Lesson war of white and scarlet roses. War of the scarlet and white roses. The King's Council declared him illegitimate and Edward IV's brother Richard of Gloucester was crowned Richard III the same year. Its short and d

War of the Scarlet and White RoseState budgetary general education
institution lyceum No. 373 of the Moscow region
St. Petersburg "Economic Lyceum"
War
Scarlet and White Roses
"Wars and Battles"
I've done the work:
Aleksandrov Igor
10th grade student
Teacher:
Afanasyeva Irina Viktorovna

WAR OF THE RED AND WHITE ROSE 1455-1485

internecine war in
England, for the throne between
two branches of the dynasty
Plantagenets -
Lancasters (in the coat of arms of scarlet
rose) and Yorks (in the coat of arms
White Rose). Death in war
principal representatives
both dynasties and
a significant part of the nobility
facilitated the establishment
absolutism of the Tudors.

The cause of the war was the dissatisfaction of a significant part of English society with the failures in the Hundred Years War and the policy pursued by the wife of the king.

The cause of the war was the discontent of a significant part of English society
failures in Hundred Years War and the policy pursued by King Henry's wife
VI Queen Margarita and his favorites (the king himself was weak-willed
a person who, moreover, sometimes fell into complete unconsciousness).
Margaret of Anjou and her son
Prince Edward. statue in
Luxembourg Gardens in
paris
Henry VI - third and last king of England
from the Lancaster dynasty.
The only one of the English kings who wore
during the Hundred Years War and after it the title
"King of France", who really was
crowned (1431) and reigned in France

Richard II - English king
(1377-1399), representative
Plantagenet dynasty, grandson
King Edward III, son of Edward
Black prince.
The opposition was led by Duke Richard
York, who demanded for himself
first regency over
incompetent king, and later -
and the English crown.
The basis for this claim
served that Henry VI was
great-grandson of John of Gaunt
fourth son of King Edward III, and
York - great-grandson of Lionel -
third son of this king (by
female line, male line
was the grandson of Edmund - the fifth son
Edward III), besides Henry's grandfather
VI Henry IV seized the throne in
1399, forcibly forcing
King Richard II to abdicate.

The confrontation turned into a war in 1455, when the Yorkists celebrated victory at the First Battle of St. Albans, shortly after which the English Parla

The confrontation turned into a war in 1455, when in the First Battle
at St. Albans, the Yorkists celebrated victory, shortly after
what English Parliament declared Richard York Protector
kingdom and heir to Henry VI.

In 1460, at the Battle of Wakefield, Richard York died. The party of the White Rose was led by his son Edward, who was crowned in London in 1461 as Edward IV.

In the same year, the Yorkists were
won under
Mortimer Cross and at Towton.
As a result of the last
the main body of the Lancastrians
were defeated, and King Henry
VI and Queen Margaret fled
from the country (the king was soon
caught and imprisoned in the Tower).

Edward with his brother
Duke of York in
Tower. Field painting
Delaroche, 19th century
fighting resumed in
1470 when defected
Lancastrian Earl of Warwick and Duke
Clarence (younger brother of Edward IV)
returned to the throne of Henry VI.
Edward IV with his other brother
the Duke of Gloucester fled to
Burgundy, from where they returned to
1471. Duke Clarence again
went over to the brother's side - and
The Yorkists won
Barnet and Tewkesberry. In the first of
of these battles the count was killed
Warwick, the prince died in the second
Edward - The only son
Henry VI - which, together with
followed in the same year in
Tower of death (probably
murder) of Henry himself, became
end of the Lancastrian dynasty.

Edward IV - the first king of the York dynasty - reigned peacefully until his death, which followed unexpectedly for everyone in 1483, when

Edward IV - the first king of the York dynasty - reigned peacefully
until his death, which followed unexpectedly for everyone in 1483
the year when the king a short time was his son Edward V.
Edward IV - King of England in 1461-
1470 and 1471-1483,
York line representative
Plantagenet, seized the throne
during the War of the Scarlet and White Roses.
Edward V - King of England from 9
April to June 25, 1483, son
Edward IV; not crowned

The King's Council declared him illegitimate and Edward IV's brother Richard of Gloucester was crowned Richard III the same year. Its short and d

The royal council declared him illegitimate and Edward IV's brother Richard
Gloucester was crowned the same year as Richard III. His short and dramatic
the board was filled with the struggle with the opposition. In this fight the king
At first, luck contributed, but the number of opponents only increased.
Richard III - king of England c 1483, from the York dynasty, the last representative
male line of Plantagenets on the English throne.

In 1485 the Lancastrian forces in
led by Henry Tudor
landed in Wales. In battle
under Bosworth, Richard III was killed,
and the crown passed to Henry
Tudor, who was crowned as
Henry VII, - founder
the Tudor dynasty. In 1487 Count
Lincoln (nephew of Richard
III) tried to take back the crown
Yorkies, but at the battle of Stoke
Filde was killed.
Henry VII - King of England and Sovereign
Ireland (1485-1509), first of
the Tudor dynasty.

August 22, 1485 - The War of the Scarlet and White Rose ends with the Battle of Bosworth. The pretender to the English throne Henry Tudor defeated King Rich

August 22, 1485 - The Battle of Bosworth ended the War
Scarlet and White Roses. Pretender to the English throne Henry
Tudor defeated King Richard III.

The results of the war

War of the Scarlet and White Roses in fact
drew a line under the English
middle ages. On the battlefields
scaffolds and in prison casemates
not only all direct descendants died
Plantagenets, but also a significant part
English lords and chivalry.
The accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered
the beginning of the New Time in English
stories.

Scarlet and White Roses, war (Roses, Wars of the) (1455-85), internecine feud, a war that resulted in a protracted struggle for the English throne, which lasted, now flashing, then fading, 30 years. Its cause was the rivalry between two contenders for the English throne - Edmund Beaufort (Beauforts) (1406-55), Duke of Somerset from the Lancaster dynasty (in the coat of arms of a scarlet rose), and Richard, 3rd Duke of York (in the coat of arms of a white rose). The first supported "Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou, and Richard of York was their opponent. In 1455, having won the battle of St. Albans, Richard seized power. The unfolding civil war was provoked by numerous claims and ambitions. Richard of York was killed in the Battle of Wakesfield, 1460. The Lancasters were victorious at St. Albans (Feb. 1461), but hesitated, and this was taken advantage of by Edward, son of Richard, who took the throne as Edward IV (1st of the York dynasty). 1470 The Lancasters invaded England and restored Henry VI to the throne (although in reality the country was ruled by Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.) However, in April 1471, Edward IV regained the crown, gaining the upper hand at the battle of Barnet. died in the battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), but the struggle ended only in 1485, when Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at Bosworth. "Henry VII married Elizabeth of York, eldest. daughter of Edward IV, intending to reunite both warring branches of the Plantagenets. The war weakened the influence of the aristocracy, and after failed attempt Lambert Simnel to present in 1487 the right to the crown of the Tudor dynasty no longer had serious opponents.

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Scarlet and White Rose War

1455-1485) - the struggle for the English. throne between two side lines of queens, dynasties Plantagenets - Lancasters(in the coat of arms - a scarlet rose) and Yorkies(in the coat of arms - a white rose). Lancaster Confrontation ( ruling dynasty) and the Yorks (the richest aristocratic feudal family) began in 1451. The Lancasters were supported by the northwestern, mainly sheep-breeding, farms, as well as Wales and Ireland, the Yorks were supported by the commercial southeast, the middle layers of the city and the countryside. The first battle between the armies of the king Henry VI Lancaster and Duke Richard of York, head of the opposition party of the barons, took place in the town of St. Albans in 1455. Richard took over. Many Lancastrians died, the king was wounded and soon fell into madness. A young supporter of the Yorks distinguished himself in the battle Earl of Warwick. In 1456, the warring parties entered into a truce. But in September 1459, Henry, who came to his senses, and his wife Queen Margaret, who led the Lancasters, opposed the Yorkists. At Blore Heath, York won again. Queen Margarita in 1460 embarked on the path of bloody terror. In July 1460, the army of York, led by Warwick, defeated the queens, the troops at Northampton, Henry was captured. In response, Margarita gathered the sowing faithful to her. lords; at the end of 1460, another battle took place at Wakefield between the troops of Richard and the queens, the troops of Margaret. This time York lost. Richard York himself, his son Richard (Earl of Rutland), Earl of Salisbury and others were killed. Their heads were displayed over the gates of York; mockingly, Richard York wore a crown of gilded paper.

After Richard's death, the followers of the White Rose were led by his son Edward. In 1461, the inhabitants of London asked him to accept the English. crown, and on March 4, 1461 he was crowned. However, the solemn coronation was delayed until the defeat of the Lancastrians; it took place on June 28, 1461 in Westminster after the subjugation of the north, the capture of the Yorks and the flight of Henry VI and Queen Margaret. in England under the name Edward IV The first king of the York dynasty was proclaimed. However, the war soon resumed with the same bitterness. In 1467, the long-term friendship between Edward and Warwick ended in a break, and in 1467 Warwick organized a rebellion. Margaret, who fled to France in 1464, made a treaty with Warwick, who was there, against Edward IV. In September 1470, Warwick, with the support of the French. king Louis XI landed in England and in 11 days captured the whole country. He removed the insane, feeble Henry VI from the Tower and restored him to the throne. Edward IV was declared a thief of power and was forced to flee to France. In December 1470, in response to the declaration of war by King Louis XI of France Burgundy the latter supported Edward IV: he received the ships, German mercenaries, 50 thousand gold crowns and in March 1471 went to England. started new war. On April 14, 1471, a meeting took place near the city of Barnet with the troops of Warwick; The Lancastrians were defeated. Henry VI, taken prisoner before the decisive battle, died in the Tower (or was killed). The second half of the reign of Edward IV passed without complications. His right hand had a brother, Duke Richard of Gloucester. After Edward's death, Richard seized the throne and imprisoned his brother's young children - Edward and Richard - in the Tower, where they were soon killed. July 6, 1483 he was crowned under the name Richard III. His reign was short-lived: the surviving supporters of the Lancasters started new rebellions. At the Battle of Bosworth (1485) with a representative of the younger branch of the Lancaster Henry Tudor, Richard was defeated and killed. The War of the Scarlet and White Roses is over. For 30 years, she claimed almost a quarter of the population of England, 80 senior queens, blood, many fiefs. childbirth. The nobility, leading the pedigree from the Normans who once conquered England, was completely exterminated. Henry Tudor was crowned under the name Henry VII and founded a new dynasty - the Tudors. Two warring "flowers" were united by Henry in one coat of arms - the coat of arms of England of the Tudors: Henry married the daughter of Edward IV, Elizabeth, heiress of the house of York. During the reign of Henry VII in England began a period absolutism.

Lit.: Shtokmar V.V. History of England in the Middle Ages. L., 1973.

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

SCARLET AND WHITE ROSES OF WAR

The Wars of the Roses) (1455-85) - bloody internecine wars of the feuds. cliques, which took the form of a struggle for the English. throne between two lines of queens. the Plantagenet dynasty: Lancasters (in the coat of arms - a scarlet rose) and Yorks (in the coat of arms - a white rose). It began under the conditions of: 1) a crisis of a large patrimonial economy and a drop in the profitability of the patrimonial estates of large feudal lords who had stepped aside from participating in households. life, 2) the defeat of the British in the Hundred Years War (1453), which deprived the fief. the aristocracy of proceeds from the robbery of France, 3) the suppression of the Jack Cad revolt (1450; see Cad Jack rebellion), which undermined the progressive forces opposed to feudal anarchy. The Lancasters relied on Ch. arr. on the barons of the backward North and Wales, Mink - on part of the large feudal lords of the economically more developed South-East. New nobility and wealthy townspeople interested in unhindered. the development of trade and crafts, in the elimination of feuds. anarchy, the establishment of a firm government, supported the Yorks. Using discontent against a clique of Lancastrians who ruled on behalf of the feeble-minded Henry VI, Richard, Duke of York, secured his appointment as protector (ruler) of the kingdom and defeated the supporters of the Scarlet Rose at St. Albans (May 22, 1455). Soon removed from power, he again rebelled and declared his claims in English. throne. The Yorkists were victorious at Blore Heath (Sept. 23, 1459) and Northampton (July 10, 1460), but were defeated at Wakefield (Dec. 30, 1460) and at the Second Battle of St. Albans (Feb. 17, 1461). Richard York died in action. His son Edward, with the support of the Earl of Warwick, defeated the Lancastrians at Mortimers Cross (February 2) and Towton (March 29, 1461). Henry VI was deposed and the victor became King Edward IV. However, the war continued. In 1464 Edward IV defeated the Lancastrians in the north of England. Soon Henry VI was captured and imprisoned in the Tower. The desire of Edward IV to curb the magnates led to an uprising of his former supporters, led by Warwick (1470). Edward fled England, Henry VI was restored to the throne. In 1471, Edward IV at Barnet (April 14) and Tewkesbury (May 4) defeated the army of Warwick and the army of Henry VI's wife Margaret, who landed in England with the support of the French. King Louis XI. Warwick and the son of Henry VI were killed, the second deposed Henry VI died in the Tower. Strengthening his power, Edward IV brutally cracked down on both the Lancastrians and the rebellious Yorkists. After the death of Edward IV (1483), the throne passed to his young son Edward V, but the power was seized by the latter's uncle, the future King Richard III, by order of whom the deposed (1483) Edward V and his brother were imprisoned in the Tower and strangled there. Attempts by Richard III to strengthen his power caused uprisings of the feudal lords. magnates. Executions and confiscations turned supporters of both factions against him. Lancastrians and Yorkists united around Henry Tudor, a distant relative of the Lancasters. Under Bosworth (Aug. 22, 1485), Richard III was defeated and killed. Henry VII Tudor, the founder of the Tudor dynasty, became king. Having married the daughter of Edward IV, Elizabeth, heiress of York, Henry VII combined scarlet and white roses in his coat of arms. War A. and B. r. - the last explosion of the feud. anarchy before the establishment of absolutism - was carried out with terrible bitterness and was accompanied by numerous. murders and executions. Both dynasties perished in the struggle. Strife, oppression of taxes, plunder of the treasury, lawlessness and self-will of large feudal lords, disruption of trade, outright robbery and requisitions greatly worsened the situation of the general population. Disappointed in the Yorks, who failed to break the feud. anarchy, and needing strong power to fight the bunk. movements, the new nobility and the bourgeoisie supported the new dynasty. In the course of wars means. part of the feud. aristocracy was exterminated, numerous. land confiscation. possessions undermined its power. At the same time, land increased. ownership and grew social significance the new nobility and the emerging bourgeoisie, which became the backbone of the established absolutism of the Tudors. Source: Jones W. G., York and Lancaster (1399-1485), L., 1914; Historiae Croylandensis continuatio (the continuations of Ingulf, 1149-1486), ed. W. Fulman, in: S. R. A., 451-593, Oxf., 1684; Ingulf's chronicle of the abbey of Groyland..., transl by H. T. Riley, L., 1854; W. Gregory's chronicle of London, ed. by J. Gairdner, in: (Gregory W.), The historical collections of a citizen of London, L., 1876; The Paston letters 1422-1509, ed. J. Gairdner, v. 1-6, L., 1904. Lit.: Ramsay J. H., Lancaster and York, v. 1-2, Oxf., 1892; Gairdner J., The houses of Lancaster and York, N. Y., 1875. Yu. R. Ulyanov. Moscow. Wars of the Scarlet and White Roses 1455-1485

"Wars and battles" The work was completed by: Alexandrov Igor Student of the 10th grade Teacher: Afanasyeva Irina Viktorovna War of the Scarlet and White Roses State budgetary educational institution Lyceum 373 of the Moskovsky district of St. Petersburg "Economic Lyceum"

THE WAR OF THE SCARLET AND WHITE ROSES An internecine war in England for the throne between the two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty, the Lancasters (a scarlet rose in the coat of arms) and the Yorks (a white rose in the coat of arms). The death in the war of the main representatives of both dynasties and a significant part of the nobility facilitated the establishment of Tudor absolutism.

The reason for the war was the dissatisfaction of a significant part of English society with the failures in the Hundred Years War and the policy pursued by the wife of King Henry VI, Queen Margaret and his favorites (the king himself was a weak-willed person, moreover, sometimes fell into complete unconsciousness). Margaret of Anjou and her son Prince Edward. Statue in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris Henry VI the third and last king of England from the Lancaster dynasty. The only one of the English kings who, during the Hundred Years War and after it, bore the title "King of France", who was actually crowned (1431) and reigned in France

King Richard II of England (), representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, grandson of King Edward III, son of Edward the Black Prince. The opposition was led by Duke Richard of York, who demanded for himself first a regency over the incapacitated king, and later the English crown. The basis for this claim was that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt, the fourth son of King Edward III, and York was the great-grandson of Lionel of the third son of this king (in the female line, in the male line, he was the grandson of Edmund, the fifth son of Edward III), besides the grandfather Henry VI Henry IV seized the throne in 1399, forcibly forcing King Richard II to abdicate.

In 1460, at the Battle of Wakefield, Richard York died. The party of the White Rose was led by his son Edward, who was crowned in London in 1461 as Edward IV. In the same year the Yorkists won victories at Mortimer's Cross and at Towton. As a result of the latter, the main forces of the Lancastrians were defeated, and King Henry VI and Queen Margaret fled the country (the king was soon caught and imprisoned in the Tower).

Edward with his brother the Duke of York in the Tower. Painting by Paul Delaroche, 19th century The fighting resumed in 1470, when the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (Edward IV's younger brother), who went over to the side of the Lancastrians, returned Henry VI to the throne. Edward IV and his other brother the Duke of Gloucester fled to Burgundy, from where they returned to the Duke of Clarence again defected to his brother's side and the Yorkists won victories at Barnet and Tewkesbury. In the first of these battles, the Earl of Warwick was killed, in the second, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry VI, was killed, which, together with the death (probably murder) of Henry himself that followed in the same year in the Tower, was the end of the Lancastrian dynasty.

Edward IV, the first king of the York dynasty, reigned peacefully until his death, which followed unexpectedly in 1483, when his son Edward V became king for a short time. Edward IV, king of England and, a representative of the York Plantagenet line, seized the throne during the War Scarlet and White Roses. Edward V king of England from April 9 to June 25, 1483, son of Edward IV; not crowned

The King's Council declared him illegitimate and Edward IV's brother Richard of Gloucester was crowned Richard III the same year. His short and dramatic reign was filled with opposition. In this struggle, the king was initially lucky, but the number of opponents only increased. Richard III King of England c 1483, from the York dynasty, the last representative of the male Plantagenet line on the English throne.

Henry VII King of England and sovereign of Ireland (), the first of the Tudor dynasty. In 1485 a Lancastrian force led by Henry Tudor landed in Wales. At the Battle of Bosworth, Richard III was killed and the crown passed to Henry Tudor, who was crowned Henry VII, the founder of the Tudor dynasty. In 1487, Earl Lincoln (nephew of Richard III) tried to return the crown to the Yorks, but was killed at the Battle of Stoke Field.

The results of the war The War of the Scarlet and White Roses actually drew a line under the English Middle Ages. On the battlefields, scaffolds and in prison casemates, not only all the direct descendants of the Plantagenets perished, but also a significant part of the English lords and chivalry. The accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Age in English history.

slide 2

War of the Scarlet and White Rose (1455-1485)

The War of the Scarlet and White Roses is internecine war in England for the throne, between the two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty: the Lancasters (in the coat of arms a scarlet rose) and the Yorks (in the coat of arms a white rose). The death in the war of the main representatives of both dynasties and a significant part of the nobility facilitated the establishment of Tudor absolutism.

slide 3

War of the Scarlet and White Rose

• Margarita French (Valois)
• Henry VI - the third and last king of England from the Lancaster dynasty
• The reason for the war was the dissatisfaction of a significant part of English society with the failures in the Hundred Years War and the policy pursued by the wife of King Henry VI, Queen Margaret and his favorites.

slide 4

The beginning of the war

Richard of York was the first to claim that royalty in the hands of a woman is absolutely unacceptable. And the fact that this woman is also a Frenchwoman, in his understanding, made the queen the first enemy of the state. Richard of York demanded guardianship, that is, a regency over the incapacitated king, and after his death, the English crown.

slide 5

• The basis for this claim was that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt, the fourth son of King Edward III, and York was the great-grandson of Lionel of the third son of this king (in the female line, in the male line, he was the grandson of Edmund, the fifth son of Edward III), moreover, the fact that the grandfather of Henry the Sixth, Henry the Fourth Lancaster, forced King Richard II to abdicate by force, seizing power in 1399, called into question the legitimacy of, in general, the entire royal dynasty Lancaster.
• Richard II of England (1377-1399), representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, grandson of King Edward III

slide 6

In 1455, Richard of York defeated the Lancastrian army, took King Henry the Sixth himself prisoner and forced the Upper House of Parliament to recognize himself as regent and heir to the throne. Of course, Queen Margarita did not agree with this decision, who fled north and soon returned to England with an army of many thousands. At the Battle of Wakefield, Richard was killed and his paper crowned head was put on display in York.

Slide 7

• The son of the murdered Richard of York, Edward, in 1461, with the support of the Earl of Warwick, gathered an army and defeated the Lancasters, forcing Margaret to flee again to Scotland. Henry the Sixth was deposed, and Edward was crowned at Westminster as the new English monarch under the name of Edward the Fourth.
• The weak-minded King Henry was imprisoned in the Tower, and Edward's fanatical desire to strengthen his power, while weakening the power of his barons, only led to the fact that his former supporters sided with Henry the Sixth.

Slide 8

• The fighting resumed in 1470, when the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (Edward IV's younger brother), who went over to the side of the Lancastrians, returned Henry VI to the throne. Edward IV fled to Burgundy with his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester.
• A year later, Edward returned with an army and won victories at Barnet and Tewkesbury. In the first of these battles, the Earl of Warwick was killed, in the second, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry VI, was killed, which, together with the death (probably murder) of Henry himself that followed in the same year in the Tower, put an end to the Lancastrian dynasty.

Slide 9

• After the death of Edward, the throne was to be inherited by his eldest son, Edward the Fifth. However, the king's council declared him illegitimate and Richard of Gloucester, the late king's younger brother, removed him from power.
• He declared himself protector, and later heir to the throne, ordering subsequently to imprison Edward and his younger brother to the Tower, where they were put to death.
• Richard III - King of England c 1483, from the York dynasty, the last representative of the male Plantagenet line on the English throne

Slide 10

End of the war

• Richard III tried to pursue a wise policy, trying to restore the country after thirty years of military devastation. His actions were not to the liking of many feudal lords.
• At the battle of Bosworth, at the most crucial moment, the supporters of Richard III betrayed him by going over to the side of the enemy. As a result, Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor became king (he was the great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt in the female line).
• Henry Tudor, combined the Scarlet and White roses in his coat of arms, and married the daughter of Edward the Fourth, Elizabeth.

slide 11

The results of the war

• The War of the Scarlet and White Roses was the last rampage of feudal anarchy before the establishment of absolutism in England.
• Both dynasties were exhausted and perished in the struggle. The war brought strife, oppression of taxes, theft of the treasury, the lawlessness of large feudal lords, the decline of trade, direct robberies and requisitions to the population of England.
• The War of the Scarlet and White Roses effectively ended the English Middle Ages. It continued the changes in feudal English society, including the weakening of the feudal power of the nobility and the strengthening of the position of the merchant class, as well as the rise of a strong, centralized monarchy under the leadership of the Tudor dynasty. The accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Age in English history.

slide 12

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War of the Scarlet and White Rose Name history

The project was completed

6th grade students

MAOU secondary school Romanovo village

Budyak Georgy Maslova Olesya

Komar Andrey Vaitkaite Arina

Head: Muzipova Varvara Alekseevna

Objective of the project

Project objectives

• Learn the history of the War of the Scarlet and White Roses
• Get acquainted with the heraldic emblem of the Lancasters
• Get acquainted with the heraldic emblem of the Yorks
• Draw a conclusion about the heraldic emblem of the Tudors

Explore one of major events in the history of England to determine the meaning of its name

War of the Roses: what is behind the poetic name?

Under this name, the war in England between two dynasties - the Lancasters and the Yorks - went down in history. The feudal lords were divided into two warring groups, each supporting one of the noble families who fought among themselves for the throne. So in the coat of arms of one family - the Lancasters - there was a scarlet rose, a white rose - in the coat of arms of those who disputed their crown, the York dynasty. This war was called the war of the scarlet and white roses.

Name history

The name "War of the Roses" was not used during the course of the war. The term came into use in the 19th century with the publication of Anna of Geierstein by Sir Walter Scott, who chose the name based on a fictional scene in William Shakespeare's play Henry VII in which the opposing sides choose roses of different colors in the Temple garden in London.

A scene in the Temple garden where supporters of the warring factions choose red and white roses

What exactly is the rose?

Rosa damascene Mill

rose damask- shrub up to 150–200 cm high of the rose family - Rosaceae .

Blooms in June. Fruits are extremely rare.

The life expectancy of the Damascus rose is 25-30 years. There are many of its subspecies, varieties, forms and varieties.

Uniting the Roses Outcome of the War

Success alternately passed to one, then to the other. The Wars of the Roses ended with the victory of Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster, who founded a dynasty that ruled England and Wales for 117 years. The wedding was a symbolic end to the war: the winner Henry VII (scarlet) married the daughter of Edward IV (white). The Tudor dynastic coat of arms depicted the union of two flowers that competed for England for 30 years.

national symbol England

Tudor rose, thistle and shamrock growing from the same stem - the heraldic emblem of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Tudor rose "with a stem and a crown" - a personal heraldic emblem of the monarchs of Great Britain

The Tudor Rose is the universally recognized symbol of England.

Lancashire - county historical origin, is part of the North West England region. The capital is Preston.

The word Lancashire comes from the name of the city of Lancaster, which, in turn, goes back to the Lane River.

As a symbol, the county uses the red rose of Lancaster.

Flag of Lancashire

Coat of arms of Lancashire

Yorkshire is a historic county Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The county of Yorkshire was so named because it is the administrative area of ​​the city of York. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal dynasty of Yorks.

Flag of Yorkshire

Coat of arms of Yorkshire

Let's draw conclusions

• Yorks and Lancasters are the names of two rival dynasties that have little in common with geographical names. The modern English counties of the same name do not relate to the described events in any way.

• The name of the war is wrong. The noisy quarrels of the great barons of that period were given such a resounding name many years later.

• As a result of the War of the Roses, a recognizable symbol of England appeared - the Tudor Rose