What do we visit first in new cities? Of course, temples. Even if we are far from religion, anyway - out of curiosity or interest in architecture - we will go to the majestic cathedral of Rome or a small, squat church somewhere in the Russian North. At least that's what I always do when I travel. The grandeur of San Pietro or the silence of the Solovetsky Monastery inspires and gives food for thought. There are about a thousand churches in Moscow, and the most important of them are well known to everyone. But few people know the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, although it is located in the very heart of our ancient city. Why did it happen? What is hidden behind the thick red brick monastery walls? In my opinion, Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is one of the places of power in modern Moscow. Even when hundreds of cars are stuck in a traffic jam on Tverskaya, and another concert is taking place on Red Square, here, on the old Petrovka street, it is quiet and not crowded. Let's try to figure out why.
History of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in Moscow
It is not completely known who founded the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. Perhaps it was the Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Russia Peter. Or perhaps Ivan Danilovich Kalita, who is now canonized as a saint. It was he who strengthened and rallied Muscovy.
According to legend, the prince had a vision, after which he built a temple and named it in honor of Metropolitan Peter - Peter and Paul. There is also a third version of its origin: allegedly Dmitry Donskoy, having returned from the Battle of Kulikovo, laid a temple at the intersection of Petrovka Street and Petrovsky Boulevard as a sign of the victory of the Russian army.
One way or another, in 1315 the temple was erected. Buildings appeared around it, and gradually the place became not just a temple, but a monastic cloister.
The Peter and Paul Church had a difficult fate. However, in those days when it was wooden, many city buildings were endangered. So, at the end of the 15th century, after another enemy raid, half of the city burned down, including the temple. In the summer of 1517 the church was restored in stone. Just then, for the first time, the temple was called by the name with which it has come down to our days: Vysoko-Petrovsky. A century later, when the Polish invaders were expelled from Moscow (they also attacked the monastery), the buildings were surrounded stone wall. In this frame, it is clearly visible, this is the view from Petrovka Street. By the way, Petrovka and the surrounding streets (Petrovsky Lines, Petrovsky Boulevard) got their names precisely because of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery.
The monastery received the status of stauropegial, which at all times was considered very important and honorable for the monastery. For example, today in Russia there are only 33 stavropegial monasteries. Let's figure out what this means.
The status of stauropegial is assigned only to Orthodox monasteries, cathedrals, laurels and even theological schools. He makes them independent of the local diocesan authorities. Such religious institutions report directly to the patriarch. Translated from Greek, “stauropegial” literally means “hoisting the cross” - it is understood that the cross is personally installed on the top of the cathedral by the patriarch. At least that's how it used to be. Perhaps the most famous stavropegic cathedral for us is the Holy Trinity Cathedral. It is located in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
But back to Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. At the end of the 17th century, he began to feel even better thanks to Kirill Naryshkin, the grandfather of the Great. In fact, Kirill Poluektovich was very lucky in life. He was born near Tarusa, was married to a landowner, and he himself had the rank of captain, took part in wars and rose to the rank of head of the archery regiment.
Further fate their families were decided by the successful marriage of his daughter Natalya Kirillovna with - neither more nor less - Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (for him this was already the second marriage). Shortly before the birth of his grandson (the future Emperor Peter the Great), Kirill Poluektovich was granted the nobility, and soon the boyars. And here is a portrait of Natalya Kirillovna, mother.
So what role did the Naryshkins play in the life of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery?
The fact is that the estate of the Naryshkins was located very close to the walls of the monastery. And the whole family was so happy about the birth of the heir, little Petenka, that the grandfather gave the estate to the son-in-law. But since the son-in-law was the king, and he apparently did not need another estate, he donated it to the monastery. And the territory of the monastery has doubled at once. It is curious that ten years later almost all members of the Naryshkin family were buried within the walls of the monastery. Peter the Great (when he already became the ruler of the Russian Empire) completed the construction of the Bogolyubsky temple on the territory of the monastery and made it the family burial place of his ancestors maternal line.
Also, thanks to Peter, they built the holy gates and the Intercession Church above them - it turned out to be a very elegant and majestic entrance to the monastery.
For the next fifteen years, the monastery lived its quiet measured life until the year 1812. When Napoleon's troops took Moscow, French cavalrymen lived in the temples of the monastery. They plundered and destroyed even the tombstones of the burials (including the Naryshkins), and public executions were carried out near the monastery walls. Part of the church relics, however, the monks managed to take to the Yaroslavl province. After the French invasion, two churches (Pokrovskaya and Pahomievskaya) were closed. Fortunately, the monastery and its inhabitants recovered from the blow, and in the first half of the 19th century a theological school and the Moscow diocesan library were opened here.
By the beginning of the 20th century, which was difficult for the church, the Vysoko-Petrovsky male monastery had 15 inhabitants (this is the name of the monks who live in the monastery permanently). It's only three times more quantity temples on the territory of the monastery. By the way, now on the territory of the monastery there are five churches and cathedrals: St. Sergius Radonezh, the Church of Peter and Paul, the Cathedral of St. Metropolitan, the Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God and the Church of the Tolga Mother of God. In the frame, the main cathedral of the monastery and one of the most unusual in its architecture - the Cathedral of Peter the Metropolitan. It became the first multi-petal temple in Russia.
There is also a chapel of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and the Gate Church of the Intercession Holy Mother of God. The red ones impress me the most. brick walls and facade of the monastery. Even if I'm just in a hurry somewhere along Petrovka, I always admire them.
Let's go back to 1917. After the revolution, turbulent times came for the monastery. Temples miraculously remained active right up to 1929, but the Bolsheviks liquidated the living quarters. The last to close the Bogolyubsky temple. The tombstones on the graves of the boyars Naryshkins were again destroyed, the crosses were removed from the domes.
And so that the square would not be empty, a repair plant was organized in the church. Other temples housed gyms, foundries, libraries, and even communal apartments! In the Soviet Union, the premises did not go to waste, everything went into action. By the way, the Bogolyubsky temple has not been restored to this day (although divine services are held here.), It needs restoration. The interior of the cathedral looks like this.
In the 50s, they wanted to raze the monastery to the ground: it was necessary to expand the roads, and not pray to God and preserve the ancient architecture. Fortunately, the monastery survived, and by the beginning of the 60s it was recognized as an architectural monument. The Literary Museum and theater workshops were opened within the church walls.
A full restoration of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery began only in 2009. A year later, a new bell was consecrated here - "St. Peter". The life of monks and parishioners gradually began to return to their usual calm course.
What to see in Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery
Now there are several temples and churches on the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, I have already listed them above. They regularly hold services and celebrate religious holidays.
Despite the destruction that the monastery suffered in the Soviet years, valuable shrines have been preserved in the temples of the monastery. Among the most interesting, I would note the main shrine of the monastery - the relics of St. Peter (remember that according to one of the versions, it was he who was the founder of the monastery?). The relics are stored in the ark (it stands in the temple of Sergius of Radonezh), which was presented to the monastery by Patriarch Kirill. Every Saturday, the ark is taken out so that those who wish can bow to it. The patriarch also gave the monastery a cross with a particle of the Cross of the Lord. On this cross, according to Christian doctrine, Christ was crucified.
Also in the church of Sergius of Radonezh are the relics of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, and also the most important and revered icon of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, the full-length icon of St. Peter.
In the 2000s, the philanthropist presented the monastery with a gift: particles of the relics of Seraphim of Sarov in a casket, a piece of an old man's robe, and a piece of a boulder. According to legend, the saint prayed on this stone for exactly a thousand days and nights. And the box traveled a lot, fell into the hands of different people and, finally, it ended up with antiquarians, who handed it over to the monastery. It is very symbolic that the monastery received such a gift in the year of the centenary of the glorification Reverend Seraphim.
Even people who are not churched know the story of how St. Seraphim of Sarov fed a wild bear from the hands. The beast came to the monk from the forest, and he treated him to bread. No one could believe that a wild animal would not touch a saint. This story is reflected in many works of art.
There is also a fragment of the relics of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the monastery. Believers can always come to the monastery and pray in any church. To make it easier for parishioners to learn everything about the events taking place in the monastery, the inhabitants try to keep up with the times. The monastery has its own website, page in Instagram and others in social networks. There, the press service of the monastery tells subscribers about the events, shares retro photos and sometimes even uploads a video. On the site you will find information about the priests, abbots and archimandrites of the monastery, watch the presentation, and check out the detailed schedule of services. You can also check the schedule of services by phone: +7 495 623 7580.
The monastery is open to visitors daily from 7 am to 7 pm. I like being here at sunset the most. At this time of day, the shadows from the ancient trees fall beautifully on the churches, and the red walls seem even brighter.
Where is Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery
The monastery is located in the very center of Moscow, at the intersection of Petrovka Street and Krapivensky Lane.
The exact address is st. Petrovka, 28/2.
The easiest way to get to the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is on foot (it is usually difficult to park on Petrovka). Nearest metro stations: Chekhovskaya, Trubnaya, Tverskaya, Pushkinskaya, Kuznetsky Most. Each of these paths is good and interesting. If you go from Tverskaya, walk along Strastnoy Boulevard, and then, at the intersection with Petrovka, you will see such a building and the bell tower of the monastery.
It is curious that earlier this three-storey house built in 1901 also belonged to the monastery. There were almshouses here, and the building itself was wooden. After the revolution, it was taken away from the monastery, and now there are restaurants and residential apartments. Relatively recently, in the 90s, another floor was added on top.
It will be interesting to take a walk from the Kuznetsky Bridge - first down Kuznetsky Most Street, then - to the right along Petrovka.
I love this street: it is quiet and somehow European. Take a look at the Petrovsky passage (before 1917 - Firsanovsky, named after its founders) - this beautiful pre-revolutionary building has the status of an architectural monument of federal significance.
AT Soviet years here they sewed underwear for the army, designed airships and showed films. Now there are shops famous brands.
In general, the Tverskoy district of Moscow, in which the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is located, is perhaps my favorite. It is remarkable from a historical and architectural point of view, the main city artery - Tverskaya Street - passes here, there is a hipster Hermitage garden, and Tversky-Yamsky streets strewn with constructivist buildings. I am sure that after visiting the magnificent Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, everyone will come up with a route to their liking.
Address: Russia Moscow
Foundation date: 14th century
Main attractions: Cathedral of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh, Church of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God, Church of Peter and Paul (Pakhomovskaya Church)
Shrines: The miraculous Kazan icon of the Mother of God, the icon of St. Peter with a particle of relics, the relics of Mitrofan of Voronezh, a cross with a particle of the Life-Giving Tree of the Lord, an ark with particles of the relics of the Kiev-Pechersk saints, the Diveevsky ark
Coordinates: 55°46"02.5"N 37°36"55.0"E
An object cultural heritage Russia
Few Russian cities can boast of 700-year-old monasteries. In the historical center of Moscow, within the Boulevard Ring, a male monastery of the XIV century has been preserved. According to one version, Metropolitan of All Russia Peter became its founder. ancient monastery interesting not only for its history, but also for its beautiful architectural monuments built in the 17th-18th centuries.
Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery from a bird's eye view
How the monastery appeared
There are several legends about the founding of the monastery. According to one version, it was laid by the first of the Russian church hierarchs who settled in Moscow - Metropolitan Peter. At the beginning of the 14th century, he became close to Prince John I, nicknamed Kalita, and built the wooden church of Peter and Paul.
According to another legend, the monastery was founded by John I Kalita himself. In 1326, shortly before the death of the metropolitan, the prince hunted where the monastery later appeared, and he dreamed of a high snow mountain. Before the eyes of the prince, the snow quickly melted, and the mountain was gone. Saint Peter explained to the prince that the mountain symbolizes the prince himself, and the snow symbolizes the metropolitan, so most likely the prince will outlive him. Hearing this, John I Kalita ordered the construction of a wooden church of Peter and Paul, and then the monks settled around it.
According to the third version, the monastery was founded by Dmitry Donskoy. The Moscow prince founded it on the site of an old church built by John I Kalita and dedicated it to the memory of Russian soldiers who died during the Battle of Kulikovo. There is also an assumption that under Dmitry Donskoy Monastery already existed. But in 1382, the troops of Khan Tokhtamysh ravaged it, and the prince put a lot of effort into rebuilding temples and cells for monks.
In the foreground is the Cathedral of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow
The history of the monastery in the XV-XIX centuries
In the Middle Ages, all the monasteries of Moscow suffered from enemy raids and strong fires. The ancient Peter and Paul Monastery was built of wood, and therefore burned to the ground. In 1493, a fire in Moscow was so devastating that half the city burned down. The fire killed about 200 people, including several inhabitants of the monastery.
Stone construction in the monastery began thanks to Grand Duke Vasily III. By his decree, the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin built a stone cathedral dedicated to Metropolitan Peter. Since that time, the monastery began to be called Vysoko-Petrovskaya, although until the 18th century the old name “Peter and Paul” was still found in historical documents.
After the expulsion of the Polish-Lithuanian troops from Russia, the monastery territory was fenced with a stone wall. In those days, the monastery was led by an archimandrite, and it consisted of four priests, two deacons, a sexton, a deacon, and six elders.
Under Peter I, the territory of the monastery doubled. The family tomb of the Naryshkins was erected - the stone Bogolyubsky church, the refectory church of Sergei Radonezh, the fraternal building and the gate of the Intercession Church. By 1735, more than 70 inhabitants lived in the monastery, and it owned six thousand peasants.
Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God
The war with the French brought many troubles and devastation to the monastery. When the Napoleonic troops entered Moscow, the French cavalrymen settled in the monastery. They desecrated the monastery churches and destroyed the tombs of the Naryshkins. Muscovites were especially outraged by the fact that Napoleonic soldiers drove hooks into the iconostasis of the Bogolyubsky temple and hung the carcasses of slaughtered animals on them.
After the war, the monastery was restored, and it began to play a prominent role in the spiritual life of Muscovites. A religious school was opened here, and books from the extensive diocesan library were kept.
The fate of the monastery in the XX century
By the beginning of the last century, 15 inhabitants lived in the monastery. After the advent of Soviet power, the monastery was liquidated, and the buildings were converted into housing. Church Services in temples were conducted until 1929. After the last Bogolyubskaya church was closed, the burial place of the Naryshkins was destroyed, and an enterprise was created in the church to repair agricultural machinery.
A library was placed in the former church of Sergei Radonezh, and then - gym. AT ancient cathedral St. Peter, there was a foundry, and all the other churches and buildings were converted into communal housing. By the middle of the last century, the once majestic monastic ensemble was practically lost. Moreover, the new urban plans included the expansion of the highway and the demolition of the ancient monastery.
Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh with a refectory
Fortunately, this did not happen. In 1959, the monastery received the status of an architectural monument, and gradually enterprises were removed from here and communal housing was settled. Theater workshops, a rehearsal hall, a literary museum and several organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Culture were placed in the temples. Until 1987, restoration work was carried out in the old buildings, and in 1994 they were transferred to the church. Then the monastery was revived here.
Old churches and monastic buildings
In the center of the monastery stands the oldest monastery church - the small Cathedral of St. Peter, built in 1517. It looks like an octagonal tower and topped with a helmet-shaped dome. The monastery cathedral is considered a unique architectural monument, because it is one of the first pillar-shaped churches that appeared in Russia.
Entrances to the church are located on the northern, southern and western sides; windows are cut on the other "petals" of the lower tier. The iconostasis and wall paintings that can be seen in the cathedral are remodeled - they appeared in the 1990s.
Church of Peter and Paul
The beautiful Bogolyubsky Cathedral was built in the 80s of the 17th century. Until 1771, the boyars Naryshkins were buried here. The basis of the temple is a square double-height quadrangle, the top of which is decorated with graceful keel-shaped zakomaras. Five onion domes rise on high drums. Inside the temple, paintings of the 18th-19th centuries and fragments of ancient stucco have been preserved.
From the south of the Cathedral of St. Peter stands the temple of Sergius of Radonezh. The refectory church was erected at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries in the traditions of the magnificent "Naryshkin" baroque. Initially, it had one chapter, but then it became five-headed. In the external design of the Sergius Church, white stone decor, popular in Moscow architecture, was used. Portals, architraves and bases of drums are made of limestone.
FROM mid-eighteenth century, the monastery is decorated with a neat single-domed church of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God. The rectangular temple rises next to Petrovka Street. It is built on a basement and has one five-sided apse. It is believed that the project church building performed by the master of Russian baroque Ivan Fedorovich Michurin or one of his students. Today inside this church there is a beautiful ceramic iconostasis.
Church of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God
On the north side you can see the high monastery bell tower with the gate church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. The red-and-white elegant church was erected in the 90s of the 17th century by decree of Peter I. It has a massive square base, which ends with two octagonal bell towers. For a long time The church was used as a house church for the abbot of the monastery. The temple stands above the gate, which was created to enter the monastery in 1680. Since the beginning of the last century, a small chapel of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God has existed in the southern span of the gate. After the revolution, the revered image disappeared, and the chapel itself was closed. However, today it has been completely restored and is open to believers.
In the southern part of the monastery there is a baroque temple of St. Pachomius, built in the middle of the 18th century. Today it has not yet been fully restored. In addition, on the territory of the monastery you can see the rector's and cell buildings, the one-story tomb of the Naryshkins and a small belfry.
Story
Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was founded in the XIV century by St. Peter, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Russia. The saint transferred the metropolitan see to Moscow, after which the city began to rise as the church and state center of Russia. Among its builders and benefactors: Princes John Kalita and Dimitry Donskoy, Grand Duke Vasily III, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, Emperor Peter I, St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. Saints Mitrofan of Voronezh and Saint Tikhon, Patriarch of Moscow, served in the churches of the monastery. Nine clerics, monks and parishioners of the monastery were glorified in the Cathedral of New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia.
The architectural ensemble of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was formed from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th centuries and is a well-preserved architectural monument of the Naryshkin baroque.
Most ancient temple monastery - the Cathedral of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Russia, erected at the beginning of the 16th century by the architect Aleviz Fryazin, the builder of the Archangel Cathedral of the Kremlin. The cathedral was erected on the site of an older wooden church.
In 1684, during a pilgrimage to Bogolyubovo, Natalia Kirillovna and her royal son, Peter was presented with a copy of the miraculous Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God. For the sake of the miracles that were from this icon and in memory of his murdered uncles, the young tsar signed a Decree on the construction of a stone church over the graves of his uncles in honor of the Bogolyubskaya icon of the Most Holy Theotokos. The wooden Church of the Intercession was ordered to be dismantled and its altar moved to a new gate church in the monastery bell tower, which was planned at the same time. In the Bogolyubsky Cathedral, a copy of the miraculous icon was placed, brought by the tsar from the Bogolyubsky Monastery. The Bogolyubsky Cathedral of the monastery became the family burial place of the boyars Naryshkins, ancestors and relatives of Emperor Peter I.
The struggle of Peter I for power with his half-sister Sophia, who actually ruled the state for the young tsars, ended in his complete victory in 1689. This was preceded, however, by the flight of the 17-year-old tsar, informed of the impending assassination attempt on the archers, from Moscow to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, under the protection of St. Sergius. In memory of this salvation and in gratitude to St. Sergius, by decree of Peter I in 1690-93, on the border between the former territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery and the former estate of the Naryshkins, a refectory church was erected in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh, the prototype of which was the refectory built several years earlier temple in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. As a sign of the special closeness of the monastery and the crowned family, the cross of the main dome of the Sergius and Bogolyubsky churches was crowned with the sign of the royal crown.
Significant damage to the monastery was caused during Patriotic War 1812. In it, a thousand French cavalrymen stopped to wait. All the temples of the monastery were desecrated and plundered, although Archimandrite Ioanniky managed to take the sacristy and especially valuable relics to Yaroslavl. Marshal Mortier, appointed military governor of Moscow by Napoleon, set up his residence in the monastery. Here he spoke to death penalty Muscovites suspected of setting fire to the city. They were shot at the monastery walls from the side of Petrovsky Boulevard and were buried right there in the monastery, near the bell tower. At the same time, a slaughterhouse was set up in the monastery. However, at the same time, the owner of the slaughterhouse decided to provide some protection to the monks who remained in the monastery and allowed them to perform divine services in one of the temples. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, the temple could not accommodate all the worshipers. Here, as in some other churches of occupied Moscow, prayers were raised during divine services for the victory of Russian weapons.
On September 9 (22), 1918, the last meeting of the Conference of Bishops on the Rules of the Sacred Local Council of the Orthodox Russian Church took place in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. It was chaired by His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon. Saint Tikhon repeatedly performed services in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery during the patronal feasts of the temples of the monastery.
According to the Decree "On the separation of church from state and school from church" of January 20 (February 2), 1918, all church property was nationalized. The last temple on the territory of the monastery was closed in 1929.
And even when the monastery was officially closed in 1918, and all church property was nationalized, it continued to operate secretly here in the 1920s and 1930s. It was the largest monastic community in the USSR, whose life was built according to the monastic charter, where eldership flourished (taken over from Zosimova and Optina Pustina) and monastic tonsures were performed (and in order not to attract too much attention of the authorities, work in secular institutions was imputed to novices as a holy monastic obedience).
Rectors of theological academies were often appointed as abbots of the monastery. The monastery, despite its scarcity, provided its territory and buildings to needy church educational institutions: in 1786, ten students of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy found shelter here; from 1822 to 1834 - premises were provided for the Zaikonospassky district religious school;
From 1863 until the revolutionary events of 1917, the Society of Spiritual Enlightenment Lovers operated within the walls of the monastery, the diocesan library and the spiritual and censorship committee of the Russian Church were located. She made a feasible contribution to propaganda healthy lifestyle life among the population - a branch of the Varnavinsky sobriety society functioned within the walls of the monastery.
Several years after the revolution, the underground Moscow Theological Academy continued to operate under the monastery community.
Since 1991, parish life began to be restored in the churches of the monastery and divine services were performed.
October 10, 2009 by the decision of His Holiness the Patriarch and Holy Synod monastic life was revived in the monastery.
The main shrine of the monastery is the venerated icon with the holy relics of St. Peter of Moscow.
Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh
7 495 623 75 80
office, fax
7 495 236 94 24
accounting, personnel service, legal service
7 495 621 37 30
pilgrimage service
7 903 670 64 74
Foundation date:
recovery date:
Story
The time of foundation of the monastery is not known exactly, it was first mentioned in the Rogozhsky chronicler of the 15th century, in which Archimandrite John of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was named the first among those who accompanied Archimandrite Mityai (Michael) to Constantinople in the summer of 1379 for approval at the cathedra of the Metropolitan of All Russia. According to the monastic tradition, which is based on the story from the Book of Powerful Royal Genealogy, the monastery was founded by the Grand Duke John Kalita, the son of the Reverend Prince Daniel of Moscow.
In 1326, Tsar John, riding along the banks of the Neglina River, saw a high mountain covered with snow. Before his eyes, the snow melted, and then the mountain itself disappeared. Having told Metropolitan Peter about this, he received the following interpretation: “The high mountain is you, prince, and the snow is me, humble. I must leave this life before you." In memory of the miraculous vision, Prince John ordered the construction of the Peter and Paul Church on this site, around which a monastery with the same name soon grew up.
In a fire in 1493, the monastery burned out.
By decree of Grand Duke Vasily III, the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin began in 1514 the construction of a new stone church in the name of St. Peter the Metropolitan. On August 23, 1517, the cathedral was consecrated. At the same time, a wooden church was built in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. It was then that the monastery officially began to be called Vysoko-Petrovsky, although the name "Peter and Paul" was used until the 18th century. AT again Vysoko-Petrovskaya monastery was devastated in 1611 by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. In 1612, after the expulsion of the Poles, the monastery was restored and enclosed with a stone wall.
AT late XVII centuries, the monastery enjoyed special patronage of the closest royal relatives - the boyars Naryshkins. The territory of the monastery was almost doubled at the expense of the site on which the city estate of Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin, the grandfather of Tsar Peter I, was previously located, as well as at the expense of the patriarchal almshouses transferred to the monastery. During these years, extensive construction began in the monastery at the expense of the Naryshkins and, above all, the mother of Peter I, Natalya Kirillovna. Ivan and Afanasy Naryshkin, who were killed during the Streltsy uprising of 1682, and their sister Evdokia were buried here. Subsequently, Kirill Poluektovich himself and his wife Anna Leontievna were buried here. In 1690, the construction of the Bogolyubsky temple was completed in the monastery, which became the family burial vault of the Naryshkin family. In the years 1690-1694, Tsar Peter I built a refectory church in the monastery in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in gratitude for his salvation in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery during the plot against him by Princess Sophia. In the same years, the holy gates with the gate of the Intercession Church and a two-tiered bell tower (which became the architectural dominant of the area), as well as a long fraternal building that occupied the southwestern part of the monastery courtyard, appeared in the monastery. The Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was sometimes referred to as the "royal" or "sovereign's chapel". In 1764 the monastery was classified as a stavropegic one, and since 1775 it became a diocesan one.
Great damage was done to the monastery in 1812. After the capture of Moscow, “a thousand French cavalrymen” settled down in it, who robbed and smashed everything that the inhabitants of the monastery did not have time to take out. In search of jewelry, the richly decorated tombstones of the Naryshkin boyars were even opened. In the Bogolyubskaya church, the French pronounced death sentences on Muscovites suspected of setting fire to the city. The accused were shot right at the walls of the monastery, and buried near the bell tower.
In the following decades, the monastery was gradually restored and began to play important role in the spiritual life of Moscow. In 1822, the spiritual school was transferred from the Zaikonospassky Moscow monastery to Vysoko-Petrovsky. Later, the Moscow diocesan library was located in the monastery, and since 1863 it became the meeting place of the Society of Spiritual Enlightenment Lovers, the foundation of which was blessed by Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov) of Moscow. A special, educational obedience was strengthened behind the monastery. Most of Peter's abbots at that time were in one way or another connected with education.
With the October Revolution of 1917, hard times came for the monastery. Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery was officially closed in 1918. All residential buildings were requisitioned and transferred to the housing stock, but the temples continued to operate. Despite the closure, the monastery became one of the centers of the spiritual life of Moscow. In the autumn of 1923, one of the largest underground monastic communities arose here, headed by Bishop Bartholomew (Remov). He invited here to serve in the monastery churches part of the brethren of the Smolensk-Zosima Hermitage, which was closed at the beginning of that year. Petrovsky Monastery continued to be the center of the community until June 1929, when the last - Bogolyubsky - temple of the monastery was closed. With the blessing of Bishop Bartholomew and the confessors of the Petrovsky community, the so-called "monasteries in the world" were formed, which, under conditions of persecution against the Church, tried to preserve the ascetic tradition. With the defeat of the monastic community in 1935, the life of some of his spiritual families did not end. Secret monks, nuns and former parishioners continued to take care of the elders and clergy of the monastery, who lived in different places suburbs.
In 1959, the monastery was transferred to the Ministry of Culture and received the status of an architectural monument. Communal apartments and factories were evicted from the territory of the monastery, but a rehearsal area for a dance ensemble was opened, and a branch of the State Literary Museum was located, etc.
Since 1991, individual buildings of the monastery began to return to the Church. The rector's building housed the Department of Religious Education and Catechesis of the Moscow Patriarchate; Russian Orthodox Institute of the Holy Apostle John the Theologian. The monastery again became the spiritual and educational center of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1993, he was given the status of the Patriarchal Compound. In 2009, a decision was made to open this monastery with the status of a stauropegial for the resumption of monastic life in it.
On April 30, 2013, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia donated to the monastery a cross with a particle of the Cross of the Lord.
Today, Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery manages to combine the experience of prayerful monastic life with extensive missionary activity: the monastery has been becoming one of the most active participants in the traditional “City Day” for several years now, celebrating at the same time “St. Peter’s Day” and attracting many people of all ages with a variety of historical excursions, educational games for children and youth, concerts of choral and classical music near the monastery walls.
Since 2016, large-scale repair and restoration work has been carried out on the territory of the monastery, which began with archaeological excavations, which literally immediately discovered an extremely valuable complex of tombstones from the beginning of the 16th century and other finds that open new pages in the history of Moscow.
Shrines and holy springs
Temples and Worships
In the second Sophia and Resurrection chronicles under 1514, it says: “of the same spring, the noble and Christ-loving prince great Vasily Ivanovich of all Russia, with much desire and faith, commanded to lay and build stone and brick churches in Moscow: ... yes, behind the Neglimnaya church, St. Peter the Wonderworker, Metropolitan of all Russia ... and all those churches were the master Aleviz Fryazin ... "
This is a rather rare monument of architecture in terms of form and space-planning solution. The building is a pillar-like centric temple 23 meters high, built of red brick. The cathedral is one-story, two-tiered. The first tier represents an octaconch in plan (from the Greek octo - "eight" and konche - "funnel"), four large semicircles of which are oriented to the cardinal points. Above the octaconch rises an octagon covered with a tiled helmet-like roof.
The lower tier is also covered with tiles. The building was surrounded by a round gallery on arches without vaults; white-stone steps of low stairs led to the doors. In 1689-90, the Cathedral of Peter the Metropolitan was repaired and re-consecrated in the presence of Peter I. Simultaneously with this repair, a white-stone gallery-porch was built around the temple. On May 8, 1690, "the tsars and grand dukes John Alekseevich and Pyotr Alekseevich" were in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery at the celebration of the consecration of the church of Peter the Metropolitan, listened to the liturgy in it, and then Peter complained to his neighbors and treated himself in the cells of the archimandrite (Stroev P Moscow, Palace ranks, St. Petersburg, 1865, v. 4).
This event had deep political overtones. The Cathedral of Peter the Metropolitan is the first stone monastery church, which became a monument to the strengthening of Moscow statehood and the transformation of Moscow into the center of Orthodoxy. The cathedral also symbolized the victory of Peter I, who was crowned king together with Ivan. After the new Streltsy rebellion of 1689, Peter's flight to the Trinity Lavra, his subsequent victory over Sophia and her imprisonment in a monastery, the tsar considered it his duty "to thank his patron saint Peter the Metropolitan and thereby point out to his subjects on their legal rights to the throne. So the repair and solemn consecration of the Metropolitan Peter's Cathedral were more than significant ”(Zverinsky V. Materials for historical and topographic research Orthodox monasteries Russian Empire. SPb. 1892, p. 111).
The cathedral became a monument to the victory of Peter I in the struggle of palace factions for power. Already after the consecration, by 1691, work was completed on the iconostasis and the interior of the temple. The first mention of the new iconostasis dates back to 1687-1688: “...Klim Mikhailov and his comrades” were instructed to “make the iconostasis in the church of the supreme apostles Peter and Paul, which is at the Petrovsky Gates”.
In 1713-1714, the roof of the cathedral was replaced with a tin roof, the original narrow windows were hewn into rough wide square openings. In the years 1720-1736, the outer walls of the octaconch of the cathedral and the walls of the octagon were painted. In the second half of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century, the round porch of the Peter the Metropolitan Cathedral was gradually covered with earth. After the devastation caused by the French during the war of 1812, the cathedral was repaired and re-consecrated in 1813.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the previously gilded roof of the cathedral was crudely painted with oil paint. After the abolition of the monastery in 1919, the building of the cathedral was rented by OSOAVIAKHIM and by the end of the 1940s. finally fell into disrepair. The first stage of the restoration of the Cathedral of Peter the Metropolitan in 1954-1957. consisted in repairing the brickwork of the walls and repairing the iron roof. Full-scale restoration work to restore the temple was started by Boris Dedushenko in 1979 during the second stage of the restoration of the monastery.
Since 1979, the actual restoration of the monument began: the original window openings of 1514 were restored, the floor was cleared to the mark of the 16th century, and the tiled roof was restored.
Temple of St. Sergius of Radonezh
Sergius Church was built by 1694 on the site of the southern wooden building, which was dismantled for this purpose. At the same time, a large building of the Fraternal cells was built, which was connected to the Sergius Church by a massive passage on the arch.
All internal work in the St. Sergius Church and its iconostasis were completed by 1697. Like most of the other buildings of the monastery, it was made in the style of "Naryshkin baroque".
Initially, the Sergius Church was single-domed. This was traditional for refectory churches in Russia. However, in 1702-1705 the vault and domes of the St. Sergius Church were completely redone. The walls of the quadrangle were built on and a new vault was erected on them. A six-domed completion of this architectural monument was built on the vault.
The earliest surviving photograph of the church. This is what Sergius Church looked like in late XIX century:
In 1702, the roof and domes of the St. Sergius Church were carefully reconstructed.
In 1736, a major renovation was carried out in the monastery. In particular, the facades and upper parts of the St. Sergius Church were repaired.
In 1776-78, another major renovation was again carried out in the monastery. The facade of the St. Sergius Church was again repaired.
In 1808, the original gallery-porch of the Sergius Church was dismantled, which distorted the original appearance of the temple. Also, the overpass was dismantled, connecting the porch of the Sergius Church with the galleries of the Fraternal Corps, which destroyed the completion of the perspective of the northern courtyard.
In 1862-63, the Sergius Church was again repaired, the aisles were equipped and consecrated.
The last renovation of the church was made in 1911.
Since then and until the second half of the twentieth century, the church has never been repaired.
After the abolition of the monastery and the closure of the church in 1919, its premises were transferred to the Central Medical Library. Then MEMP (Moscow Electro-Mechanical Plant?) was located there.
In the 1930s, the domes with crosses were destroyed.
By 1950, it had fallen into disrepair and disrepair.
This is a view of the Sergius Church, presumably in the 1940s.
The following photo is believed to have been taken in the early 1950s. View from Petrovsky Lane to the Sergius Church and the Fraternal Cells (Naryshkin's chambers).
I'll update the date of this photo. The first restoration work began in 1952. They are not visible here yet. The Pobeda car, which can be seen below, began to be produced only after the war. Iosif Vissarionych examined the first test sample in 1944. True, a reinforced radiator appeared in 1955, and, it seems to me, it is he who is here. But here you can make a mistake, it is not visible very well. So the photo was taken in the late 1940s - early 1950s.
And here you can already see the restored gallery and in the background the St. Sergius Church in the process of restoration. View to the east. This is presumably the 1960s.
For comparison, in order to understand the titanic amount of work done by Boris Dedushenko to restore the gallery, which we see in the previous picture in a completely restored form, I will show one more photo, where the same gallery is before restoration. Its condition was not just dilapidated, but emergency:
This photo shows a view to the south-west, on the right is the Fraternal cells before restoration, on the left is Pahomievskaya Church.
In the 1980s The rehearsal room of the Beryozka dance group is located in the Sergius Church.
The temple was built in 1744-1750. at the expense of the relatives of Emperor Peter I along the Naryshkin line. It was on August 21 (August 8, according to the old style) that the young Tsar Peter Alekseevich and his mother Natalia Kirillovna escaped from the hands of the rebel archers in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
The Tolga baroque church was erected between the bell tower and the Fraternal building. The one-domed church on the basement with a western facade, on which there used to be an icon in the center, faces Petrovka Street. Presumably the church was built according to the project of the architect I.F. Michurin.
The temple was closed in 1924. The premises of the monastery, including the temples, were transferred to the jurisdiction of various public institutions and organizations where, due to misuse, buildings have begun to collapse.
AT modern times the temple of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church along with other buildings in a deplorable state. Today, divine services are performed in it, but the temple still needs restoration.
Of the shrines of the temple, only a revered list of the miraculous Tolga icon has been preserved. The icon was made in 1744 by the famous icon painter Ivan Andreev. Until now amazing beauty the image is in the storerooms of the State Historical Museum.
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The dedication of the temple of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery to the Tolgskaya Mother of God is a rarity for Moscow, since her veneration was associated with Yaroslavl from the very beginning. According to the descriptions, in 1314, during the reign of St. David Fedorovich Yaroslavsky, on the banks of the Tolga River, a tributary of the Volga, Bishop Trifon of Rostov, returning from the Belozersky Territory to Rostov the Great, had a vision. In a pillar of fire, the Mother of God appeared to him with the Eternal Child. At the site of the apparition, the bishop "started to cut the forest with his own hands and cleanse the place and prepare wood for the small church." Built in one day, otherwise ordinary, the temple was dedicated to the Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the temple, a newly appeared image was placed in it, and by the decision of St. Tryphon a lay monastery was founded here and the feast of the appearance of the icon was appointed - August 8.
Temple in honor of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God
The first wooden church in honor of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God was built on this site in 1382 by decree of the holy noble Grand Duke Dimitry Donskoy. At the beginning of the XVI century. A wooden temple in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was built on this site.
The stone Bogolyubsky Cathedral was built in 1684-1690s. in the style of the early "Naryshkin (Moscow) baroque" by decree of Peter I over the graves of his uncles Ivan and Afanasy Naryshkin, who were killed during the Streltsy rebellion of 1682. Later, the temple became the resting place for more than 20 representatives of the Naryshkin family, including the grandfather and grandmother of Peter I The necropolis of the monastery was located around the temple.
In 1812 the temple was desecrated by the French. Some of the tombstones of the Naryshkins were broken, the decoration was looted.
In 1924–1929, divine services in the temple were performed by the community of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, which existed in those years in secret from the authorities. In 1929 the temple was closed. During the atheist time, the tombstones were removed from the temple, the icons from the iconostasis were burned in the courtyard of the monastery, the domes and crosses were destroyed. The temple was defiled and rebuilt inside.
There are currently no services in the church. The temple requires restoration and research work.
Gate Church of the Intercession and Kazan Chapel
The holy gates of the monastery with a gate church in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos and an openwork two-tiered bell tower above it were erected by Tsar Peter I in 1690 (the first Intercession Church was located on the site of the Bogolyubsky Church, in connection with the construction of which it was dismantled). In the decree on the construction of this structure, he wrote: "In memory of the uncles who died because of him, Ivan and Athanasius Naryshkin." Therefore, the bell tower is two-tiered.
In 1924 the Intercession Church was closed.
In 1996, the gate church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was restored. Connected with the abbot's building, it is the home temple of the Abbot of the monastery.
In 1905, in the southern passage of the Holy Doors from the side of the street. Petrovka was consecrated chapel in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. At the beginning of 1923, the chapel was closed, reopened in 2001. The main shrine is the miraculous Kazan icon of the Most Holy Theotokos.
The Church of the Intercession rises above the Holy Gates leading to the monastery from Petrovka Street. Church of the Intercession is unique. It is unlikely that there will be another church where the throne, icons, lamps and even a chandelier are made of ... ceramic tiles. By blessing His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II, all the consecrated things and objects for the temple were made by the artist G.V. Kupriyanov.
There is no other temple in the world, the interior of which would be entirely made of ceramics.
The Crucifixion is especially noteworthy - its dimensions exactly correspond to the dimensions of the Cross on which the Savior was crucified. Traditionally, Christ is depicted with his eyes closed, but here his eyes are open. An attentive person may be surprised by one more detail: the folds on the palms of the Savior. They should be above the nails with which the hands of Christ are nailed, because the body hangs, it is attracted by the earth. Here, on the contrary: the folds are bent down, under the nails, that is, the body of the Savior, as it were, rises up, triumphing over death.
It is also surprising that the ceramic icon of the Royal Passion-Bearers appeared in the Intercession Church five years before the glorification of Tsar Nicholas II and his family, and the icon of the Blessed Matrona of Moscow three years before its glorification.
It becomes cozy and warm in the soul when you look at this fabulous beauty: at small images hung on the walls of the temple on lamps in the form of birds.
The interior of the temple is made in the style of majolica. Majolica (from Italian Maiolica - Mallorca) is a type of ceramics made from fired clay using painted glaze. In the technique of majolica, both decorative panels, platbands, tiles, etc., as well as dishes and even monumental sculptural images are made.
Unfortunately, in gate temple divine services are performed only on the feast of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos. At other times the temple is closed. However, you can visit the church by booking a tour in our monastery.
Worship in the monastery
Every day (except holidays)
To: Mon., Tues., Wed., Thu., Fri., Sat.
By: Sun, Holidays
Service
Sunday school at Vysoko-Petrovsky stauropegial monastery
Petrovsky Sunday School began its work in 2016 with the blessing of Hegumen Peter (Eremeev). The school is located on the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in the building of the Naryshkin Chambers of the 18th century.
Sunday School accepts children between the ages of 6 and 13 (possibly younger or older). Classes are held every Sunday. The academic year starts in mid-September. Sunday school teachers are professional teachers and priests. With their help, children get acquainted with Orthodox worship, study the Law of God, and learn about the most important Christian virtues. On lessons applied arts students are engaged in drawing and mosaic.
For Christmas and Easter, children, together with teachers and parents, prepare performances and learn chants. There are also regularly held joint pilgrimages and cultural and entertainment trips to Moscow museums. Classes at the monastery Sunday school are free of charge.
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Exhibition Secret Monastic Communities of Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. 1920-1950s
A unique exposition for the first time opens up to a wide audience inner world secret monastic communities of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, one of the spiritual centers of Moscow in the 1920s–1930s. Communities that have preserved the tradition of Russian monasticism in Moscow even after the closure and ruin of the monastery.
The opening of the exhibition took place on September 3, on the eve of the patronal feast of the monastery. The exposition was located in the Naryshkinsky chambers of the Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery.
In his welcoming speech, Father Viceroy also touched upon another very interesting topic, the dedication to the coming anniversary of the monastery. Father Peter demonstrated for the first time a postage stamp issued by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Publishing Center “Marka”, dedicated to the anniversary of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. The vicegerent presented commemorative stamps to those present at the opening of the exhibition. “Already this Saturday, immediately after the cancellation of the stamp, which will take place in this hall at 4 pm, each of you will have the opportunity to cancel this stamp with your own hands and thus replenish your collection of rare stamps,” said Abbot Peter.
After greeting the viceroy, Leonid Andreevich Belyaev, an archaeologist and architectural historian, who once worked on excavations of the church of St. Peter and the nearby monastery necropolis, addressed the audience. Leonid Andreevich noted the importance of creating museums, exhibitions, expositions dedicated to the history of monastic life at the monasteries. “This exposition will be a good start to the creation of a magnificent museum dedicated to the entire history of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, and hence our city and country,” the well-known scientist expressed hope.
The organizer of the exhibition, Aleksey Lvovich Beglov, Candidate of Historical Sciences, senior researcher at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, also addressed the audience. Alexey Lvovich described in detail the prerequisites for the emergence of such a phenomenon as a secret monastic community and the conditions for its emergence in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery.
The guests were offered a film dedicated to the theme of the exposition. The abbot of the monastery, hegumen Peter (Yeremeev), the organizer of the exhibition, Alexei Lvovich Beglov, took part in the filming of the film. The film also included a fragment of a recording of the story of schema-nun Ignatia (Puzik), who told about her personal path and about the secret Petrovsky monastic community.
After watching the film, the exhibition itself was presented to the guests. The exhibition features originals and photocopies. unique photos and documents (more than 70), as well as things from private and church collections.
The exposition consists of several sections. Alexey Lvovich opened the exposition with a brief story about the spiritual homeland of the Petrovsky fathers - St. ), one of the oldest inhabitants of the Zosima Hermitage, hegumen Mitrofan (Tikhonov; 1866 - not earlier than 1943), spiritual friends and "pillars" of the Petrine community, Archimandrites Nikita (Kurochkin; 1889–1937) and Zosima (Nilova; 1898–1939), a representative of the younger generation Monk Martyr Theodore (Bogoyavlensky; 1905–1943) and about the “last Zosima elder” Archimandrite Isidore (Skachkov, 1883–1959).
Four separate thematic stands tell about the inner spiritual life of the secret Petrine communities, about the principles of spiritual guidance on which the upbringing of monks was based, about the martyrdom of the mentors of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery and about their spiritual children - careful keepers of the memory of their mentors and witnesses of their feat. It is impossible to pass by the installation - the interior of the skete in the name of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign, which was founded in 1927 by Archimandrite Ignatius (Lebedev) at 3 Pechatnikov Lane, apartment 26 and which was the center of the innermost life of his secret monastic community.
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Youth Association "Petrovtsy" at the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery
The youth association at the Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery "Petrovtsy" was created in February 2016 with the blessing of hegumen Peter (Eremeev), the abbot of the monastery. Club members are young people from among the parishioners of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery and other Moscow churches.
As part of the work of the youth association, meetings are organized with the clergy, public and cultural figures, film screenings and discussions; pilgrimages to holy places are made.
"Petrovtsy" are actively engaged in volunteer activities - they regularly visit the palliative department of City Clinical Hospital No. 51, and also go to orphanages and shelters and help needy families and single people.
One of the projects of the youth association is a youth choir that takes part in divine services, performs at festive events and concerts. Every week, youth choir classes are held, where the singers master the liturgical chants.
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Pilgrimage Service at the Vysoko-Petrovsky Stauropegial Monastery
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Petrovsky Theological School
Petrovsky Theological School is a two-year theological course aimed at strengthening a solid understanding of the dogmas and canons of the Orthodox Church, the history of the Church, deep study Holy Scripture Old and New Testaments, acquaintance with Christian and non-Christian denominations. Students of the Petrovsky Theological School not only study theoretical aspects Orthodox faith, but also have the opportunity to touch the rich heritage of the Holy Fathers, whose works on the Church Sacraments, asceticism, and anthropology are also studied as part of the courses. In addition, the program of the Petrovsky Theological School provides for the study of Christian art as a visible embodiment of the liturgical life of the Church. For those wishing to improve their level of spoken English, optional classes are regularly held with experienced teachers.
Petrovsky Theological School was opened in 2014 with the blessing of Hegumen Peter (Eremeev).
Total 63 photos
In the first part of the story, we got acquainted with the history of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery and human destinies inextricably linked with it, Old Moscow and, in general, with interesting moments formation Russian statehood. In this, the second part of the post about the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, I will tell you more about the main architectural gems of the monastery - the Cathedral of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, the Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God, the Church of St. archaeological excavations on the territory of the monastery and its monastic necropolis.
The Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, being one of the oldest in Moscow, is much better preserved as an architectural monument than its few surviving brothers.Built in stone, mostly toend of the 17th century, like many othermonasteries, he suffered less than others from time . In particular, with The Cathedral of St. Peter requires a special conversation and attitude towards it, which will be the central theme of this second part of my story about the Peter's Monastery.
Now we have come to Petrovka from Strastnoy Boulevard. Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery occupies a fairly decent part of the street in this place. By the way, on the left, the former corner apartment building of the monastery is partially visible, to the right (the building white color) - Rector's building built in 1688, which is directly adjacent to gate church Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos with a two-tiered bell tower.
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This bell tower is a local architectural dominant and evokes involuntary enthusiastic feelings with its majestic beauty and, at the same time, a slight aspiration to the blue summer skies.
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The main gate of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. In the southern span of the gate (this is to the right of the central one), a chapel was built in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and Consecrated August 28, 1905.
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The central arched span is the passage to the territory of the monastery.
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The first thing we see in front of us is the refectory building of the Church of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God...
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And to the right of it is the chapel-tomb of the Naryshkins.
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The gate church was built in 1690-96 by decree of Peter I in memory of Ivan and Athanasius Naryshkin above the western gates of the monastery with a two-tiered bell tower above them.
Square in plan, covered with a closed vault church with triple columns at the corners. Windows with architraves in the form of columns, with torn pediments. The bell tower of two octagonal structures with arched openings is decorated with pilasters ending in phials on the roof, panels, topped with a small cupola.
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The altar was transferred to the church from a dismantled wooden church, on the site of which the Bogolyubskaya church was built. The church is a clergyman's cell, with a special passage that communicates with the residence of the abbot of the monastery.
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After the Patriotic War of 1812, the church was devastated, it was abolished and restored only in 1865. After October revolution in 1924 the church was again closed. It was re-consecrated with a small rank on the day of the tercentenary - October 14, 1998.
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The Cathedral of St. Peter (on the left - in the photo below) served sample, starting point for the wholeline of development of the temples of the centriccompositions in Moscow architecturelate 17th - early 18th centuries, whichlargely determined byus the appearance of the most peculiar"Naryshkin baroque".
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This type of tiered temple was already being developed in the 1680s, but it showed its artistic potential most vividly and fully in a series of miniature estate buildings of 1690. Suffice it to point out that M.A. Ilyin considered the Cathedral of Metropolitan Peter the starting point, which determined the architectural solution of the glorified.
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Art critics agree in a single opinion about a strong the impact of the forms of this Petrovsky Cathedralmonastery for the development of tiered temples,including tower-shapedcompositions, rotundas and otherbelonging to this series of centricstructures (in terms of round,multifaceted, fourfold,eight-petal and others).
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Initially, on the site of the cathedral there was a wooden church in the name of the apostles Peter and Paul. After the death and canonization of Metropolitan Peter, the church was re-consecrated in his honor in 1339. In 1514-1517 the wooden church was rebuilt in stone by the architect Aleviz Novy. Essentially a cathedral from the 1510s. stands on the remains of the necropolis XIV(very likely) and XV centuries.
The cathedral was built in the form of an octagonal tower crowned with a helmet-shaped dome, which rises above the eight-petalled lower tier. Sometimes erroneously classified as "an octagon on a quadruple". The cathedral is one of the most early examples pillar-shaped temples in Russian architecture. The cathedral is small, it corresponds to the low wooden buildings of the original ensemble of the monastery.
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The eight-petalled tier of the temple bears an octagon of light, covered with a vault and completed with a faceted helmet-like covering. The large “petals” of the lower tier are located along the cardinal points and, together with the smaller ones lying diagonally, are covered with conchs. Entrances to the cathedral are located in the northern, southern and western ones, windows are cut through in the rest. The decoration of the facades is simple and concise. The pilasters, accentuating the corners of the octagon, are completed with a belt of brick cornice, along the bottom of which there is an arcade. The rounded shapes of the lower tier are united by an entablature and a high plinth.
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In 1690, the cathedral was partially rebuilt by the Naryshkins in the Moscow baroque style. Narrow windows were hewn, the plane of the walls was decorated with picturesque architraves and elegant portals, pilasters and an arched belt under the eaves. In the 16th century, the cathedral was surrounded on three sides by porches.
Not earlier than the second quarter of the 17th century. to the western portal is attachedporch with a vault on four pillars.The site was pavedwhite stone slabs, earlierserved as tombstones, alternatingfootboards and headboards.The most important featureallowing to date the porchmore precisely, is a wideuse in the construction of suchtombstones (generally traditionalin the practice of the 16th - 18th centuries). Themused not only in the lining, but also in the foundation of the church.
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The church was consecrated in the presence of Tsars Peter and Ivan Alekseevich.
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As noted above, this place was previously a cemetery, possibly much earlier than the 15th century - here the first wooden church of the monastery was built on a low hillock. The cathedral was surrounded slabs of the earlynecropolis, and on three sides to the portalsled flat low openplatform porch.In this form, the cathedral, judging bystratigraphy, lasted until the XVIIcentury. He was gradually surroundedtombstones rapidly growingnecropolis, some of them were discovered during archaeologicalexcavations at this site.
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In 1689-90, the cathedral was renovated, a white-stone building was built open gallery- porch around the temple. The cathedral was re-consecrated in the presence of Peter I. In 1691, the iconostasis was completed by Klim Mikhailov. In 1713-1714. the narrow windows of the cathedral were expanded into wide square openings.
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In the 1920s, together with the monastery, the cathedral was closed. The iconostasis remained in it until the early 1940s. Until the 1980s, the cathedral was used as a warehouse for the Directorate of Art Funds of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR. In 1984, the cathedral was restored in the forms of architecture of the 16th century by the architect B.P. Dedushenko during the restoration of the monastery complex.
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In the 1990s, the cathedral was transferred to the Patriarchal Compound of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. A new iconostasis was created for the temple and fresco painting was done in accordance with modern ideas about the paintings of ancient Russian churches. On January 3, 1998, the church was consecrated.
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The Cathedral of Metropolitan Peter evokes in the soul some sad, sad feelings and, at the same time, surprisingly inspiring ... To exacerbate the context, let's just imagine that many great princes, tsars, their courtiers, Peter I himself, numerous Naryshkins prayed in this cathedral , and indeed, this church, by definition, attracted many parishioners as a royal prayer place. Peter's Cathedral in a concentrated form just reflects all their thoughts, feelings, secret desires, hidden quiet requests ... You seem to be immersed in the multi-layered feeling of involvement in everything that happened both here and in our country in general. The fates of the Russian rulers and Russia were intertwined in this place with the fates of the Russian people, including pure spiritual messages from above... An inexplicable feeling of desire to stand for a long time, admire these simple laconic forms of ancient Russian architecture, at the same time sublime, majestic and harmonious, embraces you completely... Cathedral " said", telling his difficult and difficult story, reflecting and sharing their deep age-old wisdom...
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At the time of filming, work was still ongoing to recreate the frescoes of the cathedral, it was not very convenient to shoot, but you can already get an idea of \u200b\u200bthem.
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Near the Cathedral of St. Peter is the Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God. He erected by order of Peter Iin 1684-1685 on the site of a wooden church in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos of the 16th century over the graves of those killed in 1682 during the Streltsy revolt of Ivan and Athanasius Naryshkin, uncle Peter. Upon completion of construction in 1684, Tsaritsa Natalya Kirillovna and young Peter brought here from the Bogolyubsky Monastery a copy of the ancient miraculous Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God.
36.
The cathedral served as the tomb of the Naryshkins until 1774. In the refectory part of the temple in the late 17th - early 18th centuries, 18 relatives of Tsar Peter I from the Naryshkin family were buried, including his grandfather Kirill Poluektovich and grandmother Anna Leontyevna from the Leontyev family. There were six rows of burials, eighteen monuments. Inscriptions were carved on tombstones and on tombstones. On each were images of saints named after the buried. The monuments were covered with expensive red cloth.
37.
At the end of the 18th century, near the southwestern walls of the temple, Moscow masons laid a tomb-chapel, where they transferred the ashes of three representatives from the Naryshkin family, including the grandfather of Peter I, Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin, who died in the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery. it a small stone building covered with a duct vault and crowned with a cupola. The walls are finished with smooth blades at the corners, crowned with a brick cornice. Above the dome is a white stone cross. AT All stone tombstones and the remains of the Naryshkin boyars were thrown out of the temple and tombs in Soviet times.
38.
The Cathedral of the Bogolyubskaya Mother of God is the second most important temple of the monastery. It is a traditional composition for the second half of the 17th century. Initially, the temple was surrounded on three sides by a low open gallery. In 1805, a part of the gallery was built up while the refectory was being enlarged. Other sections of the gallery disappeared along with the overgrown cultural layer.
39.
The decor of the facades is dominated by elements of traditional patterning: paired columns, a multi-profile crepe cornice, keeled kokoshniks framing the windows and at the base of the drums, which are decorated with an arched-columnar belt. However, the elongated proportions of the upper row of large rectangular windows, the uniformity in their design, are relatively new features. Inside, the space of the refectory is opened with three wide arches in a quadrangle, which gives the interior of the temple a vastness. In the southern apse of the temple, a mezzanine was made, where the sacristy was located, into which an internal staircase led. The arch that connected the diakonnik located under the sacristy with the central apse was laid later.
40.
During its existence, the cathedral almost did not undergo alterations, however, it was badly damaged during the capture of Moscow by Napoleon and after the October Revolution of 1917. Napoleonic soldiers smashed the white-stone tombstones of the Naryshkins, trying to find gold and other valuables inside them ... In the Bogolyubskaya church, the Napoleonic marshal Mortier, who served as governor of Moscow, pronounced death sentences on Muscovites accused of arson.
The unique iconostasis, made by Klim Mikhailov in 1687, with the icons of the masters Spiridon Grigoriev, Fyodor Zubov, Tikhon Filatiev and Mikhail Milyutin, was preserved until the cathedral was closed in 1929. After the revolution, the icons were broken out of the iconostasis and, according to the testimony of the Soviet sculptor Soslanbek Tavasiev, they were burned.
41.
In 1929, the cathedral was closed, the stone tombstones of the Naryshkins, as well as the dome and the cross, were destroyed in 1930 and restored only in 1982, along with the pommel cover, lost in the 18th century. Fragments of stucco molding of the 1740s and academic painting of the 18th-19th centuries remained inside the temple. AT this moment The interior of the cathedral is in need of restoration.On December 21, 2013, the first divine service since its closure in 1929 was held in the cathedral.
42.
Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh Built as a refectory church in 1690-1702 on the site of the southern wooden building of the monastery in the Naryshkin baroque style. Simultaneously with the church, the Fraternal cells were built, connected to it by an arched passage. Internal work and iconostasis completed in 1697. An image of the royal crown was placed above the central dome of the church.
43.
The temple was built by Peter I in honor of the founder and patron of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, where Peter himself escaped from archers during civil strife. The temple is essentially a reduced copy of the refectory church of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. It stands in the middle of the monastery complex, dividing its territory in two.
The church is a two-height three-apse quadrangle with a refectory adjoining from the west and a front porch, on the basement, with a promenade on the arcades. This type of composition is widely developed in the refectories of large monasteries. Initially, the church was single-domed, but in 1702-1705 the arch and domes were redone. The walls of the quadrangle were built on and a new vault with a five-domed completion was erected on them, the quadrangle was decorated with kokoshniks with shells.
44.
The main throne is St. Sergius of Radonezh. Above the locker of the high porch there used to be a balcony, intended for royal exits during solemn divine services or religious processions. White stone was abundantly used in the external decoration of the building, from which complex frames of windows and portals, shells in kokoshniks, the bases of the necks of domes and other details are laid out.
45.
In 1808, the porch gallery and the overpass connecting the porch of the church with the galleries of the Fraternal Corps were dismantled. In 1862-1863 the church was repaired, the chapels of St. Alexis of Moscow and St. Mitrofan of Voronezh were equipped and consecrated, which were not restored later.
46.
In 1919, the church was closed, and the premises were given to the Central Medical Library, and then to the plant. In the 1930s, the domes with crosses were destroyed and restored by B.P. Dedushenko in the 1960s. In the 1980s, the church housed a rehearsal room for the Beryozka dance group. In 1992, a small consecration by the Patriarch was held in the church.
47.
We are now in the refectory of the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh ...
48.
This is a small belfry next to the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh at its entrance to the gallery leading to the southern part of the monastery.
50.
This is how the Church of St. Sergius looks from the south economic courtyard. Its facade has been plastered for a long time, but has not been painted for many years, which is disappointing, since the temple looks very advantageous from this angle and the church actually “floats” above its ancient vaulted basement...
51.
Another notable building of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery is the Church of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God, which was built in honor of the salvation of Peter I during the Streltsy rebellion of 1689, initiated by Sophia (Miloslavskaya) in order to kill the young tsar.
52.
The church was founded on the day of the celebration in honor of this icon, since on August 8, according to the old style, Peter I escaped this day within the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra from this archery revolt. The church was built in 1744-1750 between the bell tower and the Fraternal building of the Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery.
53.
The church is single-domed, on a basement, rectangular in plan, without pillars, with a 5-sided baroque apse. The western façade, which used to have an icon in the center, faces Petrovka. The walls outside are decorated with double pilasters, the cupola is cut through with narrow windows and decorated with volutes.
54.
The project of the temple belongs, presumably, to I.F. Michurin or his student. The church was built at the expense of the state lady N. A. Naryshkina, a relative of Peter I on the maternal side. The Tolga Church was closed after the October Revolution in 1926. At first, communal apartments were located in it, then the Rosisopropaganda warehouse. Restored by B.P. Dedushenko. It was re-consecrated on October 10, 1999 with a small rank. We will look into it in the third part - the interior of the church is very unusual and surprising...
55.
We are now on the second level of the so-called Naryshkin chambers above the vaulted passage to the southern courtyard of the monastery. A few words about the church of Peter and Paul, which we see now from afar.
56.
In 1753-1755, the abbot of the monastery, Archimandrite Pachomius, built a church in the southwestern corner of the monastery courtyard in the name of the Monk Pachomius the Great, his heavenly patron. The basis for it was the white stone gates of the former estate of the Naryshkins.
57.
This is exactly the same southern economic courtyard of the monastery that was once the estate of the Naryshkins, or rather the grandfather of Peter I - Cyril Poluektovich Naryshkin. Photo - view to the north from the side of the Church of Peter and Paul. To the right behind the walls is Krapivensky Lane.
58.
59.
The brick Baroque Church of Peter and Paul is an octagon on a quadrangle, covered with a closed eight-channel vault with a decorative cupola and a protruding five-sided apse. The church is placed on an open grave, which unites the temple with the cells, and is decorated with pilasters, triangular pediments over the entrances, architraves with arched pediments, decorative blind niches and windows on the sides of the octagon with baroque frames. School architects D.V. Ukhtomsky.
60.
The temple was badly damaged during the Patriotic War of 1812 and until September 13, 1914 stood unconsecrated. The Church of the Apostles Peter and Paul is considered among the parishioners as an "unlucky" building. It has been closed for almost a century. By and large, these are the consequences of the destruction from the invasion of Napoleon's army.
The re-consecration of the church, at the request of the rector, Bishop Pavel of Olonetsky, was in the name of the holy chief apostles Peter and Paul. After the revolution, the temple was closed and given over to housing; in the 1980s, it was used as a locker room for restoration workers. To date, the Peter and Paul Church has not been restored, and is currently not used for worship.
