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Types of ships - domestic classification. Types of ships: names with photos

Currently, a ship is called a warship. Tankers, bulk carriers, dry cargo ships, passenger liners, container ships, icebreakers and other representatives of the technical fleet of civil or merchant fleets are not included in this category. But once, at the dawn of shipping, when humanity was still filling the white spaces on the sailing directions with the vague outlines of new islands and even continents, any sailboat was considered a ship. On board each of them were guns, and the team consisted of desperate fellows, ready to do anything for the sake of profit and romance of distant wanderings. Then, in these troubled centuries, there was a division into types of ships. The list, taking into account modern additions, would be very long, so it is worth focusing on sailboats. Well, maybe some rowboats can be added.

galleys

Getting on them is an unenviable share. Such a punishment in ancient times awaited inveterate criminals. And in Ancient Egypt, and in Finland, and in Hellas they already were. Over time, other types of ships appeared, but galleys were used until the Middle Ages. Home driving force the same convicts served, but they were sometimes assisted by sails, straight or triangular, mounted on two or three masts. According to modern concepts, these ships were not large, their displacement was only 30-70 tons, and the length rarely exceeded 30 meters, but in those days the size of the ships was not gigantic at all. The rowers sat in rows, according to historians, no more than three horizontal tiers. The armament of the galleys is represented by ballistas and bow rams, in later centuries these combat means supplemented by artillery. The move, that is, the speed of movement, was controlled by the overseers, setting the rhythm with special tambourines, and, if necessary, with a whip.

barks

The types of sailing ships are little known to our contemporaries, but some of them are still familiar from regularly held parades and international regattas. The barges Sedov and Kruzenshtern have been preserved in Russia. These ships not only demonstrate their beauty to the whole world, but also contribute to the education of young sailors who practice on them in the traditions

So, a bark (the name of the species comes from the Flemish word "bark") is a ship with three to five masts. All of her sails are straight, with the exception of the oblique rigging of the mizzen (stern mast). Barks - the ships are quite large, for example, the Kruzenshtern has a length of about 115 meters, a width of 14 meters, a crew of 70 people. Since it was built in 1926, when steam engines were already widespread, its design also includes an auxiliary power plant with a capacity of almost one and a half thousand kilowatts, loaded at two constant steps. Even today the speed of the ship does not seem low; under sail, the speed of this barge reaches 17 knots. The purpose of the type, in general, is common for the merchant fleet of the 19th century - the delivery of mixed cargo, mail and passengers along sea lines.

The brigantine raises the sails

In fact, the same barges, but with two masts, are called brigantines. All differ in their purpose and navigable qualities. Brigantines stand out for their speed and lightness. Sailing equipment is mixed, on the fore (front mast) the sails are straight, and on the mainsail oblique. Favorite ship of pirates of all seas. AT historical sources brigantines are mentioned with the so-called "Bermuda grotto", that is, a triangular sail stretched between the lyktros and the luff, but not one of the surviving representatives of the species can boast of it. However, these nuances are of interest only to specialists.

Frigates

As the fleet developed, some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, and still others took on a different meaning. A frigate is an example. This concept survived later types such as ironclads, dreadnoughts and even battleships. True, a modern frigate roughly corresponds to the Soviet concept of a large anti-submarine ship, but it sounds shorter and somehow more beautiful. In the original sense, it means a three-masted ship with one artillery deck for 20-30 guns. By the word "frigate" since the XVII century for a long time the adjective "Dunkirk" was added, meaning the predominant use in a separate zone of the maritime theater of operations adjacent to the Pas de Calais. This type was fast. Then, as the radius of autonomy increased, they began to be called simply frigates. Displacement - average for that time, approximately The most famous Russian frigate was called "Pallada", on it in 1855 a glorious expedition was undertaken to the shores East Asia under the command of Admiral E. V. Putyatin.

caravels

“She passed like a caravel ...” - is sung in a famous pop song. It doesn't hurt to study the species before writing lyrics for future hits. The compliment turned out to be somewhat ambiguous. Not every girl wants to be compared with a lifting, large and rather heavy vessel. In addition, the nose of the caravel is turned up high, which can also be seen as an undesirable hint.

However, basically this type, of course, has good seaworthiness. He is most famous for the fact that Columbus made his expedition to the shores of the New World precisely on three caravels (Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina). Outwardly, they can be distinguished by the mentioned raised tanks (bow superstructures), as well as by sailing equipment. There are three masts, with straight foresails, and the rest with latin (oblique) sails.

Appointment - distant sea and transoceanic campaigns.

From the word "caravel" morphologically comes Russian word"ship". It gave the name to the famous French passenger airliner, very beautiful.

Clippers

For fast navigation, all types of ships are created, they are not always remembered, but there are exceptions. Someone will say the word "cruiser", and then everyone around will think something - some "Aurora", others "Varyag". As for clippers, there is only one option - “Cutty Sark”. This vessel with a long and narrow hull has gone down in history for several reasons, but its main and most important quality was its speed. It was the lot of clippers and their crews to deliver tea from China, quickly bring mail to distant colonies, and carry out especially delicate tasks for the queen. And these ships did their work until the advent of steamships, and in some cases even later.

galleons

Going through the old types of warships, one cannot help but recall the Great Armada, which competed with the British fleet in the 16th century. The main unit of this formidable force was the Spanish galleon. Not a single sailing ship of that time could compare in perfection with it. At its core, this is an improved caravel, with a reduced superstructure of the tank (that very “upturned nose” has practically disappeared) and an elongated hull. As a result, the old Spanish shipbuilders achieved increased stability, reduced wave resistance and, as a result, increased speed. Maneuverability has also improved. Other types of warships XVI century looked shorter and too high next to the galleon (this was a drawback, it is easier to hit such a target). The outlines of the poop (stern superstructure) acquired rectangular shape, and the conditions of the crew became more comfortable. It was on the galleons that the first latrines (latrines) appeared, hence the origin of the word.

The displacement of these "battleships of the 16th century" ranged from 500 to 2 thousand tons. Finally, they were very beautiful, they were decorated with skillful carvings, and the nose was crowned with a majestic sculpture.

Schooners

There are types of large ships that have become "workhorses" designed to carry a wide variety of goods. Schooners occupy a special place among them. These are multi-masted vessels, distinguished by the fact that at least two of their rigs are oblique. They are topsail, staysail, Bermuda or gaff, depending on which masts are equipped with slanting sails. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the line between a two-masted brahmsel or topsail schooner and a brigantine is very arbitrary. This type has been known since the 17th century. The greatest distribution he reached in the American merchant fleet, in particular Wolf Larsen, the character of Jack London, with his team hunts precisely on a schooner. Compared to it, other types of ships are more difficult to manage (According to J. London, this process is accessible even to a lone sailor). Most often, schooners were two- and three-masted, but there are cases when the equipment was much more numerous. A peculiar record was set in 1902, when a ship with seven masts was launched (Thomas Double Lawson, Quincy shipyard).

Other types of ships

Photos of sailboats that arrived at the international regatta from all over the world are published in newspapers, magazines and on website pages. Such a parade is always an event, the beauty of these ships is incomparable with anything. Barges, brigantines, corvettes, frigates, clippers, keches, yachts represent all types of ships that, fortunately, have survived to this day. This spectacle distracts from everyday life and takes the viewer into the past centuries, full of adventures and romance of distant wanderings. A real sailor must master the art of sailing navigation, as they say in many countries, including ours. Having climbed up the shrouds, unfolded the sails and breathed in the free wind of the sea, you can take your seats at the modern control panels of dry cargo ships, bulk carrier tankers and cruise liners. You can safely trust such a sailor with the fate of the cargo and the lives of passengers, he will not let you down.

TYPES OF OLD WARSHIPS:

Galley - propelled warship, out of use since the twentieth century

Galley "Dvina", 1721

The frigate is the most common class of sailing warship. This is a three-masted sailing ship, second in strength after the sailing ship of the line.

Frigate "Shlisselburg", 1704

Corvette - military sailing ship, mainly intended for reconnaissance. In the second half of the 19th century. out of use.

Corvette "Vityaz", 1883

Fireship - predominantly a sailing ship of any type, stuffed with explosives and flammable substances, designed to make contact with an enemy ship and set it on fire and explode.

Brander Ilyina

Ship of the line (sailing) - a sailing three-masted wooden ship with gun ports in the sides on decks 2-4. In the 19th century out of use.

Battleship "St. Paul", 1794

NEW TYPES OF WARSHIPS:

The battleship is a heavy artillery ship designed to destroy ships of all types and establish dominance at sea.

Battleship "Prince Potemkin Tauride", 1903

A squadron battleship is a heavy artillery ship adapted to conduct artillery combat as part of squadrons.

Squadron battleship "Alexander II", 1886

Battleship - in the twentieth century, a new class of artillery ships appeared designed for combat in the form of a duel, as well as allowing you to focus the fire of a number of ships on the enemy.

Battleship Kostenko

Battleship "Empress Maria", 1913.

A battlecruiser is a ship that is comparable in firepower to a battleship, but due to the weakened armor, it is faster.

Battlecruiser "Kronstadt"

MODERN TYPES OF WARSHIPS:

Cruiser - A ship that operates independently of the rest of the fleet. One of the most popular warships
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Armored cruiser "Russia", 1895

Anti-submarine ship - a ship designed to destroy submarines. With the help of radar, he tracks down the submarine, then the helicopters on board take off and destroy the submarine with missiles. There are also torpedoes on board the ship.

"Admiral Vinogradov", 1987

Destroyer - a destroyer, characterized by small (compared to cruisers and battleships) size and cost. The main weapons of the destroyer are torpedoes.

Destroyer "Kashin"

An aircraft carrier is a warship that carries aircraft. The deck of the ship provides the possibility of takeoff and landing for aircraft. The aircraft carrier is equipped with a radio station, which allows you to maintain contact with the aircraft taking off.

Aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov"

Arsenal ship - a ship that is a mobile missile system.

Landing ship - a warship designed to transport and land amphibious assault.

Landing ship "Caesar Kunikov"

A submarine is a vessel that can navigate underwater. It sinks and rises thanks to reservoirs. Mainly used as a weapon to hit targets. Modern submarines operate on nuclear reactor and equipped with nuclear weapons.

Submarine "Nerpa"

Since ancient times, and to this day, the navy is the backbone of almost any country that has access to the sea. Someone has powerful ultra-modern ships, someone calls a few old boats a fleet. But the essence is the same for everyone, these ships guard the expanses of water.

The warship has come a long way from biremes and galleys to modern nuclear submarine missile carriers and aircraft carriers. But the sailors, like no one else, observe traditions, especially in the names and classification of ships.

Warships before the 20th century

In ancient times, the bulk of ships adapted for coastal navigation were divided according to the number of rows of oars. The presence of a large number of rowers who required a large number of food, did not contribute to the development of long-distance navigation.

With the advent of the sail, the development of the fleet and the enlargement of ships began. Along with the development of navigational instruments and technologies, the fleet developed, which by the 15th century made it possible to make the first major voyages across the oceans.

The wealth of the New World spurred European shipbuilders, and already in the 16th century, the design of warships began to develop and become more complicated. A little later, the fleet will begin to be divided into classes and ranks. At that time, either the number of guns or the ship's sailing armament was considered the main criterion.

Ships, depending on the number of guns, fell into the 1st rank (about 100 guns and more), 2nd rank (about 90 guns), 3rd rank (about 75) and so on, up to rank 6.

The second classification divided the ships depending on the presence or absence of certain sails. There were three-masted and two-masted sailboats, as well as single-masted varieties of very small ships, which were used, as a rule, to transport mail.

The names of the ships could be any associated with personal names, religious or geographical component. There were cases when, for special merits, the name of the ship was left in the fleet, although the ship itself might not exist. In the Russian fleet, the most striking example was the brig "Mercury" and several ships "Memory of Mercury".

With the advent of mechanisms and the transition from sail to car, many names of ship types took root and remain to this day. The main difference of any ship was the size, displacement or tonnage. The history of steamships, although not as many centuries old as the sail, brightly inscribed pages in the naval chronicle.

The development of technology has brought to naught entire groups of once formidable ships, and transferred classes to other ranks. So, for example, the twentieth century showed the weakness of battleships in front of aircraft carrier groups. Second World War generally made major changes to the picture of warships in the world. And if 300 years ago the frigate was a large ship, now it has descended to the stage of patrol ships.

According to international maritime law, each ship falls into its own specific class. These rules, in order to avoid confusion, were used by Soviet sailors, as well as their successors, the ships of the Russian Navy.

Ships are divided by tonnage, or displacement, as well as by the type of weapons on board, that is, one can say that the old system has entered the new realities of modern ships.

According to these documents, the largest ships are included in the strike group, and these are:

aircraft carriers, depending on the tonnage, can be large, medium and small, respectively, the strength of naval aviation on them also differs;
cruisers, also differing in displacement, having more versatile tasks, from guarding convoys and aircraft carriers to intercepting enemy ships and shelling the coastline;
submarines, often larger and more heavily armed than surface ships, are classified according to their size and the type of power plant;
destroyers carrying out reconnaissance and security of a group of ships carrying the main armament in the form of mines and torpedoes;
torpedo boats, large of which are designed to attack large ships in squadrons, while small ones operate in the coastal zone;
patrol ships designed for combat protection of convoys and the water area of a port or other object.

There is also a finer division of these classes of ships, but in each country they have their own characteristics and characteristics.

The second large subclass includes auxiliary vessels. They can be conditionally divided into several groups:

floating bases necessary for replenishment with everything necessary, depending on the specialization of the base for each class of ships;
supply ships, unlike bases, are more mobile and fast, although the goals and tasks for them are the same as above;
repair facilities, floating workshops necessary for the repair of ships on the high seas;
rescue ships designed to assist both submarines and surface ships in case of emergency;
research ships testing new technical systems;
training ships that serve to obtain and master the skills of being at sea;
special ships that test weapons systems and complexes for spacecraft.

The crews of support ships solve many tasks to maintain the combat capability of the main fleet. In the Navy of the USSR, there was also a system of differences between ships by name. So, in the Northern Fleet for a long time there was a unit of Soviet guards, known as the “Bad Weather Division”.

The first in the series was the ship "Hurricane", and in honor of it, subsequent ships of the same class, displacement and armament received "rainy" names. For example, waves Barents Sea furrowed in different time"Storm", "Snowstorm", "Purga" and other ships with similar names.

On the ships themselves, for many years there has been a division into warheads, or warheads, each of which designates a part of the ship and its purpose.

Warships of the fleets of different countries

Accepted the international community the ship classification system proved unsuitable for some navies. So, the Japanese ship division system can cause at least a lot of questions from an ignorant person. Japan, having a serious fleet, one of the best in Asia, meanwhile went long way modernization of ships under construction.

As a result, the same class of warships can differ significantly in their characteristics depending on the year of manufacture. So, the same destroyers in service can meet all modern requirements if they were built recently, or they can match frigates or corvettes of other fleets.

main force of the Japanese Navy are considered destroyers-helicopter carriers.

Despite their name, they are essentially light aircraft carriers equipped with state-of-the-art electronics. This class includes two types of ships, "Hyuuga", represented by a pair of ships, and "Shirane", also a pair of ships. Interestingly, the last two ships were introduced into the fleet back in the 1980s.

The second category consists of URO destroyers (guided missile weapons). There are also ships of various types. The most modern, such as "Atago", represented by two ships. The Kongo class consists of four ships built in the 1990s. Hatakase type, created in the second half of the 1980s, with a couple of ships now used as training ships.

Another category, the third, again destroyers, but more similar to the brothers of the other fleets. This includes many types, broken down depending on the time of construction. The fourth category, submarines, is represented by 17 diesel submarines. The fifth includes landing and auxiliary ships, as well as icebreakers.

Its classification in the US Navy. Vessels are divided according to their purpose. To distinguish them, an alphabetic encryption system was introduced. So, for example, the letters "BB" mean BigBattleship, corresponding to the class of battleships in other fleets.

It is interesting that sometimes the ship changes its class, but the letters are left by the decision of the naval command.

This happened several times after a major reform of the fleet throughout the twentieth century. Common to all ships are the letters "USS", which means "ship of the United States" in translation.

Aircraft carriers are among the largest types of ships, usually denoted by variations with the letters "CV". They differ in size and type of aircraft, airplanes or helicopters, but are grouped into one class.

Rest surface ships have original letter designation, such as "C" - cruisers, "D" - destroyers, "F" - frigate. In different years, both watchdogs and monitors were found under codes, but over time they were removed from their composition by the US Navy.

The submarine fleet wears the obligatory letter "S", which also has many additional meanings depending on the type of weapon or power plant. The letter "P" means boats, also differing in size and types of weapons located on them.

There are quite a lot of ciphers used during the Vietnam War, and then simply canceled.

You can also put American Coast Guard warships, formally a separate unit, here. The letter "L" means that the vessel belongs to the landing fleet. It differs in huge landing ships, transporting soldiers from one continent to another, and landing craft, landing infantry and equipment directly on land. The latter have the trait of amphibians.

The development of these boats was given great attention back during World War II, when the Marines landed and fought on the islands Pacific Ocean and in the famous landing zone in Normandy. The letter "A" denoted all auxiliary vessels.

Despite the former glory of the mistress of the seas, the British fleet has lost all its former power. However, the authority of the English sailors is still on top. The classification of the ships of the British Navy is quite difficult to carry out.

Of course, among them are the same aircraft carriers, destroyers, corvettes and boats, but they differ in pennant number.

Each flotilla had its own special pennant, and the ship in this flotilla was assigned a number, and then a letter indicating the class of the ship. It is interesting that in numerology there is no number "13" at all, which is considered unlucky among sailors.

The system of classification by numbers and pennants continues to exist, with minor changes since the First World War.

The history of the navy goes back hundreds of years. Since sailors are extremely superstitious people, they keep traditions, including those associated with their “native home” - a ship, in the names of ships, and in their classification, you can find many old terms and designations that do not make the fleet less effective.

Video

A sailing fleet is a group of ships that move with the help of a sail. As a rule, the use of the fleet was immediately accompanied by the appearance of the ships themselves, which are suitable for long expeditions or naval battles.

A Brief History of Sailboats

The first sailing ships appeared in last years antiquity. They consisted of primitive sail-ridged ships and could reach speeds higher than the wind. A group of such ships cannot be called a full-fledged fleet, because. each acted independently in battles, and the outcome of the battle was decided mainly by numbers. The main technique of confrontation was ramming, bulk and boarding. Large sail-ridged ships were equipped with additional weapons: a stone thrower (mainly for taking coastal fortresses), a harpoon and Greek fire.

In the 12th - 13th centuries, ships appeared carrying military guns on board. However, they have been developed in the direction of personal power. Vessels of the Karakka type could fight alone against a small group of ships, as well as conduct raider operations.

If we talk about a full-fledged sailing ship, it was first built in british empire in the 16th century. He bore the name Great Harry ("Great Harry"). The first Russian military sailboat was launched in 1668. It did not belong to a specific type and bore the name "Eagle".

The ship "Great Harry"

A regular navy of sailboats appears at the beginning of the 17th century in the Western powers. In overwhelming advantage, these were the colonial empires - Britain, Portugal, Spain and France. After the 100th anniversary, a full-fledged fleet was formed in almost all of Europe, which later played key role in expansion companies. Also, warships were captured by many criminals - pirates.

17th century sailboat era

With the discovery of the steam engine, large battleships of the sailing fleet existed for some time, but the sail no longer served as the main force for the movement of the ship. It was used as an additional means of navigation in case of boiler breakdown or to save fuel in high winds. Sailing ships were completely replaced by dreadnoughts and battleships. A sailboat with an unprotected mast had no chance against an armored ship. It is worth noting that in the 60s of the 19th century there were no rifled artillery and dreadnoughts were practically unsinkable.

Sailing vessel classification

The demand for ships was based on the tasks they performed - for expeditions or military operations. In the second case, the ship was required to achieve specific tactical goals, which led to the development of different types of ships. The main characteristics of any combat naval unit were: displacement, the number of artillery pieces and masts. In the end, a classification of ships by rank was formed:

The first three included only ships of the line;
4 - 5 ranks were frigates;
6th - 7th rank other smaller vessels (brigs, tenders, corvettes).

Simultaneously with the development of the main combat units, additional ships were formed, which were supposed to solve auxiliary tasks in order to achieve strategic goals on the battlefield.

Basically they were:

firewalls. A ship with explosives on board to set fire to an enemy ship. They developed through simple preparation. Fireships were not built and, in fact, they are not an independent class of the vessel. The decision to use them was often used already in the course of the battles; for preparation, a disabled ship was used, which could not fight, but was still capable of sailing. There was a special effect if the enemy ship was in close formation with others or was in a bay.
Bomber ships. In terms of its capabilities, it did not differ from the main battle ships - a large 3-masted vessel with artillery pieces. It had low sides and was intended for shelling coastal infrastructure (bays, docks, fortifications). AT sea battle he could also effectively prove himself, but because of his sides he became an easy target.
Transport ships. Among them were also different types ships for specific tasks (clippers, sloops, packet boats, etc.)

It is worth noting that there were practically no cargo ships among the ships of the sailing fleet of the colonial powers. Cargo was stored on the main ships, and if the need for a transport ship did appear, they were hired from private individuals.

Main combat sailing ships

The navy during the Renaissance played important role for any state, and its power determined world politics that time. The development of ships continued for two centuries before they received a clear classification. The main warships of the sailing fleet were:

Brigantine. 2-masted vessel with straight foremast and oblique mainmast. Appeared in the 17th century and was used for reconnaissance operations. There were 6 - 8 guns on board.
Brig. 2-masted ship of the 7th rank with a displacement of up to 400 tons. It was the main reconnaissance messenger ship in all the fleets of the world. Also on board had from 8 to 24 guns, which were used for shooting when escaping the chase. Appeared as a more practical and simple option brigantine, however, did not completely oust them.
Galion. The largest ship of the times of the 15th - 17th centuries. It could include from 2 to 4 masts, and the displacement was up to 1600 tons. Halions were the dominant ships in battles before the advent of battleships.
Caravel. 3 - 4 masted universal vessel with a displacement of up to 450 tons. It was more widely used in expeditions. Good seaworthiness is achieved thanks to versatile masts and superstructures at the bow and stern. Despite the high side, the caravels were only single-deck ships. In battles, they often served as a cargo ship, capable of shooting back from small ships and during boarding.
Karakka. Large 3-masted ship of early times. It had a displacement of up to 2000 tons and 30 - 40 guns on board. The ship could carry big number passengers, up to 1300 people. Karakka has proven itself in the 13th - 16th centuries as a powerful vessel capable of fighting back alone. However, with the formation of fleets and the appearance of large ships, they lost their significance.
Corvette. 2 - 3 masted vessel with a displacement of up to 600 tons for tactical tasks. Appeared in the 18th century and one of the two (along with the frigate) classes of ships that have survived to this day. It was used for cruising hunting or destroying single targets, less often for reconnaissance. Equipped with an open or closed artillery battery with dozens of guns.
Battleship. The largest 3-masted vessel with three artillery decks (mostly with enclosed batteries). According to the standard, ships with a displacement of up to 5000 tons were considered battleships, but many ships of this type and up to 8000 tons are known in history. The entire battery could include up to 130 pairs of guns located along the sides. They were used mainly to deal with the same large ships and shelling the coastline. Battleships are one of the few combat sailing ships that served in maritime forces until the beginning of the 20th century.
Flutes. 3-masted transport sailboat. The displacement was arbitrary, but often did not exceed 800 tons. They had up to 6 guns and were distinguished by high maneuverability. Often used by corsairs for robberies. In Russia, the first flutes appeared in the Baltic Fleet in the 17th century.
Frigate. A 3-masted ship with a displacement of up to 3500 tons. The next in power after the battleship and had up to 60 pairs of guns on board. It was used as a large support ship on the entire front line or performing communication tasks (protecting merchant ships). It was the main warship of the sailing fleet of the Russian Empire.
Sloop. 3-masted ship with low sides. It had a displacement of up to 900 tons and 16 - 32 artillery pieces. Served as a long-range reconnaissance or expeditionary vessel. Sloops were popular in the 17th and 19th centuries among Russian freight forwarders for round-the-world travel.
Shnyava. A small sailboat with 2 straight masts, popular in the Scandinavian region. In Russia, they were actively used by Peter I for reconnaissance operations before battles. Displacement up to 150 tons, and the number of guns ranged from 2 to 18.
Schooner. Vessel with arbitrary, mostly large displacement. It could include up to 16 guns and was distributed as part of the sailing fleet of the Russian Empire. Battle schooners were exclusively 2-masted, and messenger ships had an arbitrary number of masts.

In some countries there were unique types of warships that did not become widespread. For example, Portuguese ships, comparable in displacement to a frigate, but having several gun decks, were called cruisers, although this type was already assigned to more modern ships.

Large ships of the Russian sailing fleet

The first mention of Russian sailboats can be found in The Tale of Bygone Years, which tells about the campaign of Prince Oleg to Byzantium on ships. The Russian sailing fleet was already formed by Peter I. The construction of the first ships proceeded in the likeness of European ones. First major battle of the domestic fleet is celebrated with the Swedes in northern war. In the future, naval forces only begin to grow.

Large ships of the Baltic Fleet

The largest military sailing ships in Russia (as well as in the world) were battleships. The first battleships were laid down in the Ladoga shipyard, which had no experience in building large ships, as a result of which the ships received poor seaworthiness and maneuverability. List of sailing battleships of the Russian imperial fleet, which became the first in service in the Baltic:

Riga,
Vyborg,
Pernov,

All three ships were launched in 1710 and were classified as battleships of the 4th rank. On the sides were placed 50 guns of various calibers. The crew of the ship was 330 people. sailing ships in the Russian fleet also lost their importance with the development steam engines and battleships, but were still used for reconnaissance operations until the time of the civil war.

Types of warships

The navy is a powerful defense of the state, which has direct access to the seas, oceans and big rivers. There are more than 60 types of surface vessels used in the navy. But I want to tell you about the most significant ones. So, depending on the task performed, the ships are divided into the following types:
1. Cruisers. The ships are equipped with guided missile launchers. The cruiser can hit both surface, air and underwater targets, as well as shelling the coastal zone.

2. Landing ships It is customary to divide into large (BDK) and universal (UDK). These types of warships are responsible for transporting and landing troops and military equipment. The BDK is designed with a ramp in front to allow troops to disembark more quickly onto land. The UDC has great combat power and is comparable in potential to an average aircraft carrier.

3. Aircraft carriers- the largest ships of all that have been built to date. Several dozen aircraft can fit on board. These types of warships are equipped with a rig with fuel and weapons. Therefore, the army can operate for a long time far from the coast. The aircraft carrier provides defense, support for troops near the coast, and destroys enemy ships. Aircraft carriers are equipped with missiles and cannons. In spite of big sizes, such ships are very mobile.

4. Corvettes according to the class of weapons, they are also divided into two types: small anti-submarine and small missile ships. Their main purpose is to defend a convoy of ships against enemy ships or protect the coast.

5. Destroyers- one of the most versatile warships. They can deliver a powerful artillery strike. As well as missile and torpedo in the enemy fleet, they guard water bodies and coastal zone from air attack. They are excellent at scouting.

6. Frigates– multi-purpose types of warships. This vessel is capable of fighting far from the coast. Frigates support ground forces on the coast, provide landings, strike ships, provide ship defense, and perform reconnaissance functions.

If you want to learn more about each of the types of warships or just patch up your knowledge of maritime transport, you can go to.

Submarines are the strength of the Navy

This type of ships is much more effective in battles than surface ships. Of the advantage in the invisibility of maneuvers and sudden attacks on surface ships. Submarines also do an excellent job with radar reconnaissance, and also fire missiles at enemy ships. Submarines are divided into classes:
1. Large. Them maximum speed- 25 nodes, equipped with nuclear installations.
2. Medium. Gaining speed of 15-20 knots.
3. Small with a speed of 10-15 knots.

Submarines are armed with mines, missiles and torpedoes. There are special-purpose submarines designed to transport cargo or radar patrols.

Types of Russian warships

I talked about the most common courts. They are of strategic importance, and they have no equal in combat operations on the water. Now let's see what types of warships Russia from the above are represented in the fleet.

The aircraft carrier was left alone - "Admiral Kuznetsov". There was another ship of this type, but it was sold to China. Interestingly, the cost of building one aircraft carrier can reach 6 billion dollars, and maintenance per month exceeds 10 million. The largest cruiser in the world that does not carry aircraft on board is "Peter the Great". The main purpose of the vessel is the destruction of aircraft carrier objects by the enemy. "Peter the Great" can perform tasks anywhere in the world on the water.

Things are better with UDC. There is a Mistral project, according to which a French company is building 2 UDCs for the Russian fleet - Vladivostok and Simferopol. On board these ships, Ka-52 Alligator helicopters will presumably be placed. Above, we talked about corvettes, and so, there are 4 of them in the Russian fleet. In addition, 4 more ships are under construction. Already existing corvettes are part of the Baltic Fleet.

Particular attention is paid to the modernization of submarines. On the basis of the Russian Navy there are 48 nuclear and 20 diesel submarines with different purposes and equipment. In addition, after 2030 it is planned to create fifth-generation submarines with appropriate weapons based on cruise missiles type "Caliber" and ballistic - type "Mace". The state cannot fit all types of warships in its fleet, but if you invest in the development of defense, you can reach the ideal.

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