How bananas are grown in Ecuador. Pink Azuay province and banana plantations on the coast. Process: from plantation to counter

Tver Pedagogical College

By academic discipline"Children's literature"

Topic: “The life and creative path of K.G. Paustovsky"

Completed by: external student

majoring in early childhood education

Remizova Natalia Alexandrovna

Teacher S.P. Dydyuk

Introduction

Chapter I. The life and creative path of K. G. Paustovsky

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky is a writer in whose work high poetry inextricably and organically merges with the educational tendency. He was convinced that “in any area of ​​human knowledge there is an abyss of poetry.” Paustovsky is a generally recognized master of words, who considered writing a vocation to which one should devote oneself entirely.

To have the right to write, you need to know life well, the future writer decided as a young man and went on a trip around the country, greedily absorbing impressions. A researcher of Paustovsky's work, L. Krementsov, noted that the writer was allowed to grow into a major master, first of all, by the psychological type of his personality - unusually emotional and at the same time strong-willed, and in addition, an excellent memory, a keen interest in people, in art, in nature; over the years - and broad erudition, culture, rich life experience.

Chapter 1. The life and creative path of K. G. Paustovsky

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky was born in Moscow on May 31 in Granatny Lane. Besides him, there were three more children in the family - two brothers and a sister. The family sang a lot, played the piano, and reverently loved the theater. Paustovsky's mother was a domineering and unkind woman. All her life she held “strong views”, which boiled down mainly to the tasks of raising children. His father served in the department railway, was an incorrigible dreamer and Protestant. Because of these qualities, he did not stay in one place for a long time and the family often moved: after Moscow they lived in Pskov, Vilna, and Kyiv. His parents divorced when Konstantin was in the sixth grade, and the boy was sent to Ukraine to the family of his grandfather, a former soldier, and Turkish grandmother. From then on, he himself had to earn his own living and education. When the time came, the boy entered the First Kyiv Classical Gymnasium. His favorite subject was Russian literature, and, as the writer himself admitted, he spent more time reading books than preparing lessons.

In 1911, in the last class of the gymnasium, K.G. Paustovsky wrote his first story, and it was published in the Kiev literary magazine"Lights". From then on, the decision to become a writer took a strong hold of him, and he began to subordinate his life to this single goal.

After graduating from high school, he spent two years at Kiev University, and then in 1914 he transferred to Moscow University and moved to Moscow. But the beginning World War did not allow him to complete his education, he went to the front as an orderly on the rear and field ambulance trains, and many later recalled kind words the skillful hands of this man. Paustovsky changed many professions: he was a counselor and conductor of the Moscow tram, a Russian language teacher and journalist, a worker at metallurgical plants, and a fisherman.

From 1923, he worked for several years as an editor at ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency). Paustovsky retained his editorial acumen for the rest of his life: he was an attentive and sensitive reader of young authors. But the writer was very critical of his own works; many remember how after reading his new work, even if the listeners received it enthusiastically, he could destroy what he had written at night.

In the twenties, his work was expressed in collections of stories and essays “Sea Sketches” (1925), “Minetoza” (1927), “Oncoming Ships” (1928) and in the novel “Shining Clouds” (1929). Their heroes are people of a romantic nature who do not tolerate everyday routine and strive for adventure.

The writer recalled his childhood and youth in the books “Distant Years”, “Restless Youth”, “Romantics”. His first works were full of bright, exotic colors. This is explained by the fact that in childhood the “wind of the extraordinary was constantly rustling around him” and he was haunted by the “desire for the extraordinary.” In the 30s, Paustovsky turned to historical theme and the genre of the story (“The Fate of Charles Lonseville”, “The Northern Tale”). Works that are considered examples of artistic and educational prose date back to the same time: “Colchis” (1934), “Black Sea” (1936), “Meshchera Side” (1930). In Paustovsky’s work, for the first time, a story, an essay, a local history and a scientific description organically merge into one whole.

After Paustovsky settled in Moscow, practically no major events happened in his life. Only in the thirties, following the example of other writers, he decided to renew his life impressions and went to the great construction sites of his time. The stories “Kara-Bugaz” (1932) and “Colchis” (1934) that appeared after this brought him fame. I finally decided on them main idea creativity of the writer - a person must treat the land on which he lives with care and reverence. In order to write the story “Kara-Bugaz”, Paustovsky traveled almost the entire coast of the Caspian Sea. Many of the characters in the story are real people, and the facts are genuine.

Since 1934, Paustovsky’s works have been mainly devoted to describing nature and depicting people. creative work. He discovers the special country of Meshchera - an area located south of Moscow - the region between Vladimir and Ryazan - where he arrived for the first time in 1930. Paustovsky called the Meshchersky region his second homeland. There he lived (with interruptions) for more than twenty years and there, according to him, he touched folk life, to the purest sources of the Russian language. “I found the greatest, simplest and most ingenuous happiness in the forested Meshchera region,” wrote Konstantin Georgievich. “The happiness of being close to one’s land, concentration and inner freedom, favorite thoughts and hard work.” That is why the influence of the forest region on Paustovsky’s writing consciousness, the mood of his images, and the poetics of his works was so strong.

What did the reader learn about from the descriptions of the then little-studied region! About its old map, which has to be corrected, the flow of its rivers and canals has changed so much; about lakes with mysterious water different color; about forests “as majestic as cathedrals.” There are birds, fish, a she-wolf with her cubs, and the skull of a fossil deer with antlers spanning two and a half meters... But the main thing that remains in the reader’s soul is the feeling of touching a mystery. To the mystery of the charm of Russian nature, when “in an extraordinary, never-heard-of silence dawn arises... Everything is still asleep... And only owls fly around the fire slowly and silently, like clumps of white fluff.” Or when “the sunset glows heavily on the treetops, gilding them with ancient gilding. And below, at the foot of the pines, it is already dark and dull. They fly silently and seem to look into your face the bats. Some incomprehensible ringing is heard in the forests - the sound of the evening, the end of the day."

“The Meshchera Side” begins with the assurance that in this region “there are no special beauties and riches, except for forests, meadows and clear air.” But the more you get to know this “quiet and unwise land under a dim sky,” the more, “almost to the point of pain in your heart,” you begin to love it. The writer comes to this thought at the end of the story. He believed that touching one’s native nature and knowing it was the key to true happiness and the lot of the “initiated,” and not the ignorant. “A person who knows, for example, the life of plants and the laws flora“, much happier than the one who cannot even distinguish alder from aspen or clover from plantain.”

A close look at all manifestations of the life of people and nature did not muffle the romantic sound of Paustovsky’s prose. He said that romance does not contradict a keen interest in and love for the “rough life”; Almost all areas of human activity contain the golden seeds of romance.

There was everything that had attracted the writer since childhood - “dense forests, lakes, winding forest rivers, swamps, abandoned roads and even inns. K.G. Paustovsky wrote that he “owes many of his stories to Meshchera,” Summer days", "Meshcherskaya Side" and "The Tale of Forests".

Over the years of his writing life, he was on the Kola Peninsula, traveled to the Caucasus and Ukraine, the Volga, Kama, Don, Dnieper, Oka and Desna, Lakes Ladonezh and Onega, was in Central Asia, Altai, Siberia, in our wonderful northwest – in Pskov, Novgorod, Vitebsk, in Pushkin’s Mikhailovsky, in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus. Impressions from these numerous trips, from meetings with very different people and - in each individual case - in their own way interesting people formed the basis for many of his stories and travel sketches.

Each of his books is a collection of many people different ages, nationalities, occupations, characters and actions. In addition to individual books about Levitan, Taras Shevchenko, he has chapters of novels and stories, stories and essays dedicated to Gorky, Tchaikovsky, Chekhov, Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, etc. But still more often he wrote about the simple and unknown - about artisans, shepherds, ferrymen, forest guards, watchmen and village children.

An important part of Paustovsky’s work was the artistic biographies “Orest Kiprensky” (1937), “Isaac Levitan” (1937) and “Taras Shevchenko” (1939), as well as the collection of essays “Golden Rose”, the main theme of which was creativity.

Paustovsky, unlike many other writers, never wrote on the topic of the day. Even in the thirties, when many responded, for example, to the events associated with the conquest of the North, Paustovsky wrote primarily about the fate of people associated with this region - “The Northern Tale” (1938).

Paustovsky was a great storyteller, he knew how to see and discover the world in a new way, he always talked about the good, the bright and the beautiful. Therefore, it is absolutely no coincidence that he began to write for children.

Paustovsky’s peculiarity was his romantic perception of the world. True, he managed to remain realistically specific. A close look at all manifestations of the life of people and nature did not muffle the romantic sound of Paustovsky’s prose. He said that romance does not contradict a keen interest in and love for the “rough life”; Almost all areas of human activity contain the golden seeds of romance.

The seeds of romance are scattered with great generosity in Paustovsky’s short stories about children. In Badger's Nose (1935), the boy is endowed with special hearing and vision: he hears fish whispering; he sees ants making a ferry across a stream of pine bark and cobwebs. It is not surprising that it was given to him to see how the badger treated its burnt nose by sticking it in the wet and cold dust of an old pine stump. In the story “Lenka from the Small Lake” (1937), the boy really wants to find out what the stars are made of, and fearlessly goes through the swamps to look for a “meteor”. The story is full of admiration for the boy’s indefatigability, his keen observation: “Lenka was the first, out of many hundreds of people I met in my life, to tell me where and how fish sleep, how dry swamps smolder underground for years, how an old pine tree blooms and how together Small spiders make autumn migrations with birds.” The hero of both stories had a real prototype - the writer’s little friend Vasya Zotov. Paustovsky returned to his image more than once, giving him different names. In the story “Hare Paws” (1937), for example, he is Vanya Malyavin, tenderly caring for a hare whose paws were scorched in a forest fire.

An atmosphere of kindness and humor fills Paustovsky's stories and fairy tales about animals. A red, thieving cat (“The Thief Cat,” 1936), who for a long time tormented people with his incredible tricks and, finally. Caught red-handed, instead of punishment he receives a “wonderful dinner” and even turns out to be capable of “noble deeds.” The puppy chewed the plug of the rubber boat, and “a thick stream of air burst out of the valve with a roar, like water from a fire hose, hit him in the face, raised the fur on Murzik and threw him into the air.” The puppy was punished for his “hooligan behavior” and was not taken to the lake. But he performs a “puppy feat”: he runs alone at night through the forest to the lake. And now “Murzikin’s furry muzzle, wet with tears” presses against the narrator’s face (“Rubber Boat”, 1937).

Communication between people and animals should be based on love and respect, the writer is convinced. If this principle is violated - as in the fairy tale “Warm Bread” (1945), then the most terrible events can happen. The boy Filka offended the wounded horse, and then a severe frost fell on the village. Only sincere repentance Filki, his ardent desire to atone for his guilt finally led to him blowing " warm wind" The romantic sharpness of the narrative, characteristic of Paustovsky’s writing style, manifests itself at the very beginning of the tale: “A tear rolled down from the horse’s eyes. The horse neighed pitifully, protractedly, waved its tail, and immediately a piercing wind howled in the bare trees, in the hedges and chimneys, a piercing wind whistled, the snow blew up, and powdered Filka’s throat.”

A characteristic feature of Paustovsky’s fairy tales is a skillful mixture of the real and the miraculous. Petya herds the collective farm calves, watches the beavers and birds, and looks at the flowers and herbs. But the story of an old bear’s attack on a herd is woven into the narrative. All the animals and birds find themselves on Petya’s side and fiercely fight the bear, threatening him with violence in human language (“Dense Bear”, 1948). The ordinary life of the girl Masha in “The Disheveled Sparrow” (1948) proceeds in parallel with the fabulous life of birds - the old crow and the lively sparrow Pashka. The crow stole a bouquet of glass flowers from Masha, and the sparrow took it away and brought it to the theater stage where Masha’s mother was dancing.

Paustovsky's fairy-tale characters - "artel peasants", a tree frog or a "caring flower" - help people, as in folk tales, in response to a kind attitude towards them. This is how the traditional didactic direction of his works intended for children is manifested. The harmony of human feelings and beauty in nature is the ideal of K. G. Paustovsky.

Words by Konstantin Paustovsky “People usually go into nature as if on vacation. I thought that life in nature should be permanent state“can be a kind of leitmotif of a writer’s work. In Russian prose he remained primarily a singer of the nature of the Central Russian region.

For example, his fairy tales “The Ring of Steel” (1946), “The Deep Bear” (1948), “The Disheveled Sparrow” (1948) or “Warm Bread” (1954).

In his style, Paustovsky turned out to be close to Andersen: he also knew how to see the unusual in the ordinary, his works are always eventful, and any incident seems unusual, coming out of the usual series of things. Animals and birds are capable of conducting a very interesting dialogue with humans, while the main author's idea is always expressed unobtrusively and subtly. Paustovsky’s fairy tales are distinguished by some special grace; they are written in a simple and succinct language: “The music sang loudly and cheerfully about happiness,” “At night, chilled wolves howled in the forest,” “Just like snow, they fall on people.” happy dreams and fairy tales."

The circle of children's reading also included many of Paustovsky's works written about nature. The last years of the master’s work were devoted to the creation of a six-volume epic about the years he experienced; it was called “The Tale of Life”; it included several works by Paustovsky starting in 1945, when “Distant Years” were written. The next work from this cycle, “Restless Youth,” was published in 1955, two years later, “The Beginning of an Unknown Century,” and two years later, in 1959, “A Time of Great Expectations.” In 1960, “Throw to the South” appeared, and in 1963, “The Book of Wanderings.”

In life, Paustovsky was an unusually courageous man. His vision was constantly deteriorating, and the writer was tormented by asthma. But he tried not to show how hard it was for him, although his character was quite complex. Friends tried their best to help him.

Conclusion

Into history Russian literature Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky entered as an inimitable master of words, an excellent connoisseur of Russian speech, who tried to preserve its freshness and purity.

After their appearance, Paustovsky’s works became very popular among young readers. The famous critic of children's literature A. Roskin noted that if Chekhov's heroes from the story “Boys” had read Paustovsky, they would have fled not to America, but to Kara-Bugaz, to the Caspian Sea - so strong was the influence of his works on young souls .

His books teach to love one’s native nature, to be observant, to see the unusual in the ordinary and to be able to fantasize, to be kind, honest, able to admit and correct one’s own guilt, and other important human qualities that are so necessary in life.

In Russian prose he remained primarily a singer of the nature of the Central Russian region.

Bibliography

1. Arzamastseva I.N. Children's literature: a textbook for students. higher ped. textbook establishments. M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2007.

2. Paustovsky K.G. Poetic radiation. Stories. Stories. Letters. M.: “Young Guard”, 1976.

3. Paustovsky K.G. Stories. Stories. Fairy tales. Publishing house "Children's Literature" Moscow, 1966.

4. Paustovsky K.G. Hare's Paws: Stories and Tales M.: Det. lit., 1987.

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892 - 1968) became a classic of Russian literature during his lifetime. His works have been included in school curriculum in literature as examples of landscape prose. Paustovsky's novels, novellas and stories were extremely popular in the Soviet Union and were translated into many languages. foreign languages. More than a dozen works by the writer were published in France alone. In 1963, according to a survey in one of the newspapers, K. Paustovsky was recognized as the most popular writer in the USSR.

Paustovsky’s generation went through the most difficult natural selection. In three revolutions and two wars, only the strongest and strongest survived. In the autobiographical “Tale of Life,” the writer casually and even with some melancholy writes about executions, hunger and everyday hardships. He devoted barely two pages to his attempted execution in Kyiv. In such conditions, it would seem, there is no time for poetry and natural beauty.

However, Paustovsky saw and appreciated the beauty of nature since childhood. And having become acquainted with Central Russia, he became attached to it with his soul. The history of Russian literature is full of masters of landscape, but for many of them landscape is only a means to create the right mood in the reader. Paustovsky’s landscapes are independent, in them nature lives its own life.

In the biography of K. G. Paustovsky there is only one, but very large, ambiguity - the absence of prizes. The writer was published very willingly, he was awarded the Order of Lenin, but Paustovsky was not awarded either the Lenin, Stalin, or State Prizes. It is difficult to explain this by ideological persecution - writers lived nearby who were forced to translate in order to earn at least a piece of bread. Paustovsky's talent and popularity were recognized by everyone. Perhaps it’s the writer’s extreme decency. The Writers' Union was still a cesspool. It was necessary to intrigue, join some groups, trick someone, flatter someone, which was unacceptable for Konstantin Georgievich. However, he never expressed any regrets. In the true calling of a writer, Paustovsky wrote, “there is neither false pathos, nor pompous awareness by the writer of his exceptional role.”

Marlene Dietrich kissed the hands of her favorite writer

1. K. G. Paustovsky was born into the family of a railway statistician in Moscow. When the boy was 6 years old, the family moved to Kyiv. Then, on his own, Paustovsky traveled almost the entire south of what was then Russia: Odessa, Batumi, Bryansk, Taganrog, Yuzovka, Sukhumi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Baku, and even visited Persia.

Moscow late XIX century

2. In 1923, Paustovsky finally settled in Moscow - Reuben Fraerman, whom they met in Batumi, got a job as an editor at ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency, predecessor of TASS), and put in a good word for his friend. The one-act humorous play “A Day in Growth,” written while working as an editor, was most likely Paustovsky’s debut in drama.

Reuben Fraerman not only wrote “The Wild Dog Dingo”, but also brought Paustovsky to Moscow

3. Paustovsky had two brothers who died on the fronts of the First World War on the same day, and a sister. Paustovsky himself also visited the front - he served as an orderly, but after the death of his brothers he was demobilized.

4. In 1906, the Paustovsky family broke up. The father quarreled with his superiors, incurred debts and ran away. The family lived by selling things, but then this source of income dried up - the property was sold off for debts. The father secretly gave his son a letter in which he urged him to be strong and not try to understand what he could not yet understand.

5. Paustovsky’s first published work was a story published in the Kiev magazine “Knight”.

6. When Kostya Paustovsky was in his senior year at the Kyiv Gymnasium, she was just turning 100 years old. On this occasion, Nicholas II visited the gymnasium. He shook Konstantin, who was standing on the left flank of the formation, by hand and asked his name. Paustovsky was also present in the theater that evening when Stolypin was killed there in front of Nikolai’s eyes.

7. Paustovsky’s independent earnings began with the lessons he gave as a high school student. He also worked as a conductor and tram driver, a shell rejector, a fisherman's helper, a proofreader, and, of course, a journalist.

8. In October 1917, 25-year-old Paustovsky was in Moscow. During the fighting, he and other residents of his house in the city center holed up in the janitor's room. When Konstantin went into his apartment to get some crackers, he was captured by revolutionary workers. From execution young man Only their commander, who had seen Paustovsky in the house the day before, saved them.

9. Paustovsky’s first literary mentor and adviser was Isaac Babel. It was from him that Paustovsky learned to ruthlessly “squeeze” from the text unnecessary words. Babel immediately wrote short phrases, as if cut out with an ax, and then suffered for a long time, removing the unnecessary. Paustovsky, with his poetry, found it easier to shorten texts.

Isaac Babel was called the stingy knight of literature for his passion for brevity.

10. The writer’s first collection of stories, “Oncoming Ships,” was published in 1928. The first novel, “Shining Clouds,” was published in 1929. In total, dozens of works came from the pen of K. G. Paustovsky. Complete collection works published in 9 volumes.

11. Paustovsky was a passionate lover of fishing and a great connoisseur of fishing and everything connected with it. He was considered the first fisherman among writers, and fishermen recognized him as the second writer among fishermen after Sergei Aksakov. One day, Konstantin Georgievich wandered around Meshchera with a fishing rod for a long time - there was no bite anywhere, even where, by all signs, there was fish. Suddenly, the writer discovered that dozens of fishermen were sitting around one of the small lakes. Paustovsky did not like to interfere in the process, but he could not stand it and said that there could be no fish in this lake. He was laughed at - he wrote that there should be fish here

Paustovsky himself

12. K. G. Paustovsky wrote only by hand. Moreover, he did this not out of old habit, but because he considered creativity to be an intimate matter, and for him the machine was like a witness or mediator. Secretaries typed manuscripts. At the same time, Paustovsky wrote very quickly - the considerable length of the story “Colchis” was written in just a month. When the editors asked how long the writer worked on the work, this period seemed undignified to him, and he replied that he worked for five months.

13. Paustovsky’s seminars were held at the Literary Institute immediately after the war - he recruited a group of yesterday’s front-line soldiers or those who had been under occupation. A whole galaxy came out of this group famous writers: Yuri Trifonov, Vladimir Tendryakov, Yuri Bondarev, Grigory Baklanov and. etc. According to the recollections of students, Konstantin Georgievich was an ideal moderator. When young people began to furiously discuss the works of their comrades, he did not interrupt the discussion, even if the criticism became too sharp. But as soon as the author or his colleagues criticizing him got personal, the discussion was mercilessly interrupted, and the offender could well leave the audience.

14. The writer was extremely fond of order in all its manifestations. He always dressed neatly, sometimes with a certain chic. Perfect order always reigned both in his workplace and in his home. One of Paustovsky’s acquaintances ended up in his new apartment in a house on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment on the day of the move. The furniture was already arranged, but a huge pile of papers lay in the middle of one of the rooms. The very next day there were special cabinets in the room, and all the papers were sorted and sorted. Even in the last years of his life, when Konstantin Georgievich was seriously ill, he always went out to people clean-shaven.

15. K. Paustovsky read all his works aloud, mainly to himself or family members. Moreover, he read almost completely without any expression, rather leisurely and monotonously, also slowing down in key places. Accordingly, he never liked the reading of his works by actors on the radio. And the writer couldn’t stand the vocal exaltation of the actresses at all.

16. Paustovsky was an excellent storyteller. Many of his acquaintances who listened to his stories subsequently regretted not writing them down. They expected that Konstantin Georgievich would soon publish them in printed form. Some of these tales (Paustovsky never emphasized their veracity) actually appeared in the writer’s works. However, most oral creativity Konstantin Georgievich is lost irretrievably.

17. The writer did not keep his manuscripts, especially the early ones. When one of the fans, in connection with the planned publication of the next collection, got hold of the manuscript of one of the gymnasium stories, Paustovsky carefully re-read his work and refused to include it in the collection. The story seemed too weak to him.

18. After one incident at the beginning of his career, Paustovsky never collaborated with filmmakers. When the decision was made to film Kara-Bugaz, the filmmakers so distorted the meaning of the story with their inserts that the author was horrified. Fortunately, due to some troubles, the film never made it to the screens. Since then, Paustovsky has categorically refused film adaptations of his works.

19. Filmmakers, however, were not offended by Paustovsky, and among them he enjoyed great respect. When, in the late 1930s, Paustovsky and Lev Kassil learned about the dire financial situation of Arkady Gaidar, they decided to help him. By that time, Gaidar had not received royalties for his books. The only way to quickly and seriously improve the writer’s financial situation was to film his work. Director Alexander Razumny responded to the call of Paustovsky and Kassil. He ordered a script from Gaidar and shot the film “Timur and His Team.” Gaidar received money as a screenwriter, and then also wrote a story of the same name, which finally solved his financial problems.

Fishing with A. Gaidar

20. Paustovsky’s relationship with the theater was not as acute as with cinema, but it is also difficult to call it ideal. Konstantin Georgievich wrote the play about Pushkin (“Our Contemporary”) commissioned by the Maly Theater quite quickly in 1948. It was a success in the theater, but Paustovsky was dissatisfied that the director tried to make the production more dynamic at the expense of a deep portrayal of the characters.

21. The writer had three wives. He met the first, Ekaterina, on the ambulance train. They got married in 1916 and separated in 1936, when Paustovsky met Valeria, who became his second wife. Paustovsky’s son from his first marriage, Vadim, devoted his entire life to collecting and storing materials about his father, which he later donated to the K. G. Paustovsky Museum Center. The marriage with Valeria, which lasted 14 years, was childless. The third wife of Konstantin Georgievich was famous actress Tatyana Arbuzova, who cared for the writer until his death. The son from this marriage, Sergei, lived only 26 years, and Arbuzova’s daughter Galina works as the keeper of the writer’s House-Museum in Tarusa.

With Ekaterina

With Tatyana Arbuzova

22. Konstantin Paustovsky died in Moscow on July 14, 1968 in Moscow. The last years of his life were very difficult. He had long suffered from asthma, which he was used to fighting with the help of homemade, homemade inhalers. Moreover, my heart began to seriously suffer - three heart attacks and a bunch of less serious attacks. Nevertheless, until the end of his life the writer remained in service, continuing his professional activities to the best of his ability.

23. People’s love for Paustovsky was demonstrated not by the millions of copies of his books, not by queues for subscriptions in which people stood at night (yes, such lines did not appear with iPhones), and not by state awards (two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor and the Order of Lenin). To the small town of Tarusa, in which Paustovsky lived for many years, in order to accompany the great writer to last way, tens, or even hundreds of thousands of people gathered.

24. The so-called “democratic intelligentsia”, after the death of K. G. Paustovsky, rose to make him an icon of the Thaw. According to the catechism of the adherents of the “Thaw”, from February 14, 1966 to June 21, 1968, the writer was engaged only in signing various kinds petitions, appeals, characteristics and wrote petitions. Having suffered three heart attacks and suffering from a severe form of asthma, Paustovsky in the last two years of his life, it turns out, was preoccupied with A. Solzhenitsyn’s Moscow apartment - Paustovsky signed a petition for the provision of such an apartment. In addition, the great singer of Russian nature gave a positive description of the work of A. Sinyavsky and Y. Daniel. Konstantin Georgievich was also very worried about the possible rehabilitation of Stalin (he signed “Letter 25”). He was also worried about maintaining the position of the chief director of the Taganka Theater, Yu. Lyubimov. For all this, the Soviet government did not give him its prizes and blocked the awarding of the Nobel Prize. All this looks very logical, but there is a typical distortion of facts: Polish writers nominated Paustovsky for the Nobel Prize back in 1964, and Soviet prizes could have been awarded earlier. But apparently more cunning colleagues were found for them. Most of all, this “signing” is similar to using the authority of a terminally ill person - nothing will be done to him anyway, but in the West the writer’s signature had weight.

25. The nomadic life of K. G. Paustovsky also left its mark on the perpetuation of his memory. The writer's house-museums operate in Moscow, Kyiv, Crimea, Tarusa, Odessa and the village of Solotcha in the Ryazan region, where Paustovsky also lived. Monuments to the writer were erected in Odessa and Tarusa. In 2017, the 125th anniversary of the birth of K. G. Paustovsky was widely celebrated; more than 100 events were held throughout Russia.

Russian Soviet writer, classic of Russian literature; member of the USSR Writers Union

Konstantin Paustovsky

short biography

– Russian Soviet writer; modern readers are more familiar with such a facet of his work as novels and stories about nature for a children's audience.

Paustovsky was born on May 31 (May 19, old style) in Moscow, his father was a descendant of a Cossack family and worked as a railway statistician. Their family was quite creative, they played the piano here, sang often, loved theatrical performances. As Paustovsky himself said, his father was an incorrigible dreamer, so his places of work, and accordingly, his residence, changed all the time.

In 1898, the Paustovsky family settled in Kyiv. The writer called himself “a Kievite by heart”; many years of his biography were connected with this city; it was in Kyiv that he established himself as a writer. Konstantin's place of study was the 1st Kiev classical gymnasium. As a student in the last grade, he wrote his first story, which was published. Even then, the decision came to him to be a writer, but he could not imagine himself in this profession without accumulating life experience, “going into life.” He also had to do this because his father abandoned his family when Konstantin was in the sixth grade, and the teenager was forced to take care of supporting his family.

In 1911, Paustovsky was a student at the Faculty of History and Philology at Kiev University, where he studied until 1913. Then he transferred to Moscow, to the university, but to the Faculty of Law, although he did not complete his studies: his studies were interrupted by the First World War. He, as the youngest son in the family, was not drafted into the army, but he worked as a tram driver on a tram and on an ambulance train. On the same day, while on different fronts, two of his brothers died, and because of this, Paustovsky came to his mother in Moscow, but stayed there only for a while. At that time he had the most different places works: Novorossiysk and Bryansk metallurgical plants, a boiler plant in Taganrog, a fishing artel in Azov, etc. In his leisure hours, Paustovsky worked on his first story, “Romantics,” during 1916-1923. (it will be published in Moscow only in 1935).

When the February Revolution began, Paustovsky returned to Moscow and collaborated with newspapers as a reporter. Here I met the October Revolution. In the post-revolutionary years he committed a large number of trips around the country. During the civil war, the writer ended up in Ukraine, where he was called up to serve in the Petlyura army and then in the Red Army. Then, for two years, Paustovsky lived in Odessa, working in the editorial office of the newspaper “Sailor”. From there, carried away by the thirst for distant travels, he went to the Caucasus, lived in Batumi, Sukhumi, Yerevan, and Baku.

He returned to Moscow in 1923. Here he worked as an editor at ROSTA, and in 1928 his first collection of stories was published, although some stories and essays had previously been published separately. In the same year he wrote his first novel, “Shining Clouds.” In the 30s Paustovsky is a journalist for several publications, in particular, the Pravda newspaper, Our Achievement magazines, etc. These years are also filled with numerous trips around the country, which provided material for many works of art.

In 1932, his story “Kara-Bugaz” was published, which became a turning point. She makes the writer famous, in addition, from that moment Paustovsky decides to become a professional writer and leaves his job. As before, the writer travels a lot; during his life he has traveled almost the entire USSR. Meshchera became his favorite corner, to which he dedicated many inspired lines.

When the Great Patriotic War began, Konstantin Georgievich also had a chance to visit many places. On the Southern Front he worked as a war correspondent, without abandoning his studies in literature. In the 50s Paustovsky's place of residence was Moscow and Tarus on the Oka. The post-war years of his creative path were marked by turning to the topic of writing. During 1945-1963. Paustovsky worked on the autobiographical “Tale of Life,” and these 6 books were the main work of his entire life.

In the mid-50s. Konstantin Georgievich becomes a world-famous writer, recognition of his talent goes beyond the borders of his native country. The writer gets the opportunity to travel throughout the continent, and he uses it with pleasure, traveling to Poland, Turkey, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Greece, etc. In 1965, he lived for quite a long time on the island of Capri. In the same year, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but in the end it was awarded to M. Sholokhov. Paustovsky is a holder of the Order of Lenin and the Red Banner of Labor, and was awarded a large number of medals.

Biography from Wikipedia

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky(May 19 (31), 1892, Moscow - July 14, 1968, Moscow) - Russian Soviet writer, classic of Russian literature. Member of the USSR Writers' Union. K. Paustovsky's books have been repeatedly translated into many languages ​​of the world. In the second half of the 20th century, his novels and short stories were included in the Russian literature curriculum for middle classes in Russian schools as one of the plot and stylistic examples of landscape and lyrical prose.

His autobiographical “Tale of Life” in two volumes, 6 books in total, can help to understand the origins and development of K. G. Paustovsky’s work. The first book “Distant Years” is dedicated to the writer’s childhood there.

My whole life from early childhood to 1921 is described in three books - “Distant Years”, “Restless Youth” and “The Beginning of an Unknown Century”. All these books form parts of my autobiographical “Tale of Life”...

Origin and education

Konstantin Paustovsky was born into the family of railway statistician Georgy Maksimovich Paustovsky, who had Ukrainian-Polish-Turkish roots and lived in Granatny Lane in Moscow. He was baptized in the Church of St. George on Vspolye. The entry in the church register contains information about his parents: “...the father is a retired non-commissioned officer of the second category from volunteers, from the bourgeoisie of the Kyiv province, Vasilkovsky district, Georgy Maksimovich Paustovsky and his legal wife Maria Grigorievna, both Orthodox people”.

The writer’s pedigree on his father’s side is connected with the name of Hetman P.K. Sagaidachny, although he did not attach any importance to this of great importance: “My father laughed at his “hetman origin” and liked to say that our grandfathers and great-grandfathers plowed the land and were the most ordinary, patient grain growers...” The writer’s grandfather was a Cossack, had the experience of being a Chumakov, transporting goods from Crimea with his comrades deep into Ukrainian territory, and introduced young Kostya to Ukrainian folklore, Chumakov, Cossack songs and stories, of which the most memorable was the romantic and tragic story of a former rural blacksmith that touched him, and then the blind lyre player Ostap, who lost his sight from the blow of a cruel nobleman, a rival who stood in the way of his love for a beautiful noble lady, who then died, unable to bear the separation from Ostap and his torment.

Before becoming a Chumak, the writer’s paternal grandfather served in the army under Nicholas I, was captured by the Turks during one of the Russian-Turkish wars and brought from there his stern Turkish wife Fatma, who was baptized in Russia with the name Honorata, so The writer's father's Ukrainian-Cossack blood is mixed with Turkish. The father is portrayed in the story “Distant Years” as a not very practical man of a freedom-loving revolutionary-romantic type and an atheist, which irritated his mother-in-law, another grandmother of the future writer.

High school student K. G. Paustovsky (far left) with friends.

The writer’s maternal grandmother, Vikentia Ivanovna, who lived in Cherkassy, ​​was Polish, a zealous Catholic, who took her preschool-age grandson, with his father’s disapproval, to worship Catholic shrines in the then Russian part of Poland, and the impressions of their visit and the people they met there also sank deeply into her soul writer. Grandmother always wore mourning after the defeat Polish uprising 1863, because she sympathized with the idea of ​​​​freedom for Poland: “We were sure that during the uprising, my grandmother’s fiance was killed - some proud Polish rebel, not at all like my grandmother’s gloomy husband, and my grandfather, a former notary in the city of Cherkassy.”. After the defeat of the Poles from government forces Russian Empire active supporters of Polish liberation felt hostility towards the oppressors, and on a Catholic pilgrimage, the grandmother forbade the boy to speak Russian, while he spoke Polish only to a minimal extent. The boy was also frightened by the religious frenzy of other Catholic pilgrims, and he alone did not fulfill the required rituals, which his grandmother explained by the bad influence of his father, an atheist. The Polish grandmother is portrayed as strict, but kind and attentive. Her husband, the writer’s second grandfather, was a taciturn man who lived alone in his room on the mezzanine and his grandchildren’s communication with him was not noted by the author of the story as a significant factor influencing him, unlike communication with the other two members of that family - a young, beautiful , the cheerful, impetuous and musically gifted Aunt Nadya, who died early, and her older brother, the adventurer Uncle Yuzy - Joseph Grigorievich. This uncle received a military education and, having the character of a tireless traveler, a never-despairing unsuccessful entrepreneur, a restless person and an adventurer, disappeared from his parents’ home for a long time and unexpectedly returned to it from the farthest corners of the Russian Empire and the rest of the world, for example, from the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway or by participating in South Africa in the Anglo-Boer War, on the side of the small Boers, who staunchly opposed the British conquerors, as the liberal-minded Russian public, which sympathized with these descendants of Dutch settlers, believed at the time. On his last visit to Kiev, which occurred during the armed uprising that took place there during the First Russian Revolution of 1905-07, he unexpectedly got involved in the events, organizing the previously unsuccessful shooting of the rebel artillerymen at government buildings and after the defeat of the uprising he was forced to emigrate for the rest of his life to countries Far East. All these people and events influenced the personality and work of the writer.

The writer's parental family had four children. Konstantin Paustovsky had two older brothers (Boris and Vadim) and a sister Galina.

High school student K. G. Paustovsky.

In 1898, the family returned from Moscow to Kyiv, where in 1904 Konstantin Paustovsky entered the First Kyiv Classical Gymnasium. My favorite subject while studying at the gymnasium was geography.

After the breakup of the family (autumn 1908), he lived for several months with his uncle, Nikolai Grigorievich Vysochansky, in Bryansk and studied at the Bryansk gymnasium.

In the fall of 1909, he returned to Kiev and, having recovered at the Alexander Gymnasium (with the assistance of its teachers), began an independent life, earning money by tutoring. After some time, the future writer settled with his grandmother, Vikentia Ivanovna Vysochanskaya, who moved to Kiev from Cherkassy. Here, in a small wing on Lukyanovka, high school student Paustovsky wrote his first stories, which were published in Kyiv magazines. After graduating from high school in 1912, he entered the Imperial University of St. Vladimir in Kyiv to the Faculty of History and Philology, where he studied for two years.

In total, Konstantin Paustovsky, “a Muscovite by birth and a Kievite by heart,” lived in Ukraine for more than twenty years. It was here that he established himself as a journalist and writer, as he admitted more than once in his autobiographical prose. In the preface to the Ukrainian edition of “Gold of Troyanda” (Russian: “Golden Rose”) In 1957 he wrote:

In the books of almost every writer, the image of his native land, with its endless sky and silence of fields, with its thoughtful forests and the language of the people, shines through, as if through a light sunny haze. Overall, I was lucky. I grew up in Ukraine. I am grateful to her lyricism in many aspects of my prose. I carried the image of Ukraine in my heart for many years.

World War I and Civil War

With the outbreak of World War I, K. Paustovsky moved to Moscow to live with his mother, sister and brother and transferred to Moscow University, but was soon forced to interrupt his studies and get a job. He worked as a conductor and counselor on the Moscow tram, then served as an orderly on the rear and field ambulance trains. In the fall of 1915, with a field medical detachment, he retreated along with the Russian army from Lublin in Poland to Nesvizh in Belarus.

After both of his brothers died on the same day on different fronts, Paustovsky returned to Moscow to his mother and sister, but after some time he left there. During this period, he worked at the Bryansk Metallurgical Plant in Yekaterinoslav, at the Novorossiysk Metallurgical Plant in Yuzovka, at a boiler plant in Taganrog, and from the fall of 1916 in a fishing cooperative on the Sea of ​​Azov. After the start February Revolution went to Moscow, where he worked as a reporter for newspapers. In Moscow, he witnessed the events of 1917-1919 associated with the October Revolution.

During the civil war, K. Paustovsky returns to Ukraine, where his mother and sister moved again. In Kyiv in December 1918, he was drafted into the Ukrainian army of Hetman Skoropadsky, and soon after the next change of power he was drafted into the Red Army - into a guard regiment recruited from former Makhnovists. A few days later, one of the guard soldiers shot and killed the regimental commander and the regiment was disbanded.

Subsequently, Konstantin Georgievich traveled a lot around the south of Russia, lived for two years in Odessa, working for the newspapers “Stanok” and “Sailor”. During this period, Paustovsky became friends with I. Ilf, I. Babel (about whom he later left detailed memories), Bagritsky, and L. Slavin. From Odessa Paustovsky left for Crimea, then to the Caucasus. Lived in Sukhumi, Batumi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Baku, visited northern Persia.

In 1923, Paustovsky returned to Moscow. For several years he worked as an editor at ROSTA.

1930s

In the 1930s, Paustovsky actively worked as a journalist for the Pravda newspaper, 30 Days, Our Achievements and others magazines, and traveled widely around the country. The impressions from these trips were embodied in works of art and essays. In 1930, the following essays were first published in the magazine “30 Days”: “Talking about Fish” (No. 6), “Chasing Plants” (No. 7), “Blue Fire Zone” (No. 12).

K. G. Paustovsky
on the narrow gauge railway Ryazan - Tuma in Solotch, 1930

From 1930 until the early 1950s, Paustovsky spent a lot of time in the village of Solotcha near Ryazan in the Meshchera forests. At the beginning of 1931, on instructions from ROSTA, he went to Berezniki for the construction of the Berezniki chemical plant, where he continued work on the story “Kara- Bugaz." Essays about the Berezniki construction were published in a small book, “The Giant on the Kama.” The story “Kara-Bugaz” was completed in Livny in the summer of 1931, and became a key one for K. Paustovsky - after the publication of the story, he left the service and switched to creative work, becoming a professional writer.

In 1932, Konstantin Paustovsky visited Petrozavodsk, working on the history of the Onega plant (the topic was suggested by A. M. Gorky). The result of the trip was the stories “The Fate of Charles Lonseville” and “Lake Front” and a long essay “The Onega Plant”. Impressions from a trip to the north of the country also formed the basis for the essays “The Country Beyond Onega” and “Murmansk”.

Based on the materials from the trip along the Volga and Caspian Sea, the essay “Underwater Winds” was written, published for the first time in the magazine “Krasnaya Nov” No. 4 for 1932. In 1937, the newspaper Pravda published an essay “New Tropics”, written based on the impressions of several trips to Mingrelia.

Having traveled around the north-west of the country, visiting Novgorod, Staraya Russa, Pskov, Mikhailovskoye, Paustovsky wrote the essay “Mikhailovsky Groves”, published in the magazine “Krasnaya Nov” (No. 7, 1938).

By Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR “On rewarding Soviet writers” dated January 31, 1939 K. G. Paustovsky was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (“For outstanding successes and achievements in the development of Soviet fiction”).

Period of the Great Patriotic War

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War Paustovsky, who became a war correspondent, served on the Southern Front. In a letter to Reuben Fraerman dated October 9, 1941, he wrote: “I spent a month and a half on the Southern Front, almost all the time, not counting four days, in the line of fire..."

In mid-August, Konstantin Paustovsky returned to Moscow and was left to work in the TASS apparatus. Soon, at the request of the Committee for Arts, he was released from service to work on a new play for the Moscow Art Theater and evacuated with his family to Alma-Ata, where he worked on the play “Until the Heart Stops,” the novel “Smoke of the Fatherland,” and wrote a number of stories. The production of the play was prepared by the Moscow Chamber Theater under the direction of A. Ya. Tairov, who was evacuated to Barnaul. While working with the theater staff, Paustovsky spent some time (winter 1942 and early spring 1943) in Barnaul and Belokurikha. He called this period of his life “Barnaul months.” The premiere of the play “Until the Heart Stops,” dedicated to the fight against fascism, took place in Barnaul on April 4, 1943.

World recognition

In the 1950s, Paustovsky lived in Moscow and Tarusa-on-Oka. He became one of the compilers of the most important collective collections of the democratic movement during the Thaw, “Literary Moscow” (1956) and “Tarussky Pages” (1961). For more than ten years he led a prose seminar at the Literary Institute. Gorky, was the head of the department of literary excellence. Among the students at Paustovsky’s seminar were: Inna Goff, Vladimir Tendryakov, Grigory Baklanov, Yuri Bondarev, Yuri Trifonov, Boris Balter, Ivan Panteleev. In her book “Transformations” Inna Goff wrote about K. G. Paustovsky:

I think about him often. Yes, he had a rare talent as a Teacher. It is no coincidence that there are many teachers among his passionate fans. He knew how to create a special, mysteriously beautiful atmosphere of creativity - this is precisely the lofty word I want to use here.

In the mid-1950s, Paustovsky came to global recognition. Having the opportunity to travel around Europe, he visited Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Turkey, Greece, Sweden, Italy and other countries. Setting off on a cruise around Europe in 1956, he visited Istanbul, Athens, Naples, Rome, Paris, Rotterdam, and Stockholm. At the invitation of Bulgarian writers, K. Paustovsky visited Bulgaria in 1959. In 1965, he lived for some time on the island. Capri. Also in 1965, he was one of the likely candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was eventually awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov. In the book “Lexicon of Russian Literature of the 20th Century,” written by the famous German Slavist Wolfgang Kazak, it is said about this: “The planned presentation of the Nobel Prize to K. Paustovsky in 1965 did not take place, as the Soviet authorities began to threaten Sweden with economic sanctions. And thus, instead of him, the major Soviet literary functionary M. Sholokhov was awarded.”.

Paustovsky was a second candidate for the Nobel Prize in 1967, he was nominated by member of the Swedish Academy, writer and subsequent Nobel Prize winner (1974) Eivind Jonsson. However, the Nobel Committee rejected Paustovsky’s candidacy with the wording that became known only in 2017: “The Committee would like to emphasize its interest in this proposal for the Russian writer, but for natural reasons it should be put aside for now.” The probable reason for the refusal was the analysis of Paustovsky’s work carried out by literary critic om Eric Mesterton. His summary read: “In modern Russian literature, Paustovsky undoubtedly occupies an outstanding place. But he is not a great writer, as far as I understand... Paustovsky is a writer with great merits, but also with great shortcomings. I do not find that his merits can outweigh his demerits sufficiently to justify awarding him the Nobel Prize." As a result, the 1967 prize was awarded to the Guatemalan writer and diplomat Miguel Angel Asturias.

K. G. Paustovsky was among Marlene Dietrich's favorite writers. In her book “Reflections” (chapter “Paustovsky”), she described their meeting, which took place in 1964 during her speech at the Central House of Writers:

• “...Once I read the story “Telegram” by Paustovsky. (It was a book where, next to the Russian text, there was an English translation.) He made such an impression on me that I could no longer forget either the story or the name of the writer, whom I had never heard of. I have not been able to find other books by this amazing writer. When I came on tour to Russia, at the Moscow airport I asked about Paustovsky. Hundreds of journalists gathered here, they didn’t ask stupid questions that they usually annoyed me with in other countries. Their questions were very interesting. Our conversation lasted more than an hour. When we approached my hotel, I already knew everything about Paustovsky. He was sick at the time and was in the hospital. Later I read both volumes of “The Tale of Life” and was intoxicated by his prose. We performed for writers, artists, artists, often there were even four performances a day. And on one of these days, preparing for a performance, Burt Bacharach and I were backstage. My charming translator Nora came to us and said that Paustovsky was in the hall. But this couldn’t be, I know that he is in the hospital with a heart attack, that’s what they told me at the airport on the day I arrived. I objected: “This is impossible!” Nora assured: “Yes, he is here with his wife.” The performance went well. But you can never foresee this - when you try especially hard, most often you do not achieve what you want. At the end of the show I was asked to stay on stage. And suddenly Paustovsky walked up the steps. I was so shocked by his presence that, being unable to utter a word in Russian, I found no other way to express my admiration for him than to kneel before him. Worried about his health, I wanted him to return to the hospital immediately. But his wife reassured me: “It will be better for him.” It took him a lot of effort to come to see me. He died soon after. I still have his books and memories of him. He wrote romantically, but simply, without embellishment. I'm not sure if he is known in America, but one day he will be “discovered.” In his descriptions he resembles Hamsun. He is the best Russian writer I know. I met him too late."

In memory of this meeting, Marlene Dietrich gave Konstantin Georgievich several photographs. One of them captured Konstantin Paustovsky and an actress kneeling before her beloved writer on the stage of the Central House of Writers.

Last years

Grave of K. G. Paustovsky.

In 1966, Konstantin Paustovsky signed a letter from twenty-five cultural and scientific figures Secretary General The Central Committee of the CPSU to L. I. Brezhnev is against the rehabilitation of I. Stalin. For a long time, Konstantin Paustovsky suffered from asthma and suffered several heart attacks. Died on July 14, 1968 in Moscow. According to his will, he was buried in the local Tarusa cemetery - above the steep bank of the Taruska River. The title of “Honorary Citizen” of Tarusa Paustovsky was awarded on May 30, 1967.

Journalist Valery Druzhbinsky, who worked for K. Paustovsky as a literary secretary in 1965-1968, wrote in his memoirs about the writer (“Paustovsky as I remember him”): “Surprisingly, Paustovsky managed to live through the time of insane praise of Stalin and not write a word about the leader of all times and peoples. He managed not to join the party, not to sign a single letter or appeal stigmatizing anyone. He tried his best to stay and so he remained himself.”

During trial over the writers A.D. Sinyavsky and Yu.M. Daniel K. Paustovsky (together with K. Chukovsky) openly spoke out in their support, providing the court with positive reviews of their work.

In 1965, he signed a letter petitioning to provide A.I. Solzhenitsyn with an apartment in Moscow, and in 1967 he supported Solzhenitsyn, who wrote a letter to the IV Congress of Soviet Writers demanding the abolition of censorship of literary works.

Shortly before his death, the seriously ill Paustovsky sent a letter to A. N. Kosygin asking not to fire the chief director of the Taganka Theater, Yu. P. Lyubimov. The letter was followed by a telephone conversation with Kosygin, in which Konstantin Georgievich said:

“The dying Paustovsky is speaking to you. I beg you not to destroy the cultural values ​​of our country. If you remove Lyubimov, the theater will fall apart and a great cause will perish.”

The dismissal order was not signed.

Family

• Father, Georgy Maksimovich Paustovsky (1852-1912), was a railway statistician, came from Zaporozhye Cossacks. He died and was buried in 1912 in the village. An ancient settlement near Bila Tserkva.
• Mother, Maria Grigorievna, née Vysochanskaya(1858 - June 20, 1934) - buried at the Baikovo cemetery in Kyiv.
• Sister, Paustovskaya Galina Georgievna(1886 - January 8, 1936) - buried at the Baikovo cemetery in Kyiv (next to her mother).
• The brothers of K. G. Paustovsky were killed on the same day in 1915 on the fronts of the First World War: Boris Georgievich Paustovsky(1888-1915) - lieutenant of a sapper battalion, killed on the Galician front; Vadim Georgievich Paustovsky(1890-1915) - ensign of the Navaginsky infantry regiment, killed in battle in the Riga direction.
• Grandfather (paternal side), Maxim Grigorievich Paustovsky- former soldier, participant in the Russian-Turkish war, one-palace; grandmother, Honorata Vikentievna- Turkish (Fatma), baptized into Orthodoxy. Paustovsky’s grandfather brought her from Kazanlak, where he was in captivity.
• Grandfather (maternal side), Grigory Moiseevich Vysochansky(d. 1901), notary in Cherkassy; grandmother Vincentia Ivanovna(d. 1914) - Polish noblewoman.
• First wife - Ekaterina Stepanovna Zagorskaya(2.10.1889-1969), (father - Stepan Alexandrovich, priest, died before Catherine's birth; mother - Maria Yakovlevna Gorodtsova, a rural teacher, died a few years after the death of her husband). On her mother's side, Ekaterina Zagorskaya is a relative of the famous archaeologist Vasily Alekseevich Gorodtsov, the discoverer of the unique antiquities of Old Ryazan. Paustovsky met his future wife when he went as an orderly to the front (World War I), where Ekaterina Zagorskaya was a nurse. Paustovsky and Zagorskaya got married in the summer of 1916, in Ekaterina’s native Podlesnaya Sloboda in the Ryazan province (now Lukhovitsky district of the Moscow region), in which her father served as a priest. In 1936, Ekaterina Zagorskaya and Konstantin Paustovsky separated. Catherine admitted to her relatives that she gave her husband a divorce herself. She couldn’t stand that he “got involved with a Polish woman” (meaning Paustovsky’s second wife). Konstantin Georgievich, however, continued to take care of his son Vadim after the divorce. Name Hatice (Russian: "Ekaterina") E. Zagorskaya was given the gift of a Tatar woman from a Crimean village where she spent the summer of 1914.

...I love her more than my mother, more than myself... Hatice is an impulse, an edge of the divine, joy, melancholy, illness, unprecedented achievements and torment.

• Son - Vadim(08/02/1925 - 04/10/2000). Until the end of his life, Vadim Paustovsky collected letters from his parents, documents, and donated many things to the Paustovsky Museum-Center in Moscow.

K. G. Paustovsky and V. V. Navashina-Paustovskaya on a narrow-gauge railway in Solotch. In the carriage window: the writer’s son Vadim and Foster-son Sergey Navashin. Late 1930s.

• Second wife - Valeria Vladimirovna Valishevskaya-Navashina(Waleria Waliszewska)- sister of the famous Polish artist Zygmunt (Sigismund) Waliszewski in the 20s (Zygmunt Waliszewski). Valeria becomes the inspiration for many works - for example, “The Meshchera Side”, “Throw to the South” (here Valishevskaya was the prototype of Maria).
• Third wife - Tatyana Alekseevna Evteeva-Arbuzova(1903-1978), actress of the theater. Meyerhold. They met when Tatyana Evteeva was the wife of the fashionable playwright Alexei Arbuzov (Arbuzov’s play “Tanya” is dedicated to her). She married K. G. Paustovsky in 1950. Paustovsky wrote about her:

Tenderness, my only person, I swear on my life that such love (without boasting) has never existed in the world. It never was and never will be, all other love is nonsense and nonsense. Let your heart beat calmly and happily, my heart! We will all be happy, everyone! I know and believe...

• Son - Alexei(1950-1976), born in the village of Solotcha, Ryazan region.
• Stepdaughter - Galina Arbuzova, curator of the House-Museum of K. G. Paustovsky in Tarusa.

Creation

My writing life began with the desire to know everything, see everything and travel. And, obviously, this is where it ends.
The poetry of wanderings, merging with unvarnished reality, formed the best alloy for creating books.

The first works, “On the Water” and “Four” (in the notes to the first volume of the six-volume collected works of K. Paustovsky, published in 1958, the story is called “Three”), were written by Paustovsky while still studying in the last grade of the Kiev gymnasium. The story “On the Water” was published in the Kiev almanac “Lights”, No. 32 and was signed with the pseudonym “K. Balagin" (the only story published by Paustovsky under a pseudonym). The story “Four” was published in the youth magazine “Knight” (No. 10-12, October-December, 1913).

In 1916, while working at the Nev-Vilde boiler plant in Taganrog, K. Paustovsky began writing his first novel, “Romantics,” work on which lasted seven years and was completed in 1923 in Odessa.

It seems to me that one of the characteristic features of my prose is its romantic mood...

... A romantic mood does not contradict an interest in and love for the “rough” life. In all areas of reality, with rare exceptions, there are seeds of romance.
They can be ignored and trampled, or, conversely, given the opportunity to grow, decorate and ennoble with their flowering inner world person.

In 1928, Paustovsky’s first collection of stories, “Oncoming Ships,” was published (“My first real book was the collection of stories “Oncoming Ships”), although individual essays and stories had been published before that. IN short term(winter 1928) the novel “Shining Clouds” was written, in which the detective-adventurous intrigue conveyed by the magnificent figurative language, was combined with autobiographical episodes related to Paustovsky’s trips around the Black Sea and the Caucasus in 1925-1927. The novel was published by the Kharkov publishing house "Proletary" in 1929.

The story “Kara-Bugaz” brought fame. Written on the basis of true facts and published in 1932 by the Moscow publishing house “Young Guard,” the story immediately brought Paustovsky (according to critics) to the forefront of Soviet writers of that time. The story has been published many times different languages peoples of the USSR and abroad. Filmed in 1935 by director Alexander Razumny, the film “Kara-Bugaz” political reasons was not allowed to be released.

In 1935, in Moscow, the Khudozhestvennaya Literatura publishing house first published the novel “Romantics,” which was included in the collection of the same name.

In the 1930s, stories of various themes were created:

• “The Fate of Charles Lonseville” - written in the summer of 1933 in Solotch. It was first published as a separate publication by the Moscow publishing house “Young Guard”. Reprinted several times. It was translated into many languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR.
• “Colchis” - written in the fall of 1933, was first published in the almanac “Year 17th” in 1934. The creation of the story was preceded by Paustovsky's trip to Megrelia. In 1934, “Colchis” was published as a separate book (Moscow, “Detizdat”), was reprinted several times, and was translated into many foreign languages ​​and languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR.
• “Black Sea” - written in the winter of 1935-1936. in Sevastopol, where Paustovsky settled specifically to be able to use the materials of the Sevastopol Maritime Library. The story was first published in the almanac “Year XIX”, in No. 9 for 1936.
• “Constellation of Hound Dogs” - written in 1936 in Yalta. It was first published in the magazine “Znamya” No. 6, 1937. In the same year, the story was published as a separate publication in Detizdat. The play written by Paustovsky based on this story was performed in many theaters across the country for several years.
• “The Northern Tale” was written in 1937, written in Moscow and Solotch. It was first published under the title “Northern Stories” in the magazine “Znamya” (No. 1, 2, 3 for 1938). In 1939, the story was published as a separate book in Detizdat. Separate editions were published in Berlin and Warsaw.
• "Isaac Levitan" (1937)
• "Orest Kiprensky" (1937)
• "Taras Shevchenko" (1939)

The Meshchera region occupies a special place in Paustovsky’s work. Paustovsky wrote about his beloved Meshchera:

I found the greatest, simplest and most ingenuous happiness in the forested Meshchera region. Happiness of closeness to your land, concentration and inner freedom, favorite thoughts and hard work. Central Russia- and only to her - I owe most of the things I have written.

The story “Golden Rose” (1955) is dedicated to the essence of writing.

"The Tale of Life"

In 1945-1963, Paustovsky wrote his main work - the autobiographical “Tale of Life”. Various parts of the book were published in magazine versions as they were written.

“The Tale of Life” consists of six books: “Distant Years” (1946), “Restless Youth” (1954), “The Beginning of an Unknown Century” (1956), “A Time of Great Expectations” (1958), “Throw to the South” ( 1959-1960), “The Book of Wanderings” (1963). It was first published in full by Goslitizdat in 1962 in two volumes consisting of six books.

The German Slavist and literary critic V. Kazak wrote:

Regardless of the length of the work, Paustovsky’s narrative structure is additive, “in selection,” when episode follows episode; The predominant form of narration is in the first person, on behalf of the narrator-observer. More complex structures with the subordination of several lines of action are alien to Paustovsky's prose.

In 1958, the State Publishing House of Fiction published a six-volume collected works of the writer with a circulation of 225 thousand copies.

Bibliography

• Collected Works in 6 volumes. - M.: Goslitizdat, 1957-1958
• Collected works in 8 volumes + extras. volume. - M.: Fiction, 1967-1972
• Collected works in 9 volumes. - M.: Fiction, 1981-1986
• Selected works in 3 volumes. - M.: Russian book, 1995

Awards and prizes

• January 31, 1939 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor
• May 30, 1962 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor
• June 16, 1967 - Order of Lenin
• 1967 - Włodzimierz Pietrzak Prize (Poland).
• 1995 - Medal “For the Defense of Odessa” (posthumously).
• 1997 - Medal “For Courage” (posthumously).
• 2010 - Jubilee medal “65 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.” (posthumously).

Film adaptations

• 1935 - “Kara-Bugaz”
• 1957 - “Telegram” (short film)
• 1960 - “Northern Tale” (film)
• 1965 - “The Promise of Happiness” (film-play)
• 1967 - “The Disheveled Sparrow” (cartoon)
• 1971 - “Steel Ring” (film, film named after A. Dovzhenko, directed by Anatoly Kirik)
• 1973 - “Warm Bread” (cartoon)
• 1979 - “Steel Ring” (cartoon)
• 1979 - “Frog” (cartoon)
• 1988 - “Tenants of the Old House” (cartoon)
• 1983 - “A Soldier’s Tale” (cartoon)
• 1989 - “Basket with fir cones"(animated film using music by E. Grieg)
• 2003 - “Island without Love” (TV series; 4th episode “I’ll be waiting for you...” based on the story “Snow”)

In music

• 1962 - opera “Snow” by Alexander Friedlander, libretto by M. Loginovskaya (based on the story of the same name by K. G. Paustovsky)
• 1962 - ballet “Lieutenant

Konstantin Georgievich was born on May 19 (31), 1892 in Moscow in an Orthodox philistine family. However, in the first years of his life, Paustovsky moved a lot with his parents. He received his education at the classical gymnasium of Kyiv. While studying at the gymnasium, Paustovsky wrote his first story, “On the Water,” and published it in the Kiev magazine “Lights.”

Then, in 1912, he entered Kiev University, but soon continued his studies at the University of Moscow. There Paustovsky studied at the Faculty of Law. However, he was unable to complete his education: because of the war, he left the university.

Writer's creativity

After serving in the sanitary detachment, he worked a lot at various factories. And having moved to Moscow in 1917, he changed his job to a more intellectual one - he became a reporter.
If we consider short biography Paustovsky, in 1916 his first work, “Romantics,” was begun. Work on this novel lasted for 7 years and was completed in 1923, and the novel was published only in 1935.

When the civil war ended, Paustovsky settled in Kyiv, but did not stay there for long. Traveled a lot around Russia. During my trips, I tried to transfer my impressions onto paper. Only in the 1920s did works begin to be published in the biography of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky.

The first collection of stories, “Oncoming Ships,” was published in 1928.

The writer's popularity was brought to him by the story "Kara-Bugaz", published in 1932 by the publishing house "Young Guard". It was well received by critics, and they immediately singled out Paustovsky among other Soviet writers.

A special place in the writer’s work is occupied by stories and fairy tales about nature and animals for children. Among them: “Warm Bread”, “Steel Ring”, “Hare’s Paws”, “Badger Nose”, “Cat Thief” and many others.

Last years and death

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Paustovsky began working as a war correspondent. In 1956, as well as in 1961, collections with democratic content were published (“Literary Moscow”, “Tarussky Pages”), in which Paustovsky’s works were also published. The writer gained worldwide recognition in the mid-1950s. At this time he travels a lot around Europe. In 1965 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but did not receive it.

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky suffered from asthma for a long time and survived several heart attacks. The writer died on July 4, 1968 in Moscow and was buried in the Tarusa cemetery.

Other biography options

Biography test

A short test on the biography of Konstantin Paustovsky.

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky was born May 19 (31), 1892 in Moscow in the family of a railway statistician.

His father, according to Paustovsky, “was an incorrigible dreamer and a Protestant,” which is why he constantly changed jobs. After several moves, the family settled in Kyiv. Paustovsky studied at the 1st Kyiv Classical Gymnasium. When he was in the sixth grade, his father left the family, and Paustovsky was forced to earn his own living and study by tutoring.

In 1911-1913. K. Paustovsky studied at Kiev University at the Faculty of Natural History, then at the Faculty of Law at Moscow University, but did not graduate. A. Green had a huge influence on Paustovsky, especially in his youth. Paustovsky’s first short story “On the Water” ( 1912 ), written in the last year of study at the gymnasium, was published in the Kiev almanac “Lights”.

From 1913 to 1929. changed many professions. The First World War forced him to interrupt his studies. Paustovsky became a counselor on the Moscow tram and worked on an ambulance train. In 1915 with a field medical detachment he retreated along with the Russian army across Poland and Belarus.

After the death of his two older brothers at the front, Paustovsky returned to his mother in Moscow, but soon began a wandering life again. For a year he worked at metallurgical plants in Yekaterinoslav and Yuzovka and at a boiler plant in Taganrog. In 1916 became a fisherman in an artel on the Sea of ​​Azov.

In the early 20s Published in the newspaper “Sailor” (Odessa), “Mayak” (Batum). The first novel "Romantics" was written in 1916-1923. (publ. 1935 ); Almost without touching on the biographies of his heroes, Paustovsky turns exclusively to the life of feeling. His characters think about creativity, about “ bright words”, which you don’t need to be afraid of. Avoiding everyday words and impressions, they notice the unusual and touching in the surrounding landscape, human face, and this determines the style of the novel. As in the novel “Shining Clouds” ( 1929 ), the features of Paustovsky’s prose were clearly evident here: an emphasized interest in the good feelings of a person, in courage, trust, high nobility and mutual understanding.

February and October Revolution 1917 Paustovsky met in Moscow. After the victory of Soviet power, he began working as a journalist and “lived the intense life of newspaper editorial offices.” But soon the writer “spinned” again: he went to Kyiv, where his mother had moved, and survived several revolutions there during Civil War. Soon Paustovsky ended up in Odessa, where he fell in with young writers - I. Ilf, I. Babel, E. Bagritsky, G. Shengeli and others. After living for two years in Odessa, he left for Sukhum, then moved to Batum, then to Tiflis . Travels around the Caucasus led Paustovsky to Armenia and northern Persia.

In 1923 year Paustovsky returned to Moscow and began working as an editor at ROSTA. At this time, not only his essays, but also his stories were published. In 1928 Paustovsky's first collection of stories, “Oncoming Ships,” was published.

In early stories and short stories (“Fever”, 1925 ; "Labels for Colonial Products" 1928 ; "Black Sea", 1936 , etc.) dreams of distant countries, travel, meetings and separations occupy great place, subjugating other life circumstances.

Over the years, Paustovsky's prose changes significantly, but the writer never abandons its general flavor, which gave grounds to call this prose romantic. The belief that “true happiness is, first of all, the lot of those who know, and not the ignorant,” and the high ethical value of a person’s diverse knowledge about his land and its nature, determined the nature of the stories “Kara-Bugaz” ( 1932 ), "Colchis" ( 1934 ) and numerous stories. Paustovsky also turns to Russian history, still depicting only the highest human qualities.

After the publication of Kara-Bugaz, Paustovsky left the service and became a professional writer. He still traveled a lot, lived on the Kola Peninsula and in Ukraine, visited the Volga, Kama, Don, Dnieper and other great rivers, Central Asia, Crimea, Altai, Pskov, Novgorod, Belarus and other places. A special place in his work is occupied by the Meshchersky region, where Paustovsky lived for a long time alone or with fellow writers - A. Gaidar, R. Fraerman and others.

In the second half of the 30s K. Paustovsky publishes mainly short stories. They tend to have few events; the plot is drowned in a detailed, leisurely “lyrical” plot. In the series of stories “Summer Days” ( 1937 ) life is depicted as "leisurely happiness". The characters here are simple and sincere in their relationships with each other, they are trusting and uncalculating, devoid of pettiness and suspicion. These are stories about fishing - an activity that is done for recreation, stories about people whose real business is not shown, but only implied. Konstantin Georgievich increasingly writes about creativity, about the work of a person of art - artist, musician, writer: the books “Orest Kiprensky” ( 1937 ), "Taras Shevchenko" ( 1939 ), "The Tale of Forests" ( 1949 ), "Golden Rose" ( 1956 ) is a story about literature, about the “beautiful essence of writing,” about the value of a precisely found word. Paustovsky tells how many of his stories and stories were written, shows “that writer’s everyday material from which prose is born.”

During the Great Patriotic War, Paustovsky worked as a war correspondent and wrote stories, including “Snow” ( 1943 ) and "Rainy Dawn" ( 1945 ), which critics called the most delicate lyrical watercolors. In the 1950s Paustovsky lived in Moscow and Tarusa-on-Oka. He became one of the compilers of the most important collective collections of the democratic movement “Literary Moscow” ( 1956 ) and “Tarusa Pages” ( 1961 ). During the “thaw”, he actively advocated for the literary and political rehabilitation of writers persecuted under Stalin - Babel, Yu. Olesha, Bulgakov, A. Green, N. Zabolotsky and others.

In the post-war years, Paustovsky worked on the large autobiographical epic “The Tale of Life” (the first part “Distant Years”, 1945 ; second part “Restless Youth”, 1955 ; third part “The beginning of an unknown century”, 1957 ; fourth part “Time of Great Expectations”, 1959 ; fifth part “Throw to the South”, 1960 ; sixth part “Book of Wanderings”, 1963 ), which reflected the life of Russia in the first decades of the 20th century with the tremendous upheavals of wars and revolutions. A variety of facts, a thoughtful selection of memorable details of the motley life of the capital and province of the revolutionary years, countless famous and unknown persons outlined in a few strokes - all this makes the autobiographical books of K. Paustovsky an exciting literary document of the time. Konstantin Paustovsky's books have been translated into many foreign languages.

In the mid 1950s Paustovsky received worldwide recognition. Paustovsky got the opportunity to travel around Europe. He visited Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Turkey, Greece, Sweden, Italy and other countries; in 1965 lived on the island for a long time Capri. Impressions from these trips formed the basis for stories and travel sketches. 1950s–1960s“Italian Meetings”, “Fleeting Paris”, “Lights of the English Channel”, etc. Paustovsky’s work had a huge influence on writers belonging to the so-called “school of lyrical prose” - Y. Kazakova, S. Antonov, V. Soloukhin, V. Konetsky and others.