(after the disasters at Chernobyl and Fukushima) an accident in which in environment got about 100 tons of radioactive waste. An explosion followed, polluting a huge area.
Since then, the plant has experienced many abnormal situations, accompanied by emissions.
Siberian Chemical Plant, Seversk, Russia
atomic-energy.ruProving ground, city of Semipalatinsk (Semey), Kazakhstan
lifeisphoto.ru Western Mining and Chemical Combine, Mailuu-Suu town, Kyrgyzstan
facebook.com
Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Pripyat city, Ukraine
vilingstore.net Urta-Bulak gas field, Uzbekistan
Aikhal village, Russia
dnevniki.ykt.ru 50 kilometers east of the village of Aikhal, on August 24, 1978, within the framework of the Kraton-3 project, an underground explosion was made to study seismic activity. The capacity was 19 kilotons. As a result of these actions, a large radioactive release to the surface occurred. So large that the incident was acknowledged by the government. But there have been a lot of underground nuclear explosions in Yakutia. The increased background is typical for many places even now.
Udachninsky mining and processing plant, Udachny town, Russia
gelio.livejournal.com Within the framework of the "Crystal" project, on October 2, 1974, an overhead explosion with a capacity of 1.7 kilotons was made 2 kilometers from the town of Udachny. The goal was to create a dam for the Udachny mining and processing plant. Unfortunately, there was also a major blowout.
Canal Pechora - Kama, Krasnovishersk, Russia
100 kilometers north of the city Krasnovishersk in the Cherdynsky district of the Perm region On March 23, 1971, the Taiga project was carried out. Within its framework, three charges of 5 kilotons each were detonated for the construction of the Pechora-Kama canal. Since the explosion was superficial, an ejection occurred. Was infected large area, where, however, people live today.
Onshore Technical Base 569, Andreeva Bay, Russia
b-port.com Polygon "Globus-1", Galkino village, Russia
Here in 1971, another peaceful underground explosion was carried out under the Globus-1 project. Again for the purpose of seismic sounding. Due to poor-quality cementing of the wellbore to place the charge, substances were released into the atmosphere and into the Shachu River. This place is the officially recognized technogenic contamination zone closest to Moscow.
Mine "Yunkom", Donetsk city, Ukraine
frankensstein.livejournal.com Gas condensate field, Krestishche village, Ukraine
Here, another unsuccessful experiment was carried out on the use of a nuclear explosion for peaceful purposes. More precisely, to eliminate the gas leak from the field, which could not be stopped for a whole year. The explosion was accompanied by a release, a characteristic fungus and contamination of nearby areas. There are no official data on the radiation background at that time.
Totsk polygon, Buzuluk city, Russia
http://varandej.livejournal.com Once at this test site, an experiment called "Snowball" was carried out - the first test of the impact of the consequences of a nuclear explosion on people. During the exercise, the Tu-4 bomber dropped a nuclear bomb with a yield of 38 kilotons of TNT. Approximately three hours after the explosion, 45,000 troops were sent to the contaminated area. Only a few of them are alive. Whether the landfill is currently deactivated is unknown.
More detailed list radioactive sites can be found.
Map of areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident
Knowledge is power. Places not worth living next to. And ideally - not even appear nearby. :)
Nuclear power plants.
Balakovskaya (Balakovo, Saratov region).
Beloyarsk (Beloyarsk, Yekaterinburg region).
Bilibino NPP (Bilibino, Magadan Region).
Kalininskaya (Udomlya, Tver region).
Kola (Polyarnye Zori, Murmansk region).
Leningradskaya (Sosnovy Bor, St. Petersburg region).
Smolensk (Desnogorsk, Smolensk region).
Kursk (Kurchatov, Kursk region).
Novovoronezh (Novovoronezh, Voronezh region).
Sources:
http://ru.wikipedia.org
Unknown source
Highly Regime Cities of the Nuclear Weapon Complex.
Arzamas-16 (now the Kremlin, Nizhny Novgorod region). VNII experimental physics. Development and design of nuclear charges. Experimental and experimental plant "Communist". Electromechanical plant "Avangard" (serial production).
Zlatoust-36 ( Chelyabinsk region). Serial production of nuclear warheads (?) And ballistic missiles for submarines (SLBMs).
Krasnoyarsk-26 (now Zheleznogorsk). Underground mining and chemical plant. Reprocessing of irradiated fuel from nuclear power plants, production of weapons-grade plutonium. Three nuclear reactors.
Krasnoyarsk-45. Electromechanical plant. Uranium enrichment (?). Serial production of ballistic missiles for submarines (SLBM). Creation of spacecraft, mainly military and reconnaissance satellites.
Sverdlovsk-44. Serial assembly of nuclear weapons.
Sverdlovsk-45. Serial assembly of nuclear weapons.
Tomsk-7 (now Seversk). Siberian Chemical Combine. Uranium enrichment, weapons-grade plutonium production.
Chelyabinsk-65 (now Ozersk). PA "Mayak". Reprocessing of irradiated fuel from nuclear power plants and ship nuclear power plants, production of weapons-grade plutonium.
Chelyabinsk-70 (now Snezhinsk). VNII technical physics. Development and design of nuclear charges.
A testing ground for nuclear weapons.
Northern (1954-1992). From 27.02.1992 - Central training ground of the Russian Federation.
Research and educational atomic centers and institutions with research nuclear reactors.
Sosnovy Bor (St. Petersburg region). Training center of the Navy.
Dubna (Moscow region). Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.
Obninsk (Kaluga region). NPO Typhoon. Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE). Installations "Topaz-1", "Topaz-2". Training center of the Navy.
Moscow. Institute of Atomic Energy named after IV Kurchatova (thermonuclear complex AHGARA-5). Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI). Research and Production Association "Aileron". Research and Production Association "Energy". Institute of Physics Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT). Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics.
Protvino (Moscow region). Institute for High Energy Physics. Elementary particle accelerator.
Sverdlovsk Branch of the Research and Design Institute of Experimental Technologies. (40 km from Yekaterinburg).
Novosibirsk. Academgorodok of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Troitsk (Moscow region). Institute for Thermonuclear Research ("Tokomak" installations).
Dimitrovgrad (Ulyanovsk region). NII nuclear reactors them. V.I. Lenin.
Nizhniy Novgorod. Design Bureau for Nuclear Reactors.
St. Petersburg. Research and Production Association "Electrophysics". Radium Institute named after V.G. Khlopin. Research and Design Institute of Energy Technology. Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
Norilsk. Experimental nuclear reactor.
Podolsk. Research and Production Association "Luch".
Uranium deposits, enterprises for its extraction and primary processing.
Lermontov (Stavropol Territory). Uranium-molybdenum inclusions of volcanic rocks. Almaz software. Extraction and processing of ore.
Pervomaisky (Chita region). Zabaikalsk mining and processing plant.
Vikhorevka ( Irkutsk region). Extraction (?) Of uranium and thorium.
Aldan (Yakutia). Extraction of uranium, thorium and rare earth elements.
Slyudyanka (Irkutsk region). Deposit of uranium-containing and rare earth elements.
Krasnokamensk (Chita region). Uranium mine.
Borsk (Chita region). The worked out (?) Uranium mine is the so-called "gorge of death", where the ore was mined by the prisoners of Stalin's legions.
Lovozero (Murmansk region). Uranium and thorium minerals.
Region of Lake Onega. Uranium and vanadium minerals.
Vishnevogorsk, Novogorny (Central Urals). Uranium mineralization.
Uranium metallurgy.
Elektrostal (Moscow region). PA "Machine-building plant".
Novosibirsk. PO "Plant of Chemical Concentrates".
Glazov (Udmurtia). PO "Chepetsk Mechanical Plant".
Plants for the production of nuclear fuel, highly enriched uranium and weapons-grade plutonium.
Chelyabinsk-65 (Chelyabinsk region). PA "Mayak".
Tomsk-7 (Tomsk region). Siberian chemical plant.
Krasnoyarsk-26 ( Krasnoyarsk region). Mining and chemical plant.
Ekaterinburg. Ural Electrochemical Plant.
Kirovo-Chepetsk (Kirov region). Chemical plant them. B.P. Konstantinov.
Angarsk (Irkutsk region). Chemical electrolysis plant.
Shipbuilding and ship repair plants and bases of the nuclear fleet.
St. Petersburg. Leningrad Admiralty Association. PO "Baltic Plant".
Severodvinsk. PO "Sevmashpredpriyatie", PO "Sever".
Nizhniy Novgorod. PA "Krasnoe Sormovo".
Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The Leninsky Komsomol shipyard.
Bolshoi Kamen (Primorsky Territory). Zvezda shipyard.
Murmansk. Technical base of PTO "Atomflot", shipyard "Nerpa"
Nuclear submarines (nuclear submarines) bases of the Northern Fleet.
Western Faces (Nerpichya's lip).
Gadzhievo.
Polar.
Vidyaevo.
Yokanga.
Gremikha.
Submarine bases of the Pacific Fleet.
Fishing.
Vladivostok (Vladimir Bay and Pavlovsky Bay),
Sovetskaya Gavan.
Find.
Magadan.
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky.
Korsakov.
Warehouses for submarine ballistic missiles.
Revda (Murmansk region).
Henoksa (Arkhangelsk region).
Points of outfitting missiles with nuclear warheads and loading into submarines.
Severodvinsk.
Okolnaya Bay (Kola Bay).
Temporary storage sites for irradiated nuclear fuel and facilities for its processing
NPP industrial site.
Murmansk. Lighter "Lepse", floating base "Imandra" PTO "Atom-Fleet".
Polar. Technical base of the Northern Fleet.
Yokanga. Technical base of the Northern Fleet.
Pavlovsky Bay. Technical base of the Pacific Fleet.
Chelyabinsk-65. PA "Mayak".
Krasnoyarsk-26. Mining and chemical plant.
Industrial storage facilities and regional storages (repositories) of radioactive and atomic waste.
NPP industrial sites.
Krasnoyarsk-26. Mining and chemical plant, RT-2.
Chelyabinsk-65. PA "Mayak".
Tomsk-7. Siberian chemical plant.
Severodvinsk (Arkhangelsk region). The industrial site of the Zvezdochka shipyard of the Sever PO.
Bolshoi Kamen (Primorsky Territory). The industrial site of the Zvezda shipyard.
Zapadnaya Litsa (Andreeva Bay). Technical base of the Northern Fleet.
Gremikha. Technical base of the Northern Fleet.
Shkotovo-22 (Chazhma bay). Ship repair and technical base Pacific Fleet.
Fishing. Technical base of the Pacific Fleet.
Storage and disposal sites for decommissioned naval ships and civilian ships with nuclear power plants.
Polyarny, base of the Northern Fleet.
Gremikha, base of the Northern Fleet.
Yokanga, the base of the Northern Fleet.
Zapadnaya Litsa (Andreeva Bay), the base of the Northern Fleet.
Severodvinsk, factory water area of PO "Sever".
Murmansk, technical base of Atomflot.
Bolshoy Kamen, water area of the Zvezda shipyard.
Shkotovo-22 (Chazhma Bay), the technical base of the Pacific Fleet.
Sovetskaya Gavan, water area of the military-technical base.
Rybachy, base of the Pacific Fleet.
Vladivostok (Pavlovsky Bay, Vladimir Bay), Pacific Fleet bases.
Undeclared areas of liquid waste and solid radioactive waste dumping.
Places of discharge of liquid radioactive waste in the Barents Sea.
Areas of solid radioactive waste dumping in shallow bays of the Kara side of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago and in the area of the Novaya Zemlya deep-water depression.
The point of unauthorized flooding of the Nikel lighter with solid radioactive waste.
Black lip of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. The site of the experimental ship "Kit", on which experiments with chemical warfare agents were carried out.
Contaminated areas.
30-km sanitary zone and areas contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the catastrophe of 04/26/1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
East Ural radioactive trace formed as a result of the explosion on 09/29/1957 of a container with high-level waste at an enterprise in Kyshtym (Chelyabinsk-65).
Radioactive contamination of the Techa-Iset-Tobol-Irtysh-Ob river basin as a result of long-term dumping of radiochemical production waste at the facilities of the nuclear (weapons and energy) complex in Kyshtym and the spread of radioisotopes from open storage facilities for radioactive waste due to wind erosion.
Radioactive contamination of the Yenisei and individual sections of the floodplain as a result of the industrial operation of two direct-flow water reactors of the mining and chemical plant and the operation of the radioactive waste storage facility in Krasnoyarsk-26.
Radioactive contamination of the territory in the sanitary protection zone of the Siberian chemical plant (Tomsk-7) and beyond.
Officially recognized sanitary zones at the sites of the first nuclear explosions on the ground, under water and in the atmosphere at nuclear weapons test sites on New Earth.
Totsk district of the Orenburg region. The location of the military exercises for the resilience of personnel and military equipment To damaging factors nuclear explosion on September 14, 1954 in the atmosphere.
Radioactive release as a result of an unauthorized launch of the nuclear submarine reactor, accompanied by a fire, at the Zvezdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk (Arkhangelsk region) 02/12/1965
Radioactive release as a result of unauthorized launch of the nuclear submarine reactor, accompanied by a fire, at the shipyard PA Krasnoe Sormovo in Nizhny Novgorod in 1970.
Local radioactive contamination of the water area and adjacent areas as a result of unauthorized start-up and thermal explosion of the nuclear submarine reactor during its reloading at the Navy shipyard in Shkotovo-22 (Chazhma Bay) in 1985.
Pollution of the coastal waters of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago and the open regions of the Kara and Barents Seas due to the discharge of liquid and flooding of solid radioactive waste by the Navy and Atomflot ships.
Places of underground nuclear explosions in the interests of the national economy, where the release of products of nuclear reactions to the surface of the earth is noted or underground migration of radionuclides is possible.
http: //www.site/users/lsd_86/post84466272
List of nuclear facilities in Russia. Part 2.
We continue the topic of places from which we must stay away ... In addition to the existing nuclear facilities in Russia, we got from the USSR a large number of nuclear explosions carried out for "decent purposes".
In the period from 1965 to 1988, 124 peaceful nuclear explosions were carried out in the USSR in the interests of the national economy. Of these, the facilities "Kraton-3", "Kristall", "Taiga" and "Globus-1" were recognized as emergency.
Figure 1. Nuclear explosions for seismic sounding of the territory of the USSR.
The rectangle denotes the names of projects carried out using VNIITF devices.
Figure 2. Industrial nuclear explosions on the territory of the USSR.
The rectangle denotes the names of projects carried out with the use of VNIITF nuclear explosive devices.
List of nuclear explosions by region of Russia
Arkhangelsk region.
Globus-2. 80 km northeast of Kotlas (160 km northeast of the city of Veliky Ustyug), 2.3 kilotons, October 4, 1971. On September 9, 1988, the Rubin-1 explosion with a capacity of 8.5 kilotons was carried out in the same place, the last peaceful nuclear explosion in USSR.
"Agate". 150 km west of the city Mezen, 19 July 1985, 8.5 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Astrakhan region.
15 explosions under the Vega program - creation of underground storage tanks for gas condensate. The power of the charges is from 3.2 to 13.5 kilotons. 40 km from Astrakhan, 1980-1984.
Bashkiria.
Series "Kama". Two explosions of 10 kilotons in 1973 and 1974, 22 km west of the city of Sterlitamak. Creation of underground tanks for the disposal of industrial wastewater at the Salavat petrochemical plant and the Sterlitamak soda-cement plant.
In 1980 - five explosions "Bhutan" with a capacity of 2.3 to 3.2 kilotons 40 km east of the city of Meleuz at the Grachevskoye oil field. Stimulation of oil and gas production.
Irkutsk region.
"Meteorite-4". 12 km north-east of the Ust-Kut village, September 10, 1977, capacity - 7.6 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Rift-3. 160 km north of Irkutsk, July 31, 1982, capacity - 8.5 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Kemerovo region.
"Quartz-4", 50 km south-west of Mariinsk, September 18, 1984, capacity - 10 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Murmansk region.
Dnipro-1. 20-21 km north-east of Kirovsk, September 4, 1972, capacity - 2.1 kilotons. Crushing of apatite ore. In 1984, a similar explosion "Dnepr-2" was made there.
Ivanovo region.
Globus-1. 40 km northeast of Kineshma, September 19, 1971, capacity - 2.3 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Kalmykia.
"Region-4". 80 km northeast of Elista, October 3, 1972, capacity - 6.6 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Komi.
Globus-4. 25 km south-west of Vorkuta, July 2, 1971, capacity - 2.3 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Globus-3. 130 km south-west of the city of Pechora, 20 km east of the Lemyu railway station, July 10, 1971, capacity - 2.3 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Quartz-2". 80 km south-west of Pechora, August 11, 1984, capacity - 8.5 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Krasnoyarsk region.
"Horizon-3". Lake Lama, Cape Tonky, September 29, 1975, capacity - 7.6 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Meteorite-2". Lake Lama, Cape Tonky, July 26, 1977, capacity - 13 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Kraton-2". 95 km south-west of the city of Igarka, September 21, 1978, capacity - 15 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Rift-4". 25-30 km southeast of the village of Noginsk, capacity 8.5 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Rift-1. Ust-Yeniseisky district, 190 km west of Dudinka, October 4, 1982, capacity - 16 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Orenburg region.
"Magistral" (another name - "Sovkhoznoye"). 65 km north-east of Orenburg, June 25, 1970, capacity - 2.3 kilotons. Creation of a cavity in a rock salt massif at the Orenburg gas-oil condensate field.
Two explosions of 15 kilotons "Sapphire" (another name - "Dedurovka"), made in 1971 and 1973. Creation of a container in a rock salt array.
"Region-1" and "Region-2": 70 km south-west of the city of Buzuluk, capacity - 2.3 kilotons, November 24, 1972. Seismic sounding.
Perm region.
"Griffin" - in 1969, two explosions of 7.6 kilotons in 10 km south of the city Wasp, at the Osinskoye oil field. Stimulation of oil production.
"Taiga". March 23, 1971, three charges of 5 kilotons in the Cherdyn district of the Perm region, 100 km north of the city of Krasnovishersk. Excavation, for the construction of the Pechora-Kama canal.
Five explosions with a yield of 3.2 kilotons from the "Helium" series 20 km southeast of the city of Krasnovishersk, which were carried out in 1981-1987. Intensification of oil and gas production at the Gezhskoye oil field. Stimulation of oil and gas production.
Stavropol region.
"Takhta-Kugulta". 90 km north of Stavropol, August 25, 1969, capacity - 10 kilotons. Gas production intensification.
Tyumen region.
"Tavda". 70 km north-east of Tyumen, capacity 0.3 kilotons. Creation of an underground tank.
Yakutia.
"Crystal". 70 km north-east of the Aikhal settlement, 2 km from the Udachny-2 settlement, October 2, 1974, capacity - 1.7 kilotons. Creation of a dam for the Udachny mining and processing plant.
"Horizon-4". 120 km south-west of the city of Tiksi, August 12, 1975, 7.6 kilotons.
From 1976 to 1987 - five explosions with a yield of 15 kilotons from the series of explosions "Oka", "Sheksna", "Neva". 120 km south-west of the city of Mirny, at the Srednebotuobinskoye oil field. Stimulation of oil production.
"Kraton-4". 90 km north-west of the village of Sangar, August 9, 1978, 22 kilotons, seismic sounding.
"Kraton-3", 50 km east of the Aikhal settlement, August 24, 1978, capacity - 19 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Seismic sounding. "Vyatka". 120 km south-west of the city of Mirny, October 8, 1978, 15 kilotons. Stimulation of oil and gas production.
"Kimberlite-4". 130 km south-west of Verkhnevilyuisk, August 12, 1979, 8.5 kilotons, seismic sounding.
On the air Ulyanovsk, Sergei Gogin:
Dimitrovgrad, the second largest city in the Ulyanovsk region, is known for the fact that it houses the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, in abbreviated form - NIIAR. As follows from the analysis of medical statistics carried out by the municipal "Environmental Protection Service", since 1997, the number of endocrine diseases among the population of the city began to grow, and quite sharply. And by 2000, the incidence had almost quadrupled. It was in the summer of 1997 that an increased release of radioactive iodine-131 took place at RIAR for three weeks. Says the head of Dimitrovgrad public organization"Center for the Development of Civil Initiatives" Mikhail Piskunov.
Mikhail Piskunov: It was the shutdown of the reactor on July 25. It was necessary to pull out a TVEL with a broken seal. But due to the fact that the staff made a mistake, the release went and inert gases, and iodine.
Sergei Gogin: Radioactive iodine is dangerous for thyroid gland, because it actively accumulates in it, causing cancer and other diseases. They were observed in people caught in the Chernobyl accident zone. Mikhail Piskunov calls the incident at RIAR a mini-Chernobyl.
Mikhail Piskunov: The Middle Volga region is an iodine-deficient region. There is a lack of stable iodine in water and food. In this regard, the thyroid gland actively assimilates radioactive iodine, if iodine prophylaxis is not carried out.
Sergei Gogin: In 2003, human rights activist and journalist Piskunov wrote an article in the Dimitrovgrad newspaper Channel 25, where he stated that his organization had predicted an increase in thyroid diseases among residents of Dimitrovgrad after the incident at NIIAR. He referred to statistics from which it followed that in 2000, endocrine disorders in children in Dimitrovgad were five times more likely than the average in Russia.
Mikhail Piskunov: Radioactive iodine was found in cow's milk. Probably, this radioactive substance began to get into the body of children. And even more dangerous in this situation are children who are in the womb. Because their thyroid is small. The consequences for these children will manifest themselves in 10-15 years.
Sergei Gogin: The management of the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors filed a lawsuit against the newspaper and Mikhail Piskunov for the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation... The process lasted over three years. The Ulyanovsk Arbitration Court twice satisfied the claim, the federal court of the Volga region twice overturned this decision. The proceedings were moved to a neighboring region. The Arbitration Court of the Penza Region partially satisfied the claim, recognizing that Mikhail Piskunov should not have qualified the incident as an accident in his article. But the court confirmed the right of the ecologist to express his opinion on the possible consequences of the radiation accident at RIAR for the health of the population.
It is important that Mikhail Piskunov used the court as a tool for obtaining the truth. RIAR had to provide the court with about two dozen documents confirming the fact of the release of radioactive iodine in 1997.
Mikhail Piskunov: The most important thing that we have received is two certificates. Specified emission limit. And how many were thrown out daily, and sometimes 15-20 times more.
Sergei Gogin: Based on the data obtained in court, Piskunov claims: in three weeks RIAR released 500 Curies of radioactive iodine into the atmosphere, which could damage the health of the population of the entire Middle Volga region. I was not able to talk with any of the specialists of the Institute of Atomic Reactors in Dimitrovgrad. They don't comment on the phone here. The maximum that was achieved was a short comment by Galina Pavlova, head of the RIAR press service:
Galina Pavlova: The management of the Institute is satisfied with the decision made by the court.
Sergei Gogin: Atomic workers insist: there was no accident in 1997, the radiation did not go beyond the sanitary protection zone. Therefore, there was no need to frighten people, just as there was no need for iodine prophylaxis. The latter conclusion, by the way, is refuted by the expertise of the Endocrinological Research Center Russian Academy medical sciences, conducted at the request of Mikhail Piskunov. Ulyanovsk ecologist Ivan Pogodin believes that what is important is not talking about the terms - an accident or not an accident, but the fact that there was an release of an active isotope of iodine or not.
Ivan Pogodin: The consequences are important. If an excess of 15-20 times has been proven, then I believe that regardless of the statute of limitations, this case cannot be closed. Again, it is necessary to raise the medical statistics over the past years. Just after 10 years, it is usually quite possible to trace the dynamics if something affects the health of the population.
Sergei Gogin: Human rights activist Mikhail Piskunov says that he intends to seek improved organization of iodine prophylaxis for residents of Dimitrovgrad in case of a radioactive release.
http://www.svobodanews.ru/Forum/11994.html
http: //www.site/users/igor_korn/post92986428
At first glance, the answer to this question will be as logical as to the Socramental "how does a raven look like a writing desk?" But only at first glance. On the second, an associative chain of answers will begin to build, the keywords of which will be "accident" and "radioactive". And those who are especially knowledgeable will remember RIAR.
The Research Institute of Nuclear Reactors is potentially the most dangerous place in Russia, if not in all of Eurasia. But, in order.
This company was created in the early 60s to investigate all possible problems. nuclear power... This honorable task was decided to be carried out in the Ulyanovsk region. The city of Dimitrovgrad was lucky. The nearest cities are Ulyanovsk (100 km) and Samara (250 km).
“... A city in a forest or a forest in a city? - Asking the guests who first came here, surprised by the enchanting beauty of the cityscape ... "is written on the official website of NIIAR, describing" a unique experimental base based on seven research reactors (SM, MIR, RBT-6, RBT-10/1, RBT-10 / 2, BOR-60, VK-50), which makes it possible to carry out research on topical issues nuclear power industry "and the entire ecological purity of the surrounding forest-urban landscape:" in the forest, which on warm spring nights freezes from the rolling trills of a nightingale "(ibid.). It’s even surprising that there are some dissatisfied.
Igor Nikolaevich Kornilov from Ulyanovsk, head of the human rights organization "Legal Fund":
- RIAR is a very large organization, its main products are weapons-grade plutonium for strategic warheads and California. Production capacity: 8 nuclear reactors, i.e. Nuclear power plants - they weren’t even close here ...
Eight? And their website says 7 ...
- There are eight of them ... All eight are research, two more stands ... I believe that they are excluding from the list a reactor for obtaining weapons-grade plutonium, since applications for it are not accepted (for work), since it is already working to the full program .. ...
And are they really dangerous?
- Several times there were abnormal situations with the release of radioactive substances, once Kazan ecologists sounded the alarm, having discovered Strontium (its radioactive isotope) in their water, while Kazan is 200 kilometers upstream of the Volga River. The ecologists who raised the noise tried to attract to responsibility for divulging "secrets", then for libel ... and the media kept silent that the radioactive element got into the drinking water of several cities.
There was a story about how the residents of Dimitrovgrad fell into panic when they saw that snow and the topsoil were urgently removed and taken out in the city, in an unknown direction ... The media again remained silent, however, the director of NIIAR was replaced with a new one ...
Has the situation changed with the replacement of the director?
- With a new one, there was a release - Iodine -131, the wind rose is such in the city that a colony for minors got into the plume of the release, and while irrigation machines were working in the city, endocrinologists fought off patients with an inflamed thyroid gland (theriotoxicosis) in polyclinics ... and the authorities were silent, since it was necessary to provide the population with expensive medicines to remove Iodine-131 from the body.
What's so special about this iodine?
- The main problem is that all isotopes (excluding Strontium) are short-lived. Iodine-131 disintegrates in about a week ... and then, of course, not a single commission of inquiry will find traces ... you can only detect an outbreak of thyroid diseases ... but, as the prosecutor's office claims, this is not a sufficient basis for initiating a criminal case .. ...
The general situation is as follows: the Ministry of Emergency Situations told me that they do not have necessary equipment to monitor the situation at RIAR. At SES, they said that they believed the security service of RIAR “at their word” because they had their own security laboratory, and SES were not allowed there ... maximum permissible concentration) - they are absent and therefore no one knows whether the radiation level is dangerous or not ...
RIAR - commenting on the situation, referred to the Geiger counters installed at the enterprise, and the fact that part of the counters are located in the city in places visible to the population, but to the remark that the installed counters register gamma radiation and do not register either alpha or beta - radiation ... hung up, and interrupted the conversation every time the question was raised about ionizing radiation from accidental emissions ...
An indirect confirmation of the dangerous situation was received from the Oblzdrav, which confirmed that in the number of endocrine diseases and oncology, Dimitrovgrad has been successfully leading in recent years, bypassing Ulyanovsk by an order of magnitude in the number of patients ...
In the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - there is an article on criminal liability for concealing facts representing a public danger ... but ...
But this is a secret enterprise?
- The enterprise is secret, but relatively, it is too well known in the world to be classified, nevertheless, the protection of the enterprise and its secrets is a department of the FSB.
Is Dimitrovgrad a big city?
- The population is about 250,000 people, plus a prison, plus three correctional institutions and another colony-settlements with them; row military units... Yes, this figure is not according to the official size of the city, but according to the population in the 30-kilometer sanitary zone around the reactors, i.e. it includes all nearby settlements, as it should be according to technical supervision.
Then it seems that it is easier for interested parties to control all local media than to spend money on expensive drugs such a large number of people. Moreover, for the FSB, this is a familiar business through and through.
However, the obvious is difficult to hide. So in 1997 there was a powerful release of iodine-131 that lasted three weeks! In 1998, there was a powerful jump in the incidence of endocrine system diseases among the residents of Dimitrovgrad, and in 1999 it reached its peak, exceeding the all-Russian indicator by almost three times.
Emissions occur from time to time, now the question is about legalizing 30 km. sanitary zone around RIAR, about the certainty in the issue of using RIAR as an APEC (about the maximum permissible power, for an experimental reactor (there are no analogues in the world and probably will not be) operating on plutonium (for reprocessing weapons-grade plutonium from arsenals that have served their time), on the installation of a complete complex of dosimetric means (monitoring of water, air and soil, for all types of radiation.) Let me explain this point: for example, the Hydrometeocenter daily reports on the level of radioactive background, but this is a natural background, and why are they silent about the radiation of newly created isotopes of cobalt, strontium, etc.? Why can't the Ministry of Emergency Situations get permission to install independent control devices? Why medical statistics are closed from the public? Why are the measurement data of the observation sanitary and epidemiological stations classified?
And after all, why are two-headed calves born? And after that, listen to the arguments of politicians about the poor study of radiation to the population?
What exactly should and can be done?
- I will explain my position. The issue of diseases and mutations is related to the protection of the rights of the third generation, i.e. descendants, but their rights should be protected today ... Therefore, our task is:
1. Move beyond 30 km. zones: orphanages and boarding schools, maternity hospitals, places of detention of convicts (especially children and adolescents, youth);
2. Ensure a minimum distance of 30 km. the RIAR zone of the presence of the reproductive population, and timely medical supply of the population with the necessary drugs;
3. timely notification of citizens about emergency situations at RIAR;
These are good proposals, but for their implementation it is necessary that the concern for people in our state exceeds the concern for maintaining the secrecy of everything and everything that at least somehow poses a serious threat to society, and therefore to public safety. Although this logic of large offices is beyond my comprehension.
http: //www.site/community/2685736/post92816729
1.
And now - about the most important thing, for the sake of which I began to write all this - about radioactive releases and their consequences.
A visual diagram of the release of radioactive substances into the atmosphere on the 2nd day of the accident and a few days later (pictures from here: http://www.dhushara.com/book/explod/cher/cher.htm)
The first signs of something terrible, hopelessly irreparable, appeared on Monday, at 9 a.m. April 28, 1986, when specialists at the nuclear power plant in Forsmark, 60 miles from Stockholm, drew attention to the alarms that appeared on the ghostly green screens. The devices showed the level of radiation, and it was so unusually high that the specialists were horrified. First guess: the leak came from a reactor at their station. But a thorough inspection of the equipment and its control devices did not reveal anything. Nevertheless, the sensors showed that the level of radiation in the air was four times higher than the maximum permissible levels. Geiger counters were urgently used to immediately check all six hundred workers. Even these hastily obtained data showed that each worker received a dose of radiation above the acceptable level. In the area surrounding the station, the same thing was repeated - the soil and plant samples contained an incredibly high amount of radioactive particles. By the time Forsmark scientists discovered the massive presence of radiation in the atmosphere, strong winds had spread it across Europe. A light rain that spilled on the salt marshes of Brittany turned the milk in the udders of cows into a toxic substance. Abundant rains, moisturizing the hilly land of Wales, poisoned the tender mutton. Toxic rains took place in Finland, Sweden and West Germany. http://primeinfo.net.ru/news405.html
http://lenta.ru/articles/2006/04/17/smi/
Although the distance between Chernobyl and Stockholm is more than 1000 miles, due to the fallout of radioactive rain, Sweden has become more polluted than many of the neighboring countries of the USSR. http://www.dataplus.ru/Arcrev/Number_31/4_aes.htm
Where and how the emissions from the NPP spread:
In Scandinavia and the Baltics:
There is an interactive map of Europe showing the distribution of radioactive fallout on its territory: http://www.chernobyl.info/index.php?userhash=1182177&navID=2&lID=2
The degree of contamination with cesium-137 in different regions of Europe (areas with no data are shown in white).
Here still large map - but it is rather strange and different from others, and for the worse: http://www.mcrit.com/espon_pss/images/MAPS_131/map13_risk_radioactivity.jpg
There are different countries of the world, maps, statistics:
http://www.davistownmuseum.org/cbm/Rad7b.html
Radioactive fallout - map from here: http://www.esi.ru/chernobl.htm
Pollution map on the territory of Russia:
Atlas of pollution of the European part of Russia with cesium-137. http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/russian/chernobyl/nat_rep_99/map_cs.html
How these maps were created:
Moscow tourist clubs greeted all those who returned with unexpected announcements: "Urgently go through radiation control." As the IAE later told, it was an ingenious decision of Academician V.A.Legasov - to measure the radiation background of the equipment of tourists, which on May 1-9 usually visit all large and small rivers of Central Russia. As a result, the first approximate map of radioactive contamination was compiled very quickly.
http://www.russ.ru/docs/116463410?user_session=
And a few numbers and names for these cards:
20 years after the events at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the zone of radiation contamination includes 4,343 settlements in 14 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, where 1.5 million people live. http://www.regnum.ru/news/629646.html
"The pollution that came from Chernobyl, from 1 curie per square kilometer, makes up 1.7% of the territory of Europe. The main Chernobyl slick, then Gomel-Mogilev, then Plavsko-Tula in Russia. The most affected were Bryansk, Kaluga, Orlov and Tula region, where the density of soil contamination with iodine 131 ranges from 0.1 to 100 Ku / km2 and more. Leningrad region(proceeding from the "Chernobyl" trace, it can be assumed that the found spot with an increased radio background in the area of Medvezhyegorsk in Karelia is of the same origin). The pollution spread to the west - southwest, northwest, to the Scandinavian countries, then to the east - a very large, powerful footprint with abundant precipitation. Then the clouds went to the south and southwest: Romania, Bulgaria, west: southern Germany, Italy, Austria, the alpine part of Switzerland. The atlas indicates how much cesium fell in each country and in Europe as a whole. In Belarus - 33.5% of the total emission, in Russia - 23.9%, in Ukraine - 20%, in Sweden - 4.4%, in Finland - 4.3%.
According to official estimates of three countries (the Republic of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine), at least more than 9,000,000 people suffered from the Chernobyl disaster in one way or another. In the RSFSR, 16 regions and one republic with a population of about 3,000,000 people living in more than 12,000 settlements were exposed to radioactive contamination.
Excess indicators of endocrine system diseases and metabolic disorders, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, congenital anomalies by more than 4 times; mental disorders and diseases of the circulatory system more than 2 times. The emergence of radiation-induced solid cancers is expected in the near future with a maximum intensity about 25 years after the Chernobyl accident for liquidators and 50 years for the population of contaminated areas. "Http://chernobyl.onego.ru/right/chernobyl.htm
Bryansk and Tula regions are two of the four regions of the Russian Federation that were most affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Tula region: as a result of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 18 out of 26 administrative territories of the region (17 districts and the city of Donskoy) were exposed to radioactive contamination on an area of 14.5 thousand square meters. km, which was more than half (56.3%) of its territory with a population of 928.8 thousand people. To the zone radioactive contamination in the territory of the region are currently classified as 1299 settlements, where 713.2 thousand people live. 122 settlements with a population of 32.2 thousand people, located in an area with a pollution density of 5 and more Ci / sq. km., attributed to the zone of residence with the right to resettlement, 1177 settlements with a population of 680.1 thousand people in an area with a pollution density of 1 to 5 Ci / sq. km, referred to the zone of residence with preferential socio-economic status. In addition, 2090 participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident live on the territory of the region, of which 1687 are disabled. Malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland in adults: in 2000, there were 5.9 cases per 100 thousand people in the region, in the controlled territories - 7.7 cases, in 2001 - 5.6 and 6.0 cases, respectively. In the zone of radioactive contamination, there were 687.4 thousand hectares (34.7%) of agricultural land in the region, including 76.5 thousand hectares with a pollution density of more than 5 Ci / sq. km, where it is necessary to carry out liming of soils and other special agrotechnical and agromeliorative measures. According to the forecast of Roshydromet, the disappearance of levels of radioactive contamination of the area with isotopes of cesium-137 over 5 Ci / sq. km on the territory of the Bryansk and Tula regions is expected no earlier than 2029, and a decrease in pollution to the level of 1 Ci / sq. km - not earlier than 2098.
http://www.budgetrf.ru/Publications/Schpalata/2003/schpal2003bull03/schpal632003bull3-7.htm
Some settlements are listed here: In the constantly monitored points of the region's settlements, the average level of the exposure dose of gamma radiation (with a permissible value of 60 μR / h) has the following indicators: Arsenyevo - 19 microR / h, Aleksin - 12 microR / h, Belev - 11 microR / h, Bogoroditsk - 13 microR / h, Venev - 11 microR / h, settlement. Volovo - 13 microR / h, pos. Dubna - 11 microR / h, pos. Zaoksky - 10 microR / h, Efremov - 13.5 microR / h, s. Arkhangelskoe (Kamensky district) - 16 microR / h, Kimovsk - 15.5 microR / h, Kireevsk - 15 microR / h, Kurkino village - 13.5 microR / h, settlement. Leninsky - 11 microR / h, Novomoskovsk - 15.5 microR / h, Odoev village - 12.5 microR / h, Plavsk - 33.5 microR / h, pos. Dairy Yards of the Plavsky district - 21 microR / h, Suvorov - 11.5 microR / h, settlement. Teploe Teplo-Ogarevsky district - 12 microR / h, Uzlovaya - 21 microR / h, pos. Chern - 16 microR / h, Shchekino - 14.5 microR / h, Yasnogorsk - 10.5 microR / h. The average monthly value of the gamma background level in the city of Tula in September was 12.5 μR / hour. When researching food raw materials and food products produced in the region and imported from other regions, drinking water, excess of hygienic standards for the content of radioactive substances was not revealed. http://www.etp.ru/ru/news/news/index.php?from4=21&id4=201
At the same time, everything is far from so unambiguous. Here it is said about violations of the law in this area:
Consequently, the exclusion of specific settlements Tula region from among the territories with the status of radioactive contamination or their transfer to a different, less privileged status should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the Law of the Russian Federation "On social protection citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
http://www.nuclearpolicy.ru/pravo/lawpractice/3dec1998.shtml
The situation in the Russian territories contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident - statistical tables of various data http://www.wdcb.rssi.ru/mining/obzor/Radsit.htm
"CHERNOBYL CATASTROPHE Results and problems of overcoming its consequences in Russia 1986 - 1999" http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/russian/chernobyl/nat_rep_99/13let_text.html
Objects of potential radiation hazard on the territory of Russia and their products http://www.igem.ru/staff/abstr/gis_rb.htm
In 1997, a long-term project of the European Community on the creation of an atlas of cesium pollution in Europe after the Chernobyl accident was completed. According to estimates made within the framework of this project, the territory of 17 European countries with a total area of 207.5 thousand square meters. km were contaminated with cesium with a pollution density of more than 1 Ci / sq. km. http://www.souzchernobyl.ru/index.php?ipart=7
The contamination zone turned out to be so vast that The Supreme Council The RSFSR, at a meeting in May 1986, compared it to "the consequences of a local nuclear war in the center of Europe." Most of the area was contaminated with the strontium isotope Sr-90, with a half-life of 30 years. In general, we are waiting for 2286, because any isotope becomes harmless after 10 half-lives. However, it will not be fated to repopulate Pripyat even then. The vicinity of the station and the city itself were contaminated with the Pu-90 isotope of plutonium, the half-life is 24080 years ... http://forum.rockhell.ru/index.php?s=3e2d0a9b0e7b28bb810cb517dc206ab1&showtopic=636&st=50&p=29215entry292
The forecast of the ecological situation in the contaminated areas is far from complete. We can speak more or less definitely only about a time interval of 10 - 20 years, and this applies only to 90Sr and 137Cs. As for the transuranic elements (and therefore the forecast for many millennia), the accumulated information is too little. The lack of data on these radionuclides is felt in all aspects of the problem, from the amount of fuel in the sarcophagus (according to various experts, from 39 to 180 tons) to the mechanism of formation of soluble plutonium, americium and neptunium compounds in the soil and the migration routes of these radioactive elements. http://ph.icmp.lviv.ua/chornobyl/e-library/chornobyl_catastrophe/conclusion.html
Medical consequences of the Chernobyl disaster (pdf) http://mfa.gov.by/rus/publications/collection/report/chapter_3.pdf
The same document deals with congenital defects:
Recently, a sensational report of the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) "Human Consequences of the Nuclear Incident in Chernobyl" was published. It states: no, there have not been and are not expected to have any serious mass consequences of the Chernobyl disaster! Objection: - Scientists have conducted hundreds of experiments on plants and animals. All were found to be negatively affected by low doses of radiation. Well, how to explain this from the perspective of the UN report - stress in mushrooms or pessimism in rats?
The Germans showed a film that refutes the position of the official Ukrainian authorities
V documentary about Chernobyl, shown the other day in Germany, the evidence of scientists is cited, asserting: the government data on the consequences of the catastrophe is falsified.
The film is based primarily on the results of research by Konstantin Checherov, a physicist at the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, who until 1996 was a member of the commission to investigate the causes of the Chernobyl accident. “The reactor poses no danger to Western Europe", - says the scientist. http://www.russisk.org/article.php?sid=655
Medical consequences of the Chernobyl accident: forecast and actual data of the national register. There are statistics among liquidators on the incidence rate + 50-year studies of the Japanese after Hiroshima and a few more articles. http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/russian/register/register.html
Medical aspects:
And almost thirty years ago, populations of the blowfly were exterminated in the United States in a number of states. Males irradiated with an appropriate dose of radiation were released into the population. After several generations, many all kinds of freaks appeared in it. Then the entire population disappeared.
But the genetic mechanism for the transmission of hereditary traits in protozoa, in flies and in humans is essentially the same!
However, the consequences of the catastrophe appear thousands of kilometers from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This is what a well-known Russian ecologist, corresponding member, reports. RAS A. Yablokov:
"In the summer of 1986, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom experienced significant growth the total deaths among the population. The sanitary service rejects tens of thousands of meat carcasses due to unacceptable radioactivity. In southern Germany, where
Chernobyl fallout was especially intense, infant mortality increased by 35% ... ... And often radiation damage is most strongly affected in the third generation. So the trouble will respond more than once "/ We have become hostages of the nuclear power plant." Trud ", February 13, 1996 /.
According to recent WHO data, 4.9 million people / E were exposed to Chernobyl radiation. Shakov, Will Chernobyl Close? "New Russian word", January 5, 1996 /.
acad. HELL. Sakharov ("Memoirs", New York, 1990. p. 262):
"... Even the smallest dose of radiation can damage the hereditary mechanism, lead to hereditary disease or death. There is no" threshold ", that is, such a minimum value of the radiation dose that at a lower dose ... no injury will occur.
... The probability of injury depends on the radiation dose, but, within certain limits, the nature of the injury does not depend. " cellular levels. "These lines are taken from the books" The Danger of Nuclear War "and" Nuclear War: Medical and Biological Consequences ", the authors of which are E.I. Chazov, L.A. Ilyin and A.K. Gus'kova. These books have also been published in the first half of the 1980s, before Chernobyl, although not for long.
http://zhurnal.lib.ru/t/tiktin_s_a/adomdimitchernobil.shtml
According to official UN data, about 4 thousand deaths from cancer are associated with the explosion of the reactor 20 years ago. Meanwhile, ecologists give a different figure: in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus alone, about 200 thousand people have already died due to the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, the Russian branch of Greenpeace told NEWSru.com. The report provides figures based on demographic statistics over the past 15 years. According to these data, 60 people have already died in Russia due to the Chernobyl accident. As for Ukraine and Belarus, this figure reaches 140 thousand (Key findings of the report).
According to Greenpeace, there will be about 270 thousand cases worldwide in the future. oncological diseases will be related to the effects of Chernobyl radiation. Of these, 93 thousand will end in death.
According to ecologists, Greece, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Italy, Estonia, Slovakia, Ireland, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium suffered from the Chernobyl accident , Spain, Portugal, Israel. total area contaminated with only "cesium-137" land besides Russia, Belarus and Ukraine amounted to 45 260 square kilometers.
The report also provides an analysis of diseases associated with exposure to radiation on the body: damage to the immune and endocrine systems, disorders in the cardiovascular system and blood diseases, mental illness, damage at the chromosomal level and an increase in the number of developmental defects in children.
Cancer rates have skyrocketed in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. In Belarus, between 1990 and 2000, there was an increase in cancers by 40%, and in the Gomel region - by 52%. In Ukraine, there was a 12% rise in the level of cancer, while in the Zhytomyr region, mortality increased almost threefold. In Russia, in the Bryansk region, the number of cancer cases increased 2.7 times.
Until 2004, in Belarus alone, about 7 thousand cases of thyroid cancer were registered. According to some studies, the incidence of thyroid cancer in children increased 88.5 times, in adolescents - 12.9 times, and in adults - 4.6 times. According to experts, in the next 70 years, the number of additional thyroid cancer cases will range from 14 to 31 thousand cases. In Ukraine, in general, about 24,000 thyroid cancer cases are expected, 2,400 of which are fatal.
Such a significant increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer significantly exceeds the expected level (immediately after the accident, official sources predicted a slight increase in the incidence). Moreover, the diseases are characterized by a short latency period and tumor spread outside the thyroid gland in almost 50% of cases, necessitating repeated surgeries to remove residual metastases.
Five years after the accident, there was a significant increase in leukemia cases in the population living in the most severely affected areas. It is estimated that between 1986 and 2056, Belarus is expected to have 2,800 additional cases leukemia, 1880 of them fatal.
There was a marked increase in the incidence of colon, rectal, breast, bladder, kidney, lung and other cancers. In 1987-1999, about 26 thousand cases of cancer caused by the influence of radiation were registered in Belarus, of which 18.7% were skin cancer, 10.5% - lung cancer and 9.5% - stomach cancer.
In Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, the number of diseases of the circulatory and lymphatic systems has increased. In the ten years after the accident, the number of diseases of the circulatory system has increased 5.5 times. On the territory of Ukraine, the number of diseases of the blood and circulatory system among residents of the contaminated territories has increased by 10.8-15.4 times.
Exposure to radiation on reproductive system... The accumulation of radionuclides in the female body leads to an increase in the level of the male hormone testosterone, which is responsible for the appearance of male characteristics. Conversely, cases of impotence have become more frequent in men 25-30 years old, living in areas contaminated with radiation. Children in contaminated areas suffer from delayed sexual development. Mothers experience later onset and breaks menstrual cycle, more frequent gynecological problems, anemia during and after pregnancy, premature birth and rupture of membranes.
http://www.newsru.com/world/18apr2006/greenpeace.html
And how much data was not included in official statistics? How can you now determine whether certain diseases are caused by the effects of radiation or not? You can only fix the growth tendencies of a certain sick person, and only ...
Fragment of the front page of the Berlin Die Tageszeitung
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which occurred in 1986, could cause more than a thousand child deaths in the UK, the British scientist believes. A study by epidemiologist John Urquhart found that several years after the disaster, there was an increased infant mortality rate in the British fallout regions, according to Sky News. The scientist analyzed medical statistics in areas where "black rains" took place after the explosion of the Soviet reactor, and calculated that the increase in child deaths from 1986 to 1989 was 11% - compared with 4% in other regions. In fact, this means more than a thousand deaths, John Urquhart said at a conference in London, timed to coincide with the twentieth anniversary of the disaster. According to his research, this negative trend stopped four years after Chernobyl. Official maps show that the radioactive clouds passed through Kent and London to Hertfordshire and into the eastern Midlands of Great Britain, after which, affecting Bradford and the Isle of Man, they left in the direction of Northern Ireland. The scientist believes that about half of the regions of England and Wales could potentially be affected by this disaster. http://www.newsru.com/world/23mar2006/chernobyl.html
How asexual worms switched to traditional breeding
http://chernobyl.onego.ru/right/izvestia26_04_2003.htm
In the context of all this, theoretical information will not be superfluous:
ABOUT THE SCIENCE OF RADIOACTIVITY http://www.radiation.ru/begin/begin.htm
About iodine against radioactivity http://www.inauka.ru/news/article50772.html
X-ray radiation http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
| Still different information |
And radiation continues to spread ...
In Moscow, there are legal proceedings on the fact of the import of radioactive Chernobyl pipes into Russia
http://www.newsru.com/russia/08dec2005/chernobil.html
http://www.sancenter.ru/003.html
Look through the news sites, there are about pipes, and about blueberries, and about equipment stolen from burial grounds ...
And no one understands that just one particle, invisible to the eye, is enough for the fate of our future generations to change ... we are already paying with all sorts of diseases, reduced immunity and we continue to believe that this has nothing to do with Chernobyl.
I will write about Latvia and the Baltics separately in the next issue.
See the beginning of the topic here:
20 years of the Chernobyl accident (part 1: map and table)
All about Chernobyl and its consequences - (part 2: many links about the accident itself and Pripyat)
The terrible disaster at Chernobyl became an unprecedented event in the historical chronicle of nuclear power. In the first days after the accident, it was not possible to assess the real scale of the incident, and only some time later, within a radius of 30 km, the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was created. What happened and is still happening in the closed area? The world is full of various rumors, some of which are the fruit of an inflamed fantasy, and some of which are the true truth. And far from always the most obvious and realistic things turn out to be reality. After all, we are talking about Chernobyl - one of the most dangerous and mysterious territories in Ukraine.
ChNPP construction history
A plot of land 4 km from the village of Kopachi and 15 km from the city of Chernobyl in 1967 was selected for the construction of a new nuclear power plant designed to compensate for the energy deficit in the Central Energy Region. The future station was named Chernobyl.
The first 4 power units were built and put into operation already by 1983, in 1981 the construction of 5 and 6 power units began, which lasted until the notorious 1986. Within a few years a small town of power engineers appeared near the station - Pripyat.
The first accident covered the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1982 - after planned repairs, an explosion occurred at power unit 1. The consequences of the breakdown were eliminated within three months, after which additional safety measures were introduced to prevent similar cases in the future.
But, apparently, fate decided to finish what it started, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was not supposed to work. That's why on the night of April 25-26, 1986 at the 4th power unit another explosion thundered. This time the incident turned into a catastrophe on a global scale. Until now, no one can say for sure what exactly caused the explosion of the reactor, which entailed thousands of broken lives, twisted lives and premature deaths. The disaster, Chernobyl, the exclusion zone - the history of this incident causes controversy to this day, although the time of the accident itself has been established with an accuracy of seconds.
A few minutes before the explosion of the 4th power unit
On the night of April 25-26, 1986, an experimental test of the 8th turbine generator was scheduled. The experiment started at 1:23:10 on April 26, and already 30 seconds later, as a result of a drop in pressure, a powerful explosion thundered.
Chernobyl accident
Unit 4 was engulfed in flames, the firefighters managed to completely extinguish the fire by 5 a.m. And even a few hours later, it became known how powerful the release of radiation into the environment was. A couple of weeks later, the authorities decided to cover the destroyed power unit with a concrete sarcophagus, but it was too late. The radioactive cloud spread over a fairly long distance.
The Chernobyl disaster brought great disaster: the exclusion zone, created shortly after the event, prohibited free access to the vast territory belonging to Ukraine and Belarus.
Chernobyl exclusion zone area
Within a radius of 30 kilometers from the epicenter of the accident - abandonment and silence. It is these territories Soviet authorities considered dangerous for permanent residence of people. All residents of the exclusion zone were evacuated to other settlements. Several more zones were additionally identified on the forbidden territory:
- a special zone, which was occupied directly by the NPP itself and the construction site of the 5th and 6th power units;
- zone 10 km;
- zone 30 km.
The boundaries of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant were surrounded by a fence, installing warning signs about elevated level radiation. Ukrainian lands that fell into the forbidden territory - directly Pripyat, the village of Severovka, Zhytomyr region, villages Kiev region Novoshepelevichi, Polesskoe, Vilcha, Yanov, Kopachi.
The village of Kopachi is located at a distance of 3800 meters from the 4th power unit. It was so badly damaged by radioactive substances that the authorities decided to physically destroy it. The most massive rural buildings were destroyed and buried underground. Previously prosperous Kopachs were simply wiped off the face of the earth. Currently, there are not even self-settlers here.
The accident also affected a large area of Belarusian lands. A significant part of the Gomel region fell under the ban, about 90 settlements fell within the radius of the exclusion zone and were abandoned by local residents.
Chernobyl mutants
The territories abandoned by people were soon chosen by wild animals. And people, in turn, embarked on lengthy discourses about monsters, in which radiation turned the entire animal world exclusion zones. There were rumors about mice with five legs, three-eyed hares, glowing boars and many other fantastic transformations. Some rumors were reinforced by others, multiplied, spread and gained new fans. It got to the point that some "storytellers" started rumors about the existence of mutant animals in the closed zone of the museum. Of course, no one managed to find this amazing museum. And with fantastic animals, it turned out to be a complete bummer.
Animals in the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant are indeed exposed to radiation. Radioactive vapors are deposited on plants that feed on some species. The exclusion zone is inhabited by wolves, foxes, bears, wild boars, hares, otters, lynxes, deer, badgers, the bats... Their organisms successfully cope with pollution and increased radioactive background. Therefore, unwittingly, the restricted area has become something of a nature reserve for many species of rare animals living on the territory of Ukraine.
And yet, there were mutants in the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This term can be applied to plants. Radiation became a kind of fertilizer for the flora, and in the first years after the accident, the size of the plants was amazing. Both wild and economic crops grew huge. A forest 2 km from the nuclear power plant was especially damaged. The trees are the only ones who could not escape from the radioactive explosion, so they completely absorbed all the fumes and turned red. The red forest could turn into an even more terrible tragedy if it caught fire. Fortunately, this did not happen.
The red forest is the most dangerous forest on the planet, and at the same time, the most persistent. Radiation, as it were, conserved it, slowing down all natural processes. So, the Red Forest plunges into some kind of parallel reality, where the measure of everything is eternity.
Inhabitants of the Chernobyl exclusion zone
After the accident, only the workers of the station and rescuers remained on the territory of the exclusion zone, liquidating the consequences of the accident. The entire civilian population was evacuated. But the years passed and significant amount people returned to their homes in the exclusion zone, despite the prohibitions of the law. These desperate guys were called self-settlers. Back in 1986, the number of residents of the Chernobyl exclusion zone totaled 1200 people. Most interestingly, many of them were already at the retirement age and lived longer than those who left the radioactive zone.
Now the number of self-settlers in Ukraine does not exceed 200 people. All of them are scattered across 11 settlements located in the exclusion zone. In Belarus, the stronghold of the inhabitants of the Chernobyl exclusion zone is the village of Zaelitsa, an academic town in the Mogilev region.
Basically, self-settlers are elderly people who could not come to terms with the loss of their home and all property acquired by back-breaking labor. They returned to the contaminated dwellings to live out their short life. Since the economy and any infrastructure in the exclusion zone is absent, people living in Chernobyl zone alienation, are engaged household plots, gathering, sometimes hunting. In general, they were engaged in their usual kind of activity in their native walls. So no radiation is terrible. This is how life goes on in the Chernobyl exclusion zone.
Chernobyl exclusion zone today
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant finally stopped working only in 2000. Since then, it has become very quiet and gloomy in the exclusion zone. The abandoned towns of the village cause frost on the skin and the desire to escape from here as far as possible. But there are also brave daredevils for whom the dead zone is the abode of exciting adventures. Despite all the physical and legal prohibitions, stalker adventurers constantly explore the abandoned settlements of the zone, and find a lot of interesting things there.
Today there is even a special direction in tourism - Pripyat and the vicinity of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Excursions to dead city arouse great curiosity not only among the residents of Ukraine, but also among guests from abroad. Tours to Chernobyl last up to 5 days - this is how much one person is officially allowed to stay in the contaminated area. But usually hikes are limited to one day. The group, led by experienced guides, walks along a specially designed route that does not harm your health.
When to visit
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Virtual walk around Pripyat
And for those curious who will not dare to get to know Pripyat with their own eyes, there is a virtual walk through the Chernobyl exclusion zone - exciting and certainly absolutely safe!
Chernobyl exclusion zone: satellite map
For those who are still not afraid to go on a trip, it will be very useful detailed map the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. It marks the boundaries of a 30-kilometer zone, indicating settlements, station buildings and other local attractions. With such a guide, you won't be afraid to get lost.
