(2nd grade)
1. The world- This...
a) Sun, soil, water
b) The sun and objects created by human hands
c) Nature and objects created by human hands
2. Main sides of the horizon:
a) SW, NE, SE, NW b) S, SE, NE, N c) N, S, 3, E
3. The sides of the horizon can be determined using:
a) anthill b) roads c) lakes
4. For what profession do people need a compass?
a) teacher, doctor b) geologist, navigator c) machinist, combine operator
5. The outline of the subject is...
a) top view of the object b) side view of the object c) the object as you see it
6. Air properties:
a) has a shape, soluble in water b) has a smell, shape
c) supports combustion, colorless
7. Properties of water:
a) blue, transparent b) has color and odor c) transparent, odorless and colorless, flowing
8. Substances soluble in water:
a) sand, clay, sugar b) salt, sugar, water c) salt, sand, pebbles
9. The importance of water for human life:
a) people, plants, animals cannot live without water
b) water forms rivers, lakes
c) water is used for cooking
10. Forests cannot be cut down along the banks of rivers and lakes because:
a) plants will die
b) animals will die
c) the river will not be full
11. Soil is...
a) top layer of earth
b) top fertile layer land
c) sand, water, air, plants
12. Main property of soil:
a) fertility b) availability of water c) availability of air
13. What groups are plants divided into?
a) flowers, vegetable crops, trees
b) fruit trees, flowers, herbs
c) trees, shrubs, grasses
14. Choose a characteristic of flowering plants
a) have stems, leaves, roots
b) have roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits
c) have stems and leaves
15. Plants need a stem in order to...
a) deliver nutrients from the root to its other organs
b) hold the plant
c) give the plant shape
16. Dry fruits are:
a) wheat, beans
b) black currant, strawberry
c) apples, pears
17- Green color gives leaves
a) humus 6) chlorophyll c) phytoncides
18. How does a plant come into being?
a) seed → root → sprout → leaf
b) seed → sprout → leaf → seed
c) seed → sprout → leaf → flower → fruit with seeds
19. What is a root?
a) the part of the plant that gives shape
b) part of the plant that is in the soil
c) part of the plant that conducts nutrition
20. Potatoes are propagated
a) tuber, parts of a tuber b) tuber, leaves c) tuber, cuttings
21. Predatory animals are...
a) camel, kulan b) tiger, eagle
22. The flag of Kazakhstan has a color
a) green b) red c) blue
23. Kazakhstan is...
a) city b) state c) capital
24. What is the Constitution?
a) law b) holiday c) book
25. Capital of Kazakhstan
a) Almaty b) Karaganda c) Astana
26. What is the “Red Book”?
a) a beautiful book
b) a book in which they write rare species plants and animals
c) rare book
27. What is the name of the home of the Kazakh nomads?
a) wigwam b) tent c) yurt
28. Professions of people involved in crop production
a) agronomist, tractor driver b) driver, veterinarian c) combine operator, astronaut
29. Signs of good weather:
a) swallows fly low, smoke billows
b) swallows fly high, frogs crawl ashore
c) flies wake up early, swallows fly high.
30. The following animals are included in the Red Book:
a) kulan, goitered gazelle, bustard, flamingo
b) bear, wolf, fox
c) bustard, fox, mouse
Quests to understand the world
for school Olympiad
(3rd grade)
F.I. ________________________________________________________________________
1. Main body circulatory system:
A) lungs B) heart C) skeleton
2. Which system controls the functioning of all other body systems?
A) circulatory B) digestive C) nervous
3. Choose true statement:
A) All bodies are made of substances.
B) Living bodies consist of substances.
C) Nonliving bodies are made up of substances.
4. What color does the flat surface of the Earth indicate on the map?
A) Green B) Brown C) Blue
5. What happens to air when heated?
A) Nothing B) It expands C) It contracts
6. What is the name of the place where a river flows into the sea, lake or other river?
A) Source B) Channel C) Mouth
7. Select the line that lists the dense rocks.
A) sand, clay B) granite, marble, coal C) granite, sand, marble
8. Places where mineral deposits occur are called….
A) quarries B) ore C) deposits
9. The property of soil that distinguishes it from rocks is...
A) fertility B) humus C) chernozem
10. What plants have no roots, no stems, no leaves, no flowers?
A) Algae B) ferns C) mosses
11. Choose a heat-loving plant:
A) camel thorn B) corn C) wheat
12. Animals that do not have a backbone are called...
A) vertebrates B) invertebrates C) worms
13. What is another name for amphibians?
14. What type of animal are turtles?
A) reptiles B) amphibians C) animals
15. What is the official language in Kazakhstan?
A) Kazakh B) Russian C) Kazakh and Russian languages.
16. Underline which of the following minerals are used in their original form:
A) peat B) clay c) ore d) coal e) sand
17. Why, when freezing, ice does not sink to the bottom of the reservoir, but covers it with a crust on top
___________________________________________________________________________
18. When does a hedgehog not prick? ___________________________________________________
19. Connect with an arrow the names of plants with the corresponding names of plant parts used by humans
cucumber root
cabbage leaf
beet fruit
20. What should be done to protect the soil if the soil is destroyed by wind or water flow?
a) remove the remaining soil layer;
b) apply fertilizers and pesticides;
c) build a fence;
d) plant forest belts, properly plow the slopes, and carry out snow retention.
21. Which lake is the deepest on Earth and what is its feature?
__________________________________________________________________________
22.Recognize the plant by its description: “Garlands of small bells hang in the spring between large pointed leaves. And in the summer, where the flowers are, there is a red berry, but don’t put it in your mouth - it’s poisonous.” What kind of plant is this? ________________________________________________________________________
23. Highlight superfluous word in each group of words.
1. Rain, snow, precipitation, frost, hail.
2. Oak, wood, alder, poplar, ash.
3. Second, hour, year, evening, week.
24.Complete the row, write the name of the group
1. Oak, aspen, poplar, …………………… - …………………..
2. Barberry, rosehip, …………………… - …………………..
3. Spruce, fir, …………………… - …………………..
4. Tulip, daffodil, …………………… - …………………..
5. Rizhik, boletus, …………………… - …………………..
6. Chicken, turkey, …………………
25. Which snow melts faster: clean or dirty? __________________________
26. Where is the grasshopper's ear? ___________________________________________________
27. Who can drink with their feet? _____________________________________________________
28.Which cow do ants milk?_____________________________________________
29. What animal’s cubs feed on someone else’s mother’s milk?________________
30. Which birds hatch their chicks three times during the summer?___________________________
Quests to understand the world
for the school Olympiad
(4th grade)
F.I. _________________________________________________________________
1. The capital Astana stands on the banks of the river...
A) Irtysh B) Or C) Ishim D) Nura
2. The necessary conditions for plant life...
A) heat, air, water, food, light B) soil, air, water, heat C) light, soil, heat, water E) food, soil, water
3. What item is missing from national flag RK?
A) sun B) eagle C) star D) national ornament
4. On August 30, our state celebrates...
A) Republic Day B) Constitution Day C) Independence Day
5. Kazakhstan celebrates Independence Day...
A) October 25 B) December 16 C) August 30 D) July 6
6. Main source light and heat on Earth?
A) fuel B) air C) electricity D) sun
7. Inanimate nature is...
A) clouds, sand, stone B) plants, buildings, children C) people, animals, air D) people, rain, hail
8. Predatory animals are...
A) wolf, squirrel B) lynx, elk C) fox, hare D) tiger, wolf
9. A device used to determine the sides of the horizon.
A) weather vane B) barometer C) thermometer D) compass
10. The color of the soil and its fertility depend on...
A) humus B) sand C) clay D) small organisms
11. The rivers of Kazakhstan are...
A) Volga, Ishim, Nura B) Lena, Yenisei, Sena C) Ili, Tobol, Amur D) Irtysh, Ishim, Nura
12. The body unites into a single whole...
A) digestive organs B) respiratory organs C) nervous system
13. Signs of difference between humans and animals
A) upright posture, thinking, speech B) body size
C) the ability to defend against enemies D) the ability to arrange homes
14. The long-term weather regime characteristic of a given area is...
A) temperature B) weather C) summary D) climate
15. In Karaganda and Ekibastuz they mine...
A) oil B) gas C) limestone D) coal
16. In what weather does the snow creak under your feet?
A) during the thaw B) c severe frost C) in a snowstorm D) in any weather
17. Indicate a natural phenomenon
A) leaf B) plain C) snowfall D) stone
18. Which countries does Kazakhstan border with?
A) Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan B) Türkiye, Greece, Germany
C) Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Poland D) Ukraine, Georgia, China
19. The sea of Kazakhstan, enduring ecological disaster?
A) Baikal B) Aral C) Balkhash D) Zaisan
20. The most big ocean
A) Atlantic B) Arctic C) Pacific D) Indian
21. Indicate the fossil fuel
A) sand B) coal C) marble D) limestone
22. Security environment- This …
A) the business of an individual state B) the business of the government
C) a national matter D) a matter of the adult part of the population
23. Find the odd one out in each line.
Frog, snake, chameleon, viper, monitor lizard.
Nest, hole, chicken coop, den, anthill.
Bullfinch, nightingale, swan, swallow, thrush.
24.Number the plants in order of changing tiers (from bottom to top).
Birch, moss, strawberries, currants.
25. Distribute these concepts into groups.
Coal, butterfly, sand, north, shark, south, oil, east, fox.
Group 1: ___________________________________
Group 2: ___________________________________
Group 3: _____________________________________
26. Use arrows to indicate what leads to what.
Poaching Shallowing of rivers
Blowout exhaust gases Air pollution
Timber harvesting Extinction of animal species
Deforestation along river banks Declining forests on Earth
27. What unites these concepts?
Rainbow, tornado, thunderstorm, hurricane _____________________________________________
Chlorophytum, begonia, tradescantia, cactus ________________________
Paris, Tokyo, Moscow, Beijing _____________________________________
Hives, grasshopper, cockroach, ladybug ______________________
28. Where is the home of the animals named below? (connect with arrows)
spotted woodpecker soil
earthworm water
Filly grass
Water strider bug trees
29. Snowfall with strong wind is called ____________________________
30. Unravel the words. Which of these animals is the smallest? Emphasize.
RUBIKAS, RIKODOLK, SHUGLYAKA, SCALE, BAKOSA.
Quests to understand the world
for the school Olympiad
(3rd grade)
F.I. ________________________________________________________________________
1. Main organ of the circulatory system:
A) lungs B) heart C) skeleton
2. Which system controls the functioning of all other body systems?
A) circulatory B) digestive C) nervous
3. Choose the correct statement:
A) All bodies are made of substances.
B) Living bodies consist of substances.
C) Nonliving bodies are made up of substances.
4. What color does the flat surface of the Earth indicate on the map?
A) Green B) Brown C) Blue
5. What happens to air when heated?
A) Nothing B) It expands C) It contracts
6. What is the name of the place where a river flows into the sea, lake or other river?
A) Source B) Channel C) Mouth
7. Select the line that lists dense rocks.
A) sand, clay B) granite, marble, coal C) granite, sand, marble
8. Places where mineral deposits occur are called.
A) quarries B) ore C) deposits
9. The property of soil that distinguishes it from rocks is
A) fertility B) humus C) chernozem
10. What plants have no roots, no stems, no leaves, no flowers?
A) Algae B) ferns C) mosses
11. Choose a heat-loving plant:
A) camel thorn B) corn C) wheat
12. Animals that do not have a backbone are called
A) vertebrates B) invertebrates C) worms
13. What is another name for amphibians?
14. What type of animal are turtles?
A) reptiles B) amphibians C) animals
15. What is the official language in Kazakhstan?
A) Kazakh B) Russian C) Kazakh and Russian languages.
16. Underline which of the following minerals are used in their original form:
A) peat B) clay c) ore d) coal e) sand
17. Why, when freezing, ice does not sink to the bottom of the reservoir, but covers it with a crust on top
_______________________________________________________
·____________________
18. When does a hedgehog not prick? ___________________________________________________
19. Connect with an arrow the names of plants with the corresponding names of plant parts used by humans
cucumber root
cabbage leaf
beet fruit
20. What should be done to protect the soil if the soil is destroyed by wind or water flow?
a) remove the remaining soil layer;
b) apply fertilizers and pesticides;
c) build a fence;
d) plant forest belts, properly plow the slopes, and carry out snow retention.
21. Which lake is the deepest on Earth and what is its feature?
__________________________________________________________________________
22.Recognize the plant by the description: “Garlands of small bells hang in the spring between large pointed leaves. And in the summer, where the flowers are, there is a red berry, but don’t put it in your mouth - it’s poisonous.” What kind of plant is this? ________________________________________________________________________
23. Highlight the extra word in each group of words.
1. Rain, snow, precipitation, frost, hail.
2. Oak, wood, alder, poplar, ash.
3. Second, hour, year, evening, week.
24.Complete the row, write the name of the group
1. Oak, aspen, poplar, - ..
2. Barberry, rose hips, - ..
3. Spruce, fir, - ..
4. Tulip, daffodil, - ..
5. Rizhik, boletus, - ..
6. Chicken, turkey,
25. Which snow melts faster: clean or dirty? __________________________
26. Where is the grasshopper's ear? ___________________________________________________
27. Who can drink with their feet? _____________________________________________________
28.Which cow do ants milk?_____________________________________________
29. What animal’s cubs feed on the milk of someone else’s mother?________________
30. Which birds hatch their chicks three times during the summer?___________________________
Topic 3. COGNITIONLevel A assignments
Choose one correct answer out of four. Place an “X” in the box whose number corresponds to the number of the answer you chose.
A1. Images of objects and phenomena that once influenced human senses are called:
1) representations
2) sensations
3) hypotheses
4) concepts
A2. Rational is knowledge:
1) through observation
2) direct contact
3) using intuition
4) through thinking
A3. The possibility of obtaining true knowledge is denied:
1) philosophers
2) sociologists
3) agnostics
4) clergy
A4. Reflection of general and essential features is called:
1) consciousness
2) judgment
3) concept
4) feeling
A5. Method empirical knowledge is not:
1) experiment
2) observation
3) analogy
4) description
A6. Are the following statements correct?
A. Any truth is objective and relative.
B. Absolute truth is practically unattainable.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A7. Are the following statements correct?
A. The opposite of a truth can be another truth. B. The opposite of truth is always error.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A8. " Green plants owe chlorophyll." This statement is an example:
1) ordinary knowledge
2) mythological knowledge
3) empirical knowledge
4) scientific knowledge
A9. Are the following judgments about the purpose of scientific knowledge true:
A. The goal of scientific knowledge is awareness of the laws of processes and phenomena.
B. The purpose of scientific knowledge is to obtain reliable knowledge
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A10. Are the following statements true? speech activity person:
Human speech activity is primarily associated with
A. Sensory knowledge
B. Abstract thinking
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A11. Both absolute and relative truths:
1) are objective in nature
2) always find confirmation in practice
3) provide complete, comprehensive knowledge about the subject
4) can be refuted over time
A12. Among the listed sciences, the study social statuses and roles involved:
2) jurisprudence
3) sociology
4) political science
A13. Are the following statements about false knowledge true?
A. False knowledge is knowledge that does not correspond to the subject of study.
B. False knowledge is knowledge that has not been verified experimentally.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A14. The generalization is integral part
1) production activities
2) sensory knowledge
3) rational thinking
4) gaming activities
A15. Consciousness is ideal, which means:
1) consciousness is in a different dimension than the rest of the world
2) consciousness is a flow of mental experiences
3) consciousness is the inner and deep layer of our life
4) there is not a grain of substance in consciousness; it is devoid of corporeality and sensory tangibility
A16. Among the listed sciences, the functions and forms of the state are studied:
1) sociology
2) political science
3) philosophy
4) history
A17. Which of the following sciences studies society?
1) zoology
2) astronomy
3) sociology
A18. Which of the following sciences studies society?
1) linguistics
2) anatomy
3) genetics
4) jurisprudence
A19. Are the following statements true?
A. Social cognition has the characteristics of any cognitive activity.
B. Social cognition has its own characteristics, determined by the specifics and complexity of the object being studied.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A20. Unlike cognitive activity schoolchild, cognitive activity of a scientist:
1) based on the use of experiment
2) based on creative approach to work
3) develops intellectually
4) aims to discover new, reliable knowledge
A21. Both religious and scientific knowledge:
1) has an objective nature
2) necessary for a person to act rationally
3) can be passed on from generation to generation
4) involves evidence
A22. Only scientific knowledge includes:
1) experimentally based conclusions
2) established facts
3) logical conclusions
4) observation results
A23. Which of the following sciences studies power relations:
1) philosophy
2) history
3) sociology
4) political science
A24. Are the following judgments about the diversity of forms of human knowledge true?
A. Experience Everyday life- this is one of the ways to understand the world.
B. Both scientific and everyday knowledge are characterized by theoretical validity of conclusions.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A25. Among the listed sciences, the study of nations as socio-ethnic groups deals with
1) ethnography
2) sociology
3) anthropology
4) social psychology
A26. The difference between sociology and other social sciences is
1) the study of people as representatives of the human race
2) consideration of the unique, individual traits of a person
3) study of society as an integral phenomenon
4) study of society in all its specificity and diversity
A27. Are judgments about cognition correct?
A. Sensory and rational cognition are stages of a single process of cognition.
B. With the help of the senses, a person receives information about the world around him.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A28. Evidence as a sign of scientific knowledge is specifically expressed
1) in the coincidence of the proposed ideas with many years of experience and intuition of scientists
3) in accordance with the theoretical conclusions and the moral principles of society
4) in confirming scientific knowledge by experience, experiment, laws of logic
A29. Are the following judgments about practice correct?
A. Practice is the basis of knowledge and the criterion of truth.
B. Socio-historical practice is the only criterion of truth.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A30. Which judgment correctly reflects the difference between theoretical knowledge and empirical knowledge?
A. Empirical knowledge is limited to the world of phenomena. The theoretical seeks hidden, internal, essential connections and phenomena behind the visible manifestations.
B. We see as we think; and therefore it is not empirics that determines theory, but, on the contrary, theory—empirics.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
Level B assignments
The answer to level B tasks is a word, a sequence of letters or numbers. In matching tasks, you need to write down the letters of your chosen answers in the correct sequence.
IN 1. What concept does the following definition correspond to?
“Independent use of entire systems of skills mastered by a person, conscious grouping of them in a certain sequence, evaluation of the results of actions, methods of action.”
Answer: ____________________.
AT 2. Complete the phrase: “A person as a bearer of consciousness, endowed with a number of important social properties: the ability to learn, work, communicate with his own kind, participate in the life of society, have spiritual interests, experience complex feelings - this is...”.
Answer: ____________________ .
VZ. Insert the missing word: “... are the simplest learned movements, the implementation of which does not require special effort.”
Answer: ________________________ .
AT 4. What concept does the following definition correspond to?
“Mental properties that are conditions for the successful performance of any one or more types of activity”
Answer: ___________________ .
AT 5. Insert the missing word: “The combination of abilities that provides the ability to creatively perform any activity” is called... for this activity.
Answer: ________________________.
AT 6. Establish a correspondence between the sciences that study man to one degree or another and their brief descriptions. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding positions from the second.
|
THE SCIENCE |
SHORT DESCRIPTION |
|
1. Anatomy |
A. The science of the structure of organisms |
|
2. Philosophy |
B. Science of education and training |
|
3. Pedagogy |
B. The science of society and social relations |
|
4. Biochemistry |
G. Science of biological nature person |
|
5. Physiology |
D. Process Science mental activity person |
|
6. Anthropology |
E. The science of the functions and administrations of organisms |
|
7. Sociology |
G. The science of the chemical substances that make up organisms |
|
8. Psychology |
3. The science of the most general laws of development of nature, society and knowledge |
Answer:
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
AT 7. Match: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding one from the second.
|
CHARACTERISTICS OF KNOWLEDGE |
KIND OF TRUTH |
|
1. Reliable knowledge that does not depend on the opinions and biases of people |
A. Objective truth |
|
2. Exhaustive, complete and reliable knowledge about the objective world |
B. Relative truth |
|
3. Knowledge that gives an approximate and incomplete reflection of reality |
B. Absolute truth |
|
4. Limited knowledge about the object at any given moment | |
|
5. Information corresponding to the actual state of affairs |
Answer:
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
AT 8. Which of the series proposed below represents forms of sensory knowledge, and which - rational? (Write the correct answer as a sequence of numbers in ascending order, in which the first three represent sensory cognition, and the second three represent rational cognition)
1) Feelings
2) Perceptions
3) Judgments
4) Concepts
5) Performances
6) Inferences
Answer: __________________________ .
AT 9. Fill in the missing word:
“Cognition is... a reflection or reproduction of reality
in the human mind."
Answer: _______________________ .
B10. Finish the sentence:
“An inference in which, based on the similarity of objects in one respect, a conclusion is drawn about their similarity in another, is called...”.
AT 11. Finish the sentence:
“The mental connection of several judgments and the derivation of a new judgment from them is called.. ♦.”
Answer:__________________________________________________
AT 12. Complete the sentence by inserting the phrase: “Inferences can be inductive, deductive and...”.
Answer:__________________________________________________
B13. Fill in the missing word:
“Knowledge about society and social phenomena is always loaded with evaluation, therefore, it is ... knowledge.”
Answer:__________________________________________________
Level C assignments
Give a detailed answer.
C1. Name the forms of sensory knowledge. C2. Name the levels of scientific knowledge.
NW. What is the specificity of social cognition? Justify your answer based on three reasons.
C4. Name any two differences between educational knowledge and scientific knowledge and illustrate each with examples.
C5. “How to know yourself? Not by contemplation, only by actions. Try to do your duty, and you will immediately know yourself.” (I. Tete)
1) What kind of knowledge is Goethe talking about?
3) Which other philosopher asked the question: “What is a person”?
Sat. Read the passage and answer the questions about it. “The most significant event in the science of the 20th century is the feeling of the end of science... At the beginning of the 20th century, new concepts still arose that turned the idea of the world upside down (quantum mechanics, the theory of relativity, genetics). But in the second half of the 20th century, nothing like that
Did not happen. Satellites and computers are not science, but technology. Science discovers the laws of nature."
1) What does one of the Russian scientists understand by the “sense of the end of science” in the 20th century?
What does he see as the main purpose of science? Do you agree with the author? Justify your answer using two specific examples. What is a concept in science? Give a definition. Do you agree with the author’s opinion that “satellites and computers are not science, but technology”? Justify your answer with a specific example.
C7. Read the text and complete the tasks for it.
HOW SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS STUDY HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Conclusions that are drawn from everyday experience and from the accumulated wisdom of philosophers, poets and writers are often insightful and informative, but not sufficiently conclusive. Common sense often presents us with dilemmas and unsolved mysteries in cases concerning human social behavior. To understand it, it is important to turn to scientific methods...
The term "scientific" does not denote a select group of highly developed fields human activity. Rather, it points to a general set of methods—techniques that can be used for a wide range of problems. Therefore, if we are trying to understand whether a particular field is scientific, key issue becomes the following: does she use scientific procedures? If not, then it turns out to be outside the scope of science.
These methods and procedures involve attempts to collect systematic information about the problems of interest to the researcher plus a skeptical attitude towards them. A basic premise of science is the belief that all basic assumptions about physical world must be checked and re-checked in order to accept them as truth...
IN social psychology, which studies the causes of social behavior and social thinking, most often uses the experimental method, in which researchers try to change one variable in order to observe the effect of this on other variables, and the correlation method, when the scientist simply observes naturally occurring changes in the variables of interest to find out the relationships whether they.
1) What types of knowledge are mentioned in this text?
4) Which two? scientific methods in the field of social psychology is stated in this passage? State the significant difference between them. Based on knowledge from the social science course, name another method that can be used in the scientific knowledge of social phenomena.
C8. Choose one of the proposed statements for reasoning in the form of an essay. Write an essay like this.
“Why am I an artist and not a philosopher? Because I think in words, not ideas." (A. Camus)
1. “...A thing does not cease to be true because it is not recognized by many.” (B. Spinoza)
3. “There is no such ignoramus who could not ask more questions than the most knowledgeable person ». (M.V. Lomonosov)
Topic 3. Cognition
LEVEL A
|
№ tasks |
Correct answer |
|
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
4 |
|
3 |
3 |
|
4 |
3 |
|
5 |
3 |
|
6 |
2 |
|
7 |
2 |
|
8 |
4 |
|
9 |
3 |
|
10 |
2 |
|
11 |
1 |
|
12 |
3 |
|
13 |
1 |
|
14 |
3 |
|
15 |
4 |
|
16 |
2 |
|
17 |
3 |
|
18 |
4 |
|
19 |
3 |
|
20 |
4 |
|
21 |
3 |
|
22 |
1 |
|
23 |
4 |
|
24 |
1 |
|
25 |
2 |
|
26 |
3 |
|
27 |
3 |
|
28 |
4 |
|
29 |
1 |
|
30 |
1 |
LEVEL B
|
№ tasks |
Correct answer |
|
1 |
Skills |
|
2 |
Personality |
|
3 |
Skills |
|
4 |
Capabilities |
|
5 |
Talent |
|
6 |
1- A; 2 - 3;3 - B; 4 - F; 5 - E; 6 - G; 7 - B; 8 - D |
|
7 |
1- A; 2 - B; 3 - B; 4 - B; 5 - A |
|
8 |
3, 4, 5, 6 |
|
9 |
Active |
|
10 |
Analogy |
|
11 |
Inference |
|
12 |
Similarly |
|
13 |
Value |
LEVEL C
C1. Correct answer:
Feel;
perception;
representation.
C2. Empirical and theoretical.
NW. The correct answer must contain the following items:
in social cognition, the subject of cognition (a person) coincides with the object of cognition (society), since the subject himself is a member of a given society, i.e. studies “oneself”;
The position of the researcher always influences the assessment of the fact, i.e. the researcher is an active subject, his assessment is largely personal and may depend, for example, on the ideology of society, views historical era. Social knowledge always valuable;
in social cognition methods natural sciences unacceptable, since society is a world of living people. If natural science is focused on a cause-and-effect explanation of phenomena, then social cognition is focused on understanding meanings and goals. Other reasons for the judgment may be given that do not distort its meaning.
C4. The answer must contain the following items:
if a student “discovers” new knowledge, then it is new for him, and not for science;
the student acquires ready-made knowledge presented in textbooks and other sources of knowledge, and the scientist “extracts” it;
the student uses teaching techniques, and the scientist uses the methods of science. For example, a laboratory experiment in educational activities different from a scientific experiment.
Other examples can be given, but they do not distort the meaning of the judgments.
C5. The answer must contain the following items:
1) Goethe talks about self-knowledge;
3) the names of Aristotle, I. Kant, F. Nietzsche and others can be mentioned.
Sat. The correct answer must contain the following:
1) The scientist believes that in the second half of the 20th century there were no new theoretical discoveries equal to the discovery quantum mechanics, theory of relativity, genetics.
2) The correct answer may contain the following positions: The scientist sees the main purpose of science in the discovery of the laws of nature. If you disagree: Science studies not only the laws of nature, but also the laws of social development. Thus, the underestimation of sociological science during the Soviet period of development of our country led to a gap between the declared provisions and reality. Or was it the lack of market regulation mechanisms that had a detrimental effect on the economy?
economy.
Other examples may be given to support your point.
vision.
3) The correct answer may include the following:
A concept is a multi-valued concept, its main meanings are an idea, a plan, a point of view, a system of views united by a common logic, a guiding principle, an interpretation.
4) If the answer is negative, arguments can be given in favor of the fact that modern world science has become an active productive force, and modern society- post-industrial, technogenic.
On the other hand, the widespread introduction of computers and satellites into society can have negative consequences. Any examples that reveal your own point of view can be given.
1) The answer may include the following types knowledge mentioned in the text:
Ordinary (everyday);
Philosophical;
By means of art;
Scientific.
2) The answer may indicate the following features of scientific knowledge:
Use of special methods;
Collection of systematic information;
Evidence;
Checking and double-checking the received data
Insufficient evidence of non-scientific knowledge;
The emergence of “unsolvable mysteries and dilemmas.”
An example of the last flaw can be any pair of mutually exclusive statements: “You can’t pull a fish out of a pond without work” and “Work is not a wolf, it won’t run into the forest.” There should be no distortion of judgment in the examples.
4) The answer must indicate:
Experimental method and correlation method;
Within an experiment, changes can be made to only one of the variables being studied. With correlation, simple observation of natural processes occurs.
Other methods of social cognition may include:
Proposing hypotheses;
Building theories.
Theme "Cognition". Part 1 . Level A assignments.
A1. Both sensory and rational cognition
1) forms knowledge and ideas about the subject
2) uses logical reasoning
3) starts with a feeling
4) gives a visual image of the object
A2. Both religious and scientific knowledge about the world are characterized by the fact that they
1) are objective in nature
2) assume evidence
3) can be passed on from generation to generation
4) necessary for a person to function rationally
A3. Are the following statements about the development of science correct?
A. The development of science is impossible without relying on the achievements of predecessors.
B. Scientific revolutions disprove all previously existing theories.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A4. A concept is a form of thought that
1) reflects the direct impact of the surrounding world on the senses
2) identifies common essential features of cognizable objects and phenomena
3) forms a visual image of the object
4) records various combinations of human sensations
A5. Among the listed sciences are functions and forms state power studies
1) economics
2) sociology
3) cultural studies
4) political science
A6. Are the following judgments about practice as a criterion of truth correct?
A. Practice is a criterion for the truth of our knowledge about the world.
B. Practice is not the only criterion of truth, because there are phenomena that are inaccessible to practical influence on them.
1)Only A is correct.
2) Only B is correct.
3) Both judgments are correct.
4)Both judgments are incorrect.
A7. Rational knowledge, in contrast to sensory,
1) expands knowledge about the world around us
2) forms a visual image of the object
3) carried out in the form of sensations and perceptions
4) uses logical reasoning
A8. Conclusion: “The age of our planet is about 5 billion years,” is the result
1) theoretical analysis
2)social experiment
3)direct observation
4) generalizations of everyday experience
A9. Are the following statements about social knowledge true?
A. Social knowledge is associated with the interests of the subjects of social knowledge.
B. Social knowledge is characterized by uniformity of views and approaches.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A10. Which of these factors makes the problem of social responsibility of scientists especially relevant these days?
1) modern science strives for knowledge of the truth
2) the consequences of scientific research are becoming increasingly ambiguous
3) the struggle in the high technology market has intensified
4) all scientists primarily strive to obtain commercial profit from their research
A11. Are the following statements characterizing science true?
A. Science is characterized by comprehension of the laws of development of nature, society and thinking.
B. Science is characterized by description, explanation and prediction
processes and phenomena of reality.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A12. Of the listed sciences, knowledge of society as an integral dynamic system deals with
1) psychology
2) sociology
3) political science
4) cultural studies
A13. Are the following truth statements true?
A.Only knowledge that is obtained experimentally is true.
B. Only that knowledge is true that corresponds to the moral ideas of people.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A14. Images of objects and phenomena that once influenced human senses are called:
1) representations
2) sensations
3) hypotheses
4) concepts
A15. Rational is knowledge:
1) through observation
2) direct contact
3) using intuition
4) through thinking
A16. The possibility of obtaining true knowledge is denied:
1) philosophers
2) sociologists
3) agnostics
4) clergy
A17. Reflection of general and essential features is called:
1) consciousness
2) judgment
3) concept
4) feeling
A18. The method of empirical knowledge is not:
1) experiment
2) observation
3) analogy
4) description
A19. Are the following statements correct?
A. Any truth is objective and relative.
B. Absolute truth is practically unattainable.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A20. Are the following statements correct?
A. The opposite of a truth can be another truth.
B. The opposite of truth is always error.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A21. “Plants owe their green color to chlorophyll.” This statement is an example:
1) ordinary knowledge
2) mythological knowledge
3) empirical knowledge
4) scientific knowledge
A22. Are the following judgments about the purpose of scientific knowledge true:
A. The goal of scientific knowledge is awareness of the laws of processes and phenomena.
B. The purpose of scientific knowledge is to obtain reliable knowledge
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A23. Are the following judgments about human speech activity true:
Human speech activity is primarily associated with
A. Sensory cognition
B. Abstract thinking
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A24. Both absolute and relative truths:
1) are objective in nature
2) always find confirmation in practice
3) provide complete, comprehensive knowledge about the subject
4) can be refuted over time
A25. Among the listed sciences, the study of social statuses and roles is concerned with:
2) jurisprudence
3) sociology
4) political science
A26. Are the following statements about false knowledge true?
A. False knowledge is knowledge that does not correspond to the subject of study.
B. Knowledge that has not been verified experimentally is false.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A27. Generalization is an integral part
1) production activities
2) sensory knowledge
3) rational thinking
4) gaming activities
A 28. Consciousness is ideal, which means:
1) consciousness is in a different dimension than the rest of the world
2) consciousness is a flow of mental experiences
3) consciousness is the inner and deep layer of our life
4) there is not a single gram of substance in consciousness; it is devoid of corporeality and sensory tangibility
A29. Among the listed sciences, the functions and forms of the state are studied:
1) sociology
2) political science
3) philosophy
4) history
A30. Which of the following sciences studies society?
1) zoology
2) astronomy
3) sociology
A31. Which of the following sciences studies society?
1) linguistics
2) anatomy
3) genetics
4) jurisprudence
A32. Are the following statements true?
A. Social cognition has the characteristics of any cognitive activity.
B. Social cognition has its own characteristics, due to the specifics and
complexity of the object being studied.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A33. Unlike the cognitive activity of a schoolchild, cognitive
activity of a scientist:
1) based on the use of experiment
2) is based on a creative approach to work
3) develops intellectually
4) aims to discover new, reliable knowledge
A34. Both religious and scientific knowledge:
1) has an objective nature
2) necessary for a person to act rationally
3) can be passed on from generation to generation
4) involves evidence
A35. Only scientific knowledge includes:
1) experimentally based conclusions
2) established facts
3) logical conclusions
4) observation results
A36. Which of the following sciences studies power relations:
1) philosophy
2) history
3) sociology
4) political science
A37. Are the following judgments about the diversity of forms of human knowledge true?
A. The experience of everyday life is one of the ways to understand the world.
B. Both scientific and everyday knowledge are characterized by theoretical validity of conclusions.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A38. Among the listed sciences, the study of nations as socio-ethnic groups deals with
1) ethnography
2) sociology
3) anthropology
4) social psychology
A39. The difference between sociology and other social sciences is
1) the study of people as representatives of the human race
2) consideration of the unique, individual traits of a person
3) study of society as an integral phenomenon
4) study of society in all its specificity and diversity
A40. Are judgments about cognition correct?
A. Sensory and rational cognition are stages of a single process of cognition.
B. With the help of the senses, a person receives information about the world around him.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A41. Evidence as a sign of scientific knowledge is specifically expressed
1) in the coincidence of the proposed ideas with many years of experience and intuition of scientists
3) in accordance with the theoretical conclusions and the moral principles of society
4) in confirming scientific knowledge by experience, experiment, laws of logic
A42. Are the following judgments about practice correct?
A. Practice is the basis of knowledge and the criterion of truth.
B. Socio-historical practice is the only criterion of truth.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A43. Which judgment correctly reflects the difference between theoretical knowledge and empirical knowledge?
A. Empirical knowledge is limited to the world of phenomena. Looking for the theoretical
behind the visible manifestations there are hidden, internal, essential connections and phenomena.
B. We see as we think; and therefore it is not empirics that determines theory, but on the contrary,
theory - empirics.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A44. “Individuality is the unique identity of a person, a set of his unique
properties". This statement is an example
1) artistic image
2) parascientific knowledge
3) common sense judgments
4) scientific knowledge
A45. Conclusion: “Friends are made in adversity” is the result
1) parascientific knowledge
2) generalizations life experience
3) fiction
4) experimental verification
A46. Cognition through the means of art necessarily involves the use
1) abstract concepts
2) artistic images
3) scientific instruments
4) abstract models
A47. Are the following truth statements true?
A. Truth is an objective reflection of objects and phenomena in human consciousness.
B. Truth is the result of knowledge, existing only in the form of concepts, judgments and theories.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A48. Are the following truth statements true?
A. Path to absolute truth goes through relative truths.
B. Relative truth is complete, unchanging knowledge.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A49. The results of knowledge are:
4) misconceptions
A50. Are the following statements true?
A. “Consciousness is impossible without the human brain, it is its property.”
B. “Everything that is contained in the human psyche is his consciousness.”
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A51. Are the following statements true?
A. “The features of consciousness are found only in outside world, in human activity."
B. “Consciousness is solely a function of the brain and is independent of environmental influences.”
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A52. Images of objects and phenomena that once influenced human senses are called:
1) hypotheses
2) concepts
3) representations
4) opinions
A53. The criteria of truth are:
1) experience, practice
2) management opinion
3) compliance with the prevailing teaching in society
4) compliance with the laws of logic
A54. In what three forms Does rational cognition manifest itself?
1) sensation, perception, idea
2) concept, representation, inference
3) concept, judgment, inference
4) idea, judgment, sensation
A55. Are the following judgments about scientific knowledge true?
Theoretical scientific knowledge
A. Fixed in the form of laws.
B. Help explain and predict phenomena.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both A and B are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A56. Both sensory and rational cognition
2) rely on ideas about the subject
3) begin with subjective sensations
4) reflect the essential properties of the object
A57. An example of what kind of knowledge is the statement: “Inclinations are the natural basis of abilities”?
1) parascientific
2) mythological
3) scientific
4) ordinary
A58. Indicate what is not a theoretical method of cognition:
1) hypothesis
2) experiment
4) analogy
A59. Utopian knowledge differs from knowledge acquired in the everyday life of people in that it:
1) develops spontaneously, in the process of mastering the “living” experience of people
2) acquired without special cognitive activity
4) determined by social practice
A60. Scientific knowledge differs from artistic art in that it:
1) realizes himself in a cult
2) involves evidence
3) thinks in artistic images
4) thinks in terms
A61. Indicate which of the following is not a form of sensory knowledge:
1) judgment
2) presentation
3) sensation
4) perception
A62. Scientific knowledge differs from non-scientific knowledge in that it:
1) develops in the process of mastering the “living” experience of people
2) deliberately emphasizes conjectures and premises
3) deliberately distorts ideas about reality
4) has a systematic approach, a specific language, methods and forms of cognition that are unique to it and, ultimately, are determined by social practice.
Level B assignments
IN 1. What concept does the following definition correspond to?
“Independent use of entire systems of skills mastered by a person, conscious grouping of them in a certain sequence, assessment
results of actions, methods of action"
______
AT 2. Complete the phrase: “A person as a bearer of consciousness, endowed with a number of important social properties: the ability to learn, work, communicate with others like themselves, participate in the life of society, have spiritual interests, experience complex feelings - this is ...”
_____
AT 3. Insert the missing word: “... - these are the most learned movements, the implementation of which does not require special effort.”
AT 4. What concept does the following definition correspond to?
"Mental properties that are conditions successful implementation any one or more types of activity"
________
AT 5. Insert the missing word: “The combination of abilities that provides the ability to creatively perform any activity” is called... for this activity.
AT 6. Establish a correspondence between the sciences that study man to one degree or another and their brief descriptions. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding positions from the second.
SCIENCE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
1. Anatomy A. The science of the structure of organisms
2. Philosophy B. The science of education and training
3. Pedagogy B. The science of society and social relations
4. Biochemistry G. The science of human biological nature
5. Physiology D. The science of the processes of human mental activity
6. Anthropology E. The science of the functions and functions of organisms
7. Sociology J. The science of the chemical substances that make up organisms
8. PsychologyZ. The science of the most general laws of development of nature, society and knowledge
Answer: _____________________________
AT 7. Match: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding one from the second.
CHARACTERISTICS OF KNOWLEDGE KIND OF TRUTH
1. Reliable knowledge that does not depend on the opinions and biases of people
2. Exhaustive, complete and reliable knowledge about the objective world
3. Knowledge that gives an approximate and incomplete reflection of reality
4. Limited knowledge about the object at any given moment
5. Information corresponding to the actual state of affairs
A. Objective truth
B. Relative truth
B. Absolute truth
Answer: _______________________________
AT 8. Which of the series proposed below represents forms of sensory knowledge, and which - rational? (Write the correct answer as a sequence of numbers in ascending order, in which the first three represent sensory cognition, and the second three represent rational cognition)
1) Feelings
2) Perceptions
3) Judgments
4) Concepts
5) Performances
6) Inferences
Answer: _____________________________________________________
AT 9. Fill in the missing word:
“Cognition is... the reflection or reproduction of reality in the human mind.”
Answer: ____________________________________________________
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Finish the sentence:
“An inference in which, based on the similarity of objects in one respect, a conclusion is drawn about their similarity in another, is called...”.
Answer: ________________________________________________________
AT 11. Finish the sentence:
“The mental connection of several judgments and the derivation of a new judgment from them is called...”.
AT 12. Complete the sentence by inserting the phrase:
“Inferences can be inductive, deductive and...”
Answer:________________________ ,__________________________
B13. Fill in the missing word:
“Knowledge about society and social phenomena is always loaded with evaluation, therefore, it is ... knowledge.”
Answer:__________________________________________________
B14. Name the concept that corresponds to the definition ... - this is a continuously changing set of sensory and mental images, in many ways anticipating the practical activities of a person.
Answer: __________________________________
Q 15. Insert the missing word, choosing it from the suggested ones:
“No matter how perfect a bird’s wing is, it could never lift it up without relying on the air. ________ is the air of a scientist. Without them you will never be able to take off. Without them, your theory is empty attempts” (I.P. Pavlov)
1) Intentions
2) Assumptions
4) Beliefs
Answer: _________________________________________
B16. Classify the concepts listed below as follows.
The first three should represent abstract (to one degree or another) (A), the next three – concrete (B). Enter the numbers following the suggested sequence:
1) Grand Theatre in Moscow;
2) suit;
4) actor A. Mikhailov
5) feeling;
6) “La Gioconda” by Leonardo da Vinci.
Answer: ________________________________
B17. Insert the missing word into the text fragment “Undoubted, invariably established knowledge once and for all is called ... truth”
Answer: ________________________________
B18. Complete the phrase: “Knowledge is the result ... of human activity, of society as a whole.”
Answer: __________________________________
B19. Fill in the missing word in the text fragment. “Theoretical understanding of reality is the immediate goal of ... knowledge.”
Answer: __________________________________
IN 20. Name the concepts that correspond to the definitions.
1) __________ is an idea, plan, point of view, system of views, united general logic, guiding principle, interpretation.
2) __________ is a system of basic ideas, a set of scientific principles united by a common principle in any branch of knowledge.
Answer: _________________________________________________________
AT 21. Name the concept that matches the definition.
“Direct insight,” that is, knowledge that arises without awareness of the ways and conditions of its acquisition, a kind of insight that comprehends a person who, as a rule, skillfully, persistently and systematically masters another area of reality, is ________________.
Answer: _____________________________
B22. Fill in the word in place of the blank.
With the help of language, a thought is not only formulated, but also _____.
Answer: ______________________
B23. Fill in the word in place of the blanks.
A situation when a person says: “I understand everything, but I can’t say it” does not indicate that there can be thinking without speech, but only that this person has no developed skills translation of __________ speech into _________.
B24. Establish a correspondence between the mental processes involved in the process of cognition and their brief descriptions.
MENTAL PROCESSES DESCRIPTION
1) feeling
A) “direct discretion”, knowledge that arises without awareness of the ways and conditions of its acquisition; a certain insight that befalls a person who, as a rule, skillfully, persistently and systematically masters one or another area of reality
2) perception
B) construction, based on a combination of one’s ideas, of new, previously non-existent images
3) presentation
C) image, reflection, copy, snapshot of a separate property of an object and phenomenon of the objective world
4) imagination
D) indirect and generalized reflection of essential properties in the human brain, causal relationships and natural connections of things
5) intuition
D) “traces” in memory, according to which a person restores, when he needs, images of objects and phenomena that once influenced his senses
6) thinking
E) a holistic image of an object that affects the senses
B25. Establish a correspondence between techniques and forms of thinking and their brief descriptions.
TECHNIQUES AND FORMS OF THINKING DESCRIPTION
A) establishing the similarities or differences between objects
B) mental decomposition of an object into its constituent parts
3) comparison
C) a form of thought in which, with the help of a connection of concepts, something about something is affirmed or denied
4) concept
D) a thinking process that allows one to derive a new judgment from two or more judgments
5)judgment
D) thought reflecting objects in their general and essential characteristics
6) inference
E) mental unification into a whole of elements dissected by analysis
B26. Which of the following conclusions can be attributed to deduction?
(A), and which ones - to induction (B)?
1) All metals conduct electricity. Lead and copper are metals. Therefore, lead and copper conduct electricity.
2) The cabbage plant needs watering for normal development. The cotton plant also needs watering. And the tomato plant also needs to be watered. Therefore, all of the above and other plants require
watering, that is, regular natural or artificial introduction of a certain amount of moisture into the soil.
B27. In what cases do we talk about a person’s lack of consciousness:
1) when he acts illogically
2) during sleep
3) under the influence of anesthesia
4) during a period of strong excitement
5) while watching television programs
6) during a period of severe mental illness
7) when participating in computer games?
B28. Find the distinguishing characteristics of social cognition in the list below and circle the numbers they appear under:
1) rational
2) religious
3) mythological
4) scientific
5) sensual
B29. Select the characteristics of the sensory stage of cognition and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) reflection of objects and their properties in the form of a holistic image
2) fixation of the essential properties of the object
3) storing a generalized image of an object in memory
4) affirmation or denial of something about a subject
5) reflection in the human mind of individual properties of an object
B30. Establish a correspondence between the forms and types of cognition: for each position given in the first column, select a position from the second column.
FORMS OF KNOWLEDGE
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
1) concept
A) sensory cognition
2) inference
3) perception
B) rational knowledge
4) feeling
Answer: ___________________________
Part 1. Level A
Job No.
Part 2. Level B.
2 Personality
4 Abilities
6 A;Z;B;F;E;D;C;D
7 A;B;B;B;A
9 Active
10 Analogy
11 Inference
12 By analogy
13 Value
14 Consciousness
16 A-2,3,5; B-1,4,6
17 Absolute
18 Cognitive
19 Scientific
20 A) Concept; B) Theory
21 Intuition
22 Forming
23 Internal, external
24 V;E;D;B;A;G
1 . Both sensory and rational cognition
1) forms knowledge and ideas about the subject
2) uses logical reasoning 3) starts with a feeling
4) gives a visual image of the object
2 . A concept is a form of thought that
1) reflects the direct impact of the environment on
sense organs 2) reveals general essential features of cognizable objects
and phenomena 3) forms a visual image of the object
4) records various combinations of human sensations
3 . Rational knowledge, in contrast to sensory,
1) expands knowledge about the world around us 2) forms a visual image of the subject
3) is carried out in the form of sensations and perceptions 4) uses logical conclusions
4 . Images of objects and phenomena that once influenced human senses are called: 1) ideas 2) sensations 3) hypotheses 4) concepts
5. Rational is knowledge: 1) through observation 2) direct contact 3) through intuition 4) through thinking
6 . Reflection of general and essential features is called:
1) consciousness 2) judgment 3) concept 4) sensation
7 . “Plants owe their green color to chlorophyll.” This statement is an example of: 1) ordinary knowledge 2) mythological knowledge 3) empirical knowledge 4) scientific knowledge
8 . Generalization is an integral part of 1) production activity 2) sensory cognition 3) rational thinking 4) gaming activity
9 . Unlike the cognitive activity of a schoolchild, cognitive
the activity of a scientist: 1) is based on the use of experiment 2) is based on a creative approach to work 3) develops intellectually 4) aims to discover new, reliable knowledge
10 . Conclusion: “Friends are in need” is the result of 1) parascientific knowledge 2) generalization of life experience 3) artistic fiction 4) experimental testing
11 . Images of objects and phenomena that once influenced
to the human senses are called: 1) hypotheses 2) concepts 3) ideas 4) opinions
12 . The criteria of truth are: 1) experience, practice 2) management opinion
3) compliance with the prevailing teaching in society 4) compliance with the laws of logic
13. In what three forms does rational knowledge manifest itself?
1) sensation, perception, idea 2) concept, idea, inference
3) concept, judgment, inference 4) idea, judgment, sensation
14 . Please indicate which of the following is not a form
sensory cognition: 1) judgment 2) representation 3) sensation 4) perception
IN 1. Match: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding one from the second.
AT 2.
MENTAL PROCESSES | DESCRIPTION |
1) feeling | A) “direct discretion”, knowledge that arises without awareness of the ways and conditions of its acquisition; a certain insight that befalls a person who, as a rule, skillfully, persistently and systematically masters one or another area of reality |
2) perception | B) construction, based on a combination of one’s ideas, of new, previously non-existent images |
3) presentation | C) image, reflection, copy, snapshot of a separate property of an object and phenomenon of the objective world |
4) imagination | D) indirect and generalized reflection in the human brain of essential properties, causal relationships and natural connections of things |
5) intuition | D) “traces” in memory, according to which a person restores, when he needs, images of objects and phenomena that once influenced his senses |
6) thinking | E) a holistic image of an object that affects the senses |
AT 3.
their brief descriptions.
TECHNIQUES AND FORMS THINKING | DESCRIPTION |
A) establishing the similarities or differences between objects |
|
B) mental decomposition of an object into its constituent parts |
|
3) comparison | C) a form of thought in which, with the help of a connection of concepts, something about something is affirmed or denied |
4) concept | D) a thinking process that allows one to derive a new judgment from two or more judgments |
5)judgment | D) thought reflecting objects in their general and essential characteristics |
6) inference | E) mental unification into a whole of elements dissected by analysis |
AT 4.
1) All metals conduct electricity. Lead and copper are metals.
Therefore, lead and copper conduct electricity.
2) The cabbage plant needs watering for normal development.
The cotton plant also needs watering. And a tomato plant
also needs to be watered. Therefore, all of the above
and other plants need for normal growth and development
watering, that is, regular natural or artificial
adding a certain amount of moisture to the soil.
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Test work on the topic “Knowledge and Cognition” with answers, grade 10
1 . Both sensory and rational cognition
1) forms knowledge and ideas about the subject
2) uses logical reasoning 3) starts with a feeling
4) gives a visual image of the object
2 . A concept is a form of thought that
1) reflects the direct impact of the environment on
sense organs 2) reveals general essential features of cognizable objects
and phenomena 3) forms a visual image of the object
4) records various combinations of human sensations
3 . Rational knowledge, in contrast to sensory,
1) expands knowledge about the world around us 2) forms a visual image of the subject
3) is carried out in the form of sensations and perceptions 4) uses logical inferences
4 . Images of objects and phenomena that once influenced human senses are called: 1) ideas 2) sensations 3) hypotheses 4) concepts
5. Rational is knowledge: 1) through observation 2) direct contact 3) through intuition 4) through thinking
6 . Reflection of general and essential features is called:
1) consciousness 2) judgment 3) concept 4) sensation
7 . “Plants owe their green color to chlorophyll.” This statement is an example of: 1) ordinary knowledge 2) mythological knowledge 3) empirical knowledge 4) scientific knowledge
8 . Generalization is an integral part of 1) production activity 2) sensory cognition 3) rational thinking 4) gaming activity
9 . Unlike the cognitive activity of a schoolchild, cognitive
the activity of a scientist: 1) is based on the use of experiment 2) is based on a creative approach to work 3) develops intellectually 4) aims to discover new, reliable knowledge
10 . Conclusion: “Friends are in need” is the result of 1) parascientific knowledge 2) generalization of life experience 3) artistic fiction 4) experimental testing
11 . Images of objects and phenomena that once influenced
to the human senses are called: 1) hypotheses 2) concepts 3) ideas 4) opinions
12 . The criteria of truth are: 1) experience, practice 2) management opinion
3) compliance with the prevailing teaching in society 4) compliance with the laws of logic
13. In what three forms does rational knowledge manifest itself?
1) sensation, perception, idea 2) concept, idea, inference
3) concept, judgment, inference 4) idea, judgment, sensation
14 . Please indicate which of the following is not a form
sensory cognition: 1) judgment 2) representation 3) sensation 4) perception
IN 1. Match: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding one from the second.
CHARACTERISTICS OF KNOWLEDGE | KIND OF TRUTH |
1. Reliable knowledge that does not depend on the opinions and biases of people | A. Objective truth |
2. Exhaustive, complete and reliable knowledge about the objective world | B. Relative truth |
3. Knowledge that gives an approximate and incomplete reflection of reality | B. Absolute truth |
4. Limited knowledge about the object at any given moment | |
5. Information corresponding to the actual state of affairs |
AT 2. Establish a correspondence between mental processes,
participating in the process of cognition, and their brief descriptions.
MENTAL PROCESSES | DESCRIPTION |
1) feeling | A) “direct discretion”, knowledge that arises without awareness of the ways and conditions of its acquisition; a certain insight that befalls a person who, as a rule, skillfully, persistently and systematically masters one or another area of reality |
2) perception | B) construction, based on a combination of one’s ideas, of new, previously non-existent images |
3) presentation | C) image, reflection, copy, snapshot of a separate property of an object and phenomenon of the objective world |
4) imagination | D) indirect and generalized reflection in the human brain of essential properties, causal relationships and natural connections of things |
5) intuition | D) “traces” in memory, according to which a person restores, when he needs, images of objects and phenomena that once influenced his senses |
6) thinking | E) a holistic image of an object that affects the senses |
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between techniques and forms of thinking and
their brief descriptions.
TECHNIQUES AND FORMS THINKING | DESCRIPTION |
1) analysis | A) establishing the similarities or differences between objects |
2) synthesis | B) mental decomposition of an object into its constituent parts |
3) comparison | C) a form of thought in which, with the help of a connection of concepts, something about something is affirmed or denied |
4) concept | D) a thinking process that allows one to derive a new judgment from two or more judgments |
5)judgment | D) thought reflecting objects in their general and essential characteristics |
6) inference | E) mental unification into a whole of elements dissected by analysis |
AT 4 . Which of the following conclusions can be attributed to deduction?
(A), and which ones - to induction (B)?
1) All metals conduct electricity. Lead and copper are metals.
Therefore, lead and copper conduct electricity.
2) The cabbage plant needs watering for normal development.
The cotton plant also needs watering. And a tomato plant
also needs to be watered. Therefore, all of the above
and other plants need for normal growth and development
watering, that is, regular natural or artificial
adding a certain amount of moisture to the soil.
Answers:
ABBBA |
|
WEDBAG |
|
BEADVG |
|
A-1; 2-B |
