Detailed map Poland in Russian online. Satellite map Poland with cities and resorts, roads, streets and houses. Poland on the world map is a state in central Europe, the capital is the city of Warsaw. The state language is Polish.
Poland - Wikipedia
Population of Poland: 38 422 346 people (2017)
Capital of Poland: Warsaw city
Largest cities in Poland: Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, Lodz, Poznan
Poland phone code: 48
National domain of Poland: .pl
Maps of cities of Poland.
Sights of Poland:
What to see in Poland:Old city Warsaw, Tatras, Wawel Castle, Krakow Old Town, Wooden churches in the south of Lesser Poland, Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum in Auschwitz, Old Town in Gdansk, Mazury Lake District, Christ the Tsar Statue, Slowinski national park, Wieliczka Salt Mine, Wilanow Palace, Wroclaw Cathedral, Lazienki Park, Old Town of Zamoć, Kalwaria-Zebrzydowska Architectural and Park Complex, Peace Churches, Muskau Park, Ksenж Castle, Bieszczad National Park, Mosznensky Castle, Grabark Hill of Crosses, Jasna Gora , Old Town in Torun, Old Powонzki, Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Zoo Gdansk-Oliwa, Krkonoše National Park, Royal Castle on Wawel Hill, Ski resort Zakopane, "Royal Route" and the Royal Castle in Warsaw, Salt Mine, Marienburg Order Castle.
Relief of Poland: Almost the entire territory of the country is occupied by low-lying and hilly terrain, but there is also a mountainous region in the South, where the Carpathian mountain range stretches. In the north, Poland is washed by the Baltic Sea, the coast of which is quite wide sandy beaches. Poland is also rich in lakes, there are at least 9 thousand of them in the country. Most of the territory is occupied by reserved forests and parks - there are 22 of them in Poland. Among them is a part of the reserved Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
Climate of Poland considered volatile and region-dependent. The average summer temperature in the country is + 20 C, and the winter temperature is 2 C below zero. The warmest and driest climate is in the central part of the country.
In terms of attractions, each Polish city is interesting in its own way. Each of them has its own architectural style. Most cities still have old buildings and historical monuments... Each city is interesting in its own way. For example, there are 42 museums in Warsaw, most of which are definitely worth a visit. The most beautiful city counts Krakow, the former capital of Poland. It is attractive for its architecture, as well as such memorable historical sites as the Royal Road, the market, Wawel and others.
Many of Poland's architectural monuments are located in cities that once belonged to the Teutonic Order. These are Melbork, Frombork, Golub-Dobrin and others. They not only house the citadels and palaces that have survived to this day, but also host various cultural events, knightly tournaments and fairs.
Poland attracts tourists with various types of tourism. You can relax in the summer on the sandy beaches of the Baltic coast, spend your holidays in the picturesque lake areas, go for ecotourism or go skiing in ski resorts such as Karpacz, Krynica or Zakopane.
(Republic of Poland)
Geographical position... Poland is a state in Central Europe. In the north it borders with Russia, in the east with Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine, in the south with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, in the west with Germany. In the north it is washed by the Baltic Sea.
Square. The territory of Poland is 312,685 sq. km.
Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Poland is Warsaw. The largest cities: Warsaw (2,316 thousand people), Lodz (842 thousand people), Krakow (751 thousand people), Wroclaw (644 thousand people), Poznan (589 thousand people). Administratively, Poland is divided into 16 voivodships.
Poland is a republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. Legislature is the National Assembly, consisting of the Senate and the Seimas.
Relief. Poland is mainly a flat country with no significant elevation difference (the average height above sea level is about 175 m), Rysy Mountain in the High Tatras in the south rises to an altitude of 2499 m.
Poland is subdivided into several physical and geographical regions located from east to west. The northern zone is a vast region of plains and low hills: the Central Polish Uplands, the Baltic Uplands and the Coastal Plain. The Central Plain stretches from east to west and is crossed by several rivers and valleys, to the north of the Central Upland lies the Baltic Upland, covered with numerous lakes. A narrow coastal plain with a width of 40 to 100 km stretches along the entire length of the Baltic coast. The southern zone is more mountainous: in the extreme south and south-west there are several mountain systems: Western Carpathians, High Tatras and Beskydy. In the southwest there are the Sudetes, whose height reaches 1600 m. To the north of the mountain ranges lies the Silesian Plain.
Geological structure and minerals. There are coal deposits on the territory of Poland, natural gas, copper, silver, lead.
Poland's climate is both temperate and continental. The climate of the coast can be characterized as moderately maritime, in the eastern part of the country it is moderately continental. Average January temperature in different regions the country ranges from -1 ° C to -5 ° C. In summer, the average temperature ranges from + 20 ° С in the southeast to + 17 ° С in the Baltic.
Inland waters. Almost all rivers in Poland belong to the basin Baltic Sea... The main rivers of the country are the Vistula and the Oder (Odra). There are about 9,300 lakes in Poland.
Soils and vegetation. Forests cover about 28% of Poland's territory, with about 80% of all coniferous forests. Grow in the northeast rare species trees: dwarf birch and Lappa willow. One of the best-preserved wild forests is the Bialowieza National Park on the border with Belarus.
Animal world... Among the fauna are lynx, wild cat, elk, wild boar, deer and bison, or European bison. Deer and elk can be found in Mazury. In mountainous areas - wolf and brown bear.
Population and language
The population of the country is about 38.607 million people, the average population density is about 123 people per 1 sq. Km. km. Most densely populated South part countries, the least densely northwestern and northeastern. Ethnic groups: Poles - 97.6%, Germans - 1.3%, Ukrainians - 0.6%, Belarusians - 0.5%, Slovaks, Czechs, Lithuanians, Gypsies, Jews.
The state language is Polish; there are also several dialects based on the Polish language.
Religion
Catholics - 95%), Orthodox (about 570 thousand believers), Lutherans (about 100 thousand believers), Jehovah's Witnesses (about 100 thousand believers); before World War II, about 3.5 million Jews lived in Poland; now there are about 1000 Jews in the country.
A brief historical outline
In 840 the first Polish state was formed under the legendary King Piast, the founder of the Piast dynasty.
In the X century. - King Mieszko converted to Christianity.
In 1025 the Pope of Rome recognized the Polish king Boleslav.
In the middle of the XIII century. Teutonic knights came to the north of modern Poland, carrying out a brutal colonization of the Baltic lands.
In 1386 Grand Duke Grand Duchy of Lithuania Jagiello married Queen Jadwiga of Poland, was crowned as Vladislav II Jagiello and became the founder of the second dynasty of Polish kings. During the reign of the Jagiellonian dynasty, Poland reached its greatest prosperity.
In 1410, the combined troops of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Teutonic knights in historical battle at Grunwald (Tannenberg).
In the XVIII century. there were three partitions of Poland, as a result of which most of the state came under the rule of the Russian Empire.
In the XIX century. Poland tried to achieve independence through uprisings. In November 1918. an independent Polish state was proclaimed. September 1, 1939 Poland is occupied by German troops. At the beginning of 1945, the country was liberated.
In 1980, after 35 years of communist rule, the independent trade union Solidarity demanded free elections. The government declared martial law, and General Wojciech Jaruzelski became the head of the country.
On April 5, 1989, an agreement was reached between the government and the opposition to hold free elections, which were held on June 4. The communists were actually removed from power, the leader of the Solidarity trade union Lech Walesa was elected president of the country.
In 1995, as a result of the elections, left-wing forces came to power in Poland, which, however, did not abandon the reforms of their predecessors.
Brief economic outline
Poland is an industrial-agrarian country. Extraction of hard and brown coal, natural gas, sulfur, lead and zinc. Of the manufacturing industries, the most developed were mechanical engineering, especially transport (ships, cars, wagons, etc.), agricultural, electrical and radio-electronic, the production of industrial equipment, as well as chemical (fertilizers, chemical fibers, plastics), oil refining industry, ferrous metallurgy. The textile, sewing, food leather and footwear, furniture, cement, glass industries are developed. V agriculture individual farms prevail. The main crops are potatoes, rye, as well as barley and wheat; sugar beet. They grow vegetables, fruits, berries. Fishing. Export: machinery, coal, rolled metal, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, light and food industry products.
The monetary unit is the zloty.
A brief outline of culture
Art and architecture. Warsaw. The National Museum with the richest collection of Polish and Western European paintings, a collection of exhibits from antiquity and the times of ancient Egypt, a special hall of Pharos frescoes from one of the first Christian temples in Pharos; The old town in the Renaissance and Baroque style; Bar-Bikan - medieval walls and towers that surround the Old Town; Azienki - summer palace of King Stanislaw II August (18th century), in azienki park there is a monument to Chopin and a magnificent rose garden; gothic cathedral of st. Jan (XIV century); Church of the Holy Cross (16th century); Natural History Museum; Technical Museum; Museum of the Polish Army; State Archaeological Museum; Museum Royal Zshok, Krakow. National Museum and Wawel State Art Collection; Wawel Castle of the 13th century; cathedral of st. Stanislav (1359), in which many Polish kings were crowned and the tombs of King Jan III Sobieski, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Adam Mitskevich, Jozef Pilsudski are located; church of st. Mary, built in 1223, which houses an altar by the famous master, Bayt Stos; "Dragon's Cave", where the most famous dragon of Poland lived. Lodz. Museum of Archeology and Ethnography. Gdansk. Church of St. Mary (1343-1505), which contains the painting by Hans Memling " The last judgment"; gothic town hall, stock exchange, built in 1379; Old city; Polish Maritime Museum. Bialystok. White church and Orthodox Cathedral... Torun. The old town in the gothic style; town hall XIII - XIV centuries; the remains of the castle of the Teutonic knights (1231); a large number of mansions gothic style and baroque style. Poznan. Gothic cathedral; the town hall of the 16th century; Old city. Szczecin. Church of St. Peter and Paul (1124). Wroclaw. Church of St. John the Baptist (1158), St. Elizabeth (XIII); Church of the Holy Cross (XIII-XIV); Church of the Virgin (XIV); Gothic town hall XIII century; former Royal Palace... Czestochow. The famous shrine of Catholics Jasna Góra, in the monastery is miraculous icon Mother of God of Czestochowa, also called the "Black Madonna".
The science. N. Copernicus (1473-1543) - astronomer, creator of the heliocentric model of the world; 3. Vrublevsky (1845-1888) - author of research in the field of physics low temperatures(obtaining liquid oxygen, etc.).
Literature. A. Mitskevich (1798-1855) - poet, founder of Polish romanticism (collection of Poetry, poems Grazhina, Dzyady, Konrad Wallenrod, Pan Tadeusz); B. Prus (1847-1912) - writer, author of realistic stories, a story about a village ("Outpost"), socio-psychological novels ("Doll", "Emancipated Women"), a historical novel about Ancient egypt("Pharaoh"); G. Senkevich (1846-1916) - the author of historical novels ("With Fire and Sword", "The Flood", "Pan Volodyevsky", "Kamo Gryadeshi", "Crusaders"); S. Zheromsky (1864-1925) - author of historical ("Ashes", "Beauty of Life") and socio-psychological ("Homeless" "Spring Eve") novels; S. Lem (b. 1921) - the author of numerous works in the genre of scientific and philosophical fiction (the novels "Astronauts", "The Diary Found in the Bath", "Solaris", "The Voice of Heaven", "Runny Nose", "Peace on Earth" , "Fiasco").
Music. M. Oginsky (1765-1833) - composer, author of the opera "Zelida and Val-Cours, or Bonaparte in Cairo", as well as military, patriotic songs, marches, piano pieces, including the polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland"; F. Chopin (1810 - 1849) - composer and pianist, the largest representative of Polish musical art, who reinterpreted many genres in a new way.
The Republic of Poland is a state in Central Europe. Borders with , . From the north, Poland is washed by the Baltic Sea. Area - 312 679 sq. km, population - about 39 million people, capital - Warsaw.
The relief of Poland is varied - low-lying in the north and in the center. On the Baltic coast there are wide sandy beaches. In the west and north, in the forest and hilly terrain- Thousands of lakes, the area of the largest of which (Snirdva) is 113 sq. km. In the south of Poland there are mountains and hills. Mount Sniezka with a height of 1 603 m is the highest point of the Sudetenland, and in the Tatras the highest peak in Poland is Mount Rys (2499 m). Forests and numerous rivers are also typical for Poland, among which the two largest - the Vistula and the Odra - stand out.
The fauna of Poland is diverse. Lynxes, moose, wild boars, wild cats, deer, bison are found in the forests. In the mountains, you can find a wolf and a bear.
The climate is mild, formed under the influence of sea air masses. In summer, westerly winds bring coolness and rain to Poland, and snowfalls in winter. Heat comes from the east in summer, frost in winter. In July, the average is +18 ° C, in January -4 ° C. The amount of precipitation depends on the height of the area above sea level. Minimum quantities(up to 500 mm) falls in the Gulf of Gdansk, the Lesser Poland lowland, and part of the Vistula valley. In the south, in mountainous regions, the maximum precipitation falls - up to 1,800 mm. The Polish climate is characterized by frosts in May, late fall and early spring.
Poland is located in the very geographic center of Europe, but more often it belongs to the region of Eastern Europe... It is the 9th largest country in this part of the world and 69th in the world. In recent centuries, its borders have been constantly changing, at the moment the country stretches for 720 km from south to north and the same distance from west to east. A detailed map of Poland shows that from the north it is washed by the waters of the Baltic Sea, but does not have large island territories, with the exception of the islands of Wolin and Karsibur, located at the mouth of the Odra.
Poland on the world map: geography, nature and climate
The length of Poland's borders is relatively small - 3528 km, But the country's key location in the region puts Poland on the world map between seven neighbors. In the northeast, Poland borders with Russia (via Kaliningrad region) and Lithuania on a small stretch of the border. The neighbor of the country from the east is Belarus, from the southeast - Ukraine and Slovakia. Due to the significant broken borders, Poland has the longest border section with the Czech Republic - 796 km. From the west, the country borders on Germany. The coastline of the country is quite flat and stretches for 770 km.
Geographical position
Despite the relatively small area (312685 km 2), the territory of the country is quite diverse. The northern and central part of Poland is located on the so-called Polish Lowland, which is a continuation of the North German Plain. The relief in this region was formed by glaciers during last glaciation... To the south, low elevations and plateaus begin (up to 60 meters).
The southern borders of the country run along two large mountain ranges. On the Czech border are located Sudetes, whose highest point reaches 1603 meters. And the regions bordering with Slovakia and Ukraine lie in the northern end of the Carpathian Mountains. Here is the most high point countries - northern the top of Mount Rysy(2499 m). It should be noted that the main peak of the mountain is 4 meters higher and is already in Slovakia. In general, only about 9% of the country's territory is located above 300 meters above sea level.
Poland is one of the most wooded regions in Europe. About a quarter of the country's area is covered by forests. The soils of the Polish lowlands are mostly poorly fertile, but up to 40% of the land is used for agriculture.
The region's water basin is abundant. Largest rivers Poland - Vistula and Audra... Most of the country's rivers are their tributaries. The region also abounds in small lakes, the largest of which belong to the Masurian Lakes. On the map of Poland in Russian you can find the largest of them - Snyardwy. But even it does not exceed 113 km 2 in area.
Fauna and flora
The flora and fauna of the country is typical of northern Europe and cannot boast big amount endemic species. The forest area of Poland is represented by mixed forests. The main plant species are pine, birch, beech, oak, spruce, poplar and maple.
The fauna of the country is rather poor for the European region. Deer, elk, bears and wild boars are found in the local forests. Chamois live in mountainous regions. A resurgent population of European bison can be observed in the lands bordering Belarus. The most common bird species are wood grouse, black grouse and partridge. The country's coastal waters are rich in commercial fish species such as herring and cod.
Climate
Most of the country is in a temperate climate zone - from maritime in the north to continental in the south. Average winter temperatures range from -2 to -6 ° C. Summer is also not hot - 17-20 ° C.
In mountainous regions, the temperature is on average 5 degrees lower. The amount of precipitation in the lowland regions is 500-600 mm per year. In the mountainous south, this figure is higher - more than 1000 mm. The High Tatras mountain range receives up to 2000 mm of precipitation per year.
Map of Poland with cities. Administrative division of the country
Poland has its own unit administrative structure - voivodeship... The whole country is divided into 16 voivodeships... A map of Poland with cities in Russian allows us to see that the population density in the south of the country is slightly higher than in the north, but on average it is 123 people per km 2.
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and The largest city the state. Located in the eastern part of the country. A major cultural and economic center of the region. Most prestigious educational establishments countries are concentrated here - about a third of the city's population are students.
Krakow
Krakow is the historical center and the second largest and most important city in Poland. Located in the south of the country. It is the most popular tourist destination in the region. Due to the abundance of architectural monuments, Krakow is included in the list world heritage UNESCO.
Katowice
Katowice is located 70 km west of Krakow. The city is the center of the Silesian agglomeration. It is the most economically active city in the country, the center of trade and heavy industry.
Republic of Poland - Baltic state, located in the center of Europe. Goes to the Baltic coast Northern part the state. On northeast Poland shares a land border with Russia and Lithuania. The Bug, the most abundant tributary of the main river in Poland, is a fairly long eastern border of the country on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. The land border of Poland with Ukraine runs along the Ukrainian Carpathians. Slovakia and the Czech Republic are countries with which Poland has a southern mountainous border, which runs along the Sudeten and Carpathian ridges. In the West, the state borders on Germany along the Oder and Neisse rivers.
The largest waterways in Poland are the Vistula, Oder, their tributaries and cross the country from south to north. In a relatively small area in the south, water flows into the Danube and Dniester, in the northeast - into the Neman. The length of the state, which ranks 9th in Europe, is 649 km from north to south, and 689 km from east to west. total area of the country is 312 683 sq. km.
The highest point - 2444 m, Mount Rysy, is located in the Polish part of the Carpathians. The lowest point - 1.8 m below sea level, is located west of the village of Raczki-Elblгskie.
