Summary of GCD in senior group
Topic: “Experiments and experiments with bird feathers”
Tasks:
O.O. " Cognitive development»:
expand and consolidate ideas about birds, the importance of feathers in the life of birds;
encourage children to do elementary experiments, develop the ability to observe and draw verbal conclusions.
O.O. “Social and communicative development”:
continue to teach children how to interact with peers.
O.O. " Speech development»:
practice using comparisons, selecting definitions and antonyms. expand active dictionary children (“mA hovoe", "fluff"O voe", "boronO dka").
O.O. “Artistic and aesthetic development”:
learn to create an image of what you see;
develop children's interest in music and the desire to listen to itand imitate the sounds of birds with the help of musical works.
O.O. “Physical development”:
development fine motor skills hands
Materials for the lesson:
Research kit: (flight and down feathers, stones, scales, zippers, pipettes, container with water, vegetable oil, paper wing, magnifying glasses, wire, brushes, napkins, scissors, oilcloth). Microscopes.
Org. moment : children enter the group and see bird tracks
and feathers. –
Who left traces? (birds)
How did you guess? (by tracks and feathers)
What do we call the birds that winter with us? And the ones that fly in and out from us? Name the migratory (wintering) birds.
Guys, why do birds fly to warmer climes?
What birds could have left tracks and feathers today? (wintering). Why?
- Can animals that walk on two legs be called birds?(No. Humans also walk on two legs, but dinosaurs used to walk.) Why?
Can animals that eat grains be called birds?(No, many animals eat grains - rodents, horses.)
Can animals and insects that fly be called birds?(Which ones have wings?) (No. In addition to birds, butterflies, beetles, mosquitoes, and bats fly.)
Can animals and insects that lay eggs be called birds?(no. In addition to birds, all insects, worms, turtles, snakes lay eggs)
Can animals that have a beak be called birds?(No, some animals also have a beak, for example the platypus.)
So what do birds have that no other animal has?
After some thought, the children independently come to the conclusion that the named animal species do not have feathers.
Right. After all, Birds also have a second name: Feathered Ones. Nobody except birds has feathers.
This distinguishes them from other animals and insects. (Feathers)
But what interesting feathers are, what different ones, I propose to study them in our laboratory.
Main part.
Experience No. 1. - Touch the feather. What is it like? (dense, hard, large) - I wonder if it is light or heavy? Children put a feather on one hand and a stone (lung) on the other.
Experience No. 2 Toss the feather. What do you see? (falls slowly, smoothly spinning). - Why is it light? (rod empty)
Experience No. 3 Cut off the edge of the feather - we see a void (you can try inserting colored wire to check the void.)
That's why it's light, the core is empty.
Experience No. 4 "How the pen works"
Wave the pen, what do you feel? (Air) - When a bird flaps its wings, the feather elastically springs without releasing the hairs. These feathers are called flight feathers.
Let's look at a feather under a microscope.
Seeunder the microscope, we discover a stunning sight.
The teacher offers a picture of a feather under a microscope.
As we all know, there is a shaft in the middle of the pen. There are a lot of little barbs coming out of each side of the shaft. Beards of varying softness and sizes. Moreover, attached to each beard great amount small-small forestO daughters that can only be seen under a microscope. These barbs are held together by means of hooks.The hooks are easily connected, fastening the surface of the feather, and if they disengage, the bird uses its beak to connect them.
Repeated viewing of the pen under a microscope, comparing what is seen in the picture with the image in the microscope.
Once upon a time, very attentive people saw this and invented the zipper.
Experience No. 5 with lightning and fly feather.
What other feathers do you have?
PoohO high (small, fluffy, thin, hairs not interlocked, thin shaft).
Feather comparison
Apply fluffO howl feather on mA hovoe and compare by size. Which one is bigger?
Then we move the down feather along the hand - soft, fluffy. -Why do you think a bird needs such a feather? (Down feathers serve the bird to retain heat. They are found on the body, head, wings, and paws).
I wonder which feather is lighter - down or flight feather? “Weigh” it on your palms, then blow on the feathers. (Children are blowing - which one will fly further - downy or fly?)
Why do you think waterfowl’s feathers don’t get wet? Because they have a special fatty gland and the birds themselves lubricate their feathers with their beaks.
Let's do an experiment.
Experience No. 6
You have a flight feather, drop some water on it. Water rolls off the feathers of birds like this. It’s not for nothing that the proverb “Water off a duck’s back” says. That's why the feathers don't get wet!
What did we learn about in the laboratory today? - About how they are structured bird feathers and their purpose. Having examined feathers in our laboratory, we can conclude - why do birds need feathers? (Help the bird take off, stay in the air, protect it from getting wet, keep it warm)
Birds take care of their feathers every day, thoroughly clean their plumage, and remove dirt.
Now I will tell you something interesting. A long time ago, people wrote with pens because there were no pencils, etc. then.
Let's try to do this too: draw beards on the feathers with a pen.
Conclusion: Today we did a lot of experiments with feathers. We learned a lot about birds. Next time we will meet at the bird feeder and find out what the birds that stay with us for the winter most like to eat.
How does a pen work?
The theory of evolution, which states that birds evolved from reptiles, cannot explain the enormous differences between these two classes of living beings. Birds, with their skeleton consisting of hollow and weightless bones, their lung system, their warm-blooded metabolism and other similar features, are very different from reptiles. And one more property that creates an insurmountable gap between birds and reptiles is feathers, which are unique to birds.Protein-based feathers are made from a substance called keratin. Keratin is a strong and durable material formed as a result of the death of old cells that are located in the lower layer of skin tissue and die, moving away from sources of nutrition and oxygen and making room for young cells.
Bird feathers are designed to be so complex that it cannot be explained by the evolutionary process. Renowned ornithologist Alan Feducchia notes: "Everything distinctive features feather is that it has aerodynamic properties. The feathers are lightweight, have lifting power and take up easily the same form". And Feducchia reacts to the failures of the theory of evolution as follows: “I cannot understand how such an organ, which was originally conceived and planned for flight, could have appeared initially for other purposes."
This pen device also made Darwin think. According to him in my own words, the extraordinary beauty of the peacock feathers created for him headache. In a letter to his friend Asa Gray dated April 3, 1869, Darwin writes the following:
"I have lost interest in my own theory because I always think about the eyes on peacock feathers. Over time, I came to terms with this problem. Currently, I am very worried about some devices in nature, the existence of which we had not noticed before. I, for example, come to confusion when I see a peacock feather.
FEATHERS AND HOOKS
If you examine a bird's feather under a microscope, it becomes clear how unusually it was conceived and executed. In the middle there is the well-known long and hard tube. And on both sides of this tube there are hundreds of small feathers. Exactly varying degrees The softness and varied sizes of these feathers underlie the aerodynamic properties of the bird. However, what is most interesting is that on each of the feathers there are even smaller and invisible fibers called fluff. There are small hooks on this cannon. Thanks to these hooks, each fluff is, as it were, connected to each other with a zipper. To better explore this magnificent creation, consider a crane feather. One feather has 650 thin feathers on both sides of the tube, and on each of these feathers 600 feathers are randomly arranged. All these fluffs are connected to each other using 390 hooks. And the hooks are fastened on both sides, like in a zipper. The fluffs are pressed so tightly against each other by these hooks that they don’t even allow air to pass through. If the hooks somehow become separated from each other, then the bird only needs to shake itself or, in the worst case, clean the feathers with its beak to return them to their previous state.
In addition, birds, by fluffing their feathers, do not allow their body temperature to decrease. In hot weather, the feathers, pressed tightly to the body, do not allow the heat to pass through.
Since childhood, people's attention has been attracted by winged creatures soaring in the sky - seagulls, pigeons, tits, magpies. Tiny sparrows are jumping funny around the puddles. Everyone is familiar with this picture. And so, at an older age, someone, not forgetting the joy of childhood, chooses the profession of an ornithologist or zoologist. In the article we will tell you and show photos of what a bird’s feather looks like under microscope- this exciting spectacle is no less interesting than increasing the fur of animals. And most importantly, obtaining biological material for research will not be difficult. But first, a little theory so that your observations are supported by knowledge and facts.
bird feather- this is a formation consisting of cutaneous horny substance and has the most important functional value during mechanical movement and protection from external natural factors. Between bare areas of thin boneless skin Pterilia are systematically arranged - feathers grow from these small depressions.
The plumage allows you to fly, increases the load-bearing capacity of the wing and its span, and makes the body shape streamlined. Without him big birds would not be able to get into the air. Another one important function- thermoregulation. When unfavorable weather occurs, frosts, winter colds, heat is retained inside the body as much as possible. And in the summer heat, on the contrary, it gives off abundantly. By the way, some species of ancient dinosaurs were also feathered, but unlike birds (considered their only surviving descendants), the cover resembled fine hairy fluff.
In the course of evolution, it gradually turned into real feathers, which (this has been proven) already existed, for example, in a bright representative Lower Cretaceous Sinornithosaurus.
Structure bird feather:
- Trunk or central rod. This is a kind of axis of symmetry, a feather base. It ends with a feather bursa deepened into the epithelium;
- Fan (outer and inner plates). They represent a network of connected numerous barbs ending in hooks (serve for adhesion to neighboring ones);
- The bare part of the feather shaft is called the feather stem. This is a translucent horny tube, hollow from the inside.
To see a bird's feather under a microscope care must be taken to select the right one suitable equipment. It is advisable that your model have two illuminators - the lower illumination will allow you to see the smallest details of the feather structure “in the light”. And the top one will provide a wide range of vision at low magnification large area sample in its natural color scheme. The presence of a video eyepiece will make photography possible. To install it, a regular eyepiece must be pulled out of the eyepiece tube, and a camera must be inserted in its place (their mounting diameter is the same and is 23.2 mm). The visualized image enters the sensor matrix and is transmitted via USB to the computer. And already in the program window, by pressing interactive buttons, photographs and videos are taken.
The finished micropreparation is included in the set “Micromed - Botany and Zoology -14”.
To prepare a similar microsample yourself at home, you need to use a slide and cover glass - place a piece of biomaterial between them, smooth it with a preparation needle or tweezers, drop a drop of colorless fir resin and press the glass surfaces tightly.
Primary focusing is carried out at low magnification, then, when the image becomes clear, you can change lenses to more powerful ones.
The scientific approach becomes inextricably linked with modern research technology and magnifying optical instruments. We recommend school light microscopes for viewing feathers: Eureka 40x-400x, Levenhuk Rainbow 50L, Bresser Junior 40x-1024x.
To the question: how does a pen work? given by the author User deleted the best answer is The theory of evolution, which states that birds evolved from reptiles, cannot explain the enormous differences between these two classes of living beings. Birds, with their skeleton consisting of hollow and weightless bones, their lung system, their warm-blooded metabolism and other similar features, are very different from reptiles. And one more property that creates an insurmountable gap between birds and reptiles is feathers, which are unique to birds.
Protein-based feathers are made from a substance called keratin. Keratin is a strong and durable material formed as a result of the death of old cells that are located in the lower layer of skin tissue and die, moving away from sources of nutrition and oxygen and making room for young cells.
Bird feathers are designed to be so complex that it cannot be explained by the evolutionary process. Renowned ornithologist Alan Feducchia notes: "The whole distinctive feature of a feather is that it has aerodynamic properties. Feathers are light, have lifting power and easily return to their previous shape." And Feducchia reacts to the failures of the theory of evolution as follows: “I cannot understand how such an organ, which was originally conceived and planned for flight, could have originally appeared for other purposes.”
This pen device also made Darwin think. In his own words, the extraordinary beauty of the peacock's feathers gave him a headache. In a letter to his friend Asa Gray dated April 3, 1869, Darwin writes the following:
"I have lost interest in my own theory because I always think about the eyes on peacock feathers. Over time, I came to terms with this problem. Currently, I am very worried about some devices in nature, the existence of which we had not noticed before. I, for example, come to confusion when I see a peacock feather.
FEATHERS AND HOOKS
If you examine a bird's feather under a microscope, it becomes clear how unusually it was conceived and executed. In the middle there is the well-known long and hard tube. And on both sides of this tube there are hundreds of small feathers. It is the varying degrees of softness and varied sizes of these feathers that underlie the aerodynamic properties of the bird. However, what is most interesting is that on each of the feathers there are even smaller and invisible fibers called fluff. There are small hooks on this cannon. Thanks to these hooks, each fluff is, as it were, connected to each other with a zipper. To better explore this magnificent creation, consider a crane feather. One feather has 650 thin feathers on both sides of the tube, and on each of these feathers 600 feathers are randomly arranged. All these fluffs are connected to each other using 390 hooks. And the hooks are fastened on both sides, like in a zipper. The fluffs are pressed so tightly against each other by these hooks that they don’t even allow air to pass through. If the hooks somehow become separated from each other, then the bird only needs to shake itself or, in the worst case, clean the feathers with its beak to return them to their previous state.
In addition, birds, by fluffing their feathers, do not allow their body temperature to decrease. In hot weather, the feathers, pressed tightly to the body, do not allow the heat to pass through.
Lyudmila Maksimova
“How do bird feathers work?” Summary of experimental activities with children of senior preschool age
Integration of educational areas
Cognition:
Establish a connection between the structure of a feather and lifestyle
Introduce the structure of the flight and down feathers
To form an idea of the harmful effects on waterfowl birds pollution of reservoirs, rivers, seas with oil
Artistic word:
Develop in children creative imagination, skill see characteristic features objects and compare them.
Health + physical culture:
Promote the development of fine and gross motor skills
Prevent children from becoming tired.
Communication + socialization:
Expand emotional sphere children.
Develop the ability to interact with adults and children
Cultivate goodwill and compassion for birds who are in trouble.
Develop independence.
Safety:
Follow the basic safety principles when organizing experiments.
Methods and techniques:
Sociogame situations
Artistic word
Productive activity
Experiments
Preliminary work:
Games “Describe bird»
Looking at illustrations
Drawing birds
Modeling birds
Development organization environment:
1. Lab box
2. Flight feathers, downy, wings
4. Scales, lightning
5. Schemes of feather, wing, flight birds, tails
6. Pipettes, container with water, vegetable oil, paper wing
7. Magnifying glasses, wire, brushes, napkins
8. Scissors, oilcloth
10. Gouache, silhouettes birds in flight
11. Colored feathers
1 part. Introductory.
The teacher brings in a box for laboratory research (reads to children)
What do you think is in the box? (shaking, sniffing). I'm asking a riddle
“It flew through the forest, dangled in the water.
It fell into the water and became dry.”
Children guess - feather.
I open it and show it. Yes, it’s a feather.
Whose feather is this?
What role do you think they play? feathers for birds. Let's try to find the answer.
To do this, we need to go to the laboratory of Professor Znayka. (Owl symbol) and explore how the pen is arranged.
The children sit down at the tables.
What is the difference birds from animals? Of people?
They can fly.
I put the plumage diagram on the board birds.
Because all bird covered with a huge number feathers. Birds, the only ones on earth who have feathers.
Why do they fly? birds?
They have wings (schemes of wings, flight)
Showing wings from different birds.
Are they the same? (birds different sizes , pen color is different)
Now look at your wings, which Professor Znayka prepared for you for research.
Looking for differences (color, differences)
Find the longest feather.
This feather is called "fly". These feathers located along the edges of the wings.
We are considering.
Touch the feather. What is it like? (dense, hard, large)
Let's examine with our fingers.
I wonder if it's light or heavy?
Children put a feather on one hand and a stone on the other.
They conclude that it is easy.
We weigh on the scales - a feather, a stone, two feathers.
We draw a conclusion.
Toss the feather. What do you see?
It falls slowly, spinning smoothly.
Why is it light? The rod is empty.
Cut off the edge of the feather - we see emptiness (you can try inserting colored wire to check for emptiness.)
That's why it's light, the core is empty. Wave the pen, what do you feel?
When bird flaps its wings, the feather elastically springs without releasing the hairs.
Let's see the feather (fan) through a magnifying glass.
You see on the grooves of the feather there are protrusions and hooks that connect firmly and easily, fastening the surface of the feather, and if they come loose, then the bird connects them with its beak.
(pen diagram,)
Experience with lightning.
We confirm that this is a feather "fly"
And what you still have feathers?
Downy (small, fluffy, thin, hairs are not interlocked, the shaft is thin).
We superimpose and compare with the flywheel (we run it along the hand - soft, fluffy)
Why such a feather bird?
Down feather serves bird to keep warm. They are found on the body, head, wings, and paws.
I wonder which feather is lighter - the feather feather or the flight feather?
Let's blow - which one will fly away faster - downy or flywheel?
Finding down ones feathers on the wings.
- Feathers on the tail are called "steers". they help change the direction of flight.
Tail diagrams.
So why birds feathers?
They help you take off, stay in the air, and protect you from bruises, drying out, and getting wet.
Why do you think waterfowl feathers don't get wet? Because they have a special fat gland and birds they lubricate themselves with their beaks feathers.
Let's do an experiment.
You have a paper pen, apply grease to it with a brush ( vegetable oil, A Now drop water with a pipette. The water rolls down like this bird feathers It’s not for nothing that the proverb says "Like water off a duck's back".
Guys, what could happen to birds, if unexpected pollution of water bodies, rivers, seas with oil occurs (this is a viscous, thick, black fuel). He is being transported to big ships in tanks and accidents occur and oil spills on the water.
They may die (picture)
Because birds those caught in an oil slick pollute themselves feathers. They stick together and lose their ability to repel air. AND birds die.
We are conducting an experiment.
Spilling oil into a container of water (vegetable oil, painted black, throw in a feather)
The feather became heavy, the hairs stuck together.
We must protect nature in order to birds We didn’t find ourselves in such a situation.
Where in everyday life can we use a pen?
Previously, there were no pens; people wrote with a pen. (picture)
Can be painted feathers for crafts(showing in color feathers) .
They decorate hats and clothes.
Pooh pillows are stuffed with feathers, clothes, jackets (light, warm).
Can you draw? Let's try.
Outline the silhouette birds in flight(gouache).
What did we learn about today in Professor Znayka’s laboratory?
How How bird feathers work and their purpose.
- Birds take care of their own every day feathers, carefully clean their plumage, remove foreign objects, wipe off fat and periodically change excess feathers.
ABOUT we know a lot about birds,
And at the same time it is not enough
And everyone needs: both for you and for us,
So that there are more of them.
For this we will save
Your feathered friends,
Otherwise, we will reduce it to zero
Our winged singers,
Eat trees and fruits
Insect larvae.
And all the gardens will thin out
Without ours familiar birds.
