force that the handle cracked. (Sholokhov) 5. Among the eight children there was one the same age as me. (Herzen) 6. Here, on stoves and on braziers, various dishes were fried and boiled, sizzling. (Goncharov) 7. Lack of money chained me to the village that I hated. (Tolstoy) 8. The accordionist played so recklessly, with such skillful modulations, that the old man could not resist the temptation to listen. (Markov) 9. My whole family is in good health and sends their greetings to you. (Chekhov) 10. It smelled of dry hot clay and nearby pasture. (Fedin) 11. The squadron honored its heroes. (Stepanov) 12. He also took part in the glorious Battle of Borodino. (Kuprin) 15. The soldiers watched with disinterested curiosity where the planes would fly. (Kazakevich)
12. Replace the word naming the characteristic with a synonym word. Perform check.
Local resident -
It's a nasty day -
Sad picture -
True answer -
13. Insert the missing letters: in adjectives - unpronounceable consonants (if any), and in nouns - consonants paired on the basis of deafness and voicedness.
sailing boat
child's blood...
cabbage pies...
happy smile...
beautiful bro...ka
city square...
sad sk...ka
interesting book
lovely gray...s
gigantic century
delicious...nuts...
dangerous jumps...
famous le...chik
wonderful...unforgettable..ka
unfortunate cat
14. From these nouns, form cognate adjectives with an unpronounceable or voiceless-paired consonant at the root of the word:
city, children, rage, sadness, bad weather, misfortune, cabbage, lips, honor, flattery.
15. Connect adjectives with appropriate nouns. Insert unpronounceable consonants where necessary.
star pie
power turn
dangerous evening
happy cry
delicious writer
happy day
wonderful sky
later story
interesting case
famous voice
16. Read the words. Find and underline unpronounceable consonants.
Shepherd, graze, shepherdess, pasture.
Participate, participant, participation.
Sad, sad, sad, sad.
Late, late, late, late.
Whistle, whistle, whistle, whistle.
Cross, cross, surroundings, surrounding.
To speak, rumor, to remain silent.
Reed, reed, reed, reed.
Happiness, happy, lucky.
17. Choose test words to make unpronounceable consonants heard clearly.
Herald –
Adorable –
Rainy –
Reed –
Hello -
Whistle -
Surroundings –
18. Write suitable nouns. Choose test words so that unpronounceable consonants are heard clearly.
Cabbage (________________) ____________.
Regional (_______________) ______________.
Star (____________) _______________.
Ruthless (________________) _____________.
Valiant (______________)___________.
Famous (______________) _______________ .
Words for reference: sky, leaf, poet, center, warrior, enemy.
19. Write according to the model. Indicate the spelling.
Late: late call.
Giant: _______________________ statue.
Joy: ______________________ meeting.
Holland: _________________________________ tulips.
Sweetness: _________________________ dreams.
Difficulty: __________________________ impressions.
Honor: ___________________ word.
Self-interest: _____________________ goals.
20. Insert the missing letters where necessary.
Gigantic, delicious, cap... vain, terrible, hairy, cramped, concordant, sad, place, surroundings, clarity.
21. Find mistakes. Write these phrases correctly.
Verbal answer, fortress wall, green pasture, vault of heaven, dry reeds, whistled loudly, beautiful flowers, cabbage pie, competitor, clear weather, heavy feeling, wonderful surroundings, sixteen years old, terrible wind, narrow staircase.
22. Read. Write down words that contain unpronounceable consonants in the first column, and words that do not contain them in the other.
Delicious, joyful, dangerous, starry, interesting, happy, adorable, cabbage, terrible.
23. From these nouns, form single-root adjectives with an unpronounceable or voiceless-paired consonant at the root of the word.
Children - _________________________
rage – _________________________________
sadness - ________________________
bad weather - ______________________
misfortune - _____________________
cabbage - _______________________
mouth – __________________________
honor - _________________________
flattery – _________________________
24. Fill in the missing letters.
It's late...sleep. The p...year is worth a...de...no. The rays of the sun...light the earth. (From) z...mli (by) seemed... m...l...giving a fuck...ka. Snowdrops and lily of the valley appeared... . (On) the... roars... (on) the booze of the kidneys. The forest smelled of sweet birch sap. Soon the leaves on the trees will become lazy. Already in...their first green...tongues. Good sleep!
Birds sing funny songs. Happy...but they tweet in...rob...and. Nimble titmice are jumping. Everyone is happy about spring!
25. Fill in the missing letters
Hourly boarding house, emergency exit, whistle loudly, wonderful taste, famous traveler, happy day, joyful holiday.. .nick, branch crunched...sensitive skin, selfless act, simple...technique, dependent person, ponderous gait, forester span, bulky closet, hello.
26. Make up phrases based on the model. Sample: (joy) day – a joyful day.
(Region) city –
(Happiness) meeting -
(Giant) plant –
(Honor) deed -
(Lovely) picture –
(Rage) wind -
(Cabbage) cutlets –
(Bad weather)
27. Change the word combinations according to the example. Sample: cane sugar - cane sugar.
Landing on the stairs -
Resident of this area -
Holiday day –
The man who became famous -
28. Write words that answer the question which? Sample: thrifty - (what?) thrifty.
Delicious (what?)
Wonderful (what?)
Dangerous (what kind?)
Beautiful (what?)
Interesting (what kind?)
Hardy (what kind?)
Terrible (what?)
Clear (which one?)
29. Write the words in three columns in this order: noun, adjective, verb. Underline words with unpronounceable consonants.
Highway, locality, thunderous, a_uratny, ut_paet, cr_ky, chew_at, so_ntse, l_doshki, p_sht, tra_ka, ose_y, m_kushka, morn_y, Ro_ia, interesting, tr_pa, dried up, lo_ky, su_ota.
30. Write down your answers using words with unpronounceable consonants and sn-sign combinations.
In stock. Participate. Arousing interest. Constantly jealous. Pleasant to the taste. Pertaining to bone. Related to the forest. Related to the area. Travel clerk. Address with greeting.
31. Insert into the proverbs suitable words with unpronounceable consonants.
____________ is not a comrade for the dishonest. The secret, _________ to the three of us, is no longer a secret.
The hands have work, but the soul has _________. ________ if you get up, you won’t do much.
Words for reference: pos_no, famous, honest, holiday.
The mother's __________ warms her better.
The trouble _________ is his envy.
A hardworking person is the most _______.
Words for reference: heart_tse, so_ntse, zavis_nik, happy.
32. Make up and write down sentences from the words of each line.
Furious, driven, blowing, sailing, winds, lo_ki.
Region, locality, ours, lovely, very.
We met, gleefully, beautifully, with, childhood, feeling, in, in_dream, joyful.
We filmed giant, schoolchildren, leaves, cabbages, caterpillars.
The hunter, in, caught, a rope, a crane, a big, gigantic, with, unfortunate, n_goy.
The director arrived on a beautiful day.
33. Write it down by correcting mistakes.
Our heartfelt guys received good news. Children's galas are ringing everywhere. A well-known playwright came to school. He will tell piles of interesting stories. Happy schoolchildren gathered for a local holiday.
