N and NN IN PARTIES

Passive participles the past tense, like adjectives, can be used in full and short forms.

In full passive participles of the past tense, two letters H are always written, in short ones - one. This must be remembered.

In the example, That temple, built of logs, was once a beautiful village(P.A. Vyazemsky) full participle built written with NN.

In a sentence Wooden temples in the mountains, whenever they are built, seem to be millennia old(R. Rakhmatullin) the short form of the participle is used built, therefore one N.

Two more examples:

Know: no forces will bend a people in love with beauty and work(O. Bergholz) ( enamored- full form, two H);

They are in love with the water, the piano, the mirrors... (M. Tsvetaeva) ( in love- short form, written one H).

Passive past participles with suffixes -нн- and-enn-, written with two Hs, must be distinguished from single-root verbal adjectives with suffixes, in which both one and two N. can be written.

Two H are written in the following cases.

1. In adjectives formed from the verbs ending in-to or to-to (regardless of the type of the verb), for example:

pamper(НСВ) - spoiled,

organize(SV) - organized,

paint over(SV) - painted.

Note... In verbs forge and chew and, accordingly, in adjectives forged and chewed, the combinations -оv- and -оv- are part of the root and do not affect the spelling of Н and НН.

2. Two H are written in adjectives formed from verbs perfect kind(with and without attachments):

absent-minded← scatter(SV),

pampered← pamper(SV),

bought← buy(SV),

abandoned← quit(SV).

Exception make up adjectives smart(child), named(brother), planted(father) and noun dowry(brides).

3. The combination НН is written in some adjectives formed from non-prefixed verbs imperfect, the spelling of which you need to remember:

unprecedented, unheard of, unforeseen, inadvertent, unexpected, unexpected, desired, slow, sacred.

One N is written in adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs without dependent words, because in the presence of dependent words, these are no longer adjectives, but participles, which should be written in full form only with two N.

Notes (edit)

When writing N and NN in verbal adjectives, remember the following:

a) The prefix NOT does not affect the spelling of Н and НН, cf.:

b) C complex adjectives type little-looked, new-born the number of H is determined by the spelling of the verbal adjective, for example:

fresh frozen yen th from frozen← freeze (NSV) - one H,

fresh frozen yenn th from frozen← freeze (CB) - two N.

c) One should distinguish between the spelling of short passive past participles, in which one H is always written, and short verbal adjectives of the same root, in which as many H are written as in full form.

Let's compare two examples: The terrain is bounded by mountains and .

In the first sentence there is a dependent word in the form of the instrumental case: limited (by what?) By mountains - this is an indicator of a short participle. In addition, the passive past participle, having rearranged the sentence, can be replaced with a past tense verb: The mountains have limited the area - this means that we have a participle in front of us, one should write N.

In the second sentence Gogol's Box is stupid and limited substitution of the dependent word in the instrumental case is impossible, since the word is used in figurative meaning: limited means ‘stupid’, ‘dull-witted’. In addition, the sentence contains a homogeneous non-verbal adjective dumb (from dumb), which means that it is limited - this is a short form of the verbal adjective limited from a verb of the perfect form to limit, therefore, you need to write two H, as in the full form.

Other examples:

The clouds are scattered and By the end of the semester, students are scattered.

In the first sentence, it is possible to substitute a dependent word in the instrumental case: scattered (by what?) By the wind is a participle with one H. and since it is formed from a perfective verb and has HH in its full form, then two H are written in short form.

Participle and adjective. These two parts of speech have so much in common that it is often difficult to tell which is which. But from correct definition error-free spelling depends. This also applies to the rules governing the use of H and HH in adjectives and participles.

Communion: one or two n

Participle - verb form, which contains both verbal and adjective features. Thinking about how many letters H to use in writing the participle, keep in mind that in this part of speech there are always two N.

However, there is a special group - verbal participles. N and NN and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be discussed in detail below, but for now we will give examples to the main rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- two letters H are always written, provided:

1. The participle has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of the participle of dependent words: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. It's a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captive warrior.
4. A verb with a suffix participated in the formation of the participle -ova - (- eva-, -irova-): asphalt road (asphalt), explored area (to explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One H in adjectives

The situation with adjectives is much more complicated. Here the spelling of one N or two depends on many factors.

Consider the cases when one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an - (- yang-)... The first, as a rule, refers to the animal (eagle beak, cock's tail, swan fidelity). The second indicates what the item is made of: leather belt, oil paint (oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oiled in the meaning soaked in oil - buttered pancake), a silver spoon (also should be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - meaning y the word "processed with silver", the word in this sense has the suffix -en-). This item has three words that are exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
2. In adjectives, in the formation of which no part of speech (antiderivatives) participated: blue, young. Such adjectives do not have a suffix.
3. The exclusion word is an adjective windy, here it is required to write one H, however, its derivatives with prefixes will have HN: the weather was calm, we came from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word with another lexical meaning: windmill (powered by wind) - wind turbine, chickenpox.

НН in adjectives

НН should be written for adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed with suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (conceive).
3. Ending in -Owned (-Evened): spoiled, painted, organized.

Verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbs. It is with their distinction that mistakes are made in the text, the rule N and NN are incorrectly applied in participles. Why? The fact is that they have a very pronounced action meaning: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule "spelling H and HN in participles" does not apply to them. In the verbal forms of the adjective, one N. is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that we are dealing with this particular part of speech:

1. Lack of a prefix. Let's compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule "H and HN in participles" is applicable to it - HH should be used. But the first is a verbal adjective that must be written with one N.
2. Lack of dependent words. Let us compare: a confused trail - a trail confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective, in which we write one H (there are no dependent words). They are in the second case - we write, according to the rule "N and NN in participles", with two N.

Verb adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling of H and HH in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing in which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that in the participle, two H are required, and in the verbal adjective one. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the decanter . To begin with, let's determine the presence of a prefix: the verb "boil" is used in the formation of the word, respectively, the prefix is ​​absent. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. They are not here. If these two points do not coincide, then, most likely, we have a verbal adjective in front of us. The only thing left to do is to check what kind of verb the word is derived from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect view). This means that the rule "spelling N and NN in participles" does not work here. This is an adjective - we write one letter N.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the decanter . We look at the presence of the prefix: boiled, formed from the verb "boil" using the prefix -s-... Although we could stop at this, apply the rule "H and HH in participles" and write two H, we will check further. Have a word « boiled "is a dependent word -" recently ", which means that we have before us uniquely a participle.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using H and HH in participle suffixes boils down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is the participle where NN is written. If there is neither one nor the other, we check the form of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one N, perfect - NN.

Spelling N and NN in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of N or NN in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective name answers the questions “what is? », “What is? » In this form, as many H letters are required as are used and in full form: solemn speech- speech is solemn, a long way - the way is long, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded soldier - a fighter is wounded, windy weather - windy weather, a confused rule - a confused rule.

In short participles, one H is always used, even if there are two of them in full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, a newspaper read - a newspaper read, a poem written - a poem written, a house built - a house built.

The spelling of N or NN in the passive participles is one of those rules that regularly occur in dictations, essays and tests.

First of all, remember the rule:

In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters H are written, for example, SAWED TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter H is written, for example, CUTTING TREES.

But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, in order to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember four conditions under which two letters H are written:

1) the participle has a prefix (except for NOT-), for example, YOU-DRIED MUSHROOMS;

2) the participle was formed from a perfect verb, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb SOLVE (what to do? - perfect);

3) the participle has dependent words, for example, DRIED (where?) MUSHROOMS IN THE FURNACE;

4) The participle is formed from the verb with the help of the suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, for example, VZVOLN-OVA-NNOE PERSON.

If the word does not have any of these features, then it is written with one N.

In addition, there are several words with two letters H, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize the words-exceptions: UNSEEN, UNEXPECTED, UNEXPECTED, UNEXPECTED, UNEXPECTED, DESIRED, COUGHTED, SACRED, PROSPECTED.

Samples of reasoning.

(1) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase LAST_GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the participle has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that this word must be written with two H: FOR-LEGENDED GARDEN.

(2) How many H do you need to write in the participle from the phrase BROOCH LOOK?
First of all, we look to see if the participle has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, the next step must be taken: to determine the kind of verb from which this participle was formed. BROOCH was formed from the verb THROW (what to do?) This is a perfect verb, which means that two letters H must be written in the participle: ABOUT LOOK.

(3) How many H should you write in the participle from the phrase HEAT IN THE OVEN FISH? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: HEAT__AY (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the participle, you must write two letters H: FRIED IN THE OVEN FISH.

(4) How many H do you need to write in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -ОВА-, it is necessary to write two letters H: ASPHALTIR-OVA-NNOE HIGHWAY.

(5) How many N do you need to write in the word PLATE_AAYA from the phrase PLATE_AAYA BASKET? Since it has no prefix, no dependent words, no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from an imperfect verb PLASTY (what to do?), You need to write one letter H: WICKER BASKET.

THE EXERCISE

“How can I not love him?” She said to herself, penetrating into his frightened and at the same time happy look.

Levin immediately thought about it, but in spite of this, he decided that such views of Sviyazhsky at him were only his unsubstantiated assumption ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

Well, the guest is not invited,
Perhaps the father will come in! I ask you to serve with the young lady in love oh!

Weaved scarlet ribbons for her
In two blond braids,
Flowers, outfits brought
Invisible beauty.

Who wants to come to us - if you please;
The door is unlocked for called and uninvited ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Parsley, you are always with a new thing,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

... Information was requested from a hostile ministry about the measures that were applied in the last decade ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

And that consumptive, akin to you, the enemy of books,
The academic committee that settled ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

And then she thinks -
God knows why -
That the sky is starry - with sand
A sprinkled leaf,
Day and night on the way
Wonderfully sweeter carriage ...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian women")

Levin came to Moscow always agitated, hasty, a little embarrassed and irritated by this embarrassment and mostly with a completely new, unexpected outlook on things.
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

No, to this cut down forest
I won't be lured
Where there were oaks up to heaven
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

I drove to the serf ballet in many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children ?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Stepan Arkadyevich has already gone downstairs to his room, undressed, washed again, put on a corrugated nightgown and lay down ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill.
Hardly four versts per hour
Zakova is coming;
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian women")

With a face disfigured with passion, pale and with a trembling lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began to pull at the reins ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

Daria Alexandrovna's eyes dashed to this elegant, unseen carriage ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

Finally married his daughter,
He took a pride - shish, in the service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

She remembered how she told almost the confession that her husband's young subordinate made to her in Petersburg ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

For dinner we arrived: the old cousin of Aleksey Aleksandrovich ... ... and one young man recommended to Aleksey Aleksandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

To the pen from the cards? and to the cards from the pen?
And the right hour of the ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

I'm running, I won't look back, I'm going to look around the world,
Where there is a corner of the offended feeling! ..
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Stepan Arkadyevich ... in this comic courting ... and went so far that he no longer knew how to get out ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

What are the more courteous names of such people?
Tenderer? - he is a secular person,
Notorious swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonich Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

For the fact that he softened the anger of the guest,
I wanted to praise.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

You sit there for an hour
You will not oppress a cheerful mind
Works meanwhile ...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian women")

Spelling n and nn in participles

1. In the full forms of the passive past participles, formed from the perfect form (both prefixed and non-prefixed), it is written nn, for example: bought, corrected, named, paired, cut off, decided, dried up, abandoned, captured, given, forced, punished, worked out, built-in, etc.

Exceptions: with one n verbal (formed from the perfective) adjectives that are part of stable combinations, for example: a goner, a forgiveness Sunday, a named brother, a planted father.

Note 1. The above passive participles can also be used in the sense of an adjective, but this does not affect their spelling, for example: a seasoned person (with endurance), this case(this one), an interested conversation (of interest), an emaciated old man (very tired).

2. In verbal adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs, one is written n, for example: edged, dried, fried, boiled, soaked, boiled, ironed, forged, mowed, sheared, washed, broken, paved, braided, laden, melted, frozen, and also wounded (although formed from the two-species verb wound). With one n the adjective smart is written.

Exceptions: With two n verbal adjectives are written, formed from non-prescriptive imperfective verbs: seen, seen, done, desired, heard, counted, unexpected-unexpected.

Note 1. The above verbal adjectives, in the presence of dependent words, go into the category of participles and are written with two n for example: cobblestone streets, wagons laden with forest, a soldier wounded in the leg, a boy with a haircut by a hairdresser.

Note 2. With two n verbal adjectives are written, formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs with suffixes -ovan (-yowan), for example: spoiled, risky, uprooted, lined. In verbal adjectives, forged, chewed combinations s (s) are part of the root, not the suffix.

3. The presence of a particle does not affect the spelling of passive participles and verbal adjectives not-, for example: unresolved issues, disinterested persons, unknown land; untouched paths, unpainted wall, uninvited guest, unmown meadow.

4. The distinction between passive participles and adjectives formed from them (thereby clarifying the question of writing nn-n) is sometimes produced not on a formal basis, but on a semantic basis. For example, in the sentence Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks the word wounded - a participle and is written with two n, despite the absence of a prefix and explanatory words with it: it retains its verb meaning.

Note 1. In combinations of ironed-ironed trousers, patched-patched fur coat, worn-worn suit, washed-washed linen, read-re-read book, darned-darned stockings, etc., for the sake of uniformity, both words should be written with one n... In addition, the second part of complex formations, despite the fact that it is formed from perfective verbs, obeys the word as a whole, which has the meaning of an adjective.

Note 2. The spelling of verbal adjectives also does not change in the composition compound words, for example: plain dyed, one-piece, homespun, gold-forged, low-wooded, little-worn, little-worn, lightly salted, finely crushed, freshly quenched, fresh-frozen, etc. (compare with similar adjectives, in which the second part of a compound word is formed from the prefix verb: smooth-frozen, freshly colored and etc.).

5. In nouns formed from passive participles and verbal adjectives, two are written n or one n according to the producing basis, for example:

• 1) a dowry, foster child, tributary, elect, priest, henchman, drowned man;

2) dumplings, smoked meats, ice cream, martyr, toiler, student.

6. In adverbs formed from verbal adjectives, so many are written n, how many adjectives in full forms, for example: to smile pretensely, to appear unexpectedly, to explain confusedly.

7. In short forms of passive participles, unlike full participles, one is always written n, in short forms of verbal adjectives are written as many n, how many in full forms. Wed:

The democratic public is agitated (participle: agitated) by reports of ethnic clashes. - The actor's performance was heartfelt and excited (adjective: full of excitement).

Many of them were brought closer to the court and were exalted (communion: they were exalted). - Their ideals and aspirations were exalted (adjective: noble and deep).

Their children are brought up (sacrament: they were brought up) in the spirit of progressive ideas. - This girl's manners show that she is tactful and well-mannered (adjective: good behavior).

Sometimes simple questions are artificially confused (participle: they are confused). - The plots of these works are complex and confusing (adjective: difficult to understand).

You are always lucky, you seem to be spoiled (participle: you were spoiled) by fate. - With the wrong upbringing, children are usually capricious and spoiled (adjective: spoiled by self-indulgence, capricious, pampered).

These conclusions are substantiated (participle: they were substantiated) by the very logic of the research. - The demands presented to us are arbitrary and unreasonable (adjective: unconvincing).

The scope of the work was limited (participle: they were limited) by the allotted funds. - Its capabilities are limited (adjective: small).

The doctors were concerned (the sacrament: they were concerned) about the patient's condition. “The storm was intensifying, and the faces of the sailors were serious and worried (adjective: restless).

The court found no corpus delicti in this case, and the accused were acquitted (participle: they were acquitted). - Emergency measures in these conditions were necessary and fully justified (adjective: having an explanation).

All options further play are thought out to the end by a chess player (participle: he thought them over). - The answers of the examinees were informative and thoughtful (adjective: reasonable, reasonable).

Note 1. Some verbal adjectives in compound words are written in full form with two n, and in short - with one n eg: recognized superiority - superiority recognized, fresh frozen berries - fresh frozen berries.

Note 2. In some verbal adjectives, double spelling is allowed in a short form, depending on the meaning and construction: in the presence of dependent words, one is written n, in the absence - two n, for example: Sister intends to leave soon. “His audacity is intentional. We are devoted to the Motherland. - Old friends are always loyal. Our athletes are confident of victory. - The movements of the gymnasts are light and confident. She is not interested in the success of this endeavor. - The listeners' faces are interested.

1.With one letter n are written:

1). Non-derivative adjectives: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in such adjectives. The letter n is part of the root.

2). Named adjectives with the suffix -н: winter (from: winter), summer (from: summer).

3). Named adjectives with the suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. With the meaning "name of material, substance"), and -in: mouse, passerine (adj. With the meaning "belonging").

Exception:

wooden, pewter, glass write with two letters nn.

4). Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: fried meat.

Exception:

Write with two letters nn words from the list:
given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, done, cutesy, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, hammered, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unexpected

Do not confuse!

The exclusion list does not include the words uninvited, uninvited, named which are consonant with the above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice, uninvited guest,named brother.

5). Short adjectives in the form male singular: advice is valuable - (m.r.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms, if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from full form with one letter n: red), red sun, red girls.

7). Adverbs in -o and -e, formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat.

2.With two letters nn are written:

1). Named adjectives with the suffix -н, if the root of the noun ends with a letter n: autumn, spring, sleepy.

2). Named adjectives with suffixes -enn, -onn: alphabetic, portioned.

Exception:

windy man, windmill , chicken pox, but windless day,leeward side.

3). Verbal adjectives with the -nn suffix: grungy area, defective thing.
Understand how the word is formed: defective ← reject + nn.
Write the suffix -nn in verbal adjectives formed from the derivative stem with the suffixes: -ёva // - ova, -eva: uprooted ← uproot, formed ← form.

It is easier to remember this: adjectives in ёva + nn + oy, ova + nn + oy, eva + nn + oy.

4). Exception adjectives:

Exception: wood, tin, glass write with two letters - nn .
Exception: the, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captive, bereft, sacred, read, desperate, hammered, accursed, unheard of, unprecedented, inadvertent, unforeseen(see paragraph 5).

5). Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written composition, mittens knitted (by whom?) By a grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list of words for memorization in step 5 along with other examples).

6). Short adjectives formed from the full two-letter form nn(except for the m.r. singular form, in which there is always one letter n): the night is moonless, advice is valuable.

7). Adverbs in -о and -е formed from adjectives with two letters nn: sincerely, deliberately, calmly.