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Department of Physical Geography and Landscape Science - history of the department. Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin: biography

– scientist in the field of forest management and forest taxation, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences (1939), professor (1939), academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1966).

Born on April 26, 1903 in the village of Larikovo, Vologda province. He graduated from the Petrograd Forestry Institute in 1925. He worked as an assistant forester, district forester in the Leningrad region. (from 1925 to 1929), in Moscow - senior specialist in the Forestry Administration of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the RSFSR. Headed the Department of Forest Taxation at SibLTI, and was deputy for several years. director of this institute (from 1937 to 1943). He headed the Main Forestry Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Forestry Industry (from 1943 to 1948). He headed the department of forest taxation and forest management at MLTI (from 1944 to 1984). For several years (from 1960 to 1971) he headed VNIILKh (now VNIILM). Served as Academician-Secretary of the Department of Forestry and Agroforestry of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (from 1960 to 1965). Nikolai Pavlovich Anuchin was the chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council on forest issues State Committee on science and technology of the USSR.

Anuchin created assortment tables and commodity tables, developed the basics of industrial forest taxation, designed a number of taxation instruments (taxator's cane, optical prism, altimeter), proposed an original method for recording the growth of trunk and stand wood, theoretically substantiated the principle of continuous and sustainable forest management and determining the size of forest areas enterprises. In total he published more than 200 scientific works, incl. 60 books and brochures, including 6 monographs and 3 textbooks. His textbooks “Forest Taxation” and “Forest Management” were reprinted several times and translated into foreign languages. In 1977, Anuchin’s book “Theory and Practice of Forestry Organization” was published, summarizing many of the author’s developments.

Source: Encyclopedia of Forestry. In 2 vols.. T. 1. [A – L] / Feder. forestry agency households; [Antipenko T.A. and etc.]. – M.: VNIILM, 2006. – P. 31-32.

Literature

Anuchin N.P. Forest taxation. [textbook] / N.P. Anuchin. – 5th ed., add. – M.: Forest Industry, 1982. – 552 p.

Anuchin N.P. Forestry and nature conservation / N.P. Anuchin. – M.: Forest Industry, 1979. – 271 p.

Anuchin N.P. Determination of the current growth of plantings along the lateral surface of trees / N.P. Anuchin // Issues of forestry and silviculture: report. on V World. forest congress – M., 1960. – P. 346-351.

In 1900, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Anuchin’s activity, the Russian Anthropological Journal was founded in the anthropological department of the Society of Lovers of Natural History, which for 37 years (until 1937, when its publication ceased) was central authority anthropological science in Russia. The first issue of the magazine contains Anuchin’s article “A quick look at the past of anthropology and its tasks in Russia.” Anuchin formulates the main task of Russian anthropology as the study of the racial composition of the peoples of Russia, as a comparative anthropological analysis of modern and ancient types of the country's population and their relationship to the anthropological types of other territories. This topic has been central to the content of the Russian Anthropological Journal throughout its existence. Racial anthropology was the main area of Anuchin's anthropological research.
Of Anuchin’s later works published in the Russian Anthropological Journal, special mention should be made of the articles “Lamuts. Materials for the anthropology of the Tungus" (1916, No. 1-2) and "Mountain Chuvans. Towards the anthropology of the extreme northeast of Asia" (1918, no. 1-2), which not only contain the first anthropological data about these distant groups, but also put more general question about the dolichocephalic Mongoloid racial type in the population of North Asia. A number of Anuchin’s works, in addition to those already mentioned above, are devoted to the anthropology of the Slavs. Anuchin’s lengthy review of F.K. Volkov’s work “Anthropological Features of the Ukrainian People” (1916) (16) deserves special consideration in connection with issues of Slavic anthropology. The main point of Volkov's work boils down to the assertion that the so-called Adriatic (Dinaric) anthropological type prevailing among Ukrainians is an ancient Slavic type, best preserved, in addition to the Ukrainians, among the southern and western Slavs (with the exception of the Poles), with whom Ukrainians anthropologically show the greatest kinship , while among the Russians, Belarusians and Poles this ancient “Slavic race” was dissolved by mixture with various Finnish, Lithuanian and other elements. “We cannot agree with this conclusion a priori,” writes Anuchin; we know that nationality (or people), tribe and race are very different concepts; belonging to a known nationality is based on common culture, history, and national identity; to belong to famous tribe is determined by a common language, belonging to one race is determined by a common physical (anthropological) type.
Throughout Europe we see that these three categories are not the same; there are no Roman, Germanic, or Finnish races, and each of these tribal groups contains representatives of different anthropological types. II, not only tribal groups, but also individual peoples show a complex anthropological composition...
Is it possible to assume that the Ukrainians represent an exception from all the peoples of Europe, that is, that all of them (with a few exceptions on the outskirts of their territory) belong to the same race, as well as all the southern and western (with the exception of the Poles) Slavs? 51-52).
Analyzing Volkov's work in detail, Anuchin also shows the discrepancy between its conclusions and the actual anthropological material. This latter testifies to the presence of various racial types among Ukrainians, mostly the same ones that were included in both the Russian and Belarusian peoples. Anuchin also reveals the political bias of Volkov’s concept. This concept, Anuchin points out, has its origins in German literature, where anthropological data are used for supposedly scientific proof that the Slavs belong, but in comparison with the Germans, to another, lower race, destined by nature itself to be subordinate to the Germans, in particular from the Germans.
If the main area of Anuchin’s anthropological work was racial anthropology, then this activity should obscure from us his role in the development of other areas of anthropology in Russia.
In his works, Anuchin acts as a convinced evolutionist and propagandist of the “great teaching of Darwin” (Anuchin’s words) in matters of human origin. Speaking at the congress of the Society of Russian Doctors in 1902 with a report “On the tasks and methods of anthropology,” Anuchin characterizes current state the question of human evolution: “In the very process of evolution,” he says, “no one now doubts, for it is proven by all the data of paleontology, embryology, comparative anatomy, systematics, etc. Man could not escape the general law; the consistent evolution of its type from an animal is already indicated by an anatomical analysis of its structure and the history of its embryonic development, but the greatest clarification can be obtained, of course, from paleontology, from the discovery of fossil remains of man and his predecessors...
In the future, in all likelihood, other remains of these human predecessors will be found, but those found are already sufficient to recognize that the origin of man dates back to ancient times and that the evolution of its type must have taken place over many millennia, even tens of thousands of years, through a series of long-extinct forms connecting it successively with more low forms in the zoological system." Anuchin immediately appreciated the significance of Dubois's findings on the island of Java and, despite the authority of Virchow, whom Anuchin especially revered, he recognized Pithecanthropus as one of the ancestral forms of man.
In addition to numerous small articles and notes on individual finds of fossil hominids, several larger works by Anuchin are devoted to the problem of the origin of man, to which he tried to give the most popular character possible. These are his works: “The Origin of Man and His Fossil Ancestors” (17), “On the Question of ancient people"(18), "The Descent of Man" (1922).
Critical attitude towards theories that are not sufficiently substantiated factual material, caution in conclusions and high scientific exactingness are especially evident in the indicated works of Anuchin, which he intended for the general public and which, because of this, according to the author’s conviction repeatedly expressed, should be especially verified and cleared of any hasty conclusions and constructions. Without allowing hesitation in the main - in recognizing the evolutionary teaching in relation to the formation of man - Anuchin, touching on particular issues of anthropogenesis, prefers an objective presentation of various theories to the defense of any one of them.
Of course, not everything that Anuchin wrote in this area is correct and can be preserved without changes. This is, in particular, positive attitude him to Klyach’s theory of anthropogenesis, his views on the relationship between the primitive and modern man, his assessment of the Piltdown find, in which Anuchin was inclined to see evidence of very great antiquity Homo sapiens, surpassing the antiquity of Neanderthal man. On the question of the place of Neanderthal forms in the genealogy of modern man, Anuchin shared the views of the English anthropologist Keyes and saw in the Neanderthal a side branch, the result of the convergence of man in some characteristics to the more ancient type of ape-people.
But the value of Anuchin’s indicated works lies in the development of theoretical positions. Their main significance is to popularize evolutionary doctrine, in promoting the latest achievements of science.
We also owe Anuchin the translation into Russian of a number of works on the origins of man. These are the books published shortly before the First World War with the close participation of D.N. Anuchin and M.A. Menzbier: Gunther “The Origin and Development of Man”, Lehe “Man”, Obermayer “Prehistoric Man” and some others.
In his works, Anuchin acts as a convinced monogenist. “The human race,” he wrote in one of his articles (19), “is actually one species, and its most isolated varieties have only the meaning of subspecies. In other words, all humanity is descended from the same common progenitors, whose descendants only gradually formed different races.” In the 90s, to which this article by Anuchin refers, differences between mono- and polygenists went far beyond scientific disagreements on a biological issue and were usually associated with political disputes about historical destinies human races. And in none of Anuchin’s works do we find racist ideas, from which many of the major anthropologists - Anuchin’s contemporaries - abroad were not free.
Through all my long scientific activity Anuchin managed to carry the positivism and educational orientation of the seventies, and he appears to us as such among his later contemporaries.
Considering educational activities to be the public duty of a scientist to the people, Anuchin did not stay away from journalism. Since 1881 he becomes a permanent contributor to Russkie Vedomosti, the newspaper of the Moscow liberal intelligentsia, and in the period 1898-1912. - and the second editor of this newspaper. In Russkie Vedomosti, Anuchin writes according to the most various issues scientific and public life. He owns the biography and correspondence of Darwin that appeared on the pages of the newspaper, an article about I.I. Mechnikov, memories of Herzen and many other articles.
We stopped above at that period pedagogical activity Anuchin, when the teaching of anthropology at Moscow University was limited to occasional anthropological courses, which Anuchin taught at the Department of Geography. As an independent specialty, anthropology was absent at the university until 1907, when, in connection with university reforms, the specialty “anthropology” was established at the Department of Geography, understood in those years as a complex of disciplines (physical anthropology itself, ethnography, archeology).
In 1913, the Russian scientific community celebrated the 70th anniversary of Anuchin’s birth. On anniversaries, the telegraph brought words of greetings and respect from all over the world. Anuchin was a member of almost all academies and scientific societies main states. This high assessment of his personal scientific merits included recognition of the significance and role of Russian anthropology in world science.
Anuchin met the Great October Socialist Revolution at the age of 74. He unconditionally takes the side of those who devote their strength and knowledge to the construction of a new state. Anuchin not only continues his work at the university and in scientific societies, but acts as an initiator and organizer of new scientific institutions. A scientist and educator, Anuchin was able to correctly grasp the prospects that opened up for the sciences he represented socialist revolution. At the request of Anuchin, the department of anthropology was established in the spring of 1919 at Moscow University. Anuchin handed over the Department of Geography to his closest students, and he himself moved to the Department of Anthropology, which he was forced to part with almost 40 years earlier, at the dawn of his teaching career.
At the end of his eighties, suffering from a serious illness, Anuchin finds the strength for new endeavors. He again begins to work on the collections of the Anthropological Museum, teaches a number of new courses (on the history of anthropology, on the origins of man, etc.), and collects his students for teaching at the department.
Anuchin's last students remember with reverence how, in the difficult conditions of 1920-1921, in an unheated room of the old university building, the weakening, sick Anuchin read his last courses, how, until the last days of his life, he carefully prepared each lecture, selected drugs, as if numb from With his cold hands he wrote notes in museum catalogues.
Extreme simplicity and clarity of presentation, enormous abundance scientific facts, always critically examined and tested, a slightly skeptical attitude towards all theoretical constructions and an undisguised disdain for excessive philosophizing - this is how Anuchin’s university lectures will forever remain in my memory.
Almost up last day life (June 4, 1923) D.N. Anuchin did not stop his diverse scientific and organizational activities. With particular sympathy he followed the development of the local history movement in our country, which so responded to both his educational views and complex method studying. He was the honorary chairman of the Central Bureau of Local History. At the first All-Russian conference of local historians (in December 1921), Anuchin made a report on the study of man, took an active part in the work of the conference on the study of the natural productive forces of Russia (1922), wrote articles on issues of local history and museum construction (20) .
The Scientific Research Institute of Anthropology at Moscow University owes its founding to Anuchin’s initiative. The Institute was organized in 1922 within the system of the Association of Research Institutes of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and opened a new, post-Anuchin period in the development of Russian anthropology.

NOTES

1. V.V. Bunak, Activities of D.N. Anuchin in the field of anthropology, Russian Anthropological Journal, vol. 3 - 4, 1924.

2. The best biographical essays about D.N. Anuchin belong to V.V. Bogdanov; see his works: Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin, Collection in honor of the seventieth birthday of Professor D.N. Anuchin, ed. About-va love. natural, anth. and ethnogr., 1913; Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin. Anthropologist and geographer. Moscow Testing company nature, 1940.

3. So, the famous anthropologist, prof. A. Torok in his study about Ainu turtles (Archiv fur Anthropologie, Bd. XVIII, 1889, p. 87) writes that “the monograph of the honored author (D.N. Anuchin - M.L.) is undoubtedly the most important of all hitherto published about the Ainu race.”

4. "Bull" de la Soc. d "Anthr. de Paris", 1878.

6. “Prehistoric archeology of the Caucasus.” 1884; "Bow and arrows. Archaeological and ethnographic essay", 1887; "On the tasks of Russian ethnography." 1889; “Sleigh, boat and horses as accessories of a funeral rite”, 1890: “On the history of acquaintance with Siberia before Ermak. Ancients Russian legend“About unknown people in the eastern country. Archaeological-ethpographic study". 1890. etc.

7. "K" ancient history domestic animals in Russia." 1886; "On the remains of a dog, wolf and fox from Stone Age deposits on the shores of Lake Ladoga." 1882. etc.

8. “On anthropological research in Siberia.” 1883; “On ancient, artificially deformed turtles found within Russia”, 1887, etc.

10. Work by V.V. Bunak. The geographical distribution of the growth of the conscript population of the USSR according to 1927 data (Anthropological Journal, 1930, No. 2) is devoted to the same topic as Anuchin’s study; it significantly complements Anuchin’s materials, clarifies his constructions, but on the whole preserves his main conclusions.

11. W. Ripley. The races of Europe, 1900.

12. Congres International d'archeologie et d'anthropologie prehistoriques, 11th session a Moscow, 1892.

13. A.A.Ivanovsky. Population globe. Experience in anthropological classification, “Proceedings of the anthropological department,” vol. XXVII, 1911.

14. “The experience of a new anthropological classification and the debate of A. A. Ivanovsky,” “Earth Science,” I-II, 1913, pp. 234-268.

15. See “Dispute by E.M. Chepurkovsky”, “Earth Science”, I-II, 1916, pp. 139-150.

16. D.N.Anuchin. Towards the anthropology of Ukrainians, “Russian Anthropological Journal”, No. 1-2, 1918, pp. 49-60.

17. “Results of Science”, 1912.

18. “Nature”, 1916.

19. “Race” - in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, vol. 51, p. 359.

20. On the issue of organizing a museum of applied life and art, “Kazan Museum Bulletin”, 1920; On the need to found an anthropo-ethnographic institute in Moscow (ibid.); The culture of prehistoric man in certain regions of Russia and its study, Collection of local history.

M.G. Levin

Printed equivalent:
Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin (1843-1923) //
Proceedings of the Institute of Ethnography named after. N.N. Miklouho-Maclay. – New episode. T.I In memory of D.N. Anuchin (1843-1923). – M.-L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1947

The meaning of DMITRY NIKOLAEVICH ANUCHIN in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia

ANUCHIN DMITRY NIKOLAEVICH

Anuchin, Dmitry Nikolaevich, geographer, anthropologist and ethnographer. Born August 27, 1843. He graduated from the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University in 1867, where he worked mainly in zoology. In 1875 he published a large work "Materials for Anthropology East Asia. I. The Ainu tribe" (in the Izvestia of the Society of Lovers of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnography) and was soon sent abroad by Moscow University. Here he stayed until the spring of 1879, studying anthropology and ethnography in Paris and other cities Western Europe. In 1880, A. defended his master's thesis in Moscow on the topic: “On some anomalies of the human skull, mainly in their distribution by race,” after which he was elected associate professor in the department of anthropology (founded shortly before at Moscow University with private funds). In 1884 he received the department of geography and ethnography, retaining his teaching of anthropology. In 1886 - 89 he published a number of works, including: “On geographical distribution growth of the male population in Russia", "Bow and Arrows", "About ancient artificially deformed turtles found in Russia", "Report on a trip to Dagestan", etc., which served as the basis for awarding him the title of Doctor of Geography honoris causa by Moscow University A. was the first to organize university teaching of anthropology, ethnography and geography in Russia and set up an extensive Anthropological Museum (with departments of ethnography and prehistoric archeology) at Moscow University.Next to the university, A. has worked since 1875 in the Society of Lovers of Natural History, Ethnography and Anthropology, where he held various positions, and has been the permanent president of the Society since 1890. At this Society, a Geographical Department was established in 1890, which elected A. as its chairman and has been publishing since 1894 the journal "Earth Science", edited by A. At the Anthropological Department of the same Society, in memory of the 25th anniversary of A.'s activity in it, the Russian Anthropological Journal was founded in 1900. A. also took an active part in the Imperial Moscow Archaeological Society since 1876, in which since 1888 he has been a permanent colleague of the chairman. In 1896, A. was appointed an ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, but in 1898 he left this position and was then elected an honorary member of the academy. He is an emeritus professor at Moscow University and an honorary member of many Russian and foreign scientific societies, as well as one of the publishers and editors of the Moscow newspaper "Russian Vedomosti". A. published up to 300 articles both in special and other periodical publications; the most important of them: “Sleighs, boats and horses, as accessories of a funeral rite” (“Antiquities”, vol. XIV, 1890), “On the history of acquaintance with Siberia before Ermak” (ibid.); "The surface relief of European Russia in the consistent development of ideas about it" ("Earth Science", 1895), "On the issue of wild horses and about their domestication in Russia" ("Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1896), "Upper Volga lakes and the upper reaches of the Western Dvina" ("Proceedings of the expedition to study the sources of the main rivers of European Russia", 1897), "On the history of art and beliefs in the Urals Chudi" ("Materials on the archeology of the eastern provinces", M., 1899), "Japan and the Japanese" ("Earth studies", 1904 - 1906), etc. In 1909, A. was elected chairman of the XII Congress of Russian naturalists and doctors and at its opening he gave a speech: “Russian science and congresses of naturalists.” He published many articles on anthropology in the 82-volume “Encyclopedic Dictionary” of Brockhaus-Efron.

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

Biography

Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin studied at the 4th Larinsky gymnasium, which he graduated in 1860.

After graduating from high school, Dmitry Anuchin was enrolled in the Faculty of History and Philology, where he listened to lectures by Stasyulevich, Kostomarov, Sreznevsky and Sukhomlinov, but illness forced him to leave the university a year later and go abroad, from where he returned only in 1863 with updated information and a renewed worldview.

After the trip, Anuchin again entered Moscow University, this time in the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and completed the course as a candidate in 1867, but after graduation, Dmitry Anuchin continued to diligently study ethnography, zoology and anthropology.

In 1880, he defended his master’s thesis on the topic: “On some anomalies of the human skull, mainly in their distribution by race,” after which he was elected associate professor in the department of anthropology at Moscow University.

Since 1875 he was a member of the IOLEAE (Imperial Society of Lovers of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography, and since 1890 he was president of the Society.

In 1880, D. N. Anuchin began studying the Valdai Hills, and for the first time identified one of the most high points Tver province - Mount Kamennik (321 m), also Special attention he paid attention to the topography of the upper Volga.

In 1894-1895, Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin took part in an expedition led by A. A. Tillo to study the sources of the Volga, Western Dvina, Dnieper, Upper Volga lakes and Lake Seliger in order to determine the reasons for the shallowing of rivers in the Tver province. Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin finally resolved the issue of the source of the Volga.

Heritage

At Moscow University, Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin created the Geographical Museum - one of the most complete in Russia, with a library of up to 10,000 volumes, and the Anthropological Museum - the largest museum on anthropology and ethnology. Founded domestic school geographers, is the founder of Russian limnology (lake science).

Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin owns up to 600 works on ethnic anthropology and anthropogenesis, ethnography, primitive archeology, general physical geography, regional studies and history of science.

Together with a group of scientists united around A. S. Uvarov, one of the founders of the Russian and Moscow Archaeological Societies, the Historical Museum in Moscow, and archaeological congresses, Anuchin brought Russian archeology out of the amateur stage.

Anuchin’s works “The surface relief of European Russia...” (1897), “Upper Volga lakes and the upper reaches of the Western Dvina” (1897) marked the beginning of a systematic study of the relief and lakes of Russia. Thanks to the thoroughness of the research (about 8 thousand measurements were made in order to map the depths of Seliger), they are still the most fundamental work on Seliger and the Valdai Upland.

In 1916, Dmitry Nikolaevich donated to the Imperial Moscow University a personal library containing about 2000 books on geography, ethnography, history, and natural science, including many rare publications. Currently, Anuchin’s library is stored in the Department of Rare Books and Manuscripts Scientific library Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov.

(27.08(08.09).1843, St. Petersburg – 4.06.1923, Moscow)
Anthropologist, geographer, ethnographer, archaeologist, academician, professor, dean of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University, honorary member of MOIP
Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin came from the family of a hereditary nobleman, participant Patriotic War 1812 He was educated first at home, and then at the IV St. Petersburg Gymnasium. Also in school years he was interested in history, in which he was well read, and after graduating from the gymnasium in 1860 he entered the historical and philological department of the Faculty of Philosophy of St. Petersburg University, but for health reasons he was forced to interrupt his studies and, on the recommendation of S.P. Botkin, go abroad for treatment. By this time, in addition to his passion for history, D.N. Anuchin had developed an interest in Russian ethnography. D.N. Anuchin spent three years abroad, using this time not only for treatment, but also for getting acquainted with European university centers. He visited Heidelberg, Genoa, Rome, Geneva and returned to Russia in the summer of 1863; settled in Moscow, with which he was inextricably linked throughout his entire life.
In the autumn of the same year, he entered the Natural Sciences Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University and focused on zoology, anthropology and ethnography. Working under the guidance of professors A.P. Bogdanov and S.A. Usov, in 1867 he successfully completed his studies and was released from the university with the rank of candidate. The essay he presented at the end of the course was devoted to the zoology of vertebrates, the question “On the genetic affinity of species of the genus Bison.”
In 1871, on the recommendation of Professor S.A. Usov, D.N. Anuchin took the position Scientific Secretary of the Imperial Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants. He remained in this capacity for two years and did a lot to replenish the collection of valuable plants and animals of the Zoological Garden of Moscow University. In particular, it was thanks to his efforts, through the Russian embassy in Turkey, that he managed to deliver to Moscow a whole transport with plants and animals, which were placed in the university garden. In 1872, together with Moscow University professor L.P. Sabaneev D.N. Anuchin founded the magazine “Nature”, which continues to be published to this day.
In 1874, D.N. Anuchin began his teaching career as a teacher of natural history at the Catherine Institute for Women and zoology at the VI Moscow Gymnasium. At the same time he was accepted as a full member of the Society of Lovers of Natural History, and in 1875 he was elected its secretary. From that time on, the scientist was also a member of the Archaeological Society and the Moscow Society of Natural Scientists. In 1882, on his instructions, he led an archaeological expedition to Dagestan, and he also participated in excavations on the territory of the Perm province. Since 1888, D.N. Anuchin was a permanent comrade of the Chairman of the Archaeological Society.
A year later, the scientist was sent abroad to prepare his master's thesis. He worked in the Parisian Ecole Anthropologique and the anthropological laboratory of Professor Broca, and participated in excavations in caves in the south of France. In addition, D.N. Anuchin worked a lot in libraries and museums in Berlin, Vienna, Dresden, Prague, and Leipzig. On behalf of the Society of Natural History Lovers at the Paris World Exhibition of 1878, he organized and headed its Anthropological Department, and at the end of the exhibition he brought the entire exhibition to Russia. Collections of prehistoric antiquities collected by the scientist were demonstrated at the Anthropological Exhibition in Moscow in 1879, and then were transferred to Moscow University for storage and became the basis of the now existing Anthropological Museum of Moscow State University, and D.N. Anuchin himself was appointed its first director. Therefore, after the death of the scientist, the museum was named after him.
In 1880, D.N. Anuchin presented his master’s thesis entitled “On some anomalies of the human skull and mainly on their distribution by race” to the court of Moscow University. Successful defense allowed him to receive a position as a private assistant professor at Moscow University in the department of anthropology (founded shortly before with private funds). In 1884, he was elected extraordinary professor at Moscow University and received the chair of geography and ethnography, retaining his teaching of anthropology.
In 1890 D.N. Anuchin was elected President of the Society of Natural History Lovers. In the same year, on his initiative, a department of Anthropology was created at the society, and its founder was elected its chairman. At the same time, in 1890, the Geographical Department was founded within the society, which from its founding until 1923 was also headed by a scientist. Since 1894, the Geographical Department began publishing a magazine "Earth science", edited by him.
D.N. Anuchin was a regular author of many famous Russian periodicals and scientific publications. He worked closely with the newspaper "Russian Vedomosti", becoming their co-publisher in 1883, and in 1887 an editor at the newspaper "Russian Courier", where he was a member of the editorial board. He was the author of many articles in the famous Brockhaus-Efron encyclopedic dictionary.
In subsequent years, D.N. Anuchin published a number of works, including “On the geographical distribution of the growth of the male population in Russia”, “Bow and arrows”, “On ancient artificially deformed turtles found in Russia”, “Report on a trip to Dagestan” and others, which served as the basis for the decision of the Council of Moscow University to award him the title of Doctor of Geography honoris causa in 1891.
In the same year, the scientist was sent by Moscow University as part of an expedition organized by the Ministry of Agriculture, headed by General Tillo, the purpose of which was to study the sources of Russian rivers. Based on the results of his participation in it, D.N. Anuchin published famous work“Upper Volga lakes and the upper reaches of the Western Dvina” (“Proceedings of the expedition to study the sources of the main rivers of European Russia”, 1897), which not only gave a comprehensive description of the subject of research, but also supplied with numerous maps.
In 1892, during the XI International Congress on Prehistoric Archeology and Anthropology in Moscow, where D.N. Anuchin was Secretary General, on his initiative, a Geographical Exhibition was organized in the halls of the Historical Museum, which enjoyed great success from visitors and specialists. For organizing this exposition, D.N. Anuchin received gratitude from the Imperial Geographical Society. Upon completion of the exhibition, its exhibits were transferred for storage to Moscow University, where they became the basis for the creation of the Geographical Museum of Moscow University. From 1908 to 1923 D.N. Anuchin headed the work of the museum.
In 1891, D.N. Anuchin was elected ordinary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, however, due to the fact that he could not move to permanent place residence in St. Petersburg (a mandatory condition is residence in this city), at his own request in 1898, he left this position with the simultaneous election of him as an honorary member of the Academy.
In 1911-1912 D.N. Anuchin acted as dean of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University. In 1906, he was elected Honored Ordinary Professor, and in 1916, by decision of the Council of Moscow University, he was included in the number of Honorary Members of the University. In 1912, at the celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Royal Society of London, it was he who was tasked with representing Moscow University at the celebrations held in England.
For his enormous contribution to the organization and development of anthropological and geographical research, D.N. Anuchin was elected a full or honorary member of many Russian and foreign universities, scientific societies and academies, including the Moscow Society of Natural Scientists. Among them are: the Paris Anthropological Society (corresponding member since 1879), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Geography (current member since 1880), the American Anthropological Society in Washington (member since 1883), the Royal Anthropological Institute in London (honorary member since 1897) and many others.
For his services he was awarded Russian orders: St. Vladimir 3rd and 4th degrees, St. Anna 2nd degree and foreign awards. He was a Knight of the French Legion of Honor.
D.N. Anuchin was one of those professors at Moscow University who did not withdraw into himself in connection with the revolutionary upheavals that Russia experienced in 1917. Despite his advanced age, until his death he continued to work at Moscow University, heading the work of the department of anthropology and the activities of the Anthropological and Geographical departments of the Society of Lovers of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnography. With his active participation, the Research Institute of Anthropology was founded in 1922 at Moscow University.
Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin died at the age of eighty in Moscow and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Bibliography:
1. Sleighs, boats and horses, as accessories of a funeral rite // Antiquities, vol. XIV, 1890.
2. On the history of acquaintance with Siberia before Ermak // Antiquities, vol. XIV, 1890.
3. Surface relief of European Russia in the consistent development of ideas about it // Earth Science, 1895.
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