The wooden palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye became accessible to the public relatively recently. In 2010, on Moscow City Day, its grand opening took place.
First, a little history. We need to understand where we’ve come to and what’s interesting about this palace!
Kolomenskoye is one of the most ancient residences of Russian tsars. In the 1660s, Alexey Mikhailovich decides to make sweeping changes here to emphasize important stage of his reign. In 1667 it was signed Truce of Andrusovo with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, according to which Russia received the territories of Left-Bank Ukraine and lands that were conquered by the Poles in Time of Troubles. In the same year, the Great Moscow Council approved a number of functions as a spiritual ruler for the tsar.
On May 2, 1667, the foundation stone ceremony of the palace took place in a solemn atmosphere, which reflected the theme of triumph Russian statehood and Orthodoxy. And five years later, on August 27, 1672, the palace was built and consecrated. The palace of Alexei Mikhailovich was designed to show the greatness of the king and the power of his power. It was called the "Eighth Wonder of the World." Contemporaries were amazed by its beauty interior decoration And appearance. But in the 18th century, when the capital of Russia was moved to St. Petersburg, Kolomenskoye lost its former significance. The palace of Alexei Mikhailovich was dilapidated, despite the fact that they tried their best to preserve it, and gradually collapsed. And as a result, in 1767, Empress Catherine II ordered it to be dismantled, having first made detailed measurements and drawings. The palace in Kolomenskoye existed for exactly 100 years. But thanks to the thoughtfully made drawings, it was possible to restore it in every detail, and now anyone can see with their own eyes the real royal mansions.
We have already been to the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye once. This was just on the day of its opening. We wandered around, but didn't go inside. This time we decided to go to the palace, if possible with a tour.
Ticket prices. The palace is divided into a male half and a female half. The cost of tickets for viewing only the male half is 250 rubles. (preferential 120 rubles), only for women – also 250 rubles. (preferential 120 rubles), all together – 400 rubles (preferential 200 rubles), photography – 110 rubles, (I have no idea why such an uneven amount), excursion – 100 rubles. Moreover, the tour is conducted throughout the entire palace, which means only for those who have purchased a full ticket to visit the palace. But that's how it should be. In practice, those who bought tickets only for the men's half and only for the women's half are also included in the excursion. A complete set (if you go together) of 2 tickets, 2 excursions and photography will cost 1110 rubles. Not bad, though! In terms of price, you can compare the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich with. This is the first state museum I have been to with such ticket prices. Therefore, of course, it is more profitable to, as if by chance, mix in with the crowd of excursionists and walk with them around the palace.
Opening hours. The palace is open from 10.00 to 18.00. In this case, the box office stops selling tickets an hour before closing.
There is a cannon like this near the entrance to the palace. There are a lot of people who want to be photographed riding on it. It turned out to be an interesting shot, however).
The tour starts from the men's half. We made it to the very beginning and were among those impudent people who clung to the normal sightseers. The guide was a woman dressed in a traditional national Russian sundress; on her head, as expected, was a kokoshnik. We walked through the rooms and halls of the men's half of the palace, listening to the guide, who talked about all the rooms, what they were intended for, various stories associated with them, interior features, design styles that builders used to decorate rooms and halls, as well as some facts from the life of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Corridor connecting the vestibule of Alexei Mikhailovich's palace with the Dining Chamber
Various holidays were celebrated here and foreign guests were received. I was surprised to learn that in common days the king was served only one or two dishes on the table, and not as in famous film“Ivan Vasilyevich is changing his profession,” where a full table was set. The king observed everything church posts and such banquets were held only on holidays. On the holiday, everyone present could be brought 70 (!) dishes. How did all this fit into them?! Interesting fact- the more noble the boyar, the closer he sat to the king at the table during receptions and celebrations. Sometimes there were even fights for a place closer to the king.
Dining room of the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich
Duma Chamber. Reception room in the king's personal chambers. Here they paid salaries and presented awards, and submitted petitions to the king. The Boyar Duma could also meet in this room.
Throne Chamber. Place for ceremonial receptions. Here the king received foreign ambassadors and presented gifts to his entourage. It was a state chamber, something like a throne room. Accordingly, it is decorated luxuriously: tiles, paintings on the windows and ceiling, icons in gold frames, scenes depicting kings Solomon and David. Well, and, of course, the royal throne, made of sandalwood, lined with gold and silver plates and decorated with precious stones. The original is in . Near the throne of Alexei Mikhailovich there are mechanical lions with moving heads, sparkling eyes and emitting a roar (which is more like the sounds from a clogged water pipe).
Bedchamber. Small room. It was difficult to accommodate the entire excursion crowd here. The bed is also small, because... At that time it was customary to sleep sitting up. It was believed that the soul travels somewhere at night, and if in the morning it sees that its owner is in a lying position, it may not return to him.
The room of Tsarevich Fyodor Alekseevich. He ascended the throne at the age of 16, in 1676, after the unexpected death of his father. It was under him that the luxurious Dining Chamber was created, see above.
Soap shop. That's what the bathhouse used to be called. They washed themselves here... quite logical.
The Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye may well lay claim to a city landmark that is a must-see. It is not necessary to go inside, because... In my opinion, there is nothing super interesting there for the money they ask for entry. But everyone should see the palace from the outside.
Here are some more photos of the palace in Kolomenskoye.
How to get there:
It is more convenient to get to the palace from the metro station. Kashirskaya, get out of the metro, cross Kashirskoye Shosse and Andropov Avenue and you’re at your destination!
The majestic wooden palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich opened to visitors on City Day in 2010. You can get to this new Moscow by metro to Kashirskaya station, then walk a little and you are there.
Photo 1. Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye
History of the royal palace in Kolomenskoye
Kolomenskoye is one of the ancient and main residences of the Russian tsars. In the 60s of the seventeenth century, the then autocrat Alexei Mikhailovich carried out major transformations here in order to exalt an important stage of his reign. The fact is that in 1667 the Truce of Andrusovo was concluded between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as a result of which the country received the lands of the Left Bank of Ukraine, as well as territories that were captured by the Poles during the Time of Troubles. In the same year, the Great Moscow Council assigned a number of positions of spiritual ruler to the reigning person.
The ceremonial foundation of the palace in Kolomenskoye took place in 1667, on May 2, and all work was completed by August 1672, after which, on the 27th, it was consecrated.
The purpose of the royal chambers of Alexei Mikhailovich is to emphasize the greatness of the Russian Tsar and the strength of his actual power. At that time, it was not without reason that the palace was called the “Eighth Wonder of the World” for its splendor and grandeur.
After the capital was moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg during the reign of Peter I, the palace in Kolomenskoye began to deteriorate and collapse. Ultimately, in 1767, during the reign of Catherine II, with her permission, the wooden chambers were dismantled. Fortunately, before this, careful measurements of the structure were made and drawings with descriptions were created, which made it possible to recreate it in our 21st century. Thus, the real palace of Alexei Mikhailovich existed from the moment of its foundation for about 100 years.
Exposition and decoration of the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich
Today, the exhibition and decoration of the restored architectural monument of Russian wooden architecture - the Palace of Autocrat Alexei Mikhailovich - represents a symbiosis of the traditions of pre-Petrine Rus' and European art. All this together creates a festive and joyful feeling of immersion in a fairy tale.
The interior decoration is based on elements taken not only from the chronicle description of this palace, but also taking into account historical analogues. However, primacy is still given to documentary accuracy and epoch-making authenticity.
The exposition of Alexei Mikhailovich's palace in Kolomenskoye is located in 24 newly created interiors of the Tsar's and Tsaritsyn's choirs, taking into account the architectural component and functional orientation of these premises. There are ceremonial halls for receptions and feasts, as well as private chambers intended for royalty.
The decor of today's interiors amazes with its richness and variety: incomparable carvings of wooden frames, as well as window and door cornices, shining enamel of stoves, shimmering mica and glass windows, pleasing to the eye wall and ceiling paintings, patterned upholstery fabric and carpets, recreated with light from analogues of the 17th century. 18th century lamps.
The plot basis of the painting of the palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is represented by ornamental patterns, existential writing and plots of ancient mythology.
The image of the sky on the ceilings, which includes a symbolic display of the sun, moon, zodiac signs and stars, is made according to Western European models. This ceiling decor was designed to emphasize the connection between the earthly royal power with heavenly protection.
The decoration and decoration of the interior space is interspersed with an interior exhibition consisting of collectible museum items, creating the illusion of immersion in the life of royalty. You can see ancient original icons, exhibits of church decoration, ancient tapestries created by French and Flemish artisans in the seventeenth century, and works of decorative and applied art period XVII and XVIII centuries.
The wooden palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve really becomes one of the interesting attractions of the city of Moscow, which is definitely worth a visit. And you may not want to spend money on visiting the exhibition, but believe me, you can enjoy even just viewing the architectural component of the royal chambers themselves.
The summer ceremonial residence of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was located in the village of Kolomenskoye. Here, in the second half of the 17th century, a magnificent architectural ensemble was built, called the eighth wonder of the world. The royal mansions consisted of many wooden buildings (chambers) in the form of tents, onions and barrels, united by galleries, porches and passages. The grandeur and unprecedented beauty of the buildings surprised foreign ambassadors and confirmed the strength of the royal power.
Unfortunately, the grandiose monument, an outstanding work of Russian wooden architecture of the 17th century, has not survived to this day. It existed for about 100 years and was recreated two centuries later, in 2010. Nowadays, the magnificent building corresponds old building, its only difference is the reinforced concrete frame located under wooden logs and designed to protect the structure from fire.
The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (its model) was erected next to the place where the royal mansions were located in the past. During the excursion you can examine the building created modern masters, as well as get acquainted with the everyday life and way of life royal family.
You will examine the office of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and the room of Tsarevich Fyodor, the office of Peter the Great and the largest, solemnly decorated room - the Dining Chambers. Important matters were discussed in the Duma Chamber, and the Tsar received guests in the Throne Chamber.
Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich - from history
The Tsar loved Kolomenskoye very much, here he hunted and received ambassadors, and it was he who turned his estate into a fairy-tale house. Construction took five years from 1667 to 1672, the work was carried out by talented master carpenters under the leadership of Ivan Mikhailov and Semyon Petrov.
It should be noted that Peter the Great, the son of Alexei Mikhailovich, valued his father’s house. Here he learned to write and count, here he went sailing, rafting along the Moscow River, and here he developed a craving for military affairs.
However, later, when the capital was moved to St. Petersburg, the Moscow estate turned out to be abandoned and became very dilapidated over the years. Restoring it turned out to be difficult, and Catherine II ordered the building to be dismantled, but first to measure and draw plans for all the premises.
Fortunately, the documents and drawings have survived to this day, and according to them, the ensemble in Kolomenskoye was built in 2007-2010.
Appearance
The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich consisted of 27 towers and chambers, connected by vestibules and passages. The height of some chambers reached 30 meters, and the total area of the ensemble is more than 7,000 square meters. meters.
The mansions are divided into female and male halves. In the women's part you will see the chambers of the queen and princesses, and in the men's part - the offices of the king and princes, as well as chambers intended for waiting and receiving guests. The soap shop has also been recreated and wooden bath I am the king.
The first impression of the building is festive mood and joy that the masters sought to express. The windows are decorated with carved wooden frames with colored details, and planks imitating stone are used. Window and door cornices also surprise with intricate carvings. A bunch of decorative elements and stained glass windows gave the building an elegant, festive look.
Interior decoration of the Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
The walls and ceilings of the halls are decorated with paintings, the stoves are lined with luxurious tiles. The ceiling painting in the Front Chambers represents a biblical theme, while in the Tsaritsyn Throne Chamber the seasons are depicted in the form of men of different ages.
In the Dining Room on the ceiling we will see a symbolic image of the sun and stars, signs of the zodiac and the moon. These picturesque paintings emphasized the patronage of the royal power from heavenly powers. In the chambers of Elizabeth Petrovna, the ceiling painting depicts the “Triumph of Mars and Venus.”
The room of Peter the Great's daughter Elizabeth is decorated in the Baroque style. Pay attention to the amazingly beautiful Venetian glass chandelier, stylized in the 18th century.
Many interior items, icons and tapestries are original, created by masters of the 17th and 18th centuries.
Although the palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is only a model ancient building life-size, but even external inspection architectural ensemble will give you real pleasure.
Opening hours of museums in the Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 2019
- IN summer period(from April 1 to September 29)
- Every day, except Saturday and Monday, from 10:00 to 18:00
- Saturdays from 11:00 to 19:00
- Monday - day off
- IN winter period(from September 30 to March 31)
- From Tuesday to Sunday from 10:00 to 18:00
- Monday - day off
Cost of tickets to the Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 2019.
- Comprehensive ticket to the men's and women's half of the Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
- For adults - 400 rub.
- Family ticket (for two adults and two children) - 850 rubles.
- To the men's half - mansions of the king and princes
- For adults - 300 rub.
- For schoolchildren and pensioners - 100 rubles.
- For full-time students state universities RF - free
- For children under 6 years old inclusive - free
- To the women's half - queen's mansion
- For adults - 250 rub.
- For schoolchildren and pensioners - 100 rubles.
- For full-time students of state universities of the Russian Federation - free
- For children under 6 years old inclusive - free
- In the mansions of the younger and middle princesses - exhibition “Treasures of Russian Art, 17th century”
- For adults - 150 rub.
- For schoolchildren and pensioners - 50 rubles.
- For full-time students of state universities of the Russian Federation - free
- For children under 6 years old inclusive - free
The sovereign village of Kolomenskoye (now part of Moscow) lies on the banks of the Moscow River southeast of the Kremlin. For centuries, Kolomenskoye served as the residence of Russian rulers near Moscow. The royal estate reached a special peak during the time of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov in the second half of the 17th century. At his command, Russian masters Petrov, Mikhailov and Vysotsky built a majestic wooden palace in Kolomenskoye in the summer of 1667.
It had 26 log towers, about 300 chambers and 3000 mica windows. There is a legend according to which the future Emperor Peter the Great was born in this palace. After the capital was moved to St. Petersburg, the palace in Kolomenskoye fell into disrepair. Empress Catherine II ordered it to be restored, but after seeing the estimate for 47 thousand 400 rubles, she changed her mind. The palace was dismantled “due to its disrepair.” IN beginning of XXI century, the Kolomna Palace was rebuilt away from the royal estate not far from the former village of Dyakovo.
The main entrance to the palace, leading to the men's quarters, is oriented to the east.
Eastern side of the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich. The entrance is in the center, the porch is marked with a barrel-shaped kokoshnik On the same side is the Moscow River and the front gate of the royal estate. The men's half is the main, front part of the palace. It consists of the sovereign's mansion, a dining chamber or a dining hut, and a little to the side behind the sovereign's mansion is the princes' mansion.
Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich. Front porch decoration
A red or decorated porch leads to the front part of the room. It was from the red porch that the sovereigns themselves and the most distinguished guests entered the palace. It is known that this part of the palace hosted receptions for foreign ambassadors, who were also received from the red porch. 
There are cannons at the porch; these are two of the four cannons that used to be in Kolomenskoye on the banks of the Moscow River. 
They are from Peter’s time, but there is a mention that there were some gilded cannons at the Tsar’s palace, so it was decided to separate these guns - two of them remained on the banks of the Moscow River, and two ended up here.
The immersion of a person in the atmosphere, in the ceremony, in the symbolism of the royal palace began from the first steps. These landings were called lockers, and each locker prepared a person to perceive the special world of the Russian court. On the platform of the first locker of the palace on top there are images of a lion and a unicorn and the world tree.
This heraldic pair - a lion and a unicorn - appears on seals, in paintings, and on dishes. This company of mythological creatures came to us from Europe and symbolizes the lion - strength, power, greatness, and the unicorn - wisdom, purity and eternity of the state. The world tree is not only a world tree, it can also be interpreted as a heavenly tree.
The entire complex of the sovereign's court should be perceived as a kind of analogy Garden of Eden. Alexey Mikhailovich tried to create this heavenly life, as far as this can be done in earthly conditions, both in Kolomenskoye and in Izmailovo. In the case of ambassadorial receptions, here, in the first locker, the first meeting of ambassadors took place not with the highest ranks, but with the clerks of the Ambassadorial Prikaz. The royal stewards met the ambassadors on the first platform, asked about the health of the sovereign, on whose behalf the ambassadors arrived, and answered questions about the health of our sovereign. And then the ceremony continued, the procession headed inside the palace.
Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich. Main front doors
On them, in the form of coats of arms, in the form of symbolic images, the title of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is conveyed - Grand Duke of Novgorod, Vladimir, Kiev, Tsar of Kazan, Astrakhan, and so on, and so on, and so on to the very bottom.
Alexey Mikhailovich celebrated a housewarming in the palace in 1672, when its solemn consecration took place. The palace stood in Kolomenskoye for exactly a hundred years: from 1667 to 1767, when it was dismantled due to old age and disrepair.
Differences between a modern building and the original palace of Alexei Mikhailovich
The current palace is essentially a life-size model or model of an ancient palace.
Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye. South side Before the palace was dismantled, measurements and drawings were made, and several inventories of the palace were preserved. All these documents have become reliable sources for reconstructing appearance the palace and its parameters: height, area, and so on.
As for recreating the interior decoration, the question is more complex. The fact is that the palace was “active”, sovereigns constantly lived in it until early XVII I century. Since the time of Peter the Great and the beginning of the construction of St. Petersburg, the importance of Moscow has gradually declined. The palace residences in Kolomenskoye, Izmailovo and Preobrazhenskoye are falling into disrepair. Neglect does not even bypass the towers of the Moscow Kremlin, because buildings in which no one lives are destroyed and deteriorate.
The first inventory of the palace in Kolomenskoye that has reached us dates back to the 40s of the 18th century, when the palace had not been used as a residence for 40 years. There is a rather fragmentary document from the 80s of the 17th century, but it does not describe the palace completely. Therefore, to recreate its internal space there is not a sufficient number of sources relating exclusively to the palace. What can be seen inside is an attempt at reconstruction, an attempt to imagine what the palace might have looked like under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Of course, during the reconstruction, documents on the palace itself, the inventory and the surviving reconstruction of the Terem Palace of the Moscow Kremlin were used - it served as one of the fundamental sources. Descriptions of the palaces of Alexei Mikhailovich in Izmailovo, Preobrazhensky, as well as a description of the palace of Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn in Okhotny Ryad were also used. The reconstruction was based on the surviving monuments art XVII centuries with their spirit, their style. However, experts do not claim that the palace looked exactly like this during the time of Alexei Mikhailovich. But that's what he might have looked like. This is how we, people living at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, can imagine a palace of the 17th century.
Interior decoration of the palace
The artistic design of the palace belongs to the artist Ivan Ilyich Glazunov, he was the main artist of the Kolomenskoye Museum. Of course, he worked a lot with sources, with icon painting, with frescoes, but in many details he drew his own line, the line of an artist at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries, showing how he understood the 17th century. Personal taste, the personal vision of Ivan Ilyich also played a role, this must be kept in mind and taken into account when getting acquainted with the palace chambers.
The layout of the palace is as close as possible to the historical one. Modern technical devices– sewerage, fire-fighting devices, ventilation sometimes did not allow the layout to be completely reproduced.
As for the materials - the first floor, lower floor, basement are made of concrete and only lined with wood. This is done for fire safety reasons. The upper floors are completely wooden. During the construction of the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich, wood was used that was harvested in the southern regions of Russia - in Bryansk, in Orel, then this palace was built from brotherly pine, that is, the wood was brought from Siberia. There is no trace of such forests in either the Bryansk or Oryol regions.
The story continues in the interior of the palace. The next part talks about.
The article is written based on the lecture research fellow Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye V. Zuikova.
The country palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye is an ensemble of exceptional beauty and splendor, an outstanding work of Russian wooden architecture of the 17th century; contemporaries called it the “Eighth Wonder of the World”. 26 towers with green roofs in the form of tents, “barrels” and “bulbs”, around which porches, galleries,
requiring walking around and inspection from all sides.
Alexey Mikhailovich Quiet is the second Russian Tsar from the Romanov dynasty (1645 - 1676), son of Mikhail Fedorovich and his second wife Evdokia, father of Peter the Great.
The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye is a monument to the art and life of the last, most vibrant period of the Muscovite kingdom, in which modern Russia has its roots.
In 1667-1668. Alexey Mikhailovich built a magnificent wooden palace (100 meters long, 80 meters wide and 50 meters high), which became the personification of all the achievements of Russian architecture of that time. Into a single complex Sovereign's Court included wooden mansions with the house Kazan Church, Sytny, Kormovoy, Khlebny or Khlebenny courtyards or palaces, Prikazny chambers, Colonel's chambers and guardhouses. 
The sovereign's courtyard was surrounded by a fence with three gates: Front, Back and Garden. Gardens were laid out around it, surrounded by a high fence. 
This intricately decorated system of buildings was erected not for the convenience of the royal family, but to impress foreign guests with its pomp. And this was a success, and Simeon of Polotsk even called the Kolomna Palace “the most amazing marvel,” that is, the 8th wonder of the world. 
But after the death of Alexei Mikhailovich and the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, Kolomenskoye fell into decay. Under Catherine II, the dilapidated palace was dismantled. Catherine wanted to restore the palace, but 56,934 gold rubles turned out to be too much for her. Then careful measurements and inventories of the building were made. It was they who helped in the recent reconstruction of the palace.
It is interesting that the place where Alexei Mikhailovich’s palace stood stood untouched for 300 years. Nothing was built there. And in 2010, the recreated palace of Alexei Mikhailovich was opened. At the same time, the only deviation from the original was the use of a reinforced concrete frame in order to protect the building from fire.
In total, there were 270 chambers in the palace, which were illuminated by 3000 windows. The Kolomna Palace had an asymmetrical layout and consisted of independent and different-sized cells, the size and design of which corresponded to the hierarchical traditions of the family way of life.
On the Front Porch, birthday cakes were distributed on the day of the angel of one of the members of the royal family - an obligatory, important part of the state ceremony, demonstrating the unity of the ruler and his subjects. The decoration of the porch and its architecture enhanced the feeling of solemnity.
The outside facades are decorated with carved platbands with many multi-colored details. When decorating the Kolomna Palace, for the first time in Russian wooden architecture, carved platbands and planking imitating stone were used.
The current building is a life-size model of the Alexei Mikhailovich Palace. Construction was carried out according to drawings made at the behest of Catherine II. However, the new building is not entirely wooden: all structures are monolithic, reinforced concrete, then covered with logs.
Front porch of the Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich
The Red, or Front, porch is the main entrance to any royal palace. According to etiquette, only the king could ride up to him on horseback or in a cart; the violation was punishable by severe punishment. In Kolomenskoye, even foreign ambassadors and boyars dismounted in front of the Front Gate of the Sovereign's Court. An elaborate reception ceremony was developed. He demanded that distinguished guests be greeted with due solemnity outside, in front of the house, on one of the platforms of the Red Staircase.
Main entrance to the mansion
Fragment of the front doors of the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich
At that time, the palace was simply huge. The total building area is over five thousand square meters, and the total area of premises is more than seven thousand square meters.
Interiors of the palace in Kolomenskoye
At the entrance to the palace there are two cannons from the times northern war. The presence of cannons a few meters from a completely wooden palace, which can catch fire from one match, is perplexing. Perhaps they did not have a combat significance, but gave some kind of solemn signal?
Near the palace there is a statue of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. This is a model of a monument made for the city of Baltiysk in 2004 by sculptor Georgy Frangulyan. The Empress looks at Europe and points to Russia with her hand. Elizaveta Petrovna was a brilliant horsewoman, she loved horse riding and even took part in parades on horseback.
statue of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna
Inside, each room has mica windows from the 17th century. The transparent mineral mica was often used to glass the windows of temples and palaces. Glass in those days was quite thick and did not transmit light well, and Russian mica was considered the best in the world. In addition, household members tried not to look out the windows, fearing the “evil eye.”
Stained glass windows of the palace in Kolomenskoye
Room (office) of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
Room (office) of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. In this room the sovereign held most day. He could admit members of his neighbor here Boyar Duma, but primarily the room served as a place of solitude. Here the tsar was engaged in state affairs, wrote letters and notes, and “edited documents with his own hands.”
Cabinet-cabinet – reconstruction, imitation of an Italian cabinet from the early 17th century.
In the 17th century, the word cabinet was used to describe a piece of furniture - a special cabinet with many drawers, secret and not so, for storage various items for writing. Cabinets were invented in Italy at the turn of the 14th-15th centuries. Gradually, the fashion for such cabinets spread throughout Europe. Since cabinets were located in study rooms, they also began to be called cabinets. The cabinet in the palace room is a reconstruction, an imitation of an Italian cabinet from the early 17th century.
Chess and checkers sets
Alexey Mikhailovich loved quiet games- chess, checkers, was a wonderful family man, played these games with his sons. Sets of chess and checkers were specially purchased in the 17th century for the Kolomna Palace.
The reading circle in Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich's room is marked by copies of books and manuscripts (the originals of which are stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). Among them - mandatory for Orthodox man The Gospel, printed at the Moscow Printing Yard in 1663. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich used glasses to work with books and papers.
The walls are decorated with leather wallpaper. Such wallpaper was usually made by Italians, later they began to be made in Turkey. In the Kolomna Palace the wallpaper is Turkish, although in the 17th century it should have been Italian. The arrangement of the icons in the office is curious. Usually icons were hung in the red corner. But if there were a lot of them in the chambers and there was not enough space in the red corner, then they could be hung on all the walls where there was space. In the “room” they used exactly this kind of hanging of icons. All icons presented here belong to XVII century. The icon of the holy princes, passion-bearers and martyrs Boris and Gleb is not located here by chance. The palace was founded on May 3, 1667 - on the day of remembrance of Saints Boris and Gleb.
fragment of a tiled stove
Room of Tsarevich Fyodor Alekseevich
The room of Tsarevich Fyodor Alekseevich. Fyodor, the ninth child of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, was born sickly. They did not have much hope for him as a future ruler. But in 1676, the sixteen-year-old prince was crowned king in place of his father who unexpectedly died. Fyodor Alekseevich became a very active sovereign and during his short six-year reign he managed to change a lot in Russian society.
Window fragment
Fragment of a tiled stove
Chandelier fragment
They say that Fyodor Alekseevich was in poor health. But this is not true. In the sovereign's chamber stands western armor and halberds. This is not only a hint military reform. In childhood, among the toys of both Alexey Alekseevich and Fyodor Alekseevich there were some funny armor. Western weapons introduced the heirs to Western culture, Western civilization.
Cabinet of Peter I
The walls are covered with green cloth. It, like red, was the most favorite for a tent outfit. The room is illuminated by simple rectangular windows with small Dutch frames. There is an authentic Dutch cabinet here, and in it there is real Dutch crockery from the turn of the 17th-18th centuries.
The window glass is opaque. The glass rolling mill had not yet been invented. The glassblower blew a large bubble and rolled it with a rolling pin. The result was an uneven wavy surface. There are manuscripts and books on the table. The manuscripts are facsimile copies of the handwriting of Peter I himself. The tsar’s handwriting was terrible, however, like that of his father and his elder brother. Two books are very characteristic of Peter the Great's era. These are “Arithmetic” by Leonty Magnitsky and “General Geography”.
In the office of Peter I. Fragment of a tiled stove. The stove in Peter's room is a historical reconstruction. It is decorated with modern tiles made according to the model of early Peter the Great. These tiles date back to the first decade of the 18th century.
In the office of Peter I. Portrait of Catherine I
The portrait depicts Catherine I. Ekaterina Alekseevna, Marta Skavronskaya, a Livonian either a peasant woman or a city dweller, who was destined to become the All-Russian Empress. Her portrait was placed here because it was in the Kolomna Palace that Ekaterina Alekseevna gave birth to Peter’s daughter, Elizaveta Petrovna. It is unknown in what exact room Catherine gave birth; perhaps, according to the old Russian custom, it took place in a soap shop.
Canopy in front of the Dining Chamber
The canopy in front of the Dining Chamber is a kind of pantry from which the royal feasts were served. Here they put everything that was later served on the tables: from Sytny Dvor - vessels with wines, beer, honey and kvass; from Khlebny Dvor - rolls, loaves, pies; From the Feed Yard, before the start of the feast, there were jugs of vinegar and lemon pickle.
The king's dining chamber
The dining chamber is the largest, ceremonial and solemnly decorated room of the palace. The most important palace ceremonies took place in the chamber. Here they received foreign guests, celebrated family and church holidays, could throw a reception in honor of an important appointment.
"The guests in the palace are like seeds in a cucumber. One is from Sweden, the other from Greece,
The third one is from Hawaii - and give everyone something to eat! One - lobster, the other - squid,
The third one gets sardines, but there is only one earner!”
Food and drink were served on the royal table following court ritual. Each dish was tried many times for fear of poison or spoilage. When leaving the kitchen, the cook tasted the dish in the presence of the solicitor; the housekeepers accepted the dishes from him (each individual dish) and carried it to the palace under the guard of the solicitors.
Royal feast
Serving the dishes to the stern supply, the housekeepers tried each from their own dish; finally, the butler (head of the Order) tried the food Grand Palace, who was responsible for food for the royal table) and gave it to the steward to “carry before the sovereign.” Before serving, the food was tasted by the kravchiy, and the drinks by the chashnik.
Tiled stove in the Dining Room. Reconstruction based on 17th century tiles
Fragment of the painting of the ceiling and walls in the Dining Chamber
Duma Chamber
The Duma Chamber served as a place for senior officials (boyars) to wait for the royal exit, or for an invitation to even more solemn and important chambers.
In terms of design, this chamber is very similar to the canopy in front of the dining room, the same carvings, the same tent cloth outfit, the same wall benches traditional for Rus'.
Fragment of a tiled stove in the Duma Chamber.
Reconstruction based on 17th century tiles
The Throne Chamber served as the Throne Room in the royal palaces. The Emperor sat on this throne. Below are two golden lions. They are with a secret. Alexey Mikhailovich was a great lover of mechanics and, on his orders, for the amusement of the guests, mechanical lions were installed near the throne, which shook their heads and sparkled their eyes, which led to the “slight” surprise of foreigners to the great pleasure of the Russian Tsar.
Fragment of ceiling painting on scenes from the Old Testament
The female half of the palace was arranged for the queen. Alexey Mikhailovich was married twice. In 1648, the tsar married Maria Miloslavskaya. Until her death, the tsar was an exemplary family man; they had 13 children, including the future tsars Fyodor and Ivan, as well as the princess ruler Sophia.
After the death of Maria Miloslavskaya, Alexey Mikhailovich in 1671 married Natalya Naryshkina, a relative of the nobleman Artamon Matveev, who began to exert great influence on the monarch. The young wife bore the Tsar three children and, in particular, the future Emperor Peter I.
Blue drawing room of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna
Recreated blue drawing room of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The daughter of Emperor Peter I, Elizabeth, was born in 1709. As children, he and his sister Anna spent a lot of time in the royal “moscow suburbs” (there was even a legend about the birth of Elizabeth in Kolomenskoye). In 1741, the daughter of Peter the Great, relying on the guard, managed to ascend to the throne.
Elizabeth Petrovna's chambers
In the hall there are portraits of Elizabeth Petrovna, Peter the Great and the Swedish king of that time. The emperors considered each other brothers and kept images of the monarchs of other states who ruled at the same time as them. The walls are decorated with damask wallpaper, created specifically for this room according to ancient samples.
Elizaveta Petrovna’s room represents the Baroque era, the classical Baroque of the 18th century. "Triumph of Mars and Venus" is written on the ceiling. The chandelier is made of Venetian glass, it is modern, but stylized in the 18th century.
The chandelier is made of Venetian glass, it is modern, but stylized in the 18th century.
The room reflects the era of Elizabeth Petrovna. She was born in Kolomenskoye. And she often came here before and after the coronation. Perhaps during her reign some of the chambers were painted In a similar way. Although this room is not particularly suitable for such pomp. For a luxurious baroque it is small and low. The queen was very fond of fruits from Kolomna gardens. Apples and pears sprinkled with rye in a special way were specially delivered to her from Kolomenskoye to St. Petersburg so that they would not spoil along the way.
Queen's throne room
In this chamber the Empress held receptions regarding
- your name day
- birth of an heir, name day of children
- Easter, Christmas and other important holidays.
Women were allowed to these receptions, sometimes men were also present, but in this case the king himself was present at the reception. He stood nearby and could receive elected officials with gifts from different levels of society, not just the nobility. In this chamber there were elected representatives of merchants and townspeople.
Tsaritsyn's Throne Chamber differed significantly from the Tsar's Throne Chamber. The closed lifestyle of the female half of the king’s family and general position women in the pre-Petrine era did not allow them to often see strangers - in everyday life The queen was visited only by females, and among men - by close relatives and clergy.
Nevertheless, the queens also arranged audiences: they were visited by people from the Tsarina’s Workshop Chamber, managers and residents of the settlements subordinate to the chamber, the clergy with offerings and requests, as well as other petitioners - queens and princesses often petitioned the king to commute their sentences.
Allegories of the seasons are written on the ceiling. They are made in a very interesting manner. We are accustomed to the fact that parts of the world are depicted in female images, and here the four seasons are depicted by men of different ages. Winter is represented as an old man, spring is a young man, almost a boy, autumn is a mature husband, summer is a young man.
Below, in the lower register of the wall, landscapes – lanchaks – appear for the first time in the painting. These are echoes Western culture when landscapes appeared in art. At court they knew that they should be depicted, but they didn’t quite understand where, so in the palace they were carefully placed in the lowest tier. In the photo of the stove below you can see one lunchbox.
An icon of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary was chosen for the altar chamber. An embroidered shroud “Golgotha Cross” is suspended under the icon. This embroidery serves as an example of needlework, sewing with pearls by a noble woman of the 17th century. The Empress-Tsarina herself did this kind of sewing.
Queen's workshop
In the workshop chamber, the empress was doing needlework.
This chamber can conditionally be called the “Ministry of Handicrafts”.
The “Tsarina Workshop Chamber” was in charge of gold embroidery workshops in the Kadashevskaya and Khamovnicheskaya settlements of Moscow. The Empress had to give lessons, i.e. tasks, instructions to workshops and accept their work. If the work was done poorly, then she herself had to show how to do it well. The queen was a craftswoman, the best embroiderer and needlewoman. She had to be able to work brilliantly with a needle.
tiled stove in the Tsarina's workshop chamber
All embroidery work in the Tsarina’s workshop was done for the palace or for the church - embroidered icons, hanging airs, funeral shrouds. There was competition among craftswomen. Each workshop and craftswoman tried to show that they were the best. During Ivan the Terrible, two workshops competed - Tsaritsyn's, Anastasia Romanova and Efrosinya Staritskaya - wives cousin Ivan the Terrible. Many people then said that the Staritsa workshops were better than Tsaritsyn’s.
Prayer (Chamber of the Cross of the Empress)
Iconostasis in the Cross team, from icons of the 17th century. It is worth paying attention to the icon of Our Lady Hodegetria. It was believed that this icon must be in the queen’s iconostasis. She was also revered in Byzantium.
It is much larger than the men's prayer room. Whether this was actually the case is unknown, but museum workers came up with the idea that all children up to a certain age lived in the queens’ half before they were transferred to separate chambers - the prince’s and the princesses’. There should be enough space in the women's crusade for all the children, but the king, as a rule, prayed in solitude.
Royal bedchamber
As expected, the beds in those days were short, as they slept sitting up so that the blood would not rush to the head (this was considered life-threatening). Access to the room was strictly limited. No one could enter here except the courtiers closest to the king. His bed servant spent the night in peace with the sovereign.
Pillars and a canopy were always installed above the bed. Beds in those days were short, people slept on them almost sitting up. If the sovereign deigned to rest with the empress, then he went to the queen’s half. Even if the queen was in this bedchamber, she did not stay overnight. Chests. The most protected part of the royal property, called the white treasury, was kept in them. The white treasury or linen treasury is underwear and bed linen, as well as towels. Linen was kept more than the eyes, because through it, through what is closer to the body, it was easiest to cause damage.
One day, not in Kolomenskoye, but in the Kremlin, some roots were found in the underwear. And the roots are always a hint of sorcery and witchcraft; potions were made from them. A brutal search was launched to find out where it came from. They found some portomoi who foolishly put them there. They didn’t punish her too much, but they dismissed her from palace service and, just in case, sent her to some northern city, like Kargopol. Also, just in case, the bed staff was changed. Thrift is what it is.
Cross Chamber - private room for the sovereign’s prayer
There were several cross chambers in the palace. Each adult family member necessarily had his own separate chamber of the cross. The morning and evening prayer rules were performed there. Alexei Mikhailovich was distinguished by his piety and such pious deeds took up about 5-6 hours in his royal schedule every day. On major holidays, he spent up to 8-9 hours at services and in prayer. Attending divine services was the direct responsibility of the king. It was believed that if the king prays well, then the country lives well, and if the sovereign neglects these duties, then nothing good should be expected for the country. The chamber of the cross is formed as a kind of special, spiritual, personal space of the person who prayed in this chamber.
Teacher's Chamber
Alexey Mikhailovich was a wonderful family man, the father of 16 children from two marriages. Not all of his children survived, but the sovereign's offspring and heirs were present in considerable numbers in the palace. The king paid great attention education and upbringing of their children. Alexey Mikhailovich himself received the traditional Old Russian education, which consisted of teaching reading, writing and church singing.
In the Teacher's Chamber
Soap box and "movie" canopy
"movie" canopy
The soap house includes the “moving” canopy and the soap house itself. In the hallway in front of the soap house they not only undressed, but also rested after the bath, so along the wall there were benches with carved edges and a “wash” bed. In addition to the benches in the hallway in front of the soap house, there were tables, one of which was intended for “wash cooking” (things that were used during washing - caps, sheets, fans, etc.).
in the "movement hallway"
going to the soapbox
IN royal palace the soap room (movnya, movnitsa - the old name for the bathhouse) was arranged in the basement or on the same floor as the living rooms, separated from them by small passages-corridors or vestibules. In the hallway in front of the soap house they not only undressed, but also rested after the bath, so benches with carved edges and a “wash” bed were placed along the wall.
And here is the soapbox itself. Along the wall from the stove to the opposite wall there was a shelf with supports and a headboard. The higher the step of this unique bath ladder, the hotter it was. Along the other walls there were benches where people washed. Fresh hay with aromatic herbs was laid out on shelves and benches. In the center of the soap house there is a large wooden bathtub with a bench and sheets inside; it was in it that the king washed himself.
If we proceed from traditional ideas about the Russian bathhouse, then the royal soap chamber is quite spacious. However, this is exactly what it was according to the plans of the palace. It is worth paying attention to the floors. The floor in the soap shop is arranged “in a solution”, as it was called in the 17th century. The boards lie quite sparsely with a noticeable distance between them. Lead plates are laid under the floor. They lie tilted so that water flows through the cracks in the floor along these plates.
Tiled stove in the bath room
ALL IN THE GARDEN!...
We leave the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich and go down to the apple orchard.
Of course, none of the current apple trees can remember the king, how much time has passed, but the garden very well complements the atmosphere of the palace.
Both the palace itself and the surrounding gardens were supposed to symbolize a kind of paradise or Eden,
and therefore the apple trees here are not ordinary, but something special, bright red or even burgundy, emitting an amazing aroma. This place has long been called "Dyakovo Settlement",
the cultural part of it is called “Dyakovsky Garden”, thousands and thousands of apple trees, but these red ones grow only in one place, near the palace.
The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is a fabulous beauty; the opening of this palace in Kolomenskoye took place in 1672. In the seventeenth century, the original palace in Kolomenskoye aroused great delight among contemporaries, and it was not for nothing that foreign guests called it “the eighth wonder of the world.” He is so beautiful and unusual.
THE PHOTO IS NOT MY!!! Many thanks for the photos provided
