The sound "r" is rightfully considered the most difficult in the Russian language. As a rule, children learn to pronounce it correctly last. For more fast learning a set of exercises called articulatory gymnastics will come in handy. Articulatory gymnastics for the sound "r" in most cases comes down to one single goal - warming up and strengthening the necessary muscles of the tongue for proper articulation. Such gymnastics can be done at home, if you know correct exercises and do them regularly.

Before any articulatory gymnastics, first of all, you should find out what the correct setting of the speech organs should be for the correct pronunciation of the desired sound.

To correctly pronounce the sound "r", you must correctly place the tongue. It must be raised to the sky. It is important to understand here that just raising the tongue to the sky is not enough, it must be positioned correctly. Its tip should rest against the alveoli, which are located behind the upper incisors, and the sides should be in contact with the molars of the upper jaw. In this case, the front of the tongue bends slightly. A jet of air passes through the entire tongue, causing its tip to vibrate. This sound is nothing but vibration.

Causes of problems with the pronunciation of "r"

Before starting gymnastics, it is important to indicate the reasons why people have difficulty pronouncing the sound “r”.

• The most common reason is that some people simply do not lift their tongue up. AT this case it is necessary to strengthen the tip of the tongue. This can be done with a regular handkerchief. Index and thumb wrapped in a scarf and then you can start massaging the tip by rubbing.

Biting also helps effectively. You should bite along the entire length, starting from the tip, and then squeeze it through your teeth to stretch the muscles. These exercises are an excellent warm-up before starting the articulation exercises for the "r" sound.

• One of the reasons some people can't growl is because of a frenulum problem. The frenulum is clearly visible when the tongue is sucked to the palate, as if they are trying to click. The lips in this position are as open as possible and take the form of a wide smile. When the mouth is closed, the bridle will not work. Very often, such people are advised to go to an orthodontist to trim the frenulum. This is not necessary, moreover, cutting the bridle is not recommended. The bridle can be stretched with various exercises.

What exercises can be used? You can click, while it is important that the mouth is wide open. This procedure is recommended to be performed as slowly as possible. There are other exercises that help stretch the frenulum, which will be described below.

• The "r" sound may not be pronounced correctly by some people due to malocclusion when the lower jaw prevails over the upper.

There are more serious reasons, because of which it is very difficult to put this sound. Therefore, it is better to consult a specialist for advice. Start complex articulatory gymnastics for the "p" sound is necessary after the cause of the problem has been identified.

Basic articulation exercises

"Nutlet" (or "candy")

In this exercise, the tongue acts as a nut or candy. It rests on the cheek and it is necessary, as it were, to push it out by hand, pressing on the cheek. This exercise strengthens the muscles and stimulates blood circulation.

"Ring"

The index and thumb must be folded in the form of a ring of small diameter and the tongue should be pushed into this ring. The narrower the ring, the more effective the exercise. After the exercise, the tongue must be relaxed by sticking it out of the mouth and hanging down.

"Bone"

Articulatory gymnastics for the sound "p" in this exercise is performed using a counting stick, which acts as a bone. It must be placed behind the upper incisors and pressed with the tongue. Mentally counting up to 10-20, the bone can be removed.

Next, you need to do the same, but this time, the bone is placed on the lower incisors. It is very important that when performing this exercise, the mouth is as open as possible. The longer the exercise is performed, the thicker the bone should be. Many people prefer to use a counting stick, switch to a pencil or pen.

"Harmonic"

The tongue rests on the sky, after which you need to close and open your mouth. To enhance the effect, you can move your jaw from side to side. (Exercise for the bridle).

It is necessary to open the mouth and put the tongue on the lower lip, giving it the shape of a cup. Many people have difficulty doing this procedure because they can't relax their tongue. It is enough just to spank his upper lip. To make it easier to understand exactly how to do this, put your tongue on your lower lip in the shape of a cup and say "five, five, five!" Then it is recommended to mentally count to ten and keep your tongue relaxed.

"Pour into a cup of water"

This exercise will help those people who cannot cup their tongue. Water is drawn into the syringe, after which it is necessary to drop a little water on the tongue and try to hold it.

Often, the cup shape will automatically be achieved. All of the above exercises are best performed in front of a mirror in order to better understand how well they work.

"Focus" (or "parachute")

Breath plays an important role in pronunciation. The problem with many people is that they just don't know how to blow their tongues. Many people inhale air through their nose and try to pronounce the sound "r" exhale air through the nose, which is the cause of incorrect pronunciation. What exercise will help solve this problem?

The exercise is very simple, but extremely effective. A small piece of cotton wool is placed on the tip of the nose, then the tongue must be folded in the shape of a cup in such a way that when exhaling, the cotton wool is blown off the nose.

Setting the sound "p" at home

Most correct position for staging the sound "r", is the prone position. Why the prone position? When a person lies on his back, all muscles, including the neck, are in a relaxed state. Therefore, raising the tongue to the sky in the supine position, it is easier to feel.

Staging is performed from the lingering sound "d", using a regular nipple. The nipple allows you to perform the exercise more comfortably and helps to eliminate pain that may occur.

Exercise "Start the engine"

On the forefinger the nipple is put on, the tongue is placed in the correct position, which was described earlier, the mouth is wide open and, when exhaling, while pronouncing the repeated sound “d”, we move the index finger over the tongue. The pronunciation of the sound "r" will occur automatically. The finger will create the necessary vibration. That's why this exercise is called "start the engine." Possible mistakes that can be made:

• Incorrect position of the lips;
• The tongue should fit snugly against the alveoli;
• The correct position should be carefully fixed so that the tongue does not dangle from side to side;
• You need to exhale with all your might.

Exercise "Rocket"

Open your mouth wide and fix the above correct position of the tongue. Then thumbs we press the edges and exhale sharply through the mouth.

After completing the above exercises. You can build on your success. Great solution, to consolidate gymnastics, there will be practice on songs. Choose songs that contain a large number of words oriented towards the "r" sound. You can also pronounce a number of words containing the letter "r".

The maximum effectiveness of all exercises is achieved by their systematic repetition. Articulation gymnastics for setting the sound "r" can be performed at home. However, you should not refuse the help of specialists who have the necessary experience and will help get rid of problems with the pronunciation of the sound "r" more effectively.

For the normal development of speech and a clear pronunciation of all sounds, it is necessary to monitor the state of the articulatory apparatus.

It includes the following organs: larynx, vocal folds, tongue, soft and hard palate (oropharynx), teeth of the upper and lower jaws (they form the bite), lips, nasopharynx ( top part pharynx, located behind the nasal cavity, communicating with it through the choanae and conditionally limited from the oral part of the pharynx by a plane in which the hard palate lies) and resonator cavities involved in the generation of sounds of speech and voice.

Much of the above needs to be controlled by medicine and examined by specialists as needed.

But as for the movements of the tongue, lips, they can be slightly adjusted with the help of constant exercises.

Here we will talk about them. Now consider maximum amount articulation exercises that you can do with your baby at home in front of a mirror.

TONGUE AND HOUSE

1. There lived a Tongue in his house. He woke up early in the morning, opened the window, looked at the weather, and then hid again in the house.

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth; strongly stick out the tongue and then hide it (do not close your mouth!). Repeat 3-4 times.

1. Then he looked to the left, looked to the right: are the children walking on the street?

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, stretch your tongue to the left corner of the mouth, then to the right. Repeat 6-8 times.

1. After that, the tongue looked down from the window: are there any puddles? And then up: is the sun shining?

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, lower your tongue down to your chin, then raise your tongue to your nose. Repeat 4-5 times. Make sure that the mouth is open all the time, and the lower lip does not help the tongue rise up.

HIPPO

Description of the exercise: open your mouth as wide as possible, hold it in this position until the count of five, then close your mouth. Repeat 3-4 times.

SMILE (the frog smiles)

Description of the exercise: smile, show closed teeth. Hold the lips in this position until the count of "five" (up to the count of "ten"), then return the lips to their original position. Repeat 3-4 times.

HOBOTOK (we collect some water with a trunk)

Description of exercise 1: stretch closed lips forward and hold in this position until the count of "five" (then until the count of "ten"), return to the starting position.

Description of exercise 2: stretch your lips forward with a tube and “dial” some water, slightly smacking your lips at the same time.

SNAKE

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth; stick the tongue out of the mouth, then hide. Repeat 3-4 times.

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth wide, click your tongue loudly and vigorously. Try to keep the lower jaw motionless and only the tongue “jumps”.

Hedgehog runs in a circle

Description of the exercise: make circular movements of the tongue between the lips and teeth, then in one direction, then in the other direction. The mouth is closed.

COMB

Description of the exercise: smile, bite your tongue with your teeth. “Drag” the tongue between the teeth back and forth, as if “combing” it.

BALLOON

Description of the exercise: inflate one cheek - blow off. Then inflate another one and blow it off. Inflate alternately 4-5 times.

WATCH

Description of the exercise: smile, open mouth. Stretch your tongue alternately to the left corner of the mouth, then to the right. Repeat 5-10 times.

SWING

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth wide, at the expense of "one" - lower the tip of the tongue by the lower teeth, at the expense of "two" - raise the tongue by the upper teeth. Repeat 4-5 times.

FOOTBALL

Description of the exercise: close your mouth, press the tip of the tongue with tension on one or the other cheek so that “balls” inflate under the cheek.

Description of the exercise: stretch your lips with a tube and blow on a cotton ball. Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth. Make sure your cheeks don't puff out.

TURKEY

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, raise your tongue to the upper lip and bend it up, move the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, saying: was-was-was ...

Knead the Dough (Punish the naughty tongue)

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, bite your tongue with your teeth - ta-ta-ta ...; slap your tongue with your lips - pya-pya-pya ...; bite your tongue with your teeth and pull it through your teeth with effort

pancake

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, put a wide tongue on your lower lip and hold it motionless at the expense of an adult up to five; then up to ten.

DELICIOUS JAM

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, lick the upper lip and then the lower lip in a circle with your tongue. Perform in one direction, and then in the other direction. Repeat 4-5 times.

Look carefully, have you licked off all the jam?

Oh, a little bit on the upper lip left! Let's lick this jam.

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth; without closing your mouth, lick your upper lip with your tongue; try not to support the tongue with the lower lip. Repeat 4-5 times.

CUP

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, stick out your tongue and pull it towards your nose. Try to keep the sides of the tongue bent in the form of a cup (so that the tea does not spill). Try not to support the tongue with the lower lip.

Hold the tongue in this position for a count of up to five, then up to ten. Repeat 3-4 times.

WE CLEAN YOUR TEETH

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, with the tip of your tongue strongly “clean” behind the lower teeth (left-right) at the expense of an adult (7-8 times). Then lift the tongue up and brush behind the upper teeth (the mouth is wide open). Repeat 8-10 times.

After Tongue brushed his teeth, he began to rinse his mouth. Let's help him!

Description of the exercise: close your mouth, imitate rinsing your mouth.

PUSKY IS ANGRY (SLIDE)

Let's show how the pussy got angry and arched its back.

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, rest the tip of the tongue on the lower teeth, bend the “back”, and press the lateral edges of the tongue to the upper molars. Hold the tongue in this position for a count of up to eight, then up to ten.

Kitty loved to have her back stroked. Then she stopped being angry and became kind. Let's pet the pussy.

Description of the exercise: tongue in the "angry pussy" position; press it with your upper teeth and “scratch” in the direction from the root of the tongue to the tip. Repeat 5-6 times.

SAIL

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth wide, lift the tip of your tongue and put it on the tubercles (alveoli) behind the upper teeth. Hold the tongue in this position for a count of up to eight; then up to ten. Lower the tongue and repeat the exercise 2-3 times.

PAINTER

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, lift your tongue up and run the tip of your tongue across the palate from the upper teeth to the throat and back. Perform slowly, counting to eight.

FUNGUS

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, "glue" (suck) the tongue to the palate. Make sure to keep your mouth wide open. If you can’t immediately “glue” the tongue to the palate, invite the child to slowly click the tongue. Let the baby feel how the tongue “sticks” to the palate.

HARMONIC

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth wide, “suck” your tongue to the palate (see the “Mushroom” exercise on p. 34). Without releasing the tongue, strongly lower the lower jaw, close the mouth and open it wide again, without changing the position of the tongue. Repeat 4-5 times.

WOODPECKER

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, raise your tongue up. With the tip of the tongue, with force, “hit” the tubercles (alveoli) behind the upper teeth and pronounce the sounds: “d-d-d ...”. Do 10-20 seconds first

slowly, then faster and faster. Make sure that only the tip of the tongue “works”, and the tongue itself does not jump.

1. Then the woodpecker began to knock differently: "D-dd, D-dd ..." (the highlighted sound is pronounced stronger). “Knock” and you do this with your tongue for 10-15 seconds.
2. And then like this: "dd-D, dd-D ...". Run 10-15 seconds.

KOMARICK

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth wide, lift your tongue up and rest it against the tubercles (alveoli). Try to pronounce "zzzz", but not abruptly, but lingeringly, for 10-15 seconds. Remember that the mosquito is evil, so press the bumps vigorously with your tongue.

MOTOR

Let's try to start the engine.

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth wide, raise your tongue up, forcefully hit the tubercles behind the upper teeth (alveoli) with the tip of the tongue and say: “melons-melons-melons ...” (slowly at first, then faster and faster). Repeat for 5-10 seconds.

And now let's start the engine like this: “MEN - melons, melons; DYN - melons, melons ... ”(the highlighted syllable must be pronounced stronger, emphasizing it). Repeat 4-5 times.

All these images are taken from Elena Kosinova's book "Gymnastics for the development of speech."

Separate images can be downloaded on the website, and the entire book can be purchased in the departments of educational literature or in online stores.

We all know that the letter "r" is quite difficult to pronounce. Many people in childhood cannot pronounce this letter correctly in words, and for some, nothing changes with age. Moms and dads resort to the services of professionals to correct diction in a child. But you can train your child at home. This article will serve as a small tutorial for you.

How to approach problem solving

The speech apparatus includes: larynx, vocal folds, oropharynx with soft and hard palate, tongue, lips, teeth, nasopharynx and respiratory organs.

Possible causes of a speech impediment

These may be deviations after trauma and birth defects. Many experts believe that the main reason is insufficient communication between adults and children. The little man must both hear our speech and see the movement of the muscles of our face. Do not allow stiffness and embarrassment of the child during classes. The lack of speech causes complexes in communication, which can affect academic performance. Clear diction facilitates easy adaptation in a new team. Let's pay attention to necessary exercises, in resolving this issue.

General concepts

Our goal is to deliver a quality speech. The organs of the nasopharynx and oral cavity of a person are involved in the process of sound formation. The correct setting of these organs in the complex gives a clear and clear sound. Going through the stages of this gymnastics, the baby learns to transform simple sounds into complex sound phrases. To achieve all of the above, we will help guidelines for the necessary lessons.

Where to begin

The kid needs to be interested, and to allocate a few minutes from his established schedule for the necessary training. The lesson is recommended to be colorful and interesting to present, so that the difference between the game and the lesson would not be noticeable. Before starting classes, do not overexcite the child's body. AT calm state the child is able to better focus on the tension of certain muscles. Plus, he will be more attentive and perform the task with high quality. At this stage, we have closely approached our main task.

Basic principles of training

It is important to create an environment in which the child will feel free. When conducting classes, it is necessary to take into account the temporary and power load, as well as the position of the student's body. In no case should you speed up the learning process, which can negatively affect both the quality of the sounds pronounced and the baby’s desire to study. Be careful, patient and persistent in training and then everything will work out.

Binding Rules

1. Training is carried out daily, with regular repetition, the body remembers the movements. Enough three times a day for 5 minutes.
2. We start training with the movement of the lips and cheeks. Next we go inside the mouth.
3. The required exercise is performed about five times. You should not overload the muscles and do more than three exercises per lesson, in order to avoid fatigue.
4. Unforgettably static exercises, to hold a muscle group in the desired position within fifteen seconds.
5. When planning classes, the teacher should first introduce simple exercises and associate them with the game. Then you can gradually complicate the tasks.
6. When fixing the material, it is necessary to introduce a new exercise. It should be only one - the first. The rest should be repeated as a reinforcement of previous workouts.
7. Gymnastics is performed while in a sitting position, while you need to monitor the correct posture.
8. Performing the exercise, the student must see the face of an adult and control his own. In this case, mirrors, both wall-mounted and portable desktops of small size, will help well.
9. AT educational process each movement must be correlated with any way, it is possible with the image on a postcard or drawing. In subsequent classes, the children will work visual and muscle memory.

Together - we are force

An adult and a child must work together to improve diction. This interaction can be seen in the following recommendations:

1. The teacher explains the task and enters the game with the child.
2. Then he shows the exercise to be repeated.
3. Then the kid repeats and works out the task on his own. An adult controls the correctness, consistency and smoothness of the movements performed.
4. The student may not immediately perform an articulatory gesture with high quality, and here he will need to be helped either with a spatula, or with a clean finger, or with a teaspoon.
5. The educational and methodological process must be approached creatively. For example, in order for the student to put his tongue in the right place in the process of pronunciation, spread this place with jam

There are a lot of examples of articulation exercises, but we are interested in the mobility of the tongue.

Setting the letter "r"

We will describe a complex of articulatory gymnastics, with the qualitative development of which, we will come to the correct pronunciation of the sound “p”. One of the exercises is a woodpecker, the complex of articulation gymnastics also includes exercises:

1. "Horse"

We strengthen the muscles of the tongue.

We make a bent spatula with the tongue, suck it to the palate and then sharply lower it, expanding the tongue and hitting the inside of the lower teeth. At the same time, you hear "tsok-tsok-tsok".

2. "Malyar"

We work out the mobility of the tongue.

Smile, open your mouth and raise your tongue to the tubercles of the upper teeth. Drive forward and backward across the palate. Imagine that you are painting the sky with a brush.

3. "Fungus"

We work out the static tension of the tongue.

Open your mouth and slowly click your tongue. Stop the tongue on the palate and stick to it. Hold the "fungus" longer, stretching the hyoid frenulum.

4. "Woodpecker"

We develop the ability to hold the tip of the tongue at the alveoli ( seat) upper teeth.

Open your mouth wide, lift the tip of the tongue up and hit the tubercles above the upper teeth with force, knock on them: “d-d-d”.

5. "Bee"

We learn to hold the crown of the tongue, vibrating it at the upper alveoli.

Open mouth. Raise the tip of the tongue to the alveoli of the upper teeth. Mentally draw an arrow from the base of the tongue to the exit from the mouth. Exhale strongly in the direction of this arrow, you get the sound "dz", which must be repeated, pressing the tongue to the tubercles - "dz-dz-dz". It is necessary to feel with the tip of the tongue a tickling from a strong jet of air. Feel the vibration of the tongue.

6. "Start the engine"

We set and develop the vibration of the language.

Open your mouth, raise the tip of the tongue to the alveoli (upper teeth). We exhale strongly and say “dz-dz-dz” at an accelerating pace. We insert a clean index finger into the mouth under the tongue and make oscillatory movements - we start the motor. The engine growls: “rrrr.” So we found the sound "r"!

The first "r" sound from your child's mouth will not be clearly audible. In the future, if the recommendations for conducting classes are strictly followed, this sound will become expressive and clear in pronunciation. Although, if the child has begun to pronounce the desired sound, it can be further developed not with the help of articulation exercises, but with the help of purposeful pronunciation of words that contain the desired sound.

This set of exercises for the woodpecker of articulation gymnastics is only a small part of all those exercises that should be practiced when certain speech defects are detected in a child. At the beginning of the course of these classes, the baby will experience tension not only in the muscles of the face, but also in the muscles of the whole body. Subsequently, over time, the tension will disappear, the movements of the speech organs will become natural and coordinated. The systematic occupation of children with parents, the high-quality organization of lessons with speech therapists is the key to early success in eliminating speech defects in children. Subsequently, the child, without any difficulty, learn and pronounce the words of a complex syllabic and sound structure.

To pronounce the sounds "R, R" you need hard work all muscles of the tongue. When pronouncing the sound “P”, the mouth is open, the tip of the tongue and its front part are widely spread and raised to the bases of the upper teeth, tense; the tip of the tongue does not adhere tightly to the upper alveoli and vibrates in the passing air stream. The exhaled stream of air passes through the middle of the tongue. The jet must be strong and directed.

The soft sound "Ph" differs from the hard one in that when it is articulated, the middle part of the back of the tongue rises to the hard palate, the tip of the tongue is slightly lower than when pronouncing the sound "P".

Articulation exercises

shoulder blade

Target: to develop the ability, by relaxing the muscles of the tongue, to keep it wide, flattened.

Open your mouth a little, calmly put your tongue on your lower lip and, slapping it with your lips, pronounce the sounds of pi-pi-py ... Then keep your wide tongue in a calm position with your mouth open, counting from 1 to 5-10.

Target: produce a smooth, long, continuous air stream running in the middle of the tongue. Smile, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if pronouncing the sound “Ф” for a long time, blow off the cotton wool to the opposite edge of the table. The lower lip should not stretch over the lower teeth. You can't puff out your cheeks. Make sure that you pronounce the sound “F”, and not the sound “X”, i.e. so that the air stream is narrow, not scattered.

Let's brush our teeth

Target: to develop the rise of the tongue up and the ability to speak the language.

Open your mouth and brush your upper teeth with the tip of your tongue. inside, making tongue movements from side to side, then from the tips of the teeth to the roots. Lips in a smile, upper and lower teeth are visible. Make sure that the tip of the tongue does not protrude, does not bend inward, but is located at the roots of the upper teeth. The lower jaw is motionless, only the tongue works.

Hammering nails

Target: to develop the rise of the tongue up, the mobility of its front part. Open your mouth, knock with the tip of your tongue at the base of the upper teeth counting from 1 to 10.

Make sure that the tip of the tongue does not protrude from behind the upper teeth.

Swing

Target:strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop the rise of the tongue, develop the mobility and flexibility of the tip of the tongue, the ability to control it. Mouth open, lips in a smile. The wide tongue rises behind the upper teeth, then falls behind the lower teeth. Make sure that the tongue does not narrow, the lips and jaw do not move, the teeth do not bite the tongue.

Painter

Target: work out the movements of the tongue up and its mobility. Smile, open your mouth and “stroke” the hard palate with the tip of your tongue, moving your tongue back and forth.

The lips and lower jaw are motionless. Make sure that the tip of the tongue reaches the inner surface of the upper teeth as it moves forward and does not protrude from the mouth.

Drummer

Target: strengthen the muscles of the tip of the tongue, develop a lift of the tongue up. Smile, open your mouth, tap with the tip of your tongue behind your upper teeth, repeatedly and clearly pronouncing the sound: D-D-D ... First, pronounce the sound “D” slowly, gradually speed up the pace. The mouth should be open all the time, lips in a smile, the lower jaw is motionless, only the tongue works. The tip of the tongue should not tuck. The sound "D" must be pronounced so that the exhaled air stream is felt.

delicious jam

Target: to develop the movement of the wide front of the tongue up. Slightly open your mouth and lick the upper lip with the wide front edge of the tongue, moving the tongue from top to bottom, but not from side to side. Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw does not help, it must be motionless. The language must be wide.

Focus

Target: to develop the rise of the tongue up, the ability to direct the air stream in the middle of the tongue. Smile, open your mouth, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the upper lip so that its lateral edges are pressed, and there is a groove in the middle of the tongue, and blow off the cotton wool placed on the tip of the nose. At the same time, the air should go in the middle of the tongue, then the fleece will fly up.

Make sure that the lower jaw is motionless. The lateral edges of the tongue should be pressed against the upper lip; a gap is formed in the middle through which the air stream passes.

Fungus

Target: stretch sublingual ligament. Suction the entire surface of the tongue to the sky and open the mouth wide. The tongue should be all pressed against the palate, and not with the tip of the tongue. The tongue does not leave the palate when the mouth opens.

Harmonic

Target: stretch the hyoid ligament. Suck the tongue with the entire surface to the sky, open - close the mouth. Do not lift your tongue from the palate when the mouth opens. The tongue is pressed against the palate with the entire surface, and not just the tip.

Flick the tip of your tongue

Target: strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop tongue lift, flexibility and mobility of the tip of the tongue, the ability to control the tip of the tongue. Mouth open, lips in a smile. Press the wide tip of the tongue against the tubercles behind the upper teeth and tear off with a click. At first, the exercise is performed at a slow pace, then faster. Make sure that the lips and lower jaw are motionless, only the tongue works.

horse

Target: strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop tongue lift. Mouth open, lips in a smile. Press a wide tongue against the palate (the tongue sticks) and tear off with a click. Make sure that the lips are in a smile, the lower jaw does not “plant” the tongue up.

Machine

Target: develop tongue lift, flexibility and mobility of the tip of the tongue. Mouth open, lips in a smile. With a tense tip of the tongue, knock on the tubercles behind the upper teeth, repeatedly and distinctly pronouncing sound t-t-t Slowly at first, then gradually pick up the pace. Make sure that the lips and lower jaw are motionless, the tip of the tongue does not tuck.

Turkey

Target: to develop the rise of the tongue up, the mobility of its front part. Open your mouth, put your tongue on your upper lip and make movements with the wide front edge of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, trying not to tear your tongue from your lip - as if stroking it. First, make slow movements, then speed up the pace and add a voice, you get bl-bl-bl ... (like a turkey chatters). Make sure that the tip of the tongue is wide and not narrowed. The tongue should lick the upper lip, and not be thrown forward.

Most domestic speech therapists agree that learning to pronounce the sound R correctly and fluently is one of the most difficult speech tasks for kids. Few of them cope with it on their own and on time. However, not only specialists, but also parents themselves can help them. With the help of elementary speech therapy exercises for sound production R.

Sound R: right or wrong

The R sound is one of the most complex sounds in the Russian language. To reproduce it, perfected movements of the speech apparatus, sufficient vibration and amplitude of the tongue, and other physiological “achievements” are required. It is not surprising that most children experience certain difficulties in forming the correct pronunciation of the R sound.

As a rule, there are not so many options for involuntary mangling of the R sound in the younger generation. The most common children's "bullying" of the sound R:

• The sound just skips, drops out. This is especially true for words where the R sound is between vowels: sa_ay(instead of a shed), ha_age(instead of a garage) ma_oz(instead of frost);
• Instead of the sound R, the sound L, S or Y is obtained: koowa(instead of a cow) Luke(instead of a hand) class(instead of paint), fish(instead of fish);
• The sound Р is pronounced recognizably, but it is not typical for the Russian language (bilingual children especially often “sin” with this). A child can pronounce the sound R not “firmly”, as is typical for our speech, but, for example, graze (as is customary in French), or vibrate excessively (which is typical for English).

How to check the pronunciation of the sound R in a child? First, ask the baby to “growl” - in other words, pronounce the sound R several times on its own, and not as part of any words. Then let the child repeat after you words like: crow, king, grass, order, etc. If the child fails to make a single sound R, then the first thing you have to practice is precisely this - to teach the baby to pronounce the sound R by itself. If the child “growls” “excellently”, but in words he pronounces the sound P incorrectly, then practice correct pronunciation follows primarily in syllables: ra-ro-ru-ri-ar-or-ir, etc.

Release the sound R "from under the bridle"

Because in the article we are talking specifically about the “home” exercises for setting the sound R in children, then the first thing it would not be superfluous to recall: even if you, full parental love and speech therapy enthusiasm, you decide to independently teach your baby to growl like a tiger cub and declare a rhymed story about a bitten Greek at family matinees without embarrassment, then you still need at least one, primary, consultation of a professional and experienced speech therapist.

The fact is that often the inability to correctly pronounce the sound P is due not so much to a poorly developed articulatory apparatus, immobility of the tongue and similar problems, but to the individual structure of the hyoid ligament - the so-called "bridle". And only a doctor can determine this nuance.

In most cases, the underdevelopment of the “bridle” (due to which the baby’s tongue simply does not reach the upper palate, which makes it difficult to pronounce a number of sounds, including the sound P) can be leveled through daily exercises and special massage. But sometimes there are cases when this ligament needs to be cut in order for the tongue to acquire the proper range of motion. It is this dilemma - to cut or not - that a speech therapist is able to resolve. Moms, dads, don't worry - modern doctors in most cases tend to stretch the "bridle" by performing special speech therapy exercises, including exercises for setting the sound R.

Other causes of incorrect pronunciation of the sound P

Inactive articulatory apparatus. NOTE: In this case, you should be engaged not so much in directly setting the sound R, but in ... grimacing! AT game form stimulate the baby to actively "move in the mouth" - let him stick out his tongue, twist it into a tube (children love it!), try to reach his nose or chin with his tongue, move his jaws, bare his teeth, stretch his lips in a smile "a la Cheshire Cat"and so on and so forth. All these funny pranks will quickly strengthen the facial muscles and develop the mobility of the speech organs.

Violation phonemic hearing. NOTE: As a rule, phonemic hearing disorders (when a child hears speech structures of adults, recognizes them and tries to reproduce them in his speech) manifests itself in the fact that a child aged four or more years, when speaking or reading, skips letters / sounds in words and confuses voiced and deaf, as well as soft and hard consonants (for example: love- lubof, nanny- nana, Door- tver, stool- daburedka etc.)

"Problems" in speech breathing. NOTE: Speech breathing is the basis of proper adequate sound production. The most common disorders of speech breathing are usually chronic runny nose, enlarged adenoids, some immune diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system. For the development of proper speech breathing, its own special gymnastics is used (where speech is combined with exercise), which is usually prescribed by a speech therapist, adjusting to individual characteristics child.

Science has proven that the ability to pronounce complex sounds - including the sound P - is determined not only by the developed articulatory apparatus and the characteristics of the speech that the child constantly hears, but also partly genetically.

If there are no serious physiological causes of a violation of diction in a child, then take recommendations from a speech therapist for speech gymnastics and start daily exercises.

Speech therapy exercises - it's time

It is worth seriously thinking about staging the sound R if the child has passed five years, and he has not learned to growl and purr “cleanly” and resoundingly by this moment. He still has swimmers in his aquarium lyby, fly into the sky shaiiki and give milk koyovy...

The first consultation with an experienced speech therapist will enrich you with knowledge of exactly what problems your baby has with the articulatory apparatus, and what specific exercises you should practice with him. But in addition to special gymnastics, there is also a more or less common set of exercises for all cases of setting the sound P, which you also have to perform daily with your baby. Get ready for the fact that you will spend an average of half an hour a day on this, and the whole saga of mastering pronunciation can stretch for a year and a half.

As a rule, the production of the sound R, as well as other sounds, is conditionally divided into three stages:

• first you must teach the child to confidently pronounce this sound in isolation, by itself;
• then you should master the confident pronunciation of sound in syllables and words;
• and only then train the sound in streaming speech, sentences and tongue twisters.

In everyday life, one can often observe the opposite picture: parents hang on the child, chattering tongue twisters and urging the baby to immediately repeat what was said. Alas, such tactics almost always lose - the child is frightened and generally refuses to train.

The key to success: patience and trrrrud all perRRRRetRRRut

Be patient and go from simple to complex. Fortunately or unfortunately, but the speech therapy task is fundamentally different, for example, from trying to teach someone to swim - if you can still learn to stay on the water and flounder with your limbs overnight, then it’s definitely not possible to pronounce sounds correctly. Since it is not so much the execution technique that plays a role here, but gradual development and strengthening of the articulatory apparatus.

Remember one simple rule: any activity, including speech therapy exercises, should bring pleasure and positive emotions to the child. How you achieve this is your problem, not the baby's. And only if your offspring will be happy to perform speech gymnastics (and keep in mind that it’s easy for you to roll your tongue and pronounce different sounds, and for a baby it’s always a huge amount of work, discomfort, and sometimes even certain pain), you will succeed.

Invent fun and amusing activities for the child with the sound / letter P, turn the daily speech exercises in funny game, and never (even as a joke!) tease the baby - and you yourself will not notice how the child will firmly "make friends" with all the sounds mother tongue. Even with something as insidious as the sound of R.

Warm-up exercises

Setting the sound R is a daily workout. Each of which begins with a warm-up and “warming up” of the articulatory apparatus. Most effective exercises for warm up:

Exercise "Paint brush". The kid should smile and open his mouth. Further, as if with a brush, he should “stroke” the upper palate with his tongue - from the upper teeth and as deep as possible towards the throat. Repeat the exercise 10-12 times.

Exercise "Pendulum". As in the first case - you need to smile, open your mouth. Slightly stick out the tongue forward and shake it from side to side - from the right corner of the mouth to the left and so on. About 10-20 times.

Exercise "Accordion". We smile again and open our mouth. Press the tongue to upper palate, as if we are going to pronounce a soft and long sound "n". Without changing the position of the tongue, open the mouth as wide as possible, then close, open and close. About 15-20 times.

"Brushing our teeth." Starting position - smile and open your mouth. With the tip of the tongue, we draw along the inner surface of the upper teeth from left to right, as if “sweeping” them. We do the exercise 10-15 times. Then, without changing starting position, alternately resting the tongue against each upper tooth from the inside, as if checking whether it is in place.

Exercise "Komarik". A very fun exercise! The baby should open his mouth, and push the tip of the tongue over the front teeth. In this position, try to pronounce the sound "zzz", then move the tongue back, this time resting it on the upper palate at the base of the teeth and say "zzz" again.

All these exercises perfectly develop the articulatory apparatus, strengthen the muscles and gradually stretch the "bridle". However, to work out exactly the sound “R”, special staging exercises are needed.

Exercises for setting the sound R

Among the most simple exercises suitable for independent daily speech gymnastics include the following:

• 1 The child opens his mouth, and presses the tip of the tongue to the base of the upper teeth, while rhythmically and quickly pronouncing the sound "ddd". After a couple of seconds, ask him, without stopping, to blow hard on the tip of his tongue (that is, try to pronounce "d-d-d" on a strong exhalation). The sound P will not work yet, but the baby should feel the tangible vibration of the tongue and gradually remember it.
• 2 For the next exercise, you will need a special speech therapy spatula (it can be purchased at specialized stores, pharmacies and online stores). Nowadays, they are made quite comfortable for the baby, often with the smell of caramel, chocolate or fruit. Use it very carefully, but confidently, without timidity. So: to begin with, ask the child, opening his mouth wider, pronounce the sound “zhzhzh”, gradually moving the tongue closer to the base of the upper teeth. Let him get used to a couple of seconds, and then carefully insert the spatula under the child's tongue and begin to rhythmically (but not strongly!) Shake it left and right, creating vibration. At this time, the child should blow strongly on his sound “zhzhzh” - this way he will feel the vibration created by the air and the vibrations of the spatula.
• 3 Ask the baby to open his mouth wide and at the same time pronounce the syllable "z-z-za", pushing the tongue as far back as possible. At this time, as in exercise 2, slip a spatula under his tongue and move it rhythmically to the right and left. If this speech therapy exercise is performed correctly, you should hear a fairly distinct “P” sound.
• 4 In the same way, ask the child to pronounce the sound "z-z-zi" open mouth, and do the same spatula manipulations as in the previous exercise. In this case, more than soft sound P, which is used in words like "rhyme", "rice", "drawing" ...

It is known that in his youth, Lenin was very complex because of his burr. And at one time the future leader of the world proletariat devoted great attention R-sound exercises. Since the articulation of the R sound is similar to the articulation of the D sound, he practiced on words in which D and R stand side by side. Often from Volodya's room one could hear a speech therapy "mantra": fight, firewood, tease ...

You are the teacher of the year!

Since children are great repeaters, at every opportunity, do not be lazy to show your baby how great and skillfully you yourself pronounce the sound R. In fact, it is you who is for your child - the most the best teacher and mentor.

Lean closer to him so that he not only hears you, but also sees the position of your lips, facial expressions. Most often, this is how, imitating "carbon copy", children learn to pronounce sounds. Be a patient (and at the same time funny, smiling!) Example for your child - and he will definitely master the correct pronunciation. And be patient - it can take from several days to several months to practice each exercise in setting the sound P.

As soon as you hear that the child is able to more or less successfully pronounce the sound R in the exercises, start practicing syllables like "ra-ri-ru-ro" or "ara-tra-ura-or-mur" - that is, all kinds of combinations sound Р and vowels (so that the sound Р itself stands both at the beginning of the syllable, and in the middle, and at the end). Then move on to individual in simple words, such as "fish-hand-Murzik-arch-ball-cow" and others (again - the sound P should be in different places words). And only when the child pronounces the words confidently and correctly, proceed to flowing speech.

Many parents perceive difficulties with the pronunciation of the R sound as serious problem. They connect a host of pediatricians and speech therapists to the "trouble", and the child begins to frighten with future difficulties in communication ... If you are a conscious and loving parent, stop this "hysteria" in the bud! Teach your child to deal with difficulties (including pronunciation) in a friendly, calm, and humorous way. And if you manage to turn speech therapy into an exciting game, you and your child will win in any case - either he will master the sound P, or learn to "fail" while remaining a confident person.