Successful entrepreneurial activity, especially in the manufacturing sectors of the real sector of the economy, is directly related to the accuracy of fulfillment of contractual obligations. Their implementation is influenced by many internal and external factors and conditions. In this case, a well-developed repair plan and Maintenance equipment.

The model of cause-and-effect relationships affecting the fulfillment of contractual obligations is presented in Fig. 1.

Rice. 1. Cause-and-effect relationships in case of violation of contractual obligations

As can be seen from the presented diagram, a malfunction and/or emergency failure of equipment causes defects and additional costs associated with its elimination, downtime of the work process, and the need for unscheduled repairs.

The repair service of the enterprise is called upon to prevent such developments, the tasks of which are:

• ensuring constant operational readiness of existing equipment;
• extending the overhaul life of equipment;
• reducing the cost of repairing machinery and equipment.

The functions of the repair service of the enterprise are as follows:

All these functions and related activities are aimed at ensuring the required level of equipment reliability under given operating conditions at minimum costs for its maintenance and repair.

An important component of organizing equipment repair is preparatory work— preparation of defective statements and specifications for repairs.

Note!

When planning repair and maintenance of equipment, it is necessary to use such a specific repair indicator as a “repair unit”, which characterizes the standard costs of labor and/or time for equipment repair. Accordingly, any equipment repair is assessed in repair units, and labor costs for carrying out preventive operations to maintain equipment in working condition are also assessed in repair units.

Equipment downtime during repair and maintenance work is affected by:

• complexity of the fault;
• repair method used;
• composition of the repair team engaged in repairs;
• technology used for repair work, etc.

Since on specific enterprise Since these conditions change quite rarely, when planning repair work it becomes possible to use pre-developed norms and standards.

Repair work is divided according to the level of complexity of its implementation (in Fig. 2 they are presented in ascending order).

Rice. 2. Types of repair work according to the level of complexity of their implementation

Major and medium repairs of equipment are regulated by established repair cycles, and the entire set of repair work performed constitutes a single preventive maintenance system(PPR).

Note!

The PPR system also establishes standards for work between overhauls. The scope of this work cannot be precisely regulated, therefore the number of repair workers at the enterprise is most often determined by service standards.

In addition to scheduled repair work, enterprises also carry out emergency repairs as needed. As the name suggests, such repairs are unscheduled and most often urgent, greatly affecting the rhythm and organization of the main production process. If possible, it is necessary to avoid, or rather, prevent the occurrence of emergency breakdowns and, accordingly, the need for such repairs.

When drawing up a repair plan, it is necessary to determine:

• types and timing of repairs, their duration, labor intensity and necessary support for each machine;
• the total volume of repair work by workshop and enterprise, with a monthly breakdown;
• the required number of repair workers, the complement of specialized repair teams and workers engaged in equipment maintenance, as well as the corresponding fund wages;
• quantity and cost of necessary materials with reference to the repair schedule;
• temporary fund for planned equipment downtime for repairs;
• cost of repair work.

The schedule of repair work is drawn up in the form of a Gantt chart (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Workshop equipment repair schedule

On each piece of equipment, a schedule and structure of the overhaul cycle are posted, which indicate the timing and type of repairs performed specifically for this particular piece of equipment. Naturally, the general and individual schedules must coincide.

For your information

As shown comparative analysis, it is often much more profitable for an enterprise to use repair services provided by third-party companies than to maintain its own repair service. However, in any case, the enterprise must have an employee responsible for analyzing the technical condition of the equipment, drawing up schedules for its repairs and for timely placing orders for repairs with the relevant contractors.

Developed plan for preventive maintenance in mandatory must be consistent with production plans, sales plans, as well as planned inventories finished products at the enterprise warehouse.

For tense planned tasks Maintenance and adjustment of equipment can be carried out in the evening and at night.

To ensure uniform workload of repair personnel throughout the year, the repair schedule is adjusted so that the volume of work in standard hours by month is approximately the same. To do this, part of the repair work from a month with a significant excess of the volume in standard hours is transferred to months with an underload of workers compared to the available monthly fund of time.

The time required for repair work can be reduced by using the nodal repair method. At the same time, the enterprise creates a stock of units ready for installation or repaired. If the corresponding unit fails, it is simply replaced with a similar repaired one, and the damaged unit is sent for repair.

When assessing and analyzing the work of the repair service, the following technical and economic indicators are used:

• planned and actual downtime of equipment for repairs per repair unit;
• turnover of spare parts fleet, equal to the ratio the cost of spent spare parts to the average balance in storerooms. This indicator should be as large as possible;
• planned standards for the stock of repair units, parts and accessories. Such a standard should ensure the implementation of scheduled and unscheduled repairs during the period of ordering and delivery of the relevant parts;
• the number of accidents, breakdowns and unscheduled repairs per unit of equipment, characterizing the effectiveness of the maintenance system.

Note!

There is a certain relationship between the given technical and economic indicators. Reducing the downtime of equipment for repairs per repair unit leads to an increase in the number of repair units of installed equipment per repair worker, since the same amount of repair work can be performed by fewer workers with a reduction in time. This helps reduce the cost of repairing one repair unit.

When performing repair work, it is desirable to create specialized repair areas, and in case of a large volume of similar work, specialized repair services, although it is also possible to use complex repair teams assigned either to the type of equipment being repaired or to certain production departments of the enterprise. In the latter case, the responsibility of repair workers for the condition of the equipment increases, but maximum labor productivity, minimal downtime and repair costs are not always ensured.

It is known that the operation of the machine and the duration of operation are affected by maintenance carried out on time and efficiently, as well as repairs. Back in the USSR, a system of PPR (scheduled preventive maintenance and repair) was introduced. It regulates the scope of the proposed work, the timing of its implementation, as a result of which the reasons for possible machine malfunctions are eliminated. Thus, scheduled preventive maintenance prolongs the life of machinery and improves its quality of operation.

Scheduled preventative repairs of machines and construction equipment

Operation of the mechanisms involves complex works, which constitute the PPR system, the purpose of which is to prevent breakdowns due to wear of parts. Special events that ensure the maintenance of each machine are necessarily planned in advance and their preparation is carried out.

While machines are in use, scheduled preventive maintenance is carried out either monthly or according to an approved plan. Maintenance carried out monthly is carried out within work shift, at its beginning or at its end. Maintenance carried out according to the plan is in accordance with the requirements of the mechanism manufacturer. There is also a distinction between maintenance carried out seasonally twice a year, when the machines are prepared for winter or summer period operation. During storage of machines or their transportation, scheduled preventative repairs are carried out in accordance with the documentation and requirements for compliance with operating rules.

Drivers or crew members can independently carry out daily repairs of the machine assigned to them. However, if their responsibilities do not include scheduled repairs, then the machine is sent for maintenance centrally to the scheduled maintenance departments, where specialists deal with it. Works on daily maintenance mechanisms are not planned, as they are mandatory. During the maintenance of construction and road vehicles, technical diagnostics, cleaning, lubrication, inspection, adjustment, and refueling are carried out.

Scheduled preventative repairs of electrical equipment

On large industrial enterprises current scheduled preventive maintenance is carried out by shop personnel. Only major repairs are a task that is carried out under the guidance of a skilled worker. Formed this way task force, headed by the shift supervisor, supervises electrical equipment in the workshops and is responsible for its minor scheduled repairs. At power plants, electrical department personnel inspect tunnels, canals and shafts. The work is progressing according to schedule. During inspection, defects found are recorded in a journal and eliminated when the opportunity arises.

Types of preventive maintenance

Being a system, scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment contains such types of maintenance, care and supervision of the repair and operation of mechanisms as:

• routine preventive maintenance of equipment
• scheduled checks and inspections
• scheduled repairs, medium and small
• major planned repairs

The repair cycle is the period passing between 2 which includes several inspections and smaller repairs. Minor repairs are called scheduled preventative repairs, during which the unit is completely disassembled. The average includes planned repairs, during which the mechanism is partially disassembled, and individual components undergo major repairs. During a major overhaul, components and parts that are heavily worn are replaced, the unit is completely disassembled, and the basic parts are repaired and adjusted.

In order to prevent breakdowns, it is necessary to follow the care instructions and operating rules of the equipment.

DEVELOPING A PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE (PPR)

In order to ensure reliable operation equipment and to prevent malfunctions and wear, enterprises periodically carry out scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment (PPR). It allows you to carry out a number of works aimed at restoring equipment and replacing parts, which ensures economical and continuous operation of the equipment.

The rotation and frequency of scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR) of equipment is determined by the purpose of the equipment, its design and repair features, dimensions and operating conditions.

Equipment is stopped for scheduled maintenance while it is still in working order. This (planned) principle of bringing equipment out for repairs allows necessary preparation to stopping equipment - both from specialists service center, and from the customer’s production personnel. Preparation for scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment consists of identifying equipment defects, selecting and ordering spare parts and parts that should be replaced during repairs.

Such preparation allows for the full scope of repair work to be carried out without disrupting the normal operation of the enterprise.

Competent implementation of PPR presupposes:

• · planning preventive maintenance of equipment;
• · preparation of equipment for scheduled maintenance;
• · carrying out scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment;
• · Carrying out activities related to scheduled preventative repairs and maintenance of equipment.

Scheduled equipment repairs include the following steps:

1. Between-repair phase of maintenance.

The between-repair stage of equipment maintenance is carried out mainly without stopping the operation of the equipment itself.

The between-repair stage of equipment maintenance consists of:

• · systematic cleaning of equipment;
• · systematic lubrication of equipment;
• systematic inspection of equipment;
• · systematic adjustment of equipment operation;
• · replacement of parts with a short service life;
• · elimination of minor faults and defects.

The maintenance period between repairs is prevention in other words. The maintenance period between repairs includes daily inspection and maintenance of equipment and must be properly organized in order to:

• · radically extend the period of operation of the equipment;
• · maintain excellent quality of work;
• · reduce and speed up costs associated with scheduled repairs.

The maintenance period between repairs consists of:

• · tracking the condition of the equipment;
• · implementation of rules of proper operation by workers;
• · daily cleaning and lubrication;
• · timely elimination of minor breakdowns and regulation of mechanisms.

The maintenance period between repairs is carried out without stopping the production process. This maintenance stage is carried out during breaks in equipment operation.

2. Current stage of scheduled maintenance.

The current stage of preventative maintenance is often carried out without opening the equipment, temporarily stopping the operation of the equipment. The current stage of scheduled preventive maintenance consists of eliminating breakdowns that appear during operation and consists of inspection, lubrication of parts, and cleaning of equipment.

The current stage of scheduled preventative maintenance precedes the capital one. At the current stage of preventive maintenance, important tests and measurements are carried out, leading to the identification of equipment defects on early stage their appearance. Having assembled the equipment at the current stage of scheduled maintenance, it is adjusted and tested.

Decree on the suitability of equipment for further work made by repairmen, based on comparison of test results at the current stage of scheduled maintenance with existing standards, the results of past tests. Testing of equipment that cannot be transported is carried out using electrical mobile laboratories.

In addition to scheduled preventive maintenance, work outside the plan is carried out to eliminate any defects in the operation of equipment. These works are carried out after the entire working life of the equipment has been exhausted. Also, to eliminate the consequences of accidents, emergency repairs are carried out, which require immediate shutdown of the equipment.

3. Middle stage scheduled preventive maintenance

The middle stage of preventive maintenance is intended for partial or full recovery spent equipment.

The middle stage of scheduled maintenance is to disassemble equipment components to inspect, clean parts and eliminate identified defects, change parts and assemblies that wear out quickly and that do not ensure proper use of the equipment until the next overhaul. The middle stage of scheduled maintenance is carried out no more than once a year.

The middle stage of scheduled preventative maintenance includes repairs in which normative and technical documentation establishes the cyclicity, volume and sequence of repair work, regardless of the technical condition in which the equipment is located.

The middle stage of preventive maintenance ensures that the operation of the equipment is maintained normally and there is little chance that the equipment will fail.

4. Major renovation

Overhaul of equipment is carried out by opening the equipment, checking the equipment with a meticulous inspection of the “internals”, testing, measurements, eliminating identified breakdowns, as a result of which the equipment is modernized. Major repairs ensure the restoration of the original technical characteristics equipment.

Major repairs of equipment are carried out only after the overhaul period. To implement it, the following steps are necessary:

• · drawing up work schedules;
• · carrying out preliminary inspection and verification;
• · preparation of documentation;
• · preparation of tools, spare parts;
• · implementation of fire prevention and safety measures.

Overhaul of equipment consists of:

• · replacement or restoration of worn parts;
• · modernization of any parts;
• · performing preventive measurements and checks;
• · Carrying out work to eliminate minor damage.

Defects that are discovered during equipment inspection are eliminated during subsequent major overhaul of the equipment. Breakdowns that are emergency in nature are eliminated immediately.

A specific type of equipment has its own frequency of scheduled preventive maintenance, which is regulated by the rules of technical operation.

Activities under the PPR system are reflected in the relevant documentation, with strict consideration of the availability of equipment, its condition and movement. The list of documents includes:

• · Technical passport for each mechanism or its duplicate.
• · Equipment registration card (appendix to the technical passport).
• · Annual cyclical equipment repair schedule.
• · Annual plan and estimate for equipment overhaul.
• · Monthly plan-report for equipment repairs.
• · Acceptance certificate for major repairs.
• · Shift magazine disruptions technological equipment.
• · Extract from the annual PPR schedule.

Based on the approved annual PPR schedule, a nomenclature plan is drawn up for major and current repairs, broken down by months and quarters. Before starting major or current repairs, it is necessary to clarify the date of equipment delivery for repairs.

Annual PPR schedule and tables of initial data are the basis for drawing up an annual budget plan, which is developed twice a year. Annual amount The estimate plan is divided into quarters and months depending on the period of major repairs in accordance with the PPR schedule for a given year.

Based on the report plan, the accounting department is provided with a report on the costs incurred for major repairs, and the manager is provided with a report on the implementation of the nomenclature repair plan according to the annual PPR schedule.

Currently, computer and microprocessor technology (installations, stands, devices for diagnostics and testing of electrical equipment) are increasingly used for scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR), which influence the prevention of equipment wear and reduction of equipment repair time, reduction of repair costs, as well as helps improve the operating efficiency of electrical equipment.

For repair of complex equipment (computers, power equipment) proprietary service is increasingly being used, which is carried out by special units of the manufacturer. Currently, processing enterprises operate a system of planned preventive maintenance of equipment (PSM), which is a progressive form of organizing repair work. PPR is a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at maintaining equipment in working condition and preventing its emergency decommissioning. Each machine, after working a certain number of hours, is stopped and subjected to preventive examination or repairs, the frequency of which is determined design features and operating conditions of the machines. The PPR system at RUE MZIV provides the following types services: 1.

Blanker.ru

Table 3.3 Works regulated by the Regulations on preventive maintenance for mechanical and electrothermal equipment Name of equipment Types of maintenance and repairs Frequency, months. Number of maintenance, repair and repair cycles during the service life until write-off Structure of the repair cycle Depreciation period, years Electric boilers, grills, braziers, autoclaves TO 1 100 5TO…TR- 10 TR 6 18 5TO-TR… to 60 1 …5TO-IP-K Electric stoves, cabinets, speed TO 1 100 5TO-TR… 10 water, food warmers TR 6 20 …5TO-TR Electric boilers TO 1 50 5TO-TR… 5 TR 6 8 …5TO-TR- k 30 1 5TO-TR-K Electric steamers TO 1 100 5TO-TR… 10 paratha TR 6 17 5TO-TR-K k 36 2 Potato peelers TO 1 80 5TO-TR…

PPR equipment system

In some industries, I happened to see how they remove an old unusable bearing and put another old bearing on the assembly; of course, such an attitude towards financing production will cause a corresponding return on production.

• The quality of repairs carried out by personnel; if carried out poorly, breakdowns will occur more often. In this case, it will be necessary to schedule repairs and maintenance of equipment more often.
• Quality of repair planning, qualification of equipment repair organizers. Organizers of equipment repairs in production include mechanics, and in large production lines even the entire chief mechanic department.

Drawing up a schedule for preventive maintenance of equipment

It consists of replacing individual worn parts, eliminating defects, performing lubrication and fastening operations, etc. Overhaul is a repair performed to restore the service life of a product with the replacement or restoration of any of its parts. Major and current repairs can be planned or unplanned.

Attention

Planned repairs are carried out according to schedule. Unscheduled repairs are carried out in order to eliminate the consequences of sudden failures and breakdowns. Retail store equipment in most cases it undergoes a planned overhaul. Planned overhaul is not provided for equipment that does not experience mechanical wear during operation (for example, thermal).

All of the above work is designed to maintain the performance of machines and devices until the next scheduled repair.
The preventive maintenance system includes the following types technical repair and maintenance: weekly maintenance, monthly routine repairs, annual scheduled maintenance. Annual scheduled maintenance is carried out in accordance with the annual equipment maintenance schedule. Drawing up a maintenance schedule An annual schedule of preventive maintenance, on the basis of which the need for repair personnel, materials, spare parts, and components is determined. It includes every unit subject to major and current repairs.
To draw up an annual schedule of preventive maintenance (PPR schedule), we will need standards for the frequency of equipment repairs.
Very often, such repairs are called equipment maintenance (scheduled preventive maintenance) or equipment maintenance (equipment maintenance).

• Major repairs.
Equipment maintenance, also known as scheduled preventive maintenance Today we will look at weekly equipment repairs (preventive maintenance or maintenance). It is called weekly symbolically; in fact, depending on the specifics of the equipment, repairs can be organized either more often, for example, several times a week (which is very rare), or much less frequently, for example, once every two weeks. Or maybe once a month (such repairs are much more common).

Sample schedule for process equipment in food production

Here you need to partially disassemble the mechanism, replace and restore worn parts. It is performed without removing the mechanism from the foundation. 5. Major repairs, consisting of replacing worn parts and assemblies, checking and adjusting machines and restoring them in accordance with technical specifications.

Carrying out a major overhaul involves complete disassembly of the equipment, removing it from the foundation if necessary. Inspections, current and major repairs are performed by special repair personnel with the assistance of maintenance staff. The basis for drawing up a maintenance plan is the standards and structure of the repair cycle.

The repair cycle is the operating time of the machine from the start of its commissioning until the first major overhaul. It depends on the durability of the parts and operating conditions of the equipment.
This data can be found in the manufacturer’s passport data, if the plant specifically regulates this, or use the “Maintenance and Repair System” reference book. There is some equipment available. All this equipment must be included in the maintenance schedule. Column 1 indicates the name of the equipment, as a rule, brief and understandable information about the equipment.
Column 2 - quantity of equipment. Column 3-4 - indicates service life standards between major repairs and current ones. (See Appendix 2) Columns 5-6 - labor intensity of one repair (see Table 2 Appendix 3) based on the list of defects. In columns 7-8 - the dates of the last major and current repairs are indicated (we conventionally assume the month of January of the current year) In columns 9-20, each of which corresponds to one month, symbol indicate the type of planned repair: K - capital, T - current.

Info

For efficient work equipment at RUE MZIV requires a clear organization of its material and technical maintenance. A large number of At the same time, organization of equipment repair is assigned. The essence of repair is to preserve and restore the functionality of equipment and mechanisms by replacing or restoring worn parts and adjusting mechanisms.

Important

Every year, more than 10-12% of equipment undergoes major repairs, 20-30% - medium and 90-100% - minor. The costs of repairs and maintenance of equipment account for more than 10% of the cost of production. Over the entire service life of the machine, the cost of repairing it is several times higher than its original cost.

The main task of the repair facility is to maintain equipment in technically sound condition, which ensures its uninterrupted operation.
Number of equipment units 7 2 Number of equipment repairs (inspections) in the structure of the repair cycle · capital 1 1 · average 1 2 · current 2 3 · inspections 20 48 Category of equipment repair complexity 1.5 1.22 Duration of equipment repairs, shifts · capital 1 30 · average 0.6 18 · current 0.2 8 · inspections 0.1 1 Duration of the repair cycle, months. 18 48 Labor intensity of repairs (inspections) · capital 35.0 35.0 · average 23.5 23.5 · current 6.1 6.1 · inspections 0.85 0.85 Between-repairs maintenance rate per worker per shift (per based on the “Regulations on the system of planned preventive maintenance of equipment): for wine bottling equipment - 100 and other technological equipment 150 conventional repair units. Annual working time fund for one worker is 1860 hours, the production rate fulfillment rate is 0.95, equipment shifts are 1, 5.
Equipment that does not meet at least one of the requirements established is considered faulty. operational documentation, standards (GOSTs), technical specifications (TU). Malfunctions include decreased productivity and efficiency of machines, loss of accuracy, deviations in technological processes(beyond permissible limits). The reliability of equipment is determined by reliability, durability, maintainability and storage.

Reliability is the ability of equipment to remain operational for a certain period of time, i.e., operation without failure for a given period of time. Durability reflects such a property of equipment as maintaining operability until major repairs or write-off. Maintainability is the adaptability of equipment to prevent, detect and eliminate failures and malfunctions.

PPR work project— this is organizational and technological documentation containing the technology and organization of preparatory and main types of construction and installation work at the construction site, quality control and acceptance requirements, final work, labor protection and safety measures in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents, as well as the standards of the Customer’s organization. Does not apply to either work or project documentation object, which are only the basis for the development of PPR. Prepared before the start of all construction and installation work.

PPR (abbreviation for work execution plan) is one of the executive documents required for the construction, reconstruction and overhaul of a facility. Its main purpose is to select a technology for construction, installation and/or repair work that allows for the most efficient use of material, logistics and labor resources with security general security. Without this document, it is impossible to properly organize and start the work process. With its help you can:

• reduce costs for materials and equipment;
• ensure the safety of work;
• reduce risks;
• ensure compliance with the deadlines for the construction or repair of the facility.

In 2019, when drawing up the PPR, it is necessary to take into account only the changes made to the scientific and technical documentation (Urban Planning Code, governing documents of the RD, codes of rules for joint ventures, building codes and rules of SNiP, state standards GOST, etc.). The requirements remain the same as in 2018, 2017 and previous years. Of course, it would be wrong to use ready-made standard documents distributed on the Internet, since in 2018 - 2019 many changes were made to the technical documentation and old ones were replaced. Every year a lot of documents are updated and it becomes difficult to undertake the development of a project for the production of work on our own.

The explanatory note is the main part and consists of the most important sections. It includes all the organizational sequence of work performed and provides links to technological maps by type of work performed. Engineering support construction taking into account the duration, composition of the working personnel, number of machines and mechanisms are given in the preparatory period.

In the annex to the PPR, work schedules are inserted that determine the technical and economic indicators of construction. Calendar schedule is drawn up in accordance with the contract for the performance of work on the facility without deviations, regardless of the duration specified in the construction organization project. Delivery schedules and requirements are divided by weeks, months or quarters depending on the construction period.

Who develops the project for the production of PPR works?

The development of projects for the production of PPR works is carried out by a general contracting organization, or upon request by a specialized organization. The development organization must have on its staff specialists with experience working on construction sites who know the technology of construction production. When using lifting structures, it is necessary to have industrial safety certification protocols for specialists. For development technical solutions accepted for PPR, the Customer often requires the developer to become a member of the SRO.

The General Contractor may stipulate in the contract with the Subcontractor the obligation to develop for him. In this case, based on the volumes performed by the Subcontractor, a decision is made to develop a work plan and/or separate technological maps for an already existing project for carrying out work on the site.

Who approves the PPR work project

The technical manager of the contracting organization (chief engineer, Technical Director, Deputy Director for Construction, etc.) performing this work. Thus, accepting all prescribed measures for execution.
The work project is submitted for approval in full finished form with all attachments and signatures. After signing, the organization’s seal is affixed and the project is submitted for approval to interested parties involved in construction (Customer’s Departments, Customer’s Construction Control, owners utility networks and etc.).

Who approves the project for carrying out PPR work?

The approval of the PPR is carried out by the Contractor in the following sequence:

• Customer services: department of capital construction of OKS, HSE, fire department, energy service, department of chief mechanic and other representatives depending on the structure of the company;
• OATI (for Moscow), GATI (for St. Petersburg) and similar organizations, taking into account the regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation in the territory of work;
• Owners of buildings and structures located near the designed facility;
• Organizations that own the crossed underground and above-ground communications (water supply, communication cables, gas pipeline, heating, etc.) at their intersection;
• Owners of the machines and mechanisms used;
• In some cases, also by representatives of Rostechnadzor.

To approve the work project, it includes a separate sheet with the following columns: position, full name, signature and comments. Based on signatures on title page the signature of the technical managers of the approving persons is affixed.

Who signs the work project

The signing of the PPR is carried out by specialists who have developed individual sections. The signatures of the developer, inspector and technical manager are placed on the table of contents in a frame. Technological maps are signed by the compilers: QC for welding by the chief welder or welding engineer, QC for quality control and input control materials - engineer construction control etc.

How to compose

You can draw up a PPR on your own by sifting through a bunch of regulatory documentation. But this takes a lot of time and effort from specialists. Its design can be entrusted to developers - specialized companies.
In order to begin compiling it, you must first study the MDS and then the composition of the future PPR will be clear. After you have studied it, you need to start studying the entire technical documentation for the work performed, for example, joint venture for concrete works, joint venture for the installation of building structures and take only the necessary information and include it in the document. Take standard projects it is possible as a basis, but now it is very difficult to find relevant ones containing new labor protection requirements and construction technologies. Everything standard has long been outdated.

Alteration

During the production process of construction and installation works, in most cases there is a need to make changes to the already developed design and construction work. This can be facilitated by: underground communications not indicated in the construction plan were discovered; the equipment that was supposed to be used is difficult to find and there are similar ones, but the technology needs to be changed (for example, a concrete pump cannot deliver to a certain height, it is necessary to supply concrete using a bucket to the floors); changes in the working draft, etc. Only the developer can make changes and in agreement with the persons who signed it. Those. After this, you must go through the approval procedure again.

Discussion of the article “Project for the production of PPR works in construction”:
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