According to a representative of the Californian Institute of Technology Mike Brown, the new planet is larger than Pluto, which has a diameter of about 2,250 km, and is twice as far from the Sun. According to scientists, the distance to it is now 97 times the distance from the Earth to the Sun. The planet revolves around the Sun in approximately ten and a half thousand Earth years. And the orbital radius is 130 billion kilometers.
The object has not yet received an official name, but the discoverers are temporarily calling it 2003 UB313 or Sednaya - in honor of the sea deity of the Eskimo Inuit tribe.
The new planet was discovered by Michael Brown of Caltech, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii, and David Rabinowitz of Yale University.
In an interview with the BBC, Rabinowitz said: "This is an amazing day and an amazing year. 2003 UB313 is probably bigger than Pluto. It's less bright than Pluto, but it's three times as far away as it is. If only it were at the same distance as "Pluto, then it would be brighter than it. Now the world knows that there are other Plutos that are located on the outskirts of the solar system, where they are difficult to find."
The planet was discovered using the Samuel Oschin Telescope at the Palomar Observatory, as well as the Gemini North Telescope in Hawaii.
"The spectral samples obtained from Gemini are particularly interesting because they indicate that the surface of this planet is very similar to the surface of Pluto," said Chad Trujillo. It is composed mainly of rocks and ice.
2003 UB313's orbit is unlike those of other planets, possibly due to the influence of Neptune. Astronomers believe that at some point in the planet's history, Neptune's gravitational influence threw it into an orbit rotated 44 degrees to the ecliptic plane.
The new cosmic body was first noticed on October 21, 2003, but then scientists did not suspect that it was moving. Fifteen months later, in January 2005, telescopes were unable to detect it at the same point in the sky. Researchers say they were trying to pinpoint the planet's location using space telescope Spitzer, which records infrared radiation, but couldn't find her. From this it was concluded that the object was moving.
The upper limit of observational error under these conditions is 3 thousand km, which means that the diameter of the planet cannot be greater than this figure, scientists say. And even the lowest limit of observational error makes the new planet a larger celestial body than Pluto.
However, if the diameter of the cosmic body turns out to be only about 2 thousand km, the discovered object will fall from the category of planets under the definition of “planetoid”.
Nevertheless, heavenly body, presumably, has its own satellite. This explains the extremely long period of rotation of the find around its axis - from 20 to 50 days.
As Brown explained, 2003 UB313 will be visible in telescopes over the next six months in the constellation Cetus. He also admitted that scientists hoped to first double-check all the data and then only make the discovery public, but there was a leak of information. Previously, the Spaniards named the discovered cosmic body 2003 EL61, and the Americans - K40506A.
As BBC science commentator David Whitehouse points out, since the discovery of Neptune in 1846, this planet has become the largest celestial body discovered by astronomers in the solar system.
The International Astronomical Society has confirmed the discovery of the 10th planet in the solar system.It is located at twice the distance from the Sun than Pluto, which was previously considered the outermost planet of our system.
The new planet, which was observed by astronomers in California and Hawaii, has the temporary name 2003 UB313. It was discovered back in 2003, but only now has it been confirmed that this celestial body is a planet.
As BBC science columnist David Whitehouse points out, since the discovery of Neptune in 1846, this planet has become the largest celestial body discovered by astronomers in the solar system.
The diameter of the planet is approximately 3 thousand km. It is composed mainly of rocks and ice.Astronomers believe that at some point in the planet's history, Neptune's gravitational influence threw it into an orbit rotated 44 degrees to the ecliptic plane.
The planet is currently located at a distance of 97 astronomical units from the Sun.
More Pluto
The new planet was discovered by Michael Brown of the California Institute of Technology, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii, and David Rabinowitz of Yale University.
In an interview with the BBC, Rabinovich said: "It's an amazing day and an amazing year. 2003 UB313 is probably bigger than Pluto. It's less bright than Pluto, but it's three times further away."
"If it were at the same distance as Pluto, it would be brighter than it. Now the world knows that Pluto is not unique. There are other Plutos that are on the outskirts of the solar system, where they are difficult to find," he said .The planet was discovered using the Samuel Oschin Telescope at the Palomar Observatory, as well as the Gemini North Telescope in Hawaii.
Chad Trujillo told the BBC: "I feel incredibly lucky to be one of the people who made this remarkable discovery. It's not every day you find something the size of Pluto or even bigger."
"The spectral samples obtained from Gemini are particularly interesting because they indicate that the surface of this planet is very similar to the surface of Pluto."
Slow body
The planet was first discovered on October 21, 2003, but its displacement relative to the stars was noticed only 15 months later, on January 8, 2005.Researchers say they tried to locate the planet using the Spitzer Space Telescope, which detects infrared light, but were unable to find it.
The upper limit of observational error under these conditions is 3 thousand km, which means that the diameter of the planet cannot be greater than these figures, scientists say. And even the lowest limit of observational error makes the new planet a larger celestial body than Pluto.
The discovery of 2003 UB313 came immediately after the announcement of the discovery of 2003 EL61, a celestial body apparently slightly smaller in size than Pluto.
IN Lately studying space is coming so intensively that it is unlikely that anyone can be surprised by the message that it has been discovered tenth planet of the solar system.
Someone will even say: “Well, finally!” Much more people I wonder if there is intelligent beings in our system, except people. Or maybe they inhabit that very tenth planet?
So, where is it - the tenth planet of the solar system?
And so, again, many doubts, strife and disagreements arise. In mind latest events, beyond Pluto, the Americans discovered another planet - Eris. It is larger than Pluto and also has a satellite, Dysnomia. This discovery was made in 2003. Inspired by the find, they began to look for more planets in that area. This is how they learned about the existence of Sedna, Haumea and Makemake.
But perhaps these objects really were too small to be called planets. That is why, in 2006, it was customary to call all recently discovered objects, and along with them Pluto, trans-Neptunian objects.
It must be said that all these discoveries are not at all what humanity expects from astronautics. The need for new discoveries became especially acute by 2012, on December 21 of which the prophetic calendar of the Mayan Indians ends. As is known, the most accurate predictions were received precisely according to this calendar. So what does its ending mean then?
Scientists' opinions are divided: some believe that the end of the world will come due to a shift in the Earth's orbit or its axis, others argue that the end of the world will come new stage and thereby a change of eras will occur, and still others are convinced that they simply need to start counting over again. However, the end of the calendar pushed people to a number of discoveries and consideration of issues that they preferred to remain silent about.
So, where is she? tenth planet of the solar system, capable of becoming a new home for people? Or maybe it is this planet that will cause the death of the Earth? What will happen on a cosmic scale?
The tenth planet of the solar system and the Maya
Almost all the peoples of the Earth can find ancient drawings depicting people with halos above their heads, who were called angels and gods. In some places, these gods also had earthly children. For example, the line of Egyptian pharaohs began with the son of the sun god Ra. Considering how the pyramids were built, the help of aliens in this would not surprise anyone. The same is true with Altai dolmens and many other ancient structures.
According to the Mayan Indians, on the other side of the Sun, there is an unknown modern people, the tenth planet of the solar system is Nibiru, on which the gods live, periodically teaching earthlings and averting danger from them. If this is true, then people would have something to hope for.
The existence of the tenth planet of the solar system, which we cannot see due to the fact that it is located behind the Sun, rotating in its orbit parallel to the Earth with a similar period of revolution, was told in the legends of many peoples, as well as in the works of ancient astronomers. It turns out that Nibiru, which later became known as Gloria, has been seen through telescopes more than once. Moreover, based on the calculations of a number of great scientists of our time, if it really exists, then soon we will be able to observe its crescent in the night sky..
Works of Vacheria Uvarov
The great Russian astronomer Vachery Uvarov became famous throughout the world for proving the existence of the tenth planet of the solar system and even approximately calculating its dimensions. This man noticed long ago that one way or another, everything in the world obeys mathematical laws. Thanks to his conclusions, he made certain calculations proving the existence of another planet, which is problematic to observe due to its opposition. Perhaps this is the one mysterious planet, about which there are now many myths and theories.
Vachery Uvarov began his calculations with the fact that all large bodies of the Solar system have their own pair. This is the so-called law of doublet. After comparing all the parameters of the planets and their composition, the scientist divided the large bodies of the Solar System into two systems: the Jupiter system and the Saturn system. The first included Jupiter, Neptune, Earth and Mercury. The second group included Saturn, Uranus, Mars and Venus. There is one essential pattern in these series that every physicist can appreciate. Each planet in the row is exactly 18 times smaller than the previous one in size, weight and density.
The surprise of this theory was that in the solar system there is a body that, according to its parameters, should become the fifth in the series of planets of the Saturn system. This body is the Sun. Question: what is the doublet of the Sun in the Jupiter system? It would be impossible not to notice such an object - 18 times larger than Jupiter! Only a star can have such dimensions.
This discovery confirmed the legends that said that there were two Suns shining in the sky. It turns out that one of them simply went out a very, very long time ago. Moreover, most peoples of the world had such legends; Tibetan and Indian myths tell the most about the Raja-Sun. In addition, according to research, most of the stars in our galaxy are paired...
Later, the scientist drew a parallel between the satellites of such a solar system planet as Saturn. According to the laws of physics, the location of the satellites of this planet must be completely similar to the location of the planets around the Sun, and also the passage through the orbits of the planets must be the same as the passage through the orbits of the planets.
If calculated based on proportion, then all the satellites of Saturn are indeed located in proportion to the location of the planets around the Sun. But, at the distance at which the Earth’s orbit is located, Saturn has 2 satellites opposite each other. Their orbital movement is the greatest mystery - they never collide, but periodically change orbits.
Based on this, there must be another planet in Earth’s orbit, which can be seen only once every few hundred years. Judging by the climatic conditions that should be on the unknown tenth planet, there should be intelligent life there, just like on Earth.
There is further confirmation of the existence of another planet. It lies in the mutual movement of Mars and Venus, and also in the fact that Venus rotates against the movement of all the planets of the Solar System. Only the tenth planet of the solar system, unknown to us, which is several times more than Earth, can cause such a strange movement due to its gravity.
According to the size and location of Gloria, it simply must be inhabited. In addition, the satellites of Saturn, for which the analogy was drawn, periodically approach each other and change orbits. Therefore, it is possible that a highly developed population living on the tenth planet of the solar system once flew to Earth and, indeed, taught earthlings what they themselves knew.
Many ufologists unanimously claim that even the familiar Moon was attracted by the inhabitants of Gloria during one of the exchanges of orbits in order to add mass to the Earth. They say that otherwise, the Earth would simply float away from its orbit, far beyond Mars, and all life on it could die.
Perhaps the existence of a tenth planet in the solar system is a reasonable explanation for many of the mysteries of the human world, including unidentified flying objects, crop circles, and even the construction of many ancient structures and drawings.
The discovery of Eris has become one of the astronomical sensations of recent times. Today it is the most large object discovered in the solar system since the discovery of Neptune in 1846.
The provisional name 2003 UB313 was assigned automatically. Located 97 AU from the Sun and known as 2003 UB313, or Xena, the new object was discovered by scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) on October 21, 2003. The discoverers, followed by NASA and some media outlets, declared this object the tenth planet of the solar system, but on August 24, 2006, the International Astronomical Union approved the definition of a planet, according to which 2003 UB313 is not one. The object was classified as a “dwarf planet”. On June 11, 2008, the IAU announced the introduction of the concept of plutoid, which referred to dwarf planets Eris and Pluto. Accordingly, there are only eight planets left.
The orbit is highly elongated, the maximum distance to the Sun is 97.61 AU. e. (14.6023 billion km), minimum - 37.808 a. e. (5.65598 billion km). The period of revolution around the Sun is 557 years, and the orbit is inclined at an angle of 44.177° to the ecliptic plane.
In April 2006, the results of measurements of the diameter and albedo of the object, carried out using the space telescope named after. Hubble. It turned out that the diameter of Eris is 2400±100 km (only 6% larger than the diameter of Pluto).
The name "Eris" (lat. Eris) in honor of greek goddess was adopted by the International Astronomical Union on September 13, 2006. In mythology, Eris is known for causing a quarrel between the gods, giving them the very apple of discord, which resulted in the Trojan War.
The planet has a discovered satellite Dysnomia ((136199) Eris I Dysnomia), about 150 km in diameter. The orbital period of Dysnomia around Eris is approximately 16 Earth days.
The mass of Eris was determined due to the presence of a satellite; it is greater than the mass of Pluto and is equal to 1.66 * 1022 kg. Its density is close in value to the density of both Pluto and various Kuiper belt asteroids.
This object should not be confused with other large trans-Neptunian objects, in particular Sedna and Santa 2003 EL61.
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Astronomers Trujillo and Sheppard suspected the existence of Planet Nine back in 2014. They claimed to have discovered a large celestial body at a distance of 250 astronomical units from the Sun.
In 2016, astronomers Brown and Batygin tried to refute the research of their colleagues, but came to the conclusion that the object still exists. According to them, the new planet is similar to Earth and weighs 10 times more. It, like Neptune, consists entirely of gas.
Ninth planet from the Sun
The planet under the mysterious name “X” (symbol of the mysterious) has been revolving around the star for 15 thousand years. Relative to the Earth's orbit, the orbit of the ninth planet is elongated and inclined. Scientists suggest that it appeared 4.5 billion years ago. At that time, there were five massive protoplanets, four of which are modern Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn and Neptune. Three million years later, the gravity of the first two planets shifted Planet X a huge distance from Neptune's orbit. The celestial object is located so far from the Sun that it is impossible to track its radiation using modern telescopes. Existence new planet its influence on nearby celestial objects in the Kuiper belt has been proven. But these assumptions are indirect.
What does a mystery planet look like?
Supposedly, Planet X may be covered in ice like Uranus and Neptune.
The atmosphere of these celestial bodies consists of hydrogen, hydrocarbons and helium, and the mantle underneath is made of methane, water and ammonia ice. Beneath its surface is a core of silicates and metals. Therefore, a newly discovered object may have the same core and mantle, but with a less dense atmosphere.
Scientists about the celestial object
Astronomers' opinions are divided: some doubt the existence of Planet X, others prove its presence in the Solar System. Spanish scientists Raul and Carlos de la Fuente Marcos studied the properties of celestial bodies located in the Kuiper belt. The anomalous movement of comets and asteroids is explained by the influence on them of a massive body with a semi-axis from 300 to 400 astronomical units.
The future of the new planet is unclear, since it has not yet been sufficiently explored. It will be possible to speak about it with confidence only after years of careful observations. But the fact that at a distance of 48 AU from the only star in the solar system there is a break in the Kuiper belt cannot be explained. It is likely that this was caused by a massive space object.
Does the tenth planet exist?
Incredibly, the ninth planet may not be the last in the solar system. Scientists from Arizona have discovered an object close to the size of Mars in the Kuiper Belt. According to their calculations, the hypothetical planet is 50 AU away from the Sun, and the inclination of its orbit relative to the Earth’s is eight degrees.
Planet X does not affect the celestial body, since it is located far from the second “Mars”.
Using the new wide-field telescopes LSST and JWST will allow us to study new planets more thoroughly. This will help refute or prove the existence of mysterious space objects, and will also facilitate their investigation if detected.
