1. What is the difference between complex and complex sentences?
Compound and complex sentences differ in unions: parts of a complex sentence connect coordinating unions, and parts of a complex sentence - subordinating. The parts of a complex sentence are in subordination: one of them is the main one, and the others are dependent (subordinate), in a compound sentence, the parts are not subordinate to each other, but are connected, like homogeneous members of the sentence.
2. What means of communication in a complex sentence do you know? What do they have in common and how do they differ?
Parts of a complex sentence can be connected subordinating unions or allied words. Allied words are relative pronouns or adverbs that are used as a connection in a complex sentence. They differ from unions in that they answer questions and are members of a sentence. For example, in the sentence I took an apple that was on the table. a word that is a union word: it connects the parts of the complex, and in the subordinate clause is the subject. The common thing between unions and allied words is the function that they perform in a sentence - the connection between parts.
3. What is the role of demonstrative words in a complex sentence?
Pointers help connect parts of a complex and can emphasize an aspect. For example, in the sentence I liked the picture that hung in the living room. the demonstrative word ta emphasizes an indication of a specific picture, in addition, it helps to connect parts of a complex one. Pointing words are demonstrative pronouns or adverbs, they are always in the main clause.
4. What place in relation to the main clause in a complex sentence can subordinate clauses take?
Relative clauses can take any place in relation to the main clause: they can stand before it, after it, or break it and stand in the middle. For example: If we are late, grandfather will warn Maria Petrovna about our arrival. Grandfather will warn Maria Petrovna of our arrival if we are late. Grandfather will warn Maria Petrovna if we are late about our arrival.
5. What semantic relations can be expressed in complex sentences depending on their structure?
In complex sentences, clarification relations, causes, effects, and many others can be expressed. They depend on which union is used in the sentence. In addition, the clause can be attached to the whole sentence (It happened when he was away.) or to individual words(I wanted to buy the dress that I saw in the window.).
6. Tell us about the types of complex sentences, give examples.
The type of a complex sentence depends on the type of the subordinate clause. They may be
Explanatory: I thought the lesson was already over.
Definitive: Victor chose the roses that the seller showed him.
circumstantial, which, in turn, are divided into
Places: We came to where the Moskva River began its run.
Time: it happened when he came for the holidays.
Conditions: If he agrees, then I will not argue.
Reasons: He was late because he twisted his leg.
Goals: Mikhail dropped by home to have lunch.
Consequences: It was already very cold, so that in the mornings an ice crust began to appear on the puddles.
Concessions: Although today is a day off, we decided to get up early.
Comparisons: He drove as aggressively as his father had driven before.
Measures and degrees: He is guilty in the same measure as all of us.
Mode of action: It was already cold, as is usually the case at this time.
Traditionally (and in school grammar) a compound sentence was understood as a combination of simple sentences, achieved with the help of certain syntactic means and characterized by semantic, constructive and intonational integrity. But its parts are not simple sentences, because: 1) they often cannot be independent communicative units, but exist only as part of a complex one; 2) do not have intonation completeness; 3) the entire sentence fully answers one information question, i.e. is one communication unit. It is more correct to consider them not as simple sentences, but as predicative units.
Classification of complex sentences
Let us analyze compound and complex sentences, examples and their classification. Let's start with the fact that both are complex. Complex sentences differ in the nature of the connection, the nature of the predicative units, the order of the parts. They are allied and non-union. Allied, which we will focus on in this article, in turn, are divided into compound and complex sentences (see examples below).
Compound sentence (CSP)
SSP are such complex sentences, parts of which are connected coordinating conjunctions and are grammatically independent of each other, i.e. are in relation to equality, equivalence.
The specificity of coordinating unions lies primarily in the fact that they are in a fixed position - always between the connected predicative units (except for repeating unions). They are not included in any of the parts of compound sentences. When the order of predicative units is changed, the place of the conjunction does not change. Analysis of a compound sentence, examples of its various types are given in this article.
Related videos
Classification of compound unions
The classification of the SSP in "Russian Grammar-80" is based on the division of conjunctions on the basis of unambiguity / ambiguity. Unions of a non-differentiating type include: and, but, yes, same, or, or their synonyms. They tend to express a certain type of relationship, but their meaning is always to some extent determined by the context or specified by the concretizer. Conjunctions of a differentiating type (mostly allied counterparts) unambiguously qualify certain relations: that is, namely, therefore, also, on the contrary, or rather, etc., which a compound sentence has.
Examples of BSC with non-differentiating type unions
- Her heart was beating strongly, and her thoughts could not stop on anything (actually connecting).
- I called, and the door was immediately opened for me (an improper connection with a positive connection qualification).
- He never kept his word, and this is very bad (not really connecting, connecting-commenting).
- He joked, and I was spiteful (comparative).
- Life passes quickly, and you haven’t managed to do anything yet (inconsistency, compound sentence).
Examples with conjunction "but":
- There is no rain, but the air is quite humid (oppositely concessive).
- He is not very diligent, but he enjoys music (adversative-compensatory).
- Pretty dark, but the lights haven't been turned on yet (oppositely restrictive).
- It smells like hay, but the smell is thick and gentle (attachment-distributive compound sentence).
Examples with unions "or", "or":
- Let him move here, to the wing, or I will move from here (modally complicated).
- Either I'm wrong, or she's telling a lie (modally uncomplicated compound sentence).
Examples of BSC with differentiating type unions
- I don't know how to recite verses, that is, I don't like to read them with some special expression(explanatory).
- It was already snowing, but it was quite warm ( severe frosts not yet) (opposite).
- I never teased her, on the contrary, I treated her very carefully (optional-commenting).
- He spoke for a long time and in a monotone, so everyone was very tired (causal).
- Not only did my friends treat his weaknesses condescendingly, but also envious people did not dare to object to him (gradational).
Complex sentence (CSP)
NGN is such a complex sentence in which there is a dependence of parts connected by subordinating means of communication: unions and allied words.
The structural-semantic classification of NGN is based on an important formal feature - the nature of the syntactic, formal dependence of the subordinate clause on the main one. This feature unites the scientific classifications of V.A. Beloshapkova and "Russian Grammar-80". All NGNs are divided into sentences of undivided and dismembered types. These are their distinguishing features.
Undivided type
1. The subordinate part is in a conditional position (refers to one word in the main), conditional or correlative connection (refers to a demonstrative pronoun).
2. One of the parts is synsemantic, i.e. cannot be a semantically sufficient communicative unit outside of a complex sentence.
3. Means of communication - syntactic (multi-valued) unions and allied words.
Dismembered type
1. The subordinate clause refers to the entire main sentence: a determinative connection.
2. Both parts are autosemantic, i.e. potentially able to exist independently.
3. Means of communication - semantic (unambiguous) unions.
The most important feature is the first, structural feature.
Further classification of the dissected type of NGN is carried out taking into account the content, semantic aspects (such as time, condition, concession, cause, purpose, effect, comparative, comparative aspect that a complex sentence may have).
Examples from fiction and other suggestions: 
- It's been a few hours since I left the city (temporary).
- If you can, come by two o'clock (condition).
- Although it was already late, the lights were on in the house (concession).
- I have almost no free time, because music requires full dedication (reason).
- To study well, one must work hard (goal).
- His eyes shone like stars shine in a dark sky (comparative).
- If he owns the thought, then he owns the form all the more (comparative).
The classification of non-partitioned NGN is primarily based on a structural feature - the nature of the means of communication, and only at the second stage - on semantic differences.
Types of non-partitioned NGN
1. C allied connection: explanatory, definitive (quantitative, qualitative, qualification) and comparative.
2. With a pronominal connection: pronominal-interrogative and pronominal-relative complex sentence.
Examples from fiction and other allied sentences:
- It's stupid that you won't come (explanatory).
- The air is so pure, as if it does not exist (definitive, quantitative).
- He spoke quickly, as if he was being urged on (definitive, qualitative).
- All this happened as if there was no one in the room (definitive complex sentence).
Examples from the literature and other pronominal sentences:
- It was necessary to hear how he spoke (pronoun-interrogative).
- The house we live in is new (pronoun-relative, oriented).
- Whoever applied, there was no refusal (pronoun-relative, non-oriented complex sentence).
Examples of sentences (grade 5, a Russian textbook will help you continue this list), as you can see, there are a variety of examples.
A more detailed theoretical part can be found in many manuals (for example, V.A. Beloshapkov "Modern Russian Language", "Russian Grammar-80", etc.).
We will find out which sentences are called complex and which are complex. We will also learn about their main features.
(Who?) He is the subject.
He (what did he do?) saw - this is a predicate.
(What?) eyes are the subject.
Eyes (what are made?) Are closed - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammar basics, which are connected by union WHAT, and separated by a comma.
3. There was a rustle from the place where things lay.
(What?) Rustle is the subject.
A rustle (what did you do?) was heard - this is a predicate.
(What?) things are the subject.
Things (what did they do?) lay - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical bases, combined into one sentence by the union WHERE and separated by a comma.
4. On a sunny morning, a cheerful tit tunes up its simple song, a woodpecker lets out a resounding shot through the taiga.
(Who?) titmouse is the subject.
The tit (what is it doing?) is adjusting - this is a predicate.
(Who?) Woodpecker is the subject.
The woodpecker (what is he doing?) lets in - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical bases of a complex sentence, separated by a comma.
A complex sentence is called a compound sentence, the parts of which are interconnected by coordinating unions. In compound sentences, the relations most often expressed are connective, adversative and divisive. In addition, compound sentences can express comparative, connecting, explanatory relations with various additional shades of meaning.
Connective relationships. In compound sentences expressing connecting relationships, unions and, yes, neither (repeating), also, too (the last two with a connecting shade of meaning) serve as a means of connecting parts of a single whole. Compound sentences with a union and most often express temporary relationships. These relationships are expressed verb forms(temporal and specific), the order of parts in the complex, intonation, union, additional lexical means.
Compound sentences with opposing alliances(a, but, yes, however, but, same, etc.) express relations of opposition or comparison, sometimes with various additional shades (inconsistencies, restrictions, concessions, etc.) This meaning of this type of complex sentences affects their construction: word order in the second part due to the nature of its opposition to the first part. The union a is widely used in complex sentences with the indicated meanings, for example: The earth still looks sad, but the air is already breathing in spring (Tyutch.); Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness (last)
Separation relationships. Compound sentences with divisive unions (or, or, whether ... whether, then ... then, etc.) indicate the alternation of events, their successive change, incompatibility, etc.
A complex sentence is a sentence, the parts of which are interconnected by subordinating unions or allied means. subordination between parts of a complex sentence is expressed in the syntactic dependence of one part (subordinate) on the other (main).
Conjunctions and allied words in a complex sentence:
|
Subordinating conjunctions |
allied words | |
| Simple | Composite | |
|
because because of just as if since due to |
||
|
They are not part of the offer. |
They are members of the proposal. Join subordinate clause to the main or other subordinate clause. |
|
Place punctuation marks in sentences and determine the type of complex sentences.
1. I felt that the city remained with us on the right.
(Who?) I is the subject.
I (what did I do?) felt - this is a predicate.
The first part of the sentence (I felt) is the main one. The second part of the sentence depends on it.
I felt (what?) (that the city remained with us on the right).
Let's highlight the second part of the sentence:
(What?) the city is the subject.
The city (what did it do?) Remained - this is a predicate.
Between parts of a complex sentence before the union what put a comma.
2. When we leave, the puppy whines near the door.
(Who?) we are the subject.
We (what are we doing?) are leaving - this is a predicate.
(Who?) Puppy is the subject.
The puppy (what is it doing?) whines - this is a predicate.
This is a complex sentence consisting of two simple ones. We separate the parts of the sentence with intonation, put a comma on the letter.
3. The fence cracked because they all piled on it at once.
(What?) fence is the subject.
The fence (what did you do?) crackled - this is a predicate.
The fence cracked - this is the main part.
He crackled (why?) because they all piled on him at once.
This is the dependent part of the sentence.
The parts of a complex sentence are joined by a conjunction (because) and separated by a comma.
4. He was amazed at how quickly his mother knitted on the needles.
(Who?) He is the subject.
He (what did he do?) was amazed - this is a predicate.
(He was amazed at that) - this is the main part of the sentence.
I was amazed (what?) How quickly my mother knitted - this is a dependent part.
Let's highlight the second part:
(Who?) Mom is the subject.
Mom (what did she do?) Knitted - this is a predicate.
Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a union how, and separated by a comma.
5. Grass appeared where the sun warmed the most.
(What?) Grass is the subject.
Grass (what did it do?) Appeared - this is a predicate.
Grass appeared there - this is the main part.
It appeared there (where?) where the sun warmed more strongly - this is a dependent part.
The basis of the dependent part: (what?) The sun is the subject.
The sun (what did it do?) warmed - this is a predicate.
Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a preposition where, and separated by a comma.
6. I asked him to bring me a book.
(Who?) I is the subject.
I (what did I do?) asked - this is a predicate.
I asked him - this is the main part.
I asked (about what?) to bring me a book - this is a dependent part.
Let's single out the basis of the dependent part:
(Who?) He is the subject.
He (what did he do?) brought - this is a predicate.
Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a union to and separated by a comma.
7. If you inadvertently pick off a leaf with a dewdrop, the drop will roll down.
(What?) A drop is the subject.
A droplet (what will it do?) will roll down - this is a predicate.
The droplet will roll down - this is the main part of the complex sentence.
It will roll down (why?) if you inadvertently pick off a leaf with a dewdrop - this is a dependent part.
Parts of a sentence are connected by a union if, and separated by a comma.
1. Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A. Russian language 4: Academic book / Textbook.
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O. Russian language 4: Ballas.
3. Lomakovich S.V., Timchenko L.I. Russian language 4: VITA_PRESS.
1) Determine the type of compound sentence.
A) Olya did not answer, and I just sat silently.
B) Olya did not answer, but I did not rush her.
C) Perhaps we will gather to you, or better, you come to our country house.
2) Highlight the grammatical foundations of the sentences. What are these proposals?
1. All living things are drawn to water, and water gives life to everyone (Peskov).
2. Snow will bury and consign to oblivion forest stories and riddles (Peskov).
3. Camel milk is unusually sweet, but I had to drink it (Peskov).
4. The badger tried to swim away, but was put on a patch of land near the stump (Sands).
5. I was not here then, but lived with my grandmother (Peskov).
6. With these words, a girl of fourteen years old came out from behind the partition and ran into the hallway (Pushkin).
7. Several years have passed and circumstances have led me to the very road, to those very places (Pushkin).
3) Determine the types of subordinate clauses in complex sentences.
1. I did not immediately realize what happened. 2. Can I help you - I don't know. 3. What he says is not heard beyond the distance. 4. Whoever reads a lot knows a lot. 5. The stream, along which they advanced, took in all the new springs. 6. The apple trees disappeared because the mice ate all the bark. 7. The hostess asked if we were really leaving. 8. Without waiting for the door to be unlocked, he jumped over the fence. 9. When she returned home, she thought about the upcoming conversation. 10. What I'm waiting for, I don't know myself.
4) *Compose a text description on any topic using complex sentences. Highlight grammatical basics, ask questions.
9th grade
Compound
and complex sentences
Test papers
Hello dear editors! It is with great pleasure that we read your newspaper, which, undoubtedly, is a great help in our hard work. After thinking, we decided to offer our colleagues tests in the Russian language for students of the 9th grade on the topics “Compound sentences” and “Complex sentences”. The purpose of these tests is to help a teacher working on the technology of multi-level differentiated learning to test the knowledge of their pupils in the syntax of a complex sentence. Pupils are offered two options for assignments of approximately the same degree of complexity, compiled on the basis of a Russian language textbook for the 9th grade (authors - S.G. Barkhudarov, S.E. Kryuchkov and others.). These tasks will allow the teacher to analyze the level of assimilation by ninth graders educational material(from mandatory, requiring knowledge of the topic being studied, to creative). The results obtained will help the teacher to trace the dynamics of the development of each student. Each thematic test consists of tasks of four levels. The tasks of the first level include questions and practical exercises, the implementation of which is a “mandatory minimum” for the student. Tasks of the second level are more difficult, they include questions that are placed in the textbook in the "Notes" section. Designing proposals, drawing up diagrams - these are tasks third level, the implementation of which implies a conscious approach of the student to solving the tasks. Tasks of the fourth level require the student to be creative and apply knowledge when writing essays, compiling crossword puzzles, tests, theses, etc. Berdygalieva Ludmila Timofeevna, |
COMPOUND SENTENCES
OPTION I
First level
I.Add suggestions:
Compound sentences are sentences in which...
By conjunctions and by meaning, compound sentences are divided into ... groups: ....
II.
1. The sun has not yet peeked out from behind the edge of the sky, but the dawn was visible through a transparent fog. (M. Prishvin) 2. Then you will see two jumping squirrels, then you will jump out towards Red fox then a hard worker hedgehog will run across the road, then a wild dove will break out with a deafening flapping of its wings. (V. Soloukhin) 3. It has already dawned and the sky over the birch grove has turned pink, but the sun has not yet appeared. 4. Everyone ate from the cauldron Panteley sat aside and ate porridge from a wooden cup. (A.Chekhov)
III. Test
1. Mark a number of connecting unions:
a) but, and that, too;
b) that - that, or, but, not that - not that;
c) and, neither - nor, also, also, yes (= and);
d) either, but, also, on the other hand;
e) yes (= but), then - then, however, no-no.
2. Mark a number of dividing unions:
a) a, but, or, but;
b) or, either, then - then, not that - not that;
c) but, but, neither - neither, too, or;
d) to, and, as if, also;
e) and, that, too, either, or.
Second level
I.
1. The wind blew and dust swirled in the air. 2. At the dawn of the third day, the wind died down and thick fogs fell over the steppe. (M. Sholokhov) 3. Before a bad weather, the horizon is covered with a red suncloth, because of it a red solar disk is shown. (Arkhangelsk) 4. The wind was against and the rain fell like a solid wall. (K.Simonov) 5. The wild rosemary blossomed and the slopes of the hills blazed with purple-crimson fire. (V. Azhaev) 6. Sometimes avalanches broke down in the mountains and white dust stood in a column above them. (K. Paustovsky)
II.Write out sentences in which the words also, too, but are written fluently. Place punctuation where necessary.
1. The root of the doctrine is bitter because its fruits are sweet. 2. This problem is solved as (same) easily as that one. 3. I liked to read in the same way. 4. He willingly undertook the task that he was assigned. 5. Yarug is the same as the ravine. 6. “You were wrong,” the friend replied.
Third level
Include in one of the simple sentences a participial or participial turnover, compose from these BSC proposals. Set up punctuation marks.
1. The air is frozen. The steppe took on a sad look.
2. A strong wind has risen. It felt like a thunderstorm was coming.
3. The sun has already risen quite high. The fog gradually began to disappear.
Fourth level
Write an essay-miniature "Autumn in the city" (use SSP).
OPTION II
First level
I.Add the following definitions:
Compound sentences are sentences...
Coordinating conjunctions are for...
II.Write out complex sentences from the text, highlight the grammatical foundations in them, and place the missing punctuation marks.
A LITTLE HISTORY
Europeans for Lately so accustomed to potatoes that they can not do without it. Meanwhile, the potato appeared in Europe not so long ago and its history is very curious. Spanish sailors were the first to taste the potato, and then it came to Italy.
In France, as early as the 18th century, potatoes were used in a peculiar way. Fashionistas decorated his hair with flowers, some made bouquets from his flowers. Such a fashion was established for potato flowers that they had to make artificial ones, since there were not enough living ones.
The tsarist officials of Russia forced the peasants to plant potatoes, but this caused "potato riots". The peasants did not want to plant and eat “ground apples”.
(According to N. Verzilin)
III.Make up the schemes of these sentences, indicate the meanings of the unions (the signs are not placed).
1. Gogol visited Parisian museums and art galleries and was most impressed by the Louvre. 2. The train arrived exactly on schedule, but Varya was not on the platform. 3. Not a single window is still glowing, a sluggish light is not yet stretching up from a single pipe. (V.Tendryakov) 4. Either the gate knocked or it seemed to me.
IV. Test(see option I)
Second level
I.Write out, indicating the grammatical foundations, sentences with a common minor member (the signs are not spaced).
1. At night, the sea sang sadly and widely and it was cold. (K. Paustovsky) 2. I went along a deaf forest path and everything around seemed mysterious to me. 3. The next day it started to snow and a blizzard swept over. 4. At the beginning of May, bird cherry blossoms and the entire section of the path is dressed in white lace. 5. All living things are drawn to water and water gives life to all. (V. Peskov) 6. Once Vaska had a sore throat and they did not allow him to go out into the street. (A. Gaidar)
II.Write out sentences in which the words also, too, but are written fluently. Place punctuation where necessary.
1. During the day there was unbearable heat in the steppe at night it was stuffy. 2. The animal kingdom of the desert is as poor as its flora is poor. 3. Everyone listened attentively to the announcer, I also became interested. 4. In the heat, the birds fall silent for (then) the world of insects comes to life. 5. Only a fool falls into the same (same) water. 6. I highly appreciated Petka for being a disinterested and faithful friend.
Third level
Turn a compound sentence into a simple one homogeneous members and vice versa.
1. Gogol loved to travel, and he needed the road for observations. 2. Last time Gogol visited Petersburg in the autumn of 1848 and spent about two weeks there. 3. In a foreign land, Gogol yearned for Moscow and constantly sought to quickly return to the ancient capital.
Fourth level
By this beginning Make up a short story using SSP in it with different conjunctions:
It was quiet and sad in the old garden….
COMPLEX SENTENCES
OPTION I
First level
I.Choose the correct answer:
1. Complex sentences are sentences in which:
but) simple sentences equal in meaning;
b) sentences are interconnected intonationally;
c) one of the sentences is subordinate to the other in meaning.
2. A complex sentence consists of:
a) only from subordinate clauses;
b) from two independent proposals;
c) from the main and one or more subordinate clauses.
3. Index words can stand:
a) only in the main sentence;
b) only in the subordinate clause;
c) both in the main and in the subordinate clause.
4. The subordinate clause can stand:
a) just before the main clause;
b) before the main, in the middle of the main, after the main sentence;
c) only after the main clause.
II.Write the text by inserting the missing letters, placing punctuation marks. Make diagrams of the first and last sentences.
To pass the time, I went for a walk in the woods.
There was that mild thaw weather that sometimes sets in at the end of December after the first severe cold of winter. On such days, winter seems to be relaxing, looking around, thinking about what else to do.
Small snowflakes swirled slowly in the air. On the road they lay like transparent stars. Every now and then the trees shook themselves noisily and straightened up, throwing off the load that the recent blizzard had put on.
I had a feeling that I also dropped some kind of weight.
(N. Rylenkov)
III.
1. With subordinate explanatory clauses:
a) What I saw from above immediately dispelled my doubts.
b) I saw a hunter in front of me who spent his whole life in the taiga.
c) To love music, one must first of all listen to it.
2. With relative clauses:
a) There is no more that love when people die for each other.
b) Each ship has its own attraction of which they are proud.
in) The right word if it is said in time, it will always find the way to the heart.
d) No matter how wisely, the seam is visible.
3. With adventitious time:
a) The house stood on a slope so that the windows to the garden were very low from the ground.
b) Grass is cut early in the morning before the dew has dropped.
c) Finally, the butler proclaimed: “The meal is set,” and Kirila Petrovich was the first to go to sit down at the table, the ladies followed him and importantly took their places ... (A. Pushkin)
d) Some sounds were heard in the sleepy air, as if someone was sighing.
4. With subordinate concessions:
a) We went straight to the river to shorten the path.
b) Although fate is not easy, a soldier does not look for an easy one.
c) The snow became whiter and brighter so that it blinded the eyes.
d) No matter how much they threatened him with a revolver, Metelitsa did not utter a word.
5. C adnexal causes:
a) Where the heart flies there and the eye looks.
b) Pour yourself with cold water if you want to be healthy!
c) In the morning I woke up because the sun poured freely through the porthole.
6. With comparative clauses:
a) The deeper the children climbed into the garden, the more they met various miracles.
b) Everything around grew dim as if the sun had gone behind the clouds.
c) What is a tree like apples.
d) Where does the wind come from and the rain.
Second level
I.Indicate the number of NGN in which the main and subordinate clauses are connected by a union word.
1. In dewy meadows, in green meadows, a river flows, which is dear to me.
2. We knew it would be difficult to get the job done.
3. When the light was turned on, the room turned out to be large and elegant.
4. Finally he confessed to me that he was writing a long poem.
II.
1. To see the sea, you need to go outside the gate and walk a little along the path trodden in the snow. (K. Paustovsky)
2. When you do good, you yourself experience some joyful satisfaction, and the legitimate pride that accompanies a clear conscience. (M. Montaigne)
3. Trouble if the lions are commanded by a ram. (V. Shishkov)
III.
1. Comparative clause.
2. Comparative turnover.
3. Conditional clause.
4. Other subordinate clauses.
If I had not opened the gate, he would have remained in the field. (______)
Again it became audible how the stream rumbles at the bottom of the abyss. (______)
Everything around was dimmed as if the sun had gone behind the clouds. (______)
A big soul, like a big fire, is visible from afar. (______)
Third level
Compile according to these SPP schemes, determine the values of the subordinate clauses:
1. […there ], (where… ) .
2. [...vb. + dict. sl. So ], (allied sl. how …).
3. (If…), [then…].
Fourth level
Write, using SPP, your opinion about your favorite literary hero.
OPTION II
First level
I.Choose the correct answer:
1. In a complex sentence, there can be:
a) only two bases;
b) any number of bases;
c) two or more bases.
2. Specify an incorrect statement:
a) in a complex sentence, one part is subordinate to the other;
b) by value, complex sentences are divided into three groups;
c) a complex sentence consists of two independent sentences.
3. In a complex sentence for communication, the following are used:
a) coordinating conjunctions;
b) only intonation;
c) subordinating conjunctions, allied words or a particle that performs their function.
4. The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause with the help of:
a) intonation;
b) one or more commas;
c) dashes and colons.
II.Write down the text, insert the missing letters, open the brackets. Place punctuation where necessary. Make diagrams of the second and penultimate sentences.
At noon, a dull rumble of thunder came from the west. It became gloomy, as if a dark shroud had descended to the ground from above. This was followed by heavy rain.
A whirlwind joined the rain, which broke small branches and plucked leaves from trees. A heavy downpour poured down. He continued until evening. In the evening the downpour turned into light rain. By morning the rain had stopped and the sky had cleared. Although the sun had risen in all its radiant beauty, the earth still bore traces of bad weather. Water ran from everywhere so that small streams turned into turbulent streams.
(According to V. Arseniev)
III.Choose the correct answer. Mark complex sentences (signs are not placed).
1. With relative clauses:
a) The Red Army soldiers merrily loaded onto barges to sail back.
b) The gorge along which we walked was long and winding.
c) Cold autumn shadows wandered through the forest where everything seemed to freeze.
d) No matter how hard my father tried to appear calm, I noticed his excitement.
2. C subordinate places:
a) A reddish stripe brightened a little where the sun set.
b) The rain caught us when we had already turned into a birch grove.
c) Where the heart flies there and the eye looks.
d) A donkey will remain a donkey even if loaded with gold.
3. With subordinate conditions:
a) Korchagin hit the horse so hard that he immediately went into a gallop.
b) Let everyone become a soldier of the world if he does not want to become a victim of a new war.
c) Do not be ashamed to speak if you want to declare the truth.
4. With adventitious purposes:
a) In order to be lucky in the war, you need to know the military craft.
b) Where does the wind come from and the rain.
c) Everything around was dimmed as if the sun had gone behind the clouds.
5. With adnexal modes of action and degree:
a) The air became so thin that it hurt to breathe.
b) The stranger did not look at us as intently as we looked at him.
c) I decided to climb the mountain to see the surroundings from there.
d) When we drove up to the edge of the forest, it was already noticeably dark in the field.
6. With subordinate explanatory clauses:
a) To keep your body and soul young, do not be afraid of either heat or cold.
b) Alexei felt that he was weakening from tension and pain.
c) The commander of the first company asked where to feed the soldiers.
Second level
I.Indicate the numbers of the NGN in which the main and subordinate clauses are connected by a conjunction.
1. He knew that the success of his business would largely depend on the success of tomorrow's hunt.
2. Where not long ago the steppe rang merrily, now yellow stems rustled.
3. Do not get close to people who have too flexible conscience.
II.Find NGN with punctuation errors, write it down in the corrected form.
1. Levitan stayed for a long time in the Chekhov family, which attracted him, who had no family, with friendship, fun, touching concern for each other.
2. The only way that connected Leningrad with the mainland passed through Lake Ladoga.
3. And where the tanks moved, the cannonade thundered, which did not subside until dawn.
III.Write sentences with punctuation marks. Arrange the numbers corresponding to these characteristics:
1. Conditional clause.
2. Comparative clause.
3. Another subordinate clause.
4. Comparative turnover.
Old age begins the day courage dies. (_______)
A young crescent moon, like a transparent cloud, could be seen on the horizon. (_______)
The sun hit the eyes from the water, as if a mirror had suddenly been placed under the boat. (_____)
If he told the truth, they wouldn't believe him anyway. (______)
Third level
Make complex sentences in which the words where, where add the following subordinate clauses:
2) definitive;
3) explanatory.
Fourth level
Write a short review of the book you have read, including SPP in your text.
L.T. BERDYGALIEV,
L.N. DREAM,
Lyceum "Turan",
Alma-Ata,
The Republic of Kazakhstan
Difficult sentence- this is a sentence with two or more predicative stems, and simple sentences as part of a complex one form a semantic and intonational whole.
The main types of complex sentences.
Complex sentences are divided into allied and non-union.
Allied sentences, in turn, are divided into compound and complex.
Thus, there are three main types of complex sentences:
compound, compound, and unionless.
Compound sentence (CSP) simple sentences are linked together by coordinating conjunctions and intonation. In SSP, simple sentences are equal. | Night fell and the lights were lit in the houses. |
Complex sentence (CSP) simple sentences are linked by subordinating conjunctions or allied words. In NGN, one simple clause (subordinate) depends on another (main). | When night fell, the lights were lit in the houses. |
Unionless proposal (BSP) simple sentences are connected without conjunctions, by intonation. | Night fell and the lights came on in the houses. |
Compound sentence.
Compound sentences are:
Punctuation marks in compound sentences.
Note: Sometimes a dash is placed between the parts of a compound sentence before the union AND if the sentence has a sharp opposition or a quick change of events.
Here is the north, catching up the clouds, He breathed, howled - and now the winter sorceress herself is coming (A.S. Pushkin).
Complex sentence.
SPP features:
The structure of the NGN:
Conjunctions and allied words in a complex sentence:
A complex sentence with several subordinate clauses.
According to the nature of the subordination of several subordinate clauses, they are divided into three types:
- subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination;
- subordinate clauses with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:
- subordinate clauses with sequential subordination.
Relative clauses with homogeneous subordination. Peculiarities : Example : Explanations : 2) all subordinate clauses answer the same question what? |
Relative clauses with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination Peculiarities : Example : Explanations : |
Relative clauses with sequential subordination Peculiarities : Example : Explanation : |
NOTE: often there are complex sentences with combined subordination: homogeneous + parallel, homogeneous + serial, serial + parallel, etc. Therefore, when parsing the offer, be careful.
Punctuation marks in NGN.
