In this collection you will get acquainted with the largest bridges in the world. But this will not be a simple comparison in terms of length, area or height. Every year more and more new bridges are being built, all higher, longer and more unusual, so here I will talk about record bridges, since each of them at one time was the longest, largest, highest, or original. All the buildings on this list will stand out in some way, which is why they are worth paying attention to. I ask you to take part in discussions, express your point of view and supplement the selection with structures that are interesting in your opinion.
1. We will start with the longest road bridge at the moment - Hangzhou in China. This is the longest bridge crossing the ocean - its length is 36 kilometers. You can take a virtual tour of Hangzhou from the link above. In the coming years, bridges will be built that will break the record of this bridge, but it will forever remain one of the longest and largest structures of this kind. 
2. The highest at the moment is the Millau (Milhaud) viaduct in France. With a height of 343 meters, Millau also holds the record for having the tallest piers in the world as well as the tallest bridge towers in the world. 
3. No less legendary bridge - the Golden Gate in San Francisco. For a long time (almost three decades) it was the largest suspension bridge in the world. He also holds the sad record for the number of suicides. Almost every month, some crazy person jumps into the water from it. 
5. The longest in Europe is the Vasco da Gama Bridge in Portugal. Many people compare it with Hangzhou, but Vasco da Gama still looks more elegant and organic, although it is inferior in length. 
6. No less famous is the Bosphorus Bridge connecting the continents between Europe and Asia. It connects the European and Asian parts of Istanbul 
7. A unique structure - Japanese Pearl Bridge, built in the most seismically unstable zone of the planet. It is still the longest suspension bridge in the world, at 3911 meters long. 
8. One-of-a-kind, the Banpo Fountain Bridge in Seoul has entered the Guinness Book of Records as the longest fountain on the bridge. The total length of the fountain "Moon Rainbow" is 1140 meters 
9. It would not hurt to add a railway bridge to our review. Forth Bridge in Scotland for a long time was the largest bridge in the world, it is also one of the first cantilever bridges in the world, as well as the first steel bridge in England. Doesn't the design look very impressive? 
10. One of the most recognizable landmarks in New York, along with the Statue of Liberty, is the Brooklyn Bridge. It is the world's first steel cable suspension bridge and one of the world's first suspension bridges. The length of the Brooklyn Bridge is 1825 meters 
13. Do you know that bridges are not only pedestrian, automobile, or railway? Meet the Magdeburg water bridge. Various vessels, barges, ferries, pleasure boats, sail along this kilometer-long technical miracle. This longest water bridge in the world connects two navigable canals - the Elbe-Havel and the Middle German Canal. 
14. Let's go to the other side of the world - to South America namely, Brazil. Here is the only bridge in the world with a support in the shape of the letter X - Oliveira Bridge. Thanks to the special shape of the masts, a height of 138 meters, 144 powerful steel cables and a chic LED backlight Oliveira has become one of the symbols of the city of Sao Paulo 
15. One of the oldest and most famous bridges in Italy, the symbol of Florence - Ponte Vecchio. The bridge is unusual in that it is built up and inhabited by people; the famous Uffizi art gallery is also located here. 
16. At first, I wanted to include in this collection all the bridges of the famous architect Santiago Calatrava, since each of his creations can be safely called a masterpiece, but in this case the topic would have grown to a huge size. Therefore, I simply advise you to follow the link above and read in detail about each of the structures. If you choose from all his bridges, then I would highlight the White Bridge (Zubisuri) in Spain, built of glass and steel
17. Many people call St. Petersburg the city of bridges. I can't help but agree, it's true. great amount beautiful and original bridges, about each of which we have a detailed article. In the general selection of the bridges of St. Petersburg you will find detailed information about all the structures
18. There is something to see in the capital of Russia, such bridges as Picturesque, or Bagration can be safely included in this list. About all the bridges of Moscow, as always, you can read in detail on our website 
19. An outstanding example of Iranian architecture and one of the most famous sights of Iran is Khaju Bridge. This is the oldest bridge in the East, as iconic as the Ponte Vecchio for Europe. In addition to its function as a bridge, it also serves as a dam and aqueduct, bringing water to the gardens of the city of Isfahan. 
20. I want to complete the selection with two bridges from the most romantic city in the world - Venice. The most famous Venetian bridge is the Rialto, the oldest bridge in the city of love, supported by 12,000 piles. This is one of the most popular architectural sights in Venice. 
The Bridge of Sighs is no less popular. The baroque arched bridge was thrown over the Palace Canal in the 17th century and became famous thanks to its history, which you can learn about by opening detailed article
Charles Bridge, Prague.
Built in 1357 as part of Emperor Charles IV's vision of majestic Prague, the Charles Bridge connects Old city and New Town, spanning the width of the Vltava River. Statues of saints, street artists and panoramic views of the city attract millions of tourists every year.
Banpo Rainbow Bridge Fountain, Seoul.
Seoul's Banpo Bridge is designed as a decorative rainbow fountain that shoots out jets of water through nearly 10,000 LED-lit nozzles along the entire length of the bridge.
Puente Nuevo, Ronda, Spain.
The bridge took 42 years to build and was completed in 1751. The construction of the bridge claimed 50 human lives.
Vasco da Gama Bridge, near Lisbon.
This Portuguese bridge was opened to traffic in 1998 on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the sea route from Europe to India by the traveler da Gama.
Chengyang Bridge, China.
In translation, the name means "bridge of wind and rain." This bridge, consisting of five pavilions, is the most popular place for meetings of residents of Chengyang.
Brooklyn Bridge, USA, New York.
The first steel suspension bridge in the world, the Brooklyn Bridge, connects Manhattan and Brooklyn. More than 120,000 cars and 3,100 bicycles cross the bridge every day.
Fehmarn Strait Bridge, Germany.
The Fehmarn Strait Bridge connects the island of Fehmarn with the German mainland, covering almost a kilometer of the Baltic Sea. It was built during the Cold War. Explosives are present in its design to undermine the bridge in the event of an invasion.
Mackinac Bridge, Michigan.
Connecting the two peninsulas of Michigan, the five-kilometer Mackinac Bridge is the dividing line between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Every Labor Day celebration, the bridge is opened to pedestrians, and tens of thousands of people converge on it to take part in the procession across the Mackinac Bridge.
Tower Bridge, London.
Named for a nearby Tower of London, Tower Bridge - a symbol of the capital of Great Britain.
Rialto Bridge in Venice.
The rising part of the central arch of the Venetian Rialto Bridge allowed passage large ships along the city's Grand Canal during the heyday of merchant shipping. Today, the bridge is one of the most visited attractions in Venice.
Kapellbrücke, Lucerne, Switzerland.
It's indoor wooden bridge was built in the 14th century. Its roof is decorated with over a hundred paintings depicting the city's history.
Ponte Vecchio, Florence.
It is believed that the bridge was originally built in the 10th century, and later the Ponte Vecchio was washed away by floods and was rebuilt twice. This is the only bridge in Florence that was not destroyed during World War II.
Python Bridge, Amsterdam.
Built in 2001, this bridge in Amsterdam really does look like a giant red snake. Bonus points - decorative aluminum seagulls.
Eitai Bridge, Tokyo.
After the bridge's original wooden structure was destroyed in an earthquake, Tokyo built this high-strength steel replacement in 1926.
Pont du Gard, France.
This aqueduct was built by the Romans in the first century AD Due to its historical significance, in 1985 it was added to the list of world cultural heritage UNESCO.
Golden Gate, San Francisco.
The iconic bridge in San Francisco spans the Golden Gate, the strait that connects the San Francisco Sound to the Pacific Ocean. Its orange color was chosen specifically to make it visible to passing ships even in heavy fog.
Kintai Bridge, Japan.
Built in 1673, this wooden arch bridge spans the Nishiki River in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The current bridge is the latest in a series of wooden bridges that were destroyed by flash floods. Thanks to architectural improvements, this final version of the bridge is still standing and has been designated a National Treasure by the Japanese government.
Puente del Alamillo, Seville, Spain.
Bridge over the Guadalquivir in Seville, designed by Santiago Calatrava. Built for the World Exhibition on the island of La Cartuja in 1992. The peculiarity of the bridge is the only support (pylon) holding the entire bridge with the help of guys.
Initially, it was planned to build 2 symmetrical bridges on both sides of the island, but Calatrava's bright and unusual Alamillo project overshadowed the rest of the projects. The total length of the bridge is 200 meters.
Helix Bridge, Singapore.
The bridge is built in the form of a DNA double helix that encodes all life on Earth. Helix Bridge is a walking path in the center of Singapore. It was officially opened in 2010.
Millennium Bridge in Gateshead, England.
Opened in 2000, the Millennium Bridge is a footbridge across the River Tyne. The bridge has unique feature: The bridge can be rotated to allow ships to pass under it.
Bridge in the middle of the forest in Alishan mountains, Taiwan
Tree Root Bridge, India
In one of the wettest places on Earth, in the jungle of the Indian state of Meghalaya, there is a unique suspension bridge Living Root, grown from the roots rubber ficus. The structure, 16 meters long, is so strong that it can withstand not only the weight of a couple of dozen people, but also withstand the floods typical of these places.
Bridge in Shahar, Yemen
The bridge connects the two peaks of the mountain, thus providing a relatively easy way for people to move between the villages in the area. Built in the 17th century, its original purpose was to serve as an aid in the fight against the Turkish invaders. Many say that the local population can literally destroy the bridge within minutes in case of imminent danger.
Sky Bridge, Mount Rainier, USA
Constantine Bridge, Algiers
Railroad bridge in Iowa, USA
Created by industrial designer and architect David Dahlquist. This is one of the largest footbridges in the world. The 770 m long structure is located above the Des Moines River in Iowa. main feature bridge lies in its design, which creates a unique freeze-frame animation effect. Such an illusion arises due to successive steel bars towering above those walking.
Suspension bridge across the river. Capilano, Vancouver, Canada
Designed by Scottish engineer George Grant McKay. The length of the bridge is 70 meters and it will stretch at a height of 137 meters above the turbulent river bed. The bridge is rightfully considered the oldest attraction in Vancouver (built during the gold rush, opened in 1889).
Fairy Bridge, Scotland
Glass bridge in Tbilisi, Georgia
The pedestrian bridge over the Kura River in Tbilisi was assembled in just a few weeks. Designed by Italian architect Michele De Lucchi and illuminated by French designer Philippe Martinaud, the object has been dubbed the "Peace Bridge" and has taken its place among the local landmarks.
The bridge consists of a steel frame 156 meters long, which is supported by 4 pillars. The main decoration of the structure is an elegant undulating glass dome - it protects pedestrians from the sun and rain, while at the same time allowing natural light to enter the building throughout the day.
Freedom Bridge, Budapest
Cantilever bridge across the Danube. Built in 1896. It connects parts of the city and is the southernmost bridge in Budapest.
The Freedom Bridge consists of spans, two arches that connect the columns to each other, and two base pillars on which the bridge structure is installed. The top of each column is adorned with a statue. mythical bird- turul, which stands on a golden ball. The bird is mentioned in Hungarian mythology as a messenger of the gods, predicting major events in the history of the Hungarian people.
Devil's Bridge in Kromlau Park (Gablenz, Saxony), Germany
This above-water basalt arc was built in 1860 and to this day amazes many with its diabolical precision and picturesque surroundings. The bridge, together with its reflection, at the required water level, forms a clear circle, regardless of the observation point.
According to legend, an unsuccessful architect made a deal with an unclean spirit who promised to help him create an unusual bridge, but in return demanded the soul of the first one who would pass through the freshly built ferry to the other side. The unclean person moved into a person and helped him build what he wanted. When the bridge was completed evil spirit left the body and began to wait for his "payment". A cunning architect let a dog over the bridge. From indignation, evil spirits rushed into the water and no one else saw her.
According to another legend, one who sails on a boat under the Devil's Bridge on a full moon will be able to discover hidden abilities in himself. At the same time, it is strictly forbidden to look at your reflection or touch the water.
Among some researchers mystical phenomena There is an opinion that the bridge is a portal to other worlds. In 1983, two Swedish tourists disappeared without a trace in the park, who were last seen near the mysterious bridge.
Dragon Bridge in Da Nang, Vietnam
The bridge over the Han River was built in honor of the 38th anniversary of the liberation of the city. The dragon that wraps around the entire bridge can vomit real fire thanks to a special mechanism inside the head. The figure of the reptile is made in orange and, thanks to 15,000 LED lamps looks especially impressive at night.
The steel structure strikes the imagination of locals and tourists alike. Construction, under the supervision of American architects, lasted four years and cost $85 million.
Moses Bridge, Netherlands
In the Dutch city of Halsteren, there is an unusual pedestrian bridge that seems to “cut” the water. Invisible from afar, this trench bridge called “Moses Bridge” has received the title of “Best Construction of 2011” from the Union of Dutch Architects. It seems that it is well deserved - the bridge really is a small work of art that blends harmoniously into the environment.
Rainbow Footbridge, Magong, Taiwan
Rainbow Bridge is a truly unique facility. The bridge has a memorable design not because of its shape, but because of the original lighting that illuminates it. Although it is worth noting that the architecture of the bridge itself is very reminiscent of the bend of a rainbow.
The bottom of the bridge is covered with strips of thin neon lights of different colors.
And this light installation of the most seemingly ordinary pedestrian bridge turns it into a spectacular sight. But this beauty can be seen only with the onset of twilight or even better at night. Neon lights flickering at night throw their reflection on the surface of the water, so the water plays with all the colors of the rainbow. A fantastic atmosphere is created, as if you are walking on a fabulous rainbow that does not disappear until dawn!
Moon Bridge at Dahu Park, Taipei, Taiwan
sky bridge Langkawi, Malaysia
There are truly heavenly corners on earth, such as the island of Langkawi located off the northwestern coast of Malaysia. Nature has rewarded this place with everything you need to relax: the azure sea, sandy beaches, lush tropical vegetation, mild climate. Contributed to all this and man. In order to enjoy the surrounding beauty to the fullest, a pedestrian bridge was built, called the Langkawi Sky Bridge.
The heavenly bridge is thrown over the gorge and connects the two peaks of Mount Gunung. It has a curved shape so that you can admire the surrounding scenery from different angles, and a very interesting way to support it. The entire weight of the bridge falls on 8 cables attached to a single support. That is, in fact, it is suspended over the abyss, due to the lack of any support from below, a complete illusion is created that the bridge is hovering over it. And on windy days, this illusion is even stronger.
Lunar Bridge, Ferrara, Italy
Bridge road to the island of San Juan de Gaztelugatxe, Spain
Gastelugache is a small island located in northern Spain, in the Bay of Biscay. The island has very beautiful nature, but this is not what made it a landmark. The fact is that there is a famous bridge here, the staircase of which consists of 237 steps. All those who want to visit the tiny hermitage at the very top must climb them.
Erasmus Bridge - Rotterdam Swan
This amazing single pillar bridge is also the longest drawbridge in the world! In addition, it is one of the symbols of Rotterdam, because when you see the Erasmus Bridge at least once, you remember forever where it is located.
Hangzhou Bay Bridge, China
At 36 kilometers long, this bridge was the longest bridge in the world to cross an ocean until 2010. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge crosses Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea and the Qiantang River in the delta of the great Yangtze River.
Hoover Dam Bypass Bridge - Wikiwand Hoover Dam Bypass
Kurilpa Bridge, Australia
The bridge is thrown over the Brisbane River, which flows through the city of the same name in the Australian state of Queensland. It was built in 2007. Initially, the bridge was called "Tank Street Bridge", but after a competition organized by local authorities in 2008, it was renamed "Kurilpu" - "Place of Water Rats" (translated from the dialect of local natives).
Millau Viaduct - Millau Viaduct, France
It is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in France, near the small town of Millau. The highway connecting the north of France with the south passed through this provincial locality. And in the summer, during the holidays, when a large flow of cars was heading from the north to the south coast and to Spain, Millau simply died in traffic jams. In order to unload this town, it was decided to let the traffic flow through the Tarn river valley over the bridge. Millau Viaduct won the competition for the best project...
According to the approved project, 7 pillars were to be installed in the Tarn valley. On top of them, a transport canvas is laid and pylons are installed, which, with the help of guys, will help the supports keep the canvas in balance.
Construction began on October 16, 2001. And the builders had to do a great job. The length of this structure is 2460 meters, width - 32 meters. The height of the largest of the supports is 245 meters, and together with the pylon installed on it - 343 meters, which is almost 20 meters higher than the Eiffel Tower!
Octavio Frias de Oliveira Bridge, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The cable-stayed bridge is the only one in the world (at least it is spelled that way in all sources) that has an X-shaped support supporting two transport tracks.
Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing Bridge, UAE, Dubai
This arch bridge connects the urban areas of Bur Dubai and Deira and is a new transport artery passing through Dubai Harbor. The bridge connects the business part of the city with the residential area.
The bridge looks amazingly beautiful from the height of the nearest skyscrapers. It is like a dune lying on the surface of the water.
Sheikh Zayed Bridge - Sheikh Zayed Bridge, United Arab Emirates, Dubai
The bridge was built almost 8 years. It was opened in 2010 and named after the founder of the UAE, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. The shape of the bridge resembles sand dunes emphasizing the spirit and character of the region. The bridge has a height of 60 meters and a length of 842 meters, connecting the island of Abu Dhabi with Dubai.
Bastei bridge over the river Elbe, national park Switzerland, Saxony
Kinzua Viaduct in McCain County, Pennsylvania, USA.
A very beautiful and unusual bridge, at one time it was considered the highest and longest railway bridge in the world. At present, it is almost completely destroyed.
Aiola Island Bridge in Austrian Graz- a real bridge-island, on which there is a bar, a coffee shop and a parade ground for sunbathers.
Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne, Germany.
Along with the famous Cologne Cathedral, it is the hallmark of the city.
Bridge-tunnel Oresund Bridge between Sweden and Denmark.
Øresund bridge between Denmark and Sweden unique building which has no analogues in the world. About 3 billion euros and 5 years of hard work were spent on its construction.
Initially, it was planned to build a bridge across the entire strait. But since there is an international airport on the Danish side, a bridge that is too high would present a risk of collision with the supports. And too low a structure would block the movement of ships in the strait.
Royal Gorge Bridge, Canon City, Colorado.
Bridge-aqueduct (water bridge), Magd :) rg, Germany.
It allows two channels to intersect - the Middle German and the channel connecting the rivers Elbe and Havel.
Henderson Wave Bridge.
Another pedestrian bridge in Singapore that really looks like a wave. This bridge is also relatively young, it has been operating since 2006.
Sydney Harbor Bridge, Australia
The widest large-span bridge in the world is located in the Australian city of Sydney and runs through the entire city harbor.
The Sydney Harbor Bridge is 49 meters wide.
Pont Alexandre III, France, Paris
Iron Bridge, Shropshire, England
This bridge forms an absolutely regular circle with its reflection. It is also the first bridge made entirely of cast iron.
Bridge of Sighs, Italy, Venice
The Bridge of Sighs was built by Antonio Conti in 1602 and decorated in the Baroque style. The bridge connects the building of the Palace of Lodges, which housed the courtroom, and the prison building. The “sighs” from which this bridge takes its name are not the sighs of lovers, but the sad sighs of the condemned, who, passing under guard over this covered bridge, cast their last glance at Venice.
Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas
The Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge, designed by renowned Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, connects the banks of the Trinity River. The bridge was named after community leader Margaret Hunt Hill, daughter of a Texas oil tycoon.
The cable-stayed bridge with one pylon in the form of an arch 121 meters high is supported by 58 cables with a diameter of 10 to 20 centimeters.
The beautiful graceful bridge was built from steel produced in an Italian factory, the services of which Calatrava often uses in his projects.
Glenfinnan Viaduct in Scotland
The Glenfinnan Viaduct is one of the most famous railway bridges in the world. It was built over 4 years: from 1897 to 1901. Its length is amazing: 380 meters, it consists of 21 arches. The maximum height of such an arch is 30 meters. A single-track railway runs along the viaduct.
Immediately after the viaduct was opened, many people were of the opinion that it was ugly and that it only spoiled the view of the valley. Nowadays, the opinion of people is completely opposite.
If you are a fan of the Harry Potter films, then you probably know that this particular viaduct was in the frames of films about the famous wizard.
Forth Bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland
The bridge was built in 1890 to connect Edinburgh with the north of Scotland. The construction of this railway miracle of engineering was made possible thanks to B. Baker and D. Fowler, who as a result managed to build a bridge on which about 200 trains pass every day.
For more than 120 years, since its construction, the Scots have been continuously painting the bridge, which is 2.5 km long. Before the paint had dried on one end of the object, rust began to form on the other.
In Great Britain, the expression "to paint the bridge of the Forth" has become the equivalent of our phraseological units "Sisyphean labor" and "to carry water in a sieve." Since 2012, thanks to a new composition of special paint, the bridge is completely covered with paint. The endless painting process is estimated to have been interrupted for at least 25 years.
Bridge on Lotefossen waterfall, Odda, Norway
The Lotefossen waterfall is one of the most beautiful waterfalls in the world. Not far from it there is a stone bridge, very beautiful. The water that accumulates at the foot of the waterfall passes under the bridge and, turning at a right angle, rushes down the gorge, which winds like a narrow ribbon next to the road.
Pedestrian bridge, Texas, USA
A new footbridge connected the main and guest houses, located on the shores of Lake Austin in a very picturesque place among dense green vegetation. This light and graceful bridge was inspired by local studio Miró Rivera Architects from the reeds and other plants that cover the shores of the lake.
Juscelino Kubitschek, Brasilia, Brazil
The bridge was named after the 24th President of Brazil. The JK Bridge was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and engineer Mario Vila Verde.
The bridge stands on four pylons dug into the bottom of Lake Paranoa, and from above the roadway is supported by three huge arcs crossing the bridge. Despite the structural complexity of the project and its huge cost, these characteristics give the bridge an amazing architectural beauty and grandeur, comparable in grandeur to the scale of Brazil.
Rolling Bridge, London, England
Pedestrian bridge from DVVD, Villetanese, France.
The new bridge has two functions: it connects the south and north of the town and allows passengers to get to the platforms where trains stop. The bridge smoothly leaves the ground and returns to it. It can be compared to a huge leaf rolled up into a tube, which is ready to provide people with safe passage through the railway tracks and car roads. The outer walls of the bridge were sheathed with wooden panels, which help to form its pleasant and memorable appearance.
Pedestrian bridge, Knokke, Belgium
A new bridge in the Belgian resort town of Knokke was built directly with access to Queen Elisabeth Avenue. The bridge has two functions. Firstly, it connects the sea and green areas, allowing tourists to move from one to another on foot or by bicycle. Secondly, the bridge symbolizes the beginning of the city. The static model is a steel beam 102 meters long, which is mounted on 4 supports.
Pedestrian bridges for animals
Caring for nature for some countries is not limited to sorting waste and releasing things from recycled materials. In addition to saving environment and natural resources, great national importance is attached to the protection of wild animals. On stretches of roads in these countries, you can see not only the warning signs "Wild Animals", but also infrared sensors, informing drivers about the approach of an animal, as well as special footbridges, ecoducts, designed to transport animals across the road.
Similar structures are erected over busy highways. At the same time, the structure is carefully disguised as a landscape of the area so that it resembles a fragment of the natural environment.
Belgium, Freeway E314
Lake Keechelous area, Washington, USA
De Borkeld, The Netherlands 
Germany
National Park, Canada
Updated on 22/06/15 12:16:
String Bridge in Jerusalem
Railway and pedestrian bridge, built in 2008 by Santiago Calatrava. Also known as the "Harp of David".
This amazing suspension string bridge grew at the entrance to Jerusalem relatively recently, but has already managed to win the sympathy of local residents and tourists with its amazing shape. The bridge consists of a single pier that balances the 160-meter span with long cables, creating an amazing architectural effect.
Often here and there I came across simply beautiful photographs of Moscow bridges on the Internet - until I got the idea to write an article about them) So, the most unusual, in my opinion, bridges of Moscow =)
picturesque bridge
Let's start, perhaps, with the most picturesque bridge in Moscow in the literal and figurative sense, because that's what it is called - picturesque bridge!
The design of the Picturesque bridge has analogues in the world - the pylon is made in the form of a huge arched structure, thrown from one bank of the river to the other, and the bridge crosses the river at an acute angle. Noise barriers are installed on both sides of the bridge. At the top of the arch, an ellipsoid-shaped restaurant with an observation deck is built, somewhat reminiscent of a flying saucer)
The length of the bridge is 1460 meters, the width is 37 meters, the length of the main span is 409.5 meters, the span of the arch is 182 meters, the height of the arch is 105 meters, the number of cables is 72. From the roadway to the surface of the water - 30 meters. Overall dimensions of the observation deck: length - 33 m, width - 24 m, height - 13 m.
The load-bearing structures - the pylon and the shrouds - are painted in deep red. The shrouds are sheathed in sheet metal and have an outer diameter of about 130 mm. At the point where the cables are attached to the roadway, there are special knots for tensioning the cables. To the uninitiated, these nodes look like pairs of metal cylinders connected by small diameter bolts. The cylinders are actually protective caps, and the use of such bolts is justified for their connection. However, shortly after the opening of the bridge, the small diameter of the bolts was noticed by the citizens, and it was also noticed that the nuts on some of the bolts were not tightened. This provoked first a chain of publications in blogs, then in the media, and then an unscheduled inspection by Rostekhnadzor, which did not reveal any violations.
The picturesque bridge is part of Zvenigorodsky Prospekt, which includes another exceptional object - the almost three-kilometer Serebryanoborsky Tunnel, consisting of 2 levels: one for vehicles moving, the other for metro trains. The diameter of the structures is 13 m, the distance between them is 34 meters. For the first time in world construction practice, the tunnel did not cut through solid rock, but the so-called unstable terrain, which has a complex hydraulic system. The tunnel is equipped with last word technology - modern systems fire extinguishing, video surveillance and smoke removal equipment.
At the moment, traffic on the bridge and the North-West tunnel is limited at night (from 23:00 to 06:00) in the Novorizhskoye direction in order to check the supporting structures of the bridge and tunnel. Traffic on the bridge and tunnel will be limited to only one lane, but in some cases it is possible to restrict traffic to two lanes.
Bridge Bagration
The next bridge on our list is the Bagration pedestrian bridge.
Bridge Bagration- a commercial and pedestrian bridge across the Moskva River as part of the Moscow City complex under construction.
The bridge was built of glass and concrete according to the project of the architect B. I. Thor and named after the Russian commander P. I. Bagration. In appearance, this is an unusual and rather futuristic building.
Bagration connects the Krasnopresnenskaya embankment with the Taras Shevchenko embankment.
The length of the bridge is 214 m, the width is 16 m, the height above the river level is 14 m. It was opened in September 1997 to celebrate the 850th anniversary of Moscow.
The Bagration Bridge consists of two levels. The lower level is a covered gallery glazed throughout. For the convenience of pedestrian traffic, horizontal travalators are installed at this level. The upper level is partially glazed, it has an open observation deck.
There are trade pavilions on the bridge. From the side of Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, the vestibule of the bridge is connected to the exit of the Vystavochnaya metro station. On this side, on the embankment, there is a motor ship pier of the same name.
From the side of the Taras Shevchenko embankment, the bridge is combined with the "Tower 2000" - a 104-meter skyscraper in the Moscow-City complex, then there is an alley to Kutuzovsky Prospekt, on which a monument to P.I. Bagration was erected. By the way, it was the Bagration Bridge that was the first construction of the Moscow-City complex.
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Pushkin bridge
I think I should also write about the Pushkin Bridge - it is also a pedestrian bridge built across the Moscow River. It connects Pushkinskaya Embankment of Neskuchny Garden with Frunzenskaya Embankment.
Pushkin bridge built in 2000 using the structures of the old Andreevsky bridge, built between 1905 and 1907 according to the project of L. D. Proskuryakov and A. N. Pomerantsev.
The main arch of the Pushkin Bridge, weighing about 1,500 tons, was moved to its current location by three barges in 1999. The whole complex of works took 11 months, navigation on the river was blocked for eight and a half days, and the actual towing took an hour and a half.
Since the riverbed in the new place is wider than in Luzhniki, from the side of the Frunzenskaya embankment, the arch does not rest on the hinge of the coastal support, but on the outrigger channel support; between the hinge of the arch and the shore - two reinforced concrete beam spans of 25 m each, decorated with false arches. The supports stand on grillages, under them are bored poles and piles up to 17 m deep.
Crimean bridge
Crimean bridge- a suspension bridge across the Moscow River, located on the Garden Ring highway and connecting Krymskaya Square with Krymsky Val Street.
The Crimean bridge was opened on May 1, 1938 and at that time entered the top six bridges in Europe in terms of the length of the river span - 168 meters. The bridge has 3 spans; its total length is 688 m, width 38.5 m. It was built at the Kramatorsk plants of NKMZ (main part) and SKMZ (pedestrian part and chains).
The bridgehead area of the western end of the bridge is Krymskaya Square, on which a flyover was built to decouple traffic along the Garden Ring and Komsomolsky Prospekt on different levels(reconstructed in the late 90s). The eastern end of the bridge merges into Krymsky Val Street, overlooking Kaluga Square.
The type of construction used by engineer B.P. Konstantinov and architect A.V. Vlasov when designing the Crimean bridge is original and rare in world practice: its pylons, each 28.7 meters high, stand separately and are not connected at the top. Chains pass through the top, fixed in abutments at the ends of the bridge. The total length of each chain is 297 m, the total weight of metal structures is about 10,000 tons.
The passages along the embankments pass under the bridge in the coastal spans between the pylons and anchor abutments at the ends of the chains. Approach ramps are built along reinforced concrete flyovers, the facade sides of which are covered with walls lined with granite. Garages are located under the overpasses. To descend from the sidewalks of the bridge, stairs are arranged along the walls of the approaches.
Previously, on the site of the modern Crimean bridge, there was the Nikolsky wooden bridge, built in 1789 according to the project of A. Gerard. In the 1870s the dilapidated bridge was replaced by a metal one with two lattice beam spans (designed by V. K. Shpeyer); in 1936 the bridge was moved 50 m downstream of the Moskva River, and then dismantled. The bridge got its name from the ancient Crimean ford, through which the Crimean Tatars crossed during raids on Moscow.
From April to December 2001, work was carried out on the general reconstruction of the Crimean bridge. During this time, the builders have replaced the pavement of sidewalks and the carriageway of the bridge. The prefabricated pavement slabs were replaced with a monolith. In addition, the waterproofing of the bridge was updated, anti-corrosion treatment of metal structures was carried out. Also replaced 5.5 thousand square meters granite cladding.
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Patriarchal Bridge
Of course, one cannot ignore the relatively small, but no less unusual Patriarchal bridge.
The Patriarchal Bridge is a pedestrian bridge opened in 2004. It is located opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, crossing the Moscow River and connecting Prechistenskaya and Bersenevskaya embankments, then the stylobate part goes through Bolotny Island and crosses the Vodootvodny Canal, ending at Yakimanskaya Embankment.
The Patriarchal Bridge was designed by architect M. Posokhin, artist Zurab Tsereteli and engineers A. Kolchin and O. Chemerinsky. It features an unusual truss structure of the bearing span.
In general, the building is stylized as the traditional architecture of bridges of the 19th century. Lamps are built into the bridge canvas, creating original lighting.
Novoarbatsky bridge
To unusual bridges Moscow can also be attributed Novoarbatsky bridge- a steel-reinforced concrete beam bridge across the Moscow River, connecting Novy Arbat and Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Built in 1957. In 2003-2004 major renovation was carried out.
The main span is located at an angle of 72° to the river bed and is a continuous steel-reinforced concrete beam (a prestressed concrete slab is included in joint work with load-bearing steel beams). The thickenings of the upper slab, visible directly under the parapets of the sidewalks, are the casings of the tension rope anchors. For the first time in Moscow practice, steel spans are all-welded.
River supports, each of which includes six channeled columns on a common base, rest on coffered foundations, coastal supports are piled. The bridge complex also includes a pre-bridge area from the side of the center. Directly above the bridge is the mouth of the collector of the Presnya River.
On June 15, 2003, the Novoarbatsky bridge was closed for the duration of the overhaul. In the course of the work, the builders eliminated the deflection of the channel span of the bridge, replaced the reinforced concrete slabs of the roadway and utilities. The reconstruction was completed on July 3, 2004.
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"Million Bridge"
Well, we got to the Rostokino aqueduct, or, as it is also called, the “Million Bridge” =) This is an aqueduct in Moscow, erected back in the time of Catherine II.
In 1767, Catherine II convened a Commission in Moscow to develop new legislation for the country. The Muscovites' order touched upon the problem of Moscow's water supply, since the plague epidemic in 1771 raised the issue of the construction of a water supply system (“water supply”) with particular acuteness. On July 28, 1779, Catherine II instructed "Lieutenant-General Bauer to carry out water work for the benefit of our patronal city of Moscow." In the same year, military engineer F.V. Bauer carried out the necessary research and presented a project for the Mytishchi gravity water pipeline. Construction began in 1780. During the construction of the aqueduct, the architects were Bauer and Colonel I. Gerard.
The construction of the water pipeline was interrupted several times and lasted about 25 years. It was completed and launched only in 1804. This construction cost a whopping 1 million 648 thousand rubles at that time: that's why the Rostokinsk aqueduct was popularly called “ Million bridge”.
The Mytishchi water pipeline in those days was a grandiose structure. In 1785, Catherine called it the best building in Moscow, that "it looks as light as a feather ... and very durable." Rostokinsky aqueduct 356 meters long with abutments up to 15 meters high was for its time the largest stone bridge in Russia.
Nowadays Rostokinsky aqueduct located parallel to Prospekt Mira, in the VDNKh area.
In Soviet times, a heating main ran along the aqueduct. In 2007-2008, the Rostokinsky aqueduct was restored, equipped with railings and a decorative roof, and opened to the public.
Borodinsky bridge
The last thing in this article I decided to describe Borodinsky bridge is a steel three-span beam bridge across the Moskva River, connecting Smolenskaya Square with Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street and Kievsky Railway Station.
Since 1788, on the site of the current bridge, there was a “live” Dorogomilovsky bridge; in September 1812, after the Battle of Borodino, both Russian and French troops passed through it. The bridge was regularly destroyed by floods. In 1865, the city allocated 300,000 rubles for the construction of the capital Dorogomilovsky Bridge. The first competition was unsuccessful, the second was won by industrial engineer Amand Struve. The bridge, the project of which was personally approved by Emperor Alexander II, was named Borodino. Construction began on May 2, 1867, and was completed less than a year later, on May 15, 1868. The construction of the bridge is a box-shaped beam typical for Struve projects (three spans of 43 meters each), manufactured at the Kolomna Plant.
With the construction of the Bryansk (Kyiv) station, it became necessary to replace the old, narrow bridge of 1868. In 1909, the designers of Oskolkov, Shchekotov and Klein won open competition projects and began construction in 1911. The bridge, with a total length of 250 meters, had three steel arch spans (40.9, 45.5, 40.9 m long). Each span consisted of 12 riveted arches with a pitch of 2.1 m. The road surface had a carriageway 18.5 m wide and two footpaths of 3.5 m each.
The Borodinsky Bridge is one of two Moscow automobile bridges that did not require immediate replacement in the 1930s. due to the rise in the water level during the launch of the Moscow Canal, however, the intersection of the carriageways of the bridge and embankments at the same level significantly limited its transport capabilities. In 1952, the bridge was rebuilt under the direction of Yu. V. Werner. Bearing bulls and coastal buildings were built on in height and width; the carriageway has been widened to 42.6 m wide. Arches 26.0 meters wide were built on the banks to decouple traffic along the Rostovskaya and Berezhkovskaya embankments. The total length of the bridge, including approaches, reached 352 m. In 1979, tram tracks were removed from the bridge.
In 1999-2001 the bridge was rebuilt again, as the condition of the load-bearing arches and the road slab required their immediate replacement. A study of the bulls showed that they were too weak to carry a steel arch or concrete beam structure. Therefore, the lightest (in every sense) solution was chosen - a steel beam with an orthotropic roadway slab. The bridge has retained the Klein obelisks and porticos, but has completely lost its arched essence. The beams are “camouflaged” with curvilinear aprons made of sheet steel, imitating load-bearing arches (a similar snag was used during the reconstruction of the Novospassky Bridge).
Something I thought that I almost never blogged about bridges. But often it is they who become a landmark of a region or a particular city, like a flight and a triumph of engineering, or simply as an interesting, beautiful building.
Charles Bridge in Prague. One of the most famous bridges in the world, visited by millions of tourists every year. It was opened in 1380, and the construction was initiated by Charles IV.
Banpo Bridge in Seoul South Korea. Not even just a bridge, but a bridge-fountain. Received world fame thanks to the Moonlight Rainbow Fountain. It even got into the Guinness Book of Records as a bridge with the longest fountain - its length is 1140 m. This fountain is illuminated, so tourists can watch light shows several times a day.
Puente Nuevo bridge in Spain. The bridge was built in 1751. It took 42 years to build. The Puente Nuevo bridge connects 2 parts of the ancient Spanish city of Ronda and is located over a 100 m deep gorge.
Bridge RanYang (Runyang). It is the second longest in China - 1490 m and the fourth longest in the world. Crosses the Yangtze River in Jiangsu
Kazhu Bridge (Khaju). One of the most famous bridges in Persia. It was built by Shah Abbas II in 1650. The bridge was also used as a dam.
Vasco da Gama Bridge in Portugal. This is the longest bridge in Europe. The main length of the bridge is 829 m. The total length is 17.2 km. The bridge is new. It was built in 1998. 3300 workers worked on its creation. It is noteworthy that cars traveling across the bridge to Lisbon are charged, while vehicles traveling in the opposite direction pass for free
Shenyang Bridge or Yongji Bridge. One of the most beautiful bridges in China. Its name translates as the bridge of Wind and Rain. The bridge was built without rivets or nails, and is supported by properly fitted beams.
Brooklyn Bridge in New York. The first bridge in the construction of which began to use steel bars. One of the oldest suspension bridges in the US. Is one of the symbols of New York
Fehmarn Sound bridge in Germany. It was built during the cold war. At that time, during the construction of the bridge, explosives were immediately laid in it, so that in the event of an invasion, the bridge could be quickly blown up.
Mackinac Bridge, Michigan. 8 km long. Once a year, this bridge is blocked for cars and thousands of pedestrians walk over it. This event is held on Labor Day and is known as the Mackinac Bridge Walk. The Mackinac Bridge is also the third longest on our planet.
Konitsa Bridge is the highest arched bridge in Greece and also, concurrently, one of the most dangerous bridges in the same country. A bell is attached under the bridge and locals they say that when it starts to ring from the wind, it becomes extremely dangerous to cross the bridge
Rode Brug (Red Bridge) bridge in the Netherlands. Only one car can pass over it, although the road leading to the bridge is two-way. Located in the city of Utrecht and is a continuation of the local Red Light District.
Tower Bridge is one of the symbols of London and Britain. And also one of the most famous bridges of our time
Rialto Bridge. It is one of the oldest and most famous bridges in Venice.
Chapel Bridge in Switzerland. Under the roof of this bridge, there are about 100 paintings depicting various moments from the history of Switzerland. The bridge itself was built in the 14th century
Old bridge in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Was built in the 16th century. During the war in Croatia, it was destroyed, but then restored in 2004
Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong. 6th longest bridge in the world.
Ponte Vecchio bridge in Florence. The first version was rebuilt in the 10th century. The oldest bridge in Florence and the only one that was not destroyed during World War II
Python Bridge in Amsterdam. This bridge, resembling a giant snake, was built in 2001.
Eitai Bridge in Tokyo. It was originally wooden. But, after an earthquake at the beginning of the 20th century, it was redone using steel cables.
Harbor Bridge in Sydney. The largest steel arch bridge in the world, well, the most big bridge in Sydney.
It was opened on March 19, 1932. The Sydney people themselves call the bridge “Hanger”, for the corresponding shape. It is a favorite place for tourists in New Year, because some of the most beautiful pyrotechnic shows are held here
Penang Bridge, Malaysia. Connects to the mainland. The total length of the bridge is 13.5 km. It is the third longest bridge in the world.
Pont du Gard or Gar bridge. Included in the UNESCO fund, as it is the highest, well-preserved Roman aqueduct bridge. It was built in 19 BC.
The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. By the way, I already wrote about him on the blog. We read about. It is one of the most famous bridges in the world.
Kintai Bridge in Japan. Built in 1673 across the river Nishiki
Puente del Alamillo bridge in Spain. Remarkable in that it has only one support. Built in 1992
Helix Bridge in Singapore. Built in 2010 and is one of the most beautiful pedestrian bridges
The Pont d'Avignon Bridge in France or the Avignon Bridge. Built in the 13th century. Then part of the bridge collapsed, was restored, but collapsed again. So now it looks like this.
Gateshead Millennium pedestrian and bicycle bridge in England. It is the world's first tilting bridge. It was opened in 2001, but still attracts crowds of tourists who are eager to look at its slope when a ship is on the river.
Puente Trajan bridge in Spain or Trajan's bridge. One of the important monuments of the Roman Empire. It was built in 104-106 AD.
