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Namaz is the daily sacrament of a Muslim turning to Allah through reading prayer texts five times. Prayers for namaz are divided into 5 temporary stages, each of which is mandatory.
In order to perform namaz, a devout Muslim must be spiritually prepared for the sacrament:
- perform the ritual of ablution - “takharet”;
- be sober (drugs and alcohol are prohibited the day before);
- choose a clean, quiet and well-lit place for prayer;
- Muslim clothes are selected to be clean, washed, and not lower than the ankles;
- Before resorting to sacred prayers, you must turn your face towards the Qibla (Kaaba) and read “niyat” - words indicating the intention to pray.
Prayers for namaz: types and their features
Before detailed description sacraments, let's look at several concepts known to every Muslim. The above-mentioned Kaaba (Qibla, Qibla) is the house of Allah. Rakaat (rakagat) is the order of words and physical actions in Muslim prayer.
Rakaats include:
- reading Sura - chapter of the Koran;
- reading Ayats (structural unit (verse) of the Koran);
- hand - bows from the waist, palms should reach the knees;
- sujud - deep (down to earth) bows; kiyam—kneeling; Taslim - greetings to those standing nearby.
According to legend, the prophet Moses dictated to Muhammad during a night journey the importance of five daily prayers (salats). Let's look at them in more detail:
- Salat assubh is a “morning prayer” performed between dawn and sunrise, which includes two rakats - fajr.
- Salat azzuhr is a ritual performed from the moment the sun is at its zenith - “midday prayer” containing four rakqats - zuhr.
- Salat Asr is an “afternoon (pre-evening) prayer” carried out immediately after Zuhr, also four-rakats.
- Salat Maghrib is a sunset (evening) prayer with three rakqat, performed in the interval after sunset until dark.
- Salat Isha is a four-rak night prayer, performed at the end of all previous salats.
Prayer "At Namaz"
“SUBHANAKA” SUBHAANAKA ALLAAHUMMA UA BI-HAMDIK, UA TABAAROKA-SMUK, UA TAGYAALAYA JADDUK, (UA JALLYA tKHANAAAA UK “read only in namaz janazah”) UA LAYAYAYA ILYAYAHA GOYRUK”
Rules for performing namaz
Muslims must perform all prayers on Arabic, as stated in the Koran. Therefore, every true Muslim studies the Koran throughout his childhood, and not just studies, but crams Holy Bible to perfection.
Each word or phrase corresponds to a specific action (bow, handshake, kneeling, etc.). Moreover, an incorrectly applied unnecessary action or deliberate use of the wrong speech patterns or sound distortion invalidates the prayer.
Muslim religions strictly restrict women's rights in Everyday life. These restrictions also apply to the reading of prayer. For example, it is not advisable for a woman to go to the mosque. She must pray at home, and during the ceremony she must be covered with an opaque blanket. It is forbidden for Muslim women to raise their arms high and spread their legs wide, and she must even pull in her stomach while bowing.
Daily muslim prayers designed to strengthen faith and impeccable worship of Allah. Brought up in the strictest religious traditions Muslims are very sensitive and strict about their beliefs and their faith; the Christian faith in this regard is inferior to Eastern religions.
For failure to perform prayer for unjustified reasons, the soul of every Muslim suffers a serious sin, which Allah immediately punishes. And a person has to pray to Allah in more serious ways than praying five times a day.
Video: Prayers for prayer
We Muslims must imitate the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in all our deeds. The hadith says: “Read the prayer the way you saw me read the prayer” those. our prayer should be similar to the prayer of Muhammad ﷺ. In this article we want to tell you which surahs need to be read so that our prayer is in accordance with the sunnah.
Surahs that are desirable for morning prayer (Fajr).
In Fajr prayer, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ sometimes read "al-Kaf", "at-Takvir", "al-Mueminun" and sometimes 12 verses of the sura "al-Baqarah" starting from verse 136 and verses of the sura "al-Imran" starting from verse 64, sometimes I read "at-Tur". On Friday in the first rak'ah morning prayer read the sura "al-Sajda" and in the second rak'ah "al-Insan".
Surahs are desirable for midday prayer (Zuhr).
During Zuhr prayer, Rasulullah ﷺ read the surah "al-Layl" And "al-A`la". Other hadiths say that Rasulullah ﷺ performed qiyam in Zuhr prayer for as long as it takes to read Surah As-Sazhda. Some hadiths say that he made qiyam equal to reading 30 verses.
Surahs recommended for afternoon prayer (`asr)
In 'Asr prayer, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ read the surah “al-Layl” And "al-A`la" . And sometimes I read the surah “al-Buruj” and sura “at-Tariq”. Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri (radiallahu 'anhu) says that Rasulullah ﷺ in the first two rak'ats of the 'Asr prayer made a qiyam equal to half the qiyam of the first two rak'ats of the Zuhr prayer.
Surahs are desirable for evening prayer (ma`rib).
In Maghrib prayer Rasulullah ﷺ sometimes read a surah “At-Tour” or “Al-Mursalat”, and sometimes in both rak’ahs he read the entire surah "al-A'raf" also read the surah “ad-Dukhan”,"al-Kafirun" And “al-Ikhlas”.
Surahs desirable for night prayer (`isha)
In prayer ‘Isha Rasulullah ﷺ sometimes read a sura “at-Tin”, and sometimes sura “al-Layl” and so he ordered to read the sura “ash-Shams” And “al-A‘la”.
Surahs that are desirable for Witr prayer.
Rasulullah ﷺ in the first rak'at of Witr prayer he read the surah “al-A‘la”, in the second rak'at - "Al-Kafirun", and in the third rak’at he read the surah “Al-Ikhlyas”. Other Ihadiths say that sometimes nine suras were read in three rak’ahs, i.e. in each rak'at I read three suras and the last of them was sura “al-Ikhlas”.
Surahs are desirable for Friday prayer (jum'a).
In the first rak'at of the Jum'ah prayer, Rasulullah ﷺ read the surah "al-Jum'a", in the second rak’ah I read "al-Munafiqun" sometimes I read “al-A‘la” And "al-Gashiya"
Surahs that are desirable for holiday prayers (‘id).
In the 'id prayers, Rasulullah ﷺ read the same surahs that he read in the jum'a prayer. And if ‘Eid came on the day of Juma’a, then in both prayers I read the same surahs. And also he sometimes read the sura “al-Kaf” And “al-Qamar”
Note
Long suras should be read when there is time to quietly read the prayer. If during travel or other important needs, instead of large surahs, you can read small ones, and this is proven by the practice of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The hadiths say that Rasulullah ﷺ read the surah in the first rak'at of the morning prayer “al-Kafirun”, and in the second rak’ah I read “al-Ikhlas”. Sometimes I read a surah in both rak'ahs “al-Zilzal”. Once, while traveling, in the first rak'at of the morning prayer, I read a surah “al-Falaq”, and in the second rak’ah I read the surah “an-Nas”. In both rak'ats of the morning prayer and in the first two rak'ats of Maghrib and 'Isha, Rasulullah ﷺ read the Qur'an aloud, and he also read the Qur'an aloud in the Jum'a and both 'Id prayers. In all the rak'ats of the Zuhr and 'Asr prayers, and in the third rak'at of Maghrib and in the last two rak'ats of the 'Isha prayer, he read the Qur'an to himself. Rasulullah ﷺ read another sura after sura “al-Fatiha” only in the first two rak'ahs, and in the third or fourth rak'ah I read only the sura “al-Fatiha”. In the first rak'ah he read the Qur'an more than in the second. In rak'ahs, where the Koran is read even after al-Fatiha, one must read some sura or several verses. If the verses are small, then at least three verses must be read, and if the verse is large, then one, but it must be equal to three small ones. Since this is confirmed from the practice of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions.
And also for beginners who are just learning to pray, you should learn short suras, for example "al-Asr", "al-Kawthar", "al-Ikhlas" "al-Falyak" “an-Nas” and begin prayer. Since namaz is a very important worship, and every Muslim who has realized the importance of namaz is obliged to perform it.
I ask Allah to make the path to Islam easier, so that every believer in Allah learns prayer and receives the pleasure of the Almighty, is honored higher degrees Raya! Amine!
One of the obligatory pillars of Islam that every Muslim must perform is praying five times a day (salat) to Allah Almighty at the prescribed time of day. At the same time, in order to perform namaz, certain conditions must be met. How to perform namaz correctly and what should every Muslim know before performing it?
How to read namaz correctly - preparation
Before starting prayer, it is necessary to perform a small (wudu) ablution or, if necessary, a complete ablution (ghusl).
In addition to ablution, the following conditions must also be met:
- Vestment. For women, it is allowed to leave their feet, hands and face open. In this case, the head, including the hair, must be covered. Men's heads remain uncovered.
- The prayer should be performed towards the Kaaba (Mecca, Saudi Arabia).
- A specific time must be observed for a specific prayer.
- You need to express your intention to perform namaz (in the shower).
If all of the above points are fulfilled, then you can begin to perform namaz.
How to read namaz correctly. Five obligatory daily prayers: names and times
- Fajr - morning prayer. This salad is performed at dawn until full sunrise, when the sun completely crosses the horizon.
- Zuhr - midday prayer. You can pray a few minutes after the sun has passed its zenith. The period in which you need to pray ends with the beginning of the Asr prayer.
- Asr – pre-evening prayer. It starts approximately two hours before sunset and needs to be done before the sun begins to disappear below the horizon.
- Maghrib - evening prayer. Should be done evening prayer immediately after sunset, until the evening glow is still there.
- Isha – night prayer. With the onset of late evening, when it is already completely dark outside, you can perform isha prayer. His time spans the entire night until dawn.
How to read namaz correctly - rules
Let's look at performing prayer using the example of the morning Fajr prayer (consists of 2 ra'kaats). It is important that the person praying reads the prayer silently or in a whisper.
- Stand towards the Kaaba. Lower your arms along your body and you need to look at the floor, about a meter away from you. Don't close your eyes.
- Then the arms are bent at the elbow, open palms are raised from yourself to ear level, the takbir is pronounced: “Allahu Akbar!” (Allah is Great!). In this case, the fingers should be connected together. After pronouncing takbir, you cannot do any actions that could disrupt the prayer, because it will not be taken into account by the Almighty (laughing, talking, looking around, scratching something, and so on).
- Afterwards, the hands are connected on the stomach above the navel. In this case, the right hand is placed on the left, clasping it at the wrist. The first ra'kaat of prayer begins. Sana is read - praise to Allah:
“Subhanaka-llahumma wa-bi-hamdika wa-tabaraka-smuka wa-ta’ala jadduka wa jalla sana’uka wa-la ‘ilaha gairuk” (“Glorified are You, O Allah, with Your Purity! Let us begin with praising You. Blessed are You Your name. Great is Your Power. Mighty is Your Glory. There is no god but You."
- Then it is said: “A’uzu bi-l-lyakhi mina-sh-sheitani-r-rajim!” (“I resort to the protection of Allah from the cursed and rejected Shaitan!”).
- Next, you need to read Surah Al-Fatihah (“The Opener”).
Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim.
Al-hamdu li-llahi rabbi-l-alamin.
Ar-rahmani-r-rahim.
Maaliki yawmi-d-din.
Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in.
Ikhdina-s-siraata-l-mustakiim.
Siraata-l-lyaziina an'amta alaihim.
Gairi-l-magdubi aleikhim wa la-d-daaaalliin.
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds,
The Gracious, the Merciful,
Lord of the Day of Retribution!
You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.
Lead us on the straight path,
the path of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom wrath has fallen, and not those who are lost.
- After completing the opening sura, you need to say: “Amen!” and immediately another surah is read. This could be Surah “An-nas” (People), “Al-ikhlas” (Purification of Faith), “Al-falak” (Dawn) or any other by heart.
- After the second sura, the takbir “Allahu Akbar” is again pronounced with a raise of hands and a bow (hand) is made. At the same time, open palms are lowered to the knees, and the following is said: “Subhana rabbiyal-azim!” (Glory to the Greatest Lord!) – 3 times.
- Then, getting up, he says: “Sami’a-l-lahu liman hamidah!” (Allah hears those who praise Him!).
- When fully erect: “Rabbana wa-laka-l-hamd!” (Our Lord, all praise is only to You) and takbir: “Allahu Akbar!”
- After takbir, prostration (sujud) is made. It works as follows. Your knees begin to bend, then you need to stand on them, then lower your hands in front of you and touch your forehead and nose to the floor. Your hands should be clasped at ear level at this time. In this case, the feet remain on their toes. Pronounced: “Subhana rabbi-l-a’la!” (Glory to the Lord Almighty) – 3 times.
- Then takbir and, without getting up, sit on left leg, bending your foot underneath you with your toe inward, and straightening your right foot parallel to the floor. The palms are placed on the knees, the fingers are joined and the hands lie along the hips. Then, “Allahu Akbar” is said again and a second bow is made, repeating the phrase three times: “Subhana rabbiyal-a’la.”
- Next, takbir “Allahu Akbar” and you need to stand in reverse order. First, your arms and head come off the floor, and then you need to get up from your squat and straighten up. This is how the first ra'kaat ends.
- This is followed by a repetition of the first ra’kaat and at the end of the second bow, the takbir is pronounced and again you need to sit on your feet. At the same time, the index finger right hand needs to be straightened towards the Kaaba. The prayers “Tashahhud” and “Salyavat” are read. During these prayers, the straightened finger should move up and down without stopping.
“At-tahiyyatu li-llahi wa-s-salyawatu wa-t-tayyibat! As-salamu ‘alaika ayyuha-n-nabiyyu wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh! As-salamu 'alaina wa-'ala ibad-llahi-s-salihin! Ashkhadu ‘al-la ‘ilaha ila-llahu, wa-‘ashkhadu ‘anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa-rasuluh!’ (All greetings are to Allah, all prayers and righteous deeds. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings! Peace be upon us and all the righteous servants of Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and messenger.)
Salawat: “Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadiv-wa-‘ala ‘ali Muhammadin kama sallayta ‘ala Ibrahima wa-‘ala ‘ali Ibrahima, innaka hamidun-majid. Allahumma barik 'ala Muhammadiv-wa-'ala 'ali Muhammadin kama barakta 'ala Ibrahima wa-'ala 'ali Ibrahima, innaka hamidun-majid" (O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly , You are Glorious, Praiseworthy and Great. O Allah! Show Your generosity to Muhammad and his family, as You bestowed Your generosity on Ibrahim and his family. Verily, You are Glorious, Praiseworthy and Great).
- After salawat, you need to turn your head to the right and say: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah” (Peace and mercy of Allah be upon you), and then to the left and again: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah.”
- Fajr prayer is over. All other prayers, except Maghrib, consist of 4 ra’kaats. After the first two, when the tashahud is pronounced until “Ashhadu ‘al-la ‘ilahu illa-llahu ...”, the takbir “Allahu Akbar!” is said again, you need to get up and repeat two more ra’kaats. Maghrib consists of 3 ra'kaats.
Before you start praying, you need to become familiar with when you can’t perform namaz, what violates namaz, how to properly perform ablution, and much more. At first it may seem that everything is very difficult, but it is not! The most important thing is that after prayer you will feel inner peace and satisfaction! Peace and blessings of Allah be upon you!
Namaz, as is known,- one of the most important pillars of Islam. Through prayer, a servant of Allah worships his Lord through body and spirit.
In the Holy Book of Islam and the Noble Sunnah of the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.a.w.) there are many references to the importance of prayer for believers. Thus, in Surah “Spider” our Creator actually commands us to perform prayer:
“Read what is revealed to you from the Scripture and perform prayer. Indeed, prayer protects from abomination and reprehensible" (29:45)
The practice of Sunni Islam rests on four madhhabs, the presence of which marks the flexibility of the entire religious system. In this material we will tell you how prayer is read by men within the framework of these generally accepted theological and legal schools in Sunnism. Due to the fact that the Hanafi madhhab dominates among Russian-speaking Muslims, video material on the procedure for performing prayer according to this particular theological and legal school will be presented as an illustration.
Let us recall that the mandatory conditions for recognition of prayer as valid are: a person’s confession of Islam and his spiritual fullness, adulthood (from the point of view of Sharia), prayer at a strictly established time for it. (prayer schedule for Russian cities submitted), the presence of taharat, cleanliness of clothing and the place where namaz is performed, observance of the aura (so that private parts are not exposed during prostrations), turning to the Qibla (Kaaba), the person’s intention to read namaz.
Let us describe the step-by-step performance of prayer using a specific example with a video.
The order of reading the prayer
(using the morning example)
This prayer includes two rak'ahs of sunnat and farda. The believer must initially say out loud or silently to himself: intention(niyat) to perform morning prayer. It goes on to say takbir tahrim - "Allahu Akbar!"(“Allah is great!”). This type of takbir indicates the beginning of prayer. After it, a person is prohibited from uttering extraneous words and making movements not directly related to prayer. Otherwise, it will not be considered completed.
It is important to pay attention to how the hands are positioned during takbir tahrim. The Hanafi and Maliki madhhabs affirm the need at the sunnah level for men to raise their hands to the back of their heads and touch their earlobes with their thumbs, while in the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools this is not necessary. After this action it reads dua-sana:
“SubhanakAllahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmuka, wa taala jadduka, wa la ilaha gairuk”
Translation:“Glory and praise to you, Allah! Your name is pious, Your greatness is above all. And there is no one worthy of worship except You."
Note that within the Shafi'i madhhab used another dua-sana:
“Uadzhyakhtu wajhiya lil-lyaziya fataras-samauaati wal-ard, haniifam-muslima, wa ma ana min al-mushrikin, innas-salati wa nusuki, wa makhyaya, wa mamati lil-lyahi rabbil-'alamin, la sharika lyakh, wa bi zalikya umirtu wa ana minal-muslimin"
Translation:“I turn my face to Him who made the heavens and the earth. And I'm not a polytheist. Truly, my prayer and my good behavior, life and death belong only to Allah - the Lord of the worlds, Who has no partner. This is exactly what I was ordered to do, and I am one of the Muslims (who submitted to the Almighty Creator).”
At this moment, according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, men should place their hands below the navel. Thumb and the little finger of the right hand clasps the wrist of the left. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the hands should be above the navel, but below the chest. Malikis usually have their hands down. In the Hanbali madhhab there is no consensus on where exactly to place the hands - below or above the navel. The solution to this issue is left to the discretion of the most devout.
Rakaat No. 1. Standing - kyyam
Following the dua-sana, formulas are read "taauz":“Aguzu bil-Lyahi min ash-shaitan ir-rajim”(“I take refuge in Allah from [the filth] of the stoned devil”), basmalla:"Bismillayah ir-Rahmaan ir-Rahiim"(“In the name of Allah [I begin the business]”) and "Fatiha". Then any other surah or consecutive Quranic verses (at least three). An example of an additional Qur'anic text that can be chanted in the first rak'ah is Surah Kausar:
“Innaa agtainaa kyal-kyausar. Fasalli li-rabbikya wa-ankhar. Innaa shaa niyakya huwal-abetar" (108:1-3)
Translation of meaning (according to E. Kuliev):“We have given you Abundance (the river in Paradise, which is called al-Kawsar). Therefore perform prayer for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the sacrifice. Truly, your hater will himself be childless.”
The vertical position of the person praying when reading “Fatiha” and other parts of the Koranic text is called “kyyam” (standing).
Bow bow - hand’
Next, the believer makes a bow from the waist (ruku’ or rukug), rests his palms with fingers slightly apart on his kneecaps, as shown in the photo, trying to keep his back straight parallel to the floor, and says to himself three times: "SubhanaRabbial-Gaziym"(“Pure is my Great Lord”). Then you should get out of the “ruku” state vertical position with words: "SamigAllahu li-man hamida"(“Allah hears the one who pronounces praises”). Then the worshiper pronounces the formula to himself: "Rabbana lakal-hamde"(“O our Lord, to You be praise”). When exiting the waist bow, the person’s arms are lowered along the body.
Let us note that in the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs, before starting the bow, a person must raise his hands, as in the case of takbir tahrim among the Hanafis and Malikis. At the same time, for the latter, this is movement within prayers with even number rakat is uncharacteristic.
Prostration - Sujud
The next element of prayer is sajd (or sajdah) - prostration with the words tabir tahrim. Opinions in different madhhabs differed on how to perform this action. Most Muslim scholars different schools, relying on the sunnah of the Grace of the Worlds of Muhammad (s.g.w.), they stated that first the knees are lowered to the floor, then the hands and, finally, the head, which is located between the hands. In the Shafi'i madhhab, hands are placed at shoulder level. The fingertips must be kept not torn off the floor and directed towards Kyibla. There is no need to close your eyes in Sujud.
Sajda symbolizes the submission of the faithful to the will of the Almighty. Essentially this is main element namaz - a person lowers his most important and highest part of the body (head) to the very bottom (floor/ground). It is necessary that both the forehead and the tip of the nose touch the surface, and that the toes do not leave the floor. In this position the words are pronounced three times "Subhana Rabbial-Aglya"(“Pure is My Lord, Who is Above All”). The worshiper leaves the sujud with the takbir “Allahu Akbar.” At the same time, first he raises his head, then his arms and sits down on his left leg. In a sitting position, the hands are placed on the hips so that the fingers touch the knees. The believer remains in this position for several seconds, after which he again bows to the ground according to the algorithm described here.
Exit from sajda in odd rakats is carried out in such a way that first the worshiper lifts his face from the floor, then his hands. The person returns to a vertical position (with the words “Allahu Akbar”), similar to the qiyam of the first rak’ah. Thus, the second rak'ah of prayer begins.
Rakaat No. 2
In qiyam, Surah “Fatihah” is again read first, followed by any other sura or at least three successive verses. However, these must be different from the passages used in the first rak’ah. For example, let’s take Surah “Ikhlas”:
“Kul hu Allahu ahade. Allahu samade. Lam yalide wa lam yulade. Wa lam ya kul lahu kufuan ahade” (112:1-4)
Translation of meaning:“Say: “He is Allah the One, Allah the Self-sufficient. He did not beget and was not begotten, and there is none equal to Him.”
Tashahhud
In the second rak'ah, the Muslim makes bows and bows to the ground, similar to those performed in the first rak'ah. The only difference is that after Sujud, the worshiper remains in a sitting position - kuud (in this case, the right foot is positioned perpendicular to the floor, and its toes should be directed towards Qibla, while the left foot lies freely, pressing top part to the floor under the weight of the person praying) and says to himself dua tashahhud:
“At-tahiyatu lillahi was-salauatu uat-tayibat. As-salamu galaikya, ayukhan-nabiyu, wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu alaina wa ala gyybadillyahis-salihin. Ashkhadu alaya-ilayaha illallahu wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulyukh"
Translation:“Salutations to Allah, prayers and excellent expressions, peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings, peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger.”
A desirable action (mustahab) when sitting and reading tashahhud is considered to be raising the index finger of the right hand while reciting to oneself a fragment of the shahada about faith in the Almighty (“Ashkhadu alaya-ilayaha illallahu”). On the next sentence (“wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulukh”) you need to lower your finger and return the brush to its original state.
Salavat
Following tashahhud, if the prayer consists of two rak'ahs (for example, sunnat and fard in morning prayer, sunnat - in midday, evening and night prayers), salawat is read. This is actually a prayer for the Final Messenger of God (s.g.v.), consisting of two similar friends on other parts:
“Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa salayta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid. Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa barakta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid"
Translation:“O Allah, bless (mention with praise among the angels) Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Worthy of Praise. Glorious! O Allah, send blessings (continue to exalt) on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You did on Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious!”
At the end of the salavat it is read Ayah from Surah Bakara:
“Rabbanya attina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil akhirati hasanatan, wa kyina gazabannar” (2:201)
Translation of meaning:“Our Lord! Grant us goodness in this world and goodness in Last life and protect us from torment in the Fire.”
Salam
Following this, the worshiper, alternately turning his face left and right and looking at his shoulders, says salam:
“As-Salamu halaykum wa rahmatullah”
Translation: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah."
There are many opinions as to who exactly the greeting is addressed to. To summarize the different points of view, this action symbolizes the greeting that the believer pronounces to other worshipers, angels who record human deeds, and Muslim jinn.
At this point, the prayer, consisting of two rak'ahs, ends. After salam, the worshiper says the word three times "Astagfirullah"(“Forgive me, Lord”) And ends the prayer with dua:
“Allahumma antyas-salamu wa minkyas-salayam, tabaraktya ya-zal-jalyali wal-ikram”
Translation: “O Allah, You are peace, and from You alone comes peace. Give us a blessing."
The person praying pronounces these words with his hands raised at chest level. After that, he lowers his hands, running them over his face.
The reading of the prayer is clearly demonstrated in the video.
Important Features
The parts of prayer that are sunnat are performed in such a way that the believer says all the words to himself. In the fard part things are a little different. Takbir tahrim, the rest of the takbirs when performing ruku and sajdah, salam are pronounced out loud. At the same time, in the fards of morning, evening and night prayers in the first pair of rakats, “Al-Fatiha” and an additional surah (or verses) are also read loudly to the worshipers.
Namaz, consisting of 4 rak'ahs, is performed in almost the same way. The only difference is that in the 2nd rak'ah after tashahhud, the worshiper must stand on the 3rd rak'ah and perform it like the first, and the 4th like the second with salawat, salam and the final dua. It should be noted here that in four-rakah fard prayers, during standing (qiyam) in the 3rd and 4th rak'ahs after Fatiha, not a single short surah is read. Instead, the believer immediately bows from the waist.
A similar procedure for performing namaz is characteristic of all Sunni madhhabs.
Number of rak'ahs, names and times of all five prayers
Morning prayer (Fajr)- two rak'ahs of sunnat and two fard.
Time: from dawn to early sunrise. The hadith of the Final Messenger of God (s.g.w.) states that “if a person manages to perform the first rak’ah of the morning prayer (meaning its fard part) before sunrise, then his prayer is counted” (Bukhari). If the believer is late, then this prayer must be re-read half an hour after the sun rises.
Midday prayer (zuhr, oilya)- four rakats are sunnat, four farda and two sunnat.
Time: from the moment when the celestial body ceases to be at the zenith (zaval), and until the moment when the shadow of the object is larger than itself. There is disagreement in the theological community on the issue of the release of the time for midday prayer. Imam Agzam Abu Hanifa believed that this moment occurs when the shadow of an object is twice its length. However, other Hanafis, as well as representatives of the other three madhhabs, insisted on the position that the time for the Zuhr prayer expires as soon as the shadow becomes larger than the object.
Pre-evening prayer (Asr, Ikende)- four rakats of fard.
Time: from the moment when the shadow of an object is larger than itself, until sunset. There is a special formula for calculating the time of pre-evening prayer, thanks to which you can determine approximately when you should start praying. To do this, you need to know exactly when the celestial body leaves its zenith and at what time sunset occurs. This period is divided into 7 parts, of which 4 are allocated for the time of Zuhr prayer, and 3 for Asr prayer.
Evening prayer (Maghrib, Akhsham)- three rakats of fard and two sunnat.
Time: after sunset and before the evening dawn disappears.
The prayer, which consists of three rak'ahs, is performed in such a way that after the tashahhud of the second rak'ah, the believer rises to the third. Within its framework, he silently recites Surah “Fatiha” and bows from the waist. This is followed by a way out of this situation, bowing to the ground and sitting (kuud), within which the believer reads tashahhud, salavat, a verse from Surah Bakara, says greeting (salaam) and completes the prayer.
Night prayer (isha, yastu)- 4 rakats of fard and two sunnat.
Time: from the disappearance of the evening dawn to the beginning of the morning dawn.
Times when it is forbidden to pray
In one of his hadiths, the Mercy of the Worlds, Muhammad (s.g.w.), forbade the reading of prayer (salat):
1) when the sun rises until it rises, i.e. approximately 30 minutes after sunrise;
2) when the celestial body is at its zenith;
3) when the sun sets.
(A hadith with a similar meaning is cited by Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasai, Ibn Majah).
Let us note that the sunnat parts of the five obligatory prayers mentioned above belong to the sunnah-muakkadah. These are the voluntary actions that the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) never missed. However, there is a subtype of sunnah that the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.w.) could sometimes miss. In fiqh, such actions are called “sunna ghair muakkada”. Let us list the cases when this sunnah occurs in relation to prayer:
1. Four rak'ahs before, that is, before the fard part of the prayer.
2. Two rakats after the midday (zuhr) prayer, that is, after two rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.
3. Two rakats after the night prayer (isha), that is, after two rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.
4. Two rak'ahs after Friday prayer, that is, after the last four rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of juma prayer.
May your prayer be accepted by Allah!
